Integrate resilience the case study of post disaster reconstruction in sichuan, china

IX INU Study Day “Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

“THE CASE STUDY OF POST-DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION IN SICHUAN, CHINA”

18-19 DIC 2015

IX INU Study Day

1.

EVOLUTION OF “RESILIENCE WORLD”

Resilience word and theory; Resilience thinking in urban planning;

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

2.

THE CASE OF POSTEARTHQUAKE URBAN RECONSTRUCTION OF DUJIANGYAN, CHINA The governance strategic plan of recovery; The Dujiangyan’s postdisaster reconstruction projects; The results of postdisaster rebuilding;

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

3.

URBAN RESILIENCE: AN ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO FOR DUJIANGYAN

The main aspects of urban resilience integration: - building level - neighborhood level - city level - regional level

4.

CONCLUSION

To start moving forward; Requalification of post-disaster mechanism;

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

1. EVOLUTION

OF “RESILIENCE WORLD” Resilience word and theory; Resilience thinking in urban planning;

©postplanjer

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

RESILIENCE WORD /THEORY W.J.M. RANKINE 1967

SCOTTISH ENGINEER (1820-1872) Mechanical and physical property of material

Rankine used the “resilience” word to describe the strength and ductility of steel beams.

C.S. HOLLING

MECHANIC FIELD

1. Resilience is ability of a material to absorb

energy when it is deformes elastically, and release that that energy upon unloading.

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

1973

CANADIAN ECOLOGIST (1930) Ecological resilience

Holling used the “resilience” word to describe the durability of ecosystems, defined this kind of capacity as “ecological resilience”.

ECOLOGICAL FIELD

2. Resilience means an ability of a system

or a structure to perceive, resist and adapt to the surrounding changes and disturbances thereby maintaining the original structure and function, without disturbing an internal natural life.

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

RESILIENCE THINKING REVOLUTION C.S. HOLLING

1996

Engineering resilience

Holling developed his concept, defined the same characteristics for a physical property, defined this kind of capacity “engineering resilience”.

P. TIMMERMAN 1981

ENGINEERING FIELD

3. Characteristic of a physical property (of a

system, structure or material) which can return to its original state after external negative impact without being destroyed; he defined it as an “engineering resilience”.

PROFESSOR Community resilience

Resilience was associated with a society, and was used to building so called “buffering capacity” to withstand a disaster shock of the community.

SOCIAL STUDIES

4. From there a resilience first started to

associate with a state of disruption to systemic functions, in other words with a disasters and the sense of risk.

in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University Toronto

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

M. ALBERTI

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

2003

DURING THE YEARS, THE RESILIENT CONCEPT BECAME BE ASSOCIETE WITH THE A RAPID RESPONCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE TERMS OF PRE- OR POSTDISASTER PLANNING. PROFESSOR Urban resilience

The debates over the relation of resilient frame in spatial planning start with the concept of the “resilient city”,

URBAN PLANNING FIELD

5. “the degree to which cities are able to tolerate alteration before reorganizing around a new set of structures and processes”.

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

2.THE CASE OF POST-

EARTHQUAKE URBAN RECONSTRUCTION OF DUJIANGYAN, CHINA The governance strategic plan of recovery;The Dujiangyan’s postdisaster reconstruction projects; The results of post-disaster rebuilding;

©Pictobank

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

CASE STUDY: GREAT SICHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN CHINA , MAY 2008 EARTHQUAKE DATA DATE May 12, 2008 MAGNITUDE 8,0 Ms EPICENTER Yingxiu, Wenchuan County, Ngawa Prefecture, Sichuan CASUALTIES 69,195 dead, 18,392 missing, 374,643 injured DAMAGED USD 191. 913 million COST TOTALL Building and DAMAGED infrastructure damage, landslide, formation of landslide dams

