JOY FEELINGS MAGAZINE

Meghan Merkel engaged to Prince Harry!

February issue 2018

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CONTENTS OF JOY FEELINGS MAGAZINE Fashion and beauty:  Joy health: Entertainment: 

what to wear to a date

treating the cold and flu



Prince

Harry royal engagement

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 A DETAILED HISTORY OF PRINCE HARRY AND MEGHAN MARKLE'S RELATIONSHIP

 Prince Harry, Britain‟s most eligible bachelor, is no longer quite so eligible following the announcement of his engagement to California-born actress and United Nations advocate Meghan Markle.

The newly-engaged pair, who revealed their engagement on Nov.27, dated for at least 15 months before Prince Harry popped the question. Despite having their relationship under heavy scrutiny by the international 3 Joy feelings!

press, the couple has made a valiant attempt at keeping their romance as private as possible, appearing in public just a handful of times together since confirming their union.

Here‟s what you need to know about the royal relationship on everyone‟s lips: How did Prince Harry and Meghan Markle meet?

Prince Harry, 33, and Los Angeles-born Markle, 36, met for the first time in London in July 2016, when they were introduced by a mutual friend, Markle confirmed in an interview with Vanity Fair in September.

How long have Prince Harry and Meghan Markle dated?

A close friend of Harry‟s confirmed to PEOPLE in late October 2016 that the pair had been dating seriously for around two months, meaning as of Nov. 2017 the pair have been together for roughly 15 months.

On Nov. 8 2016, the Royal Kensington Palace released a public statement in which Markle was referred to as Harry‟s girlfriend for the first time. The unprecedented statement condemned the “wave of abuse and harassment” Markle had been subjected to. “Prince Harry is worried about Ms. Markle‟s safety and is deeply disappointed that he has not been able to protect her,” it 4 Joy feelings!

said. “It is not right that a few months into a relationship with him that Ms. Markle should be subjected to such a storm.”

Kensington Palace has issued a statement this morning about the harassment currently being experienced by Meghan Markle and her family. pic.twitter.com/EuFZ4fmUIj — Kensington Palace (@KensingtonRoyal) November 8, 2016 When have Prince Harry and Meghan Markle appeared together in public?

Prince Harry and Markle were photographed in public together for the first time in Dec. 2016, shopping for a Christmas tree at the Pines and Needles store in London.

A few days later they were spotted while on a date to see the hit play The Curious Incident of the Dog in the NightTime in London‟s West End. The week before, Harry had made a 1,700-mile detour from his tour of the Caribbean to visit Markle at her Toronto home.

Markle attended her first public event with Harry in May this year, at the Coworth Park Polo Club in Ascot, England. Later that month, she attended part of the wedding of Kate Middleton‟s sister, Pippa, to financier James Matthews. Harry was photographed driving the actress into the Middleton home later that day after 5 Joy feelings!

picking her up from London after the ceremony. In March, Markle joined Prince Harry at a wedding in Jamaica for one of his close friends.

The pair made their first public appearance together at the opening ceremony of the international Invictus Games in Toronto, Canada, in September. They held hands at a wheelchair tennis event and spent time with Markle‟s mother, Doria.

Meghan Markle and Prince Harry attend wheelchair tennis on day 3 of the Invictus Games Toronto 2017 on September 25, 2017 in Toronto, Canada.

Samir Hussein/WireImage What have they said about each other?

Markle commented on her relationship for the first time in September, in her interview with Vanity Fair in which she referred to Harry as her “boyfriend” numerous times.

“We‟re a couple,” she told the magazine. “We‟re in love.

I‟m sure there will be a time when we will have to come forward and present ourselves and have stories to tell, but I hope what people will understand is that this is our time.”

She added: “This is for us. It‟s part of what makes it so special, that it‟s just ours. But we‟re happy. Personally, I love a great love story.”

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Prince Harry has not commented about the relationship quite as candidly as Markle; however, he did tell competitors at the Invictus Games in September that his girlfriend was “loving” the event. “I asked him how his girlfriend was enjoying it and he said „she loves it, she‟s loving the games,‟ which is awesome,” former U.S. air force master sergeant Kyle Burnett told reporters. It was the first time the Prince publicly spoke about Markle following the strongly-worded statement the Kensington Palace issued in November.

