Design of Gaharu Essential Oil Extraction Plant with Capacity of 450L per Annual
Plant Design Project (SKF 4824)
Introduction of Gaharu Scientific name: Aquilaria malaccensis Found typically in mixed forest habitat at altitudes between 0 and 1000 m above sea level Gives off a unique aromatic scent when the wood is burnt Gaharu oil grade-depending on resin content Form gaharu as a response to wounding induced by external factors or microbial infection
Gaharu in Use
Site selection Factors to be consider: Land price Raw Materials Transportation Power and Water supply Labours Proximity to market Waste disposal Government incentives
Plant location: Lot 103, Jalan Kulai, 80000, Kulai, Johor, Malaysia
Global Market
GAHARU IMPORTERS • • • •
UAE JAPAN SAUDI ARABIA TAIWAN
GAHARU EXPORTERS • • • •
SINGAPORE MALAYSIA INDONESIA THAILAND
Extraction method – Steam Distillation
Equipment selection 1. Propeller Mixing Tank
2. Autoclave
3. Cooler
4. Incubator
5. Steam distillation unit
Steam Boiler 6. Oil water separator
Distillation still
Condenser
Physical properties of oil constituents β-agarofuran
norketoagarofuran
Agarospirol
Kusunol
Jinkoh-eremol
Formula
C14H22O
C14H22O2
C15H26O
C15H26O
C15H26O
Flash point (°C)
113.281
127.781
114.626
116.628
109.677
137.562
Boiling point at 760 mmHg (°C)
269.305
313.614
312.188
315.716
303.513
327.13
Mr (g/mol)
206.3238
222.32328
222.3663
222.3660
222.36634
Density (g/cm3)
1.0080
1.066
0.962
0.958
0.96
0.98
Enthalpy of Vaporization (kJ/mol)
48.6990
55.471
64.139
64.574
63.072
56.94
Vapour Pressure (mmHg at 25°C)
0.012000000104 3081
0
0
0
0
0
Properties
dihydrokaranone C15H26O
Basis and Assumption of Mass Balance Material out = Material in + Generation – Consumption – Accumulation Inlet of gaharu = 600kg/day. Production of the plant = 1.26kg/day Gaharu contain 0.006 % of β-agarofuran (C15H24O), 0.006 % of nor-ketoagarofuran (C15H24O), 0.047 % of agarospirol (C15H26O), 0.04 % of jinkoh-eremol (C15H26O), 0.029 % of kusunol (C15H26O), 0.024 % of dihydrokaranone (C10H16O), 0.058 % of oxo-agarospirol (C10H16O) and 99.79 % of cellulose (C6H10O5).
Basis and Assumption of Energy Balance Energy out = Energy in + Generation – Consumption + Accumulation
Q = ∆H = ∑ṁĤin - ∑ṁĤout Kinetics and potential energies are neglected Standard reference state for enthalpy, where H = 0, Po = 1atm, To = 298.15 K Steady-state condition in all equipment References temperature for all calculation = 25 °C
Waste
Solid waste
Joss stick
Gaharu pallet
Waste Water
Waste water treatment plant
MECHANICAL DESIGN
Autoclave still
Incubator
Distillation
Profitability Analysis Economical Aspect Grass Root Capital, GRC Total Capital Investment, TCI Total Production Cost, APC Total Expenses, ATE NET Annual Profit, ANP
Value RM 2 886 214.31
RM 5 381 057.98 RM 14 503 060.77 RM 15 187 093.56
RM 2 856 106.44
Net annual profit after deduction of income tax,
RM 2 284 885.15
ANNP 2.8 years after 3 Pay Back Period
years startup period
Discounted cash flow rate of return, DCFRR Rate of return, ROR
14.90 % 55.17 %