COUNTRY LEVEL

REGIONAL LEVEL

BEIJING

CHINA

GANSU XI’AN

JIUZHAIGOU EPICENTER WENCHUAN

SHANGHAI

CHONGQING

EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER

MODERATE LIGHT

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

DUJIANGYAN

DUJIANGYAN CHENGDU

KUNMING

GUILIN GUANGZHOU HONGKONG

CHENGDU SICHUAN PROVINCE

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

DUJIANGYAN CITY, DISASTER ZONES MINJIANG RIVER

DUJIANGYAN CITY

CITY LEVEL

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

LOCATION PROVINCE SUB-PRO-L CITY POPULATION DENSITY AREA TOTALL FAMOUS

Jiuzhaigou Valley Sichuan Chengdu 657,996 people

545/km2 (1,410/sq mi) 1,208 km2 (466 sq mi) Dujiangyan irrigation system, built around 250 BC (the World Natural Heritage site) MAIN Turism ACTIVITY

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

BEFORE DISASTER Dujianyan is not only home to an irrigation system on the Minjiang River meant to prevent flooding in Sichuan province, it is also a famous scenic spot featuring many attractions. It was inscribed on the UNESCO .... ©xinhuanet

....World Heritage List in 2000.

Dujiangyan, has the oldest extant irrigation system in the world.

©visitourchina

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

AFTER DISASTER Almost all city buildings were collapsed because of the lack of the seismic building codes and regulations, which weren't seriously modified since 1980s.

Three types of damaged or collapsed buildings ©visitourchina

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

STRATEGIC PLAN OF RECOVERY

1.

COMPETITION

2.

3.

POST-DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN GOAL In order to bring ideas of in the action, the government authorities launched an international competition of the Dujiangyan post-disaster reconstruction plan on July 2008. The main types of the proposals represented the idea of the urban redevelopment and transformation of the city through the waterfront development scenario and representation the city as the center of international tourism and entertainment.

2009 CHINESE COVERNMENT ACTION The post-disaster strategic plan of total recovery and reconstruction of the damaged urban areas in Sichuan province after the catastrophic event (the Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction Ordinance).

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks�

GOAL

The rapid massive urbanisation and economical improvements, create the territorial strategy of the post-disaster tourism with help of investments of public and private sectors.

METHOD

Generic top-down approach

+

- allow to recover the damaged urban areas in rapid form;

-

- there is nothing to do with disaster prevention in the future

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

POST-DISASTER COMPETITION

2.

BEAR

AREP

METHOD Dujiangyan is famous because of its old irrigation system. Close to this famous UNESCO site along the river we designed a Central Business District area of around 350,000 m2.

+ -

Client: People’s Government of Dujiangyan city Project management: BEAR Studies: 2008

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

The city of Dujiangyan was badly hit by the earthquake that stroke Sichuan in 2008.

Many villages laid in shambles and it became necessary to build new housing facilities in a short lapse of time.

Client: People’s Government of Dujiangyan city Project management: AREP Ville, CSCEC Studies: June 2008 - July 2008

-

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

AREP The project aims to rethink urban planning, initially by 2020, and the design process sets out three main lines of development, all of which have their starting point in the old historic center of the city.

+ -

JSTARCHS We were the Architect for the schematic design for a 42,373,204 sq. ft. ocean park resort. Our design features 4 hotels, 11 residency towers and shopping malls in Dujiang Yan, Chengdu, China for Pan Pacific Investment Inc.

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks�

-

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

THE RESULTS OF POST-DISASTER REBUILDING Beichuan County Seat was destroyed by the earthquake The previously damaged Dujiangyan's residences.

+ -

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

-

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

The newly build Dujiangyan Chinese Medicine Hospital is now inoperation.

Dujiangyan's permancent residences ready for use

+ -

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

-

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

3.URBAN RESILIENCE: AN ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO FOR DUJIANGYAN, CHINA

The main aspects of urban resilience integration: building level, neighborhood level, city level, regional level

©rsp. architects planner engineers

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

ANALYSIS OF ARUP: ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO FOR DUJIANGYAN PROPOSAL

FROM EMERGENCY RESPONCE TO LONG-TERM RESURGENCE A strategic decision-making framework that gave the reconstruction process adequate structure to enable policy formulation but allow enough flexibility for re-evaluation of decisions as new circumstances became available.