The pair have hinted at their feelings towards each other in non-vocal ways. In February this year, Prince Harry was seen wearing his half of a matching His & Hers bracelet set on the cover of Town and Country magazine.

The resemblance of the blue-beaded piece of jewelry to a bracelet Markle was pictured wearing on her Instagram page two months before was no coincidence.

What will Prince Harry and Markle’s wedding be like?

The event will take place in Spring 2018, but details about the nuptials remain under wraps. Prince Harry and Markle could opt for a large royal wedding like Prince William and Duchess Kate‟s 2011 nuptials or choose a low-key ceremony somewhere outside of London, such as St. George‟s Chapel at Windsor Castle, where Harry‟s father, 7 Joy feelings!

Prince Charles, had a service of blessing with his second wife, Camilla Parker Bowles, in 2005.

As for the honeymoon, Antigua‟s Prime Minister invited Harry to spend his honeymoon on the Caribbean islands of Antigua and Barbuda during a visit in Nov. 2016 (making the royal turn “bright red,” according to sources on the ground). Sadly, the islands were badly hit by this year‟s hurricane season so the royal couple might have to look elsewhere.

EVERYONE PRINCE HARRY DATED BEFORE MEGHAN MERKEL

Ellie Goulding

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Prince Harry and Ellie Goulding were never official, but rumors about the pair circulated after they were reportedly spotted kissing under a blanket at the Audi Polo Challenge in June 2016 (the photo here is from 2014).

Several months later, she was asked on live TV if she was having Harry's baby; she said no.

Cressida Bonas

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Prince Harry dated Cressida Bonas from 2012 to 2014, after reportedly being introduced by his cousin Princess Eugenie. She later admitted in an interview that she felt "pigeonholed" after dating a royal, especially as someone trying to make a name for herself as an actress (she's starred in The Bye Bye Man and Tulip Fever).

Mollie King

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Mollie King, a singer for girl group the Saturdays, said in 2012 that she'd gone out with Prince Harry "for a drink."

Prince Harry reportedly ended things with her because she was too forthcoming about their relationship

Florence Brudenell-Bruce

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Florence dated Prince Harry briefly in 2011, but they ended things around the time he started his helicopter training with the Army Air Corps. Florence, a model, later married banker Henry St. George Caroline Flack

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X Factor host Caroline Flack, who was also once linked to Harry Styles, said that she dated Prince Harry in 2009 after meeting through mutual friends. In her book Storm in a C Cup, she wrote that they had to stop seeing one another after the story got out.

Chelsy Davy

Chelsy and Harry dated on and off from 2004 to 2010 after meeting at school, and in 2011, she attended Prince William's wedding to Kate Middleton. Chelsy worked as 18 Joy feelings!

a lawyer for a few years after getting her law degree at Leeds University, but she later gave up law to launch a jewelry brand called Aya.

Natalie Pinkham

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Though their relationship was never official, TV presenter Natalie Pinkham was linked to Prince Harry circa 2003.

They reportedly remained friends after things cooled off, and in 2012, she married Owain Walbyoff. She now reports on Formula One racing for Sky.

Astrid Harbord

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Prince Harry was linked to Astrid Harbord, a friend of Kate Middleton's, in 2009 after they were seen out together in London.

Camilla Romestrand

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After his split with Chelsy Davy, Prince Harry was linked to Norwegian singer Camilla Romestrand, frontwoman for the band Eddie the Gun. In 2010, CBS reported that Camilla had told friends she'd spent the night at Clarence House, where Harry served her breakfast in bed. (Prince Harry never confirmed this.)

Cassie Sumner Model Cassie Sumner claimed to have had a one-night flirtation with Harry in 2004, when he was 19. She told her story, also never confirmed by Harry, in a very detailed newspaper interview.