INTEGRATE RESILIENCE THINKING + a relocation of the critical urban infrastructure from the possible affected quake areas (on the basis of calculations the possible future risk areas); + creation of the emergency connected open urban spaces as hazard parks and landscapes (to ensure escape routes for survivors and unobstructed access for rescue teams); + incorporation of the long-term sustainable development issues (as the creation of the eco-city planning); - rethinking Chinese building earthquake methods of construction, the cultural and traditional identity of the Chinese architecture, and the real low-level building scale of the Dujiangyan city - all these factors were totally ignored.

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

A #1

ASPECTS OF URBAN RESILIENCE INTEGRATION RESILIENCE THINKING FRAMEWORK BUILDING LEVEL

INNOVATIVE BUILDING SCHEMES, TYPES AND MATERIALS; REORGANIZATION OF BUILDING REGULATIONS AND CODES; NEW SEISMIC BUILDING MANAGMENT.

a.

b.

c.

CREATION THE EMERGENCY OPEN SPACES ON THE GEOGRAPHICALLY SAFE PLACES; HAZARDS PARKS, GREEN SPOTS;

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

CITY LEVEL RECONSTRUCTION THE MAIN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURES THROUGH THE DYNAMICALLY CHANGING STABLE STRUCTURES IN A PLASTIC OR ELASTIC WAY. WHICH CAN ADAPT TO NEGATIVE EVENTS BOTH FROM INSIDE AS WELL FROM THE OUTSIDE OF A CITY;

REGIONAL LEVEL

THE TOTALL RESILIENCE REGIONAL STRATEGY WHICH LINKS EVERY RESILIENT STRUCTURES AND ELEMENTS TOGETHER

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

URBAN PROFILE

THE SECOND RESILIENT ASPECT OF THE P-D TRANSFORMATION IS THE CONSIDERATION OF THE SPECIFIC URBAN PROFILE OF THE DAMAGED PLACE ITS HISTORY AND TRADITIONS ITS URBAN AND BUILDING SCALE AND OF COURSE A REAL POSITION OF ITS RESIDENTS

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

A #3

A #2

IX INU Study Day

COOPERATION

THE THIRD PERSPECTIVE LIES ON THE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE MAIN PARTS OF THE GOVERNANCE AUTHORITY AND STAKEHOLDERS THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR AN ISSUE, METHOD AND PROCESS OF POST-DISASTER PLANNING AND RECOVERY.

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

4.CONCLUSION To start moving forward; Requalification of post-disaster mechanism;

©postplanjer

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

IX INU Study Day

INTE G R AT E RE SILIEN CE

THE POST-DISASTER MECHANISM DIRECTS TO THE URBAN PREVENTION AND RECOVERY OF DAMAGED URBAN AREAS IS UNABLE TO COPE ALONE. THE KEY ROLE OF URBAN RESILIENT FRAMEWORK ACTUALLY LIES BETWEEN TWO CLUSTERS OF TOP-DOWN APPROACH AND BOTTOM-UP TRAJECTORY, WHICH WAS MISSING IN THE CASE OF P-D RECOVERY IN CHINA .

ONLY REGULATION OF BUILDING CODES, RECOVERY OR RECONSTRUCTION OF DAMAGED URBAN AREAS AND BUILDING STRUCTURES ARE NO MORE SUFFICIENT. WE SHOULD START TO MOVING FORWARD, THROUGH DYNAMIC CLIMATE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES , BOTH AS FOR LONG-TERM ADAPTATION AS WELL AS FOR EXTREME NEGATIVE OCCURENCES, RATHER THAN TO SECURE OURSELVES FROM UNKNOWN.

“Blue and Green Infrastructures, Virtual, Cultural and Social Networks”

THA NK YOU