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The Best Outfits to Wear on a Date — Tried and Tested Have you ever wondered But for the days you do what your SO actually want to make a good thinks about your new impression, we tapped overalls? And what our own editors and about when you're asked them to check in getting ready for a with their nearest and dinner date, but you're dearest. The result? A just not sure what dress lengthy, helpful, and will really bring the wow oftentimes hilarious list factor? It can be tough of outfits the men in our to create a look your lives just can't get partner loves and you're enough of. Some of these into, too — and frankly, (totally unedited) sometimes we don't responses will surprise really care about you, some won't at all, appearing "sexy" or and others just might getting approval from inspire you. Read on for the guy or gal sitting 18 styling tips, straight across the table. from our SOs.

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First Date Dos and Don’ts: Surefire Style Tips and Fashion Faux Pas

It’s your classic movie montage moment: girl gets ready for date with boy and tries on everything in her closet before finally emerging in an amazing ensemble, her bedroom now carpeted with the contents of her closet.

She breezes down the stairs to meet her jawdropped suitor, as though she’d thrown on the first thing she saw.

extend the metaphor, you want your date to be a romance, not a comedy, drama or horror flick! Here are a few dos and don’ts to make sure you stay on genre: DO look your best. This is a first impression of sorts, so while you don’t need to reenact the above-mentioned montage, take the time to style your hair, check your teeth for lipstick stains and your dress for wrinkles, and break out

Even in the movies, looking motion-picture perfect isn’t easy. But to 35 Joy feelings!

a signature piece that shows some personality—a flattering wrap dress, chic cropped jacket or haute pair of leather knee-high boots will do the trick.

undo hours of housekeeping. A frantic, last-minute dash to get date ready will leave you frantic and frazzled— not the ideal state of mind for the already anxiety-inducing event of a first date. You’ll be able to answer the door calm, confident and not covered in sweat. Try on your outfit a day in advance and walk around in it, especially if it’s new, so you’ve tested to avoid any wardrobe malfunctions.

DON’T overdo it. Yes, you may want to step it up a notch in the hair, makeup and ensemble departments, but don’t reinvent—this is not the time to try that gelled-up faux-hawk or layer on the multi-colored eye makeup (unless your look is already modern punk). You’ll look like you tried too hard, and your date might get a little scared.

A Li’l Tip: you can create a Personal Shop at MyShape.com that will style outfits just for you, matched to your measurements and fit and style preferences, so you can just click to order a head-to-toe look

DO plan your look. This will pay off huge. First, you won’t have to tear apart your dresser and 36 Joy feelings!

you’re sure to turn heads DON’T ask your date what he’s going to wear.

Unless you’re going to a costume party or a wedding, this may read as an early sign of codependence, or he’ll think you’re a control freak. He’s not your girlfriend…but you may one day become his. Feel free to run a few looks by a gal pal, but leave him out of it, at least for now. If you’re not sure what the dress code is for a particular event, make a general inquiry in the vein of ―Is this a formal affair or more casual?‖ That way you can avoid over or underdressing without his thinking you don’t know how to dress yourself.

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DO dress with him in mind. Use what you already know to make strategic choices. For example: if your date is shorter in height, maybe opt for flats over fourinch stilettos. There’s nothing wrong with a woman being taller than her man, but until you get to know him better, it’s best to be sensitive and not tower over him in case it’s something he’s self-conscious about.

If he seems reserved, choose an outfit in the slightly more conservative range. This can be done fashionably without compromising your personal style— layering is a huge trend this season, so instead of that plunging halter 37

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dress, pick a jersey dress, layer with a blazer or slouchy sweater, and wrap an over-sized scarf loosely around the neck.

your car and sees your daisy-shaped airfreshener and ―Powerpuff Girls‖ bumper sticker, he’ll either think you’re a car thief or have multiple personalities. Being yourself is the best thing you can do on a first date, even though it’s easier said than done. So if a Nanette Lepore baby doll dress is your style, that’s exactly what you should wear.

DON’T try to be what you think he wants you to be. Attempting to get a read on exactly what your date is attracted to is a great way to sabotage your chances at easing into a relationship when the real you inevitably emerges. If your style is more feminine but you think he’s into a rock-and-roll girl, don’t show up in head-to-toe Joan Jett leather or, worse, a concert tee featuring his favorite band. You won’t be able to back it up in conversation, he’ll see right through it, and when he walks you to

If you’re still trying to find your signature style, have trouble finding clothes that fit or just don’t have a gift for styling outfits, completing a style profileat myShape is like having your own personal shopper.

Getting your date style 38

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up to, well, ―date,‖ is easy and fun with your own Personal Shop.

Break the Ice In Any Situation with These 10 Conversation Starters

Whether you want to start a conversation with a new guy or girl, or you want to get a meeting off to a great start, a good ice breaker can help you make a memorable first impression. It can turn that first encounter with

someone new into something wonderful— maybe even a lasting friendship or valuable partnership.

A bad ice breaker, however, can be a recipe for disaster. It can spiral 39

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out of control pretty quickly and at best be a terrible waste of time— or worse, an embarrassment for everyone involved. So, how do you start a meaningful conversation with someone new and avoid embarrassments or awkward moments of silence? Where do you begin?

attentively to the other person’s responses because this can make or break your follow-up questions. To help you out with ideas for starting a conversation, here are ten of the most effective ice breakers you can use in different scenarios to get a conversation off and running.

Understand that it's normal to feel a bit nervous when approaching someone new. Everyone gets a little shy at first—after all, you don’t know what this other person is like.

Start by filling your idea vault with possible ice breakers to start a conversation, and followup questions to sustain the conversation. Listen

―How Are You Doing Today?‖ A genuine hello accompanied by a heartwarming, three second smile is one of the most basic, highly effective ice breakers there is. Often, we brush simple things aside as being too simple not realizing the simplest

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things can have the biggest impact in life.

The person receiving the compliment will thank you and possibly say something nice about you in return. In doing this, a dialogue begins.

Keep the dialogue going by asking a question like ―Where did you buy the earrings? I really like them.‖

Think about the people who say ―good morning‖ or ―howdy‖ to their neighbors. This simple greeting is usually followed up with ―how are you‖ or ―how are the kids?‖ Before long, the two parties are talking about their families and even favorite sports teams.

―Does This Shop Always Have Such Long Lines?‖ Simply commenting on an unpleasant or uncomfortable situation that you both experience in your immediate surroundings is another effective strategy for starting a conversation.

You can comment about a long bathroom line or wobbly waiting-room chair.

―Nice Earrings!‖ This comment represents a classic technique that is quite effective for starting a conversation.

Regardless of whom you are talking to, saying something genuinely nice about their outfit, accessories, or even mood will usually be received well.

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By focusing on an unpleasant situation that you both find yourselves in and subtly complaining about it, you cleverly suck the other person into an unwitting pact that unites both of you against a common enemy.

Once the person responds, you can ease into the conversation with ―small talk‖ like, ―The wind is so strong; it nearly blew me over!‖ ―Oh, Did You Hear About…‖ Kick-start a conversation with a description of an interesting, entertaining and/or funny story. Get right in to your story description and then allow the other person to make a remark or share an opinion of the story.

―Chicago Really Is the Windy City!‖ Yes. Talk about the weather. It may sound clichéd, but it works wonders in real life.

People talk about the weather all the time— it’s a topic everyone has an opinion on. Think of how you have an opinion about what dress or fashion choice is right for different weather.

If your story is interesting enough, there really is no telling where it could take the ensuing dialogue and for how long you could stretch the conversation once 42

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―That’s a Lovely Name; Are You Named After Someone?‖

your new friend gets on board. ―What Kind of Drink is That?"

This works especially well in a workplace setting, business meeting, or conference where people are wearing name tags. If he or she has an interesting name, walk up to them and say something like, ―Camille, lovely name. What’s the origin of the name?‖ She’ll probably be excited to tell you about her name and before you know it, a conversation has ensued.

People love eating and drinking. If the person you want to start a conversation with has a nice-looking drink or a delicious-looking burger, comment on how delicious (or not delicious) the burger is.

Alternatively ask what kind of drink he or she’s having.

When he or she replies, follow up with something like ―Do you really like it?‖ or "Can I buy you another?‖ Introduce yourself and don’t forget to flash your best smile.

―Hello, Do You Work Here?‖ This also works well at a workplace or business setting where people are wearing name tags. Even if you know the answer, 43

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That said, unless you’re really confident about your joke-telling skills, it’s probably a good idea to avoid them or start with a self-deprecating joke. You can’t possibly offend yourself, can you?

ask whether he or she works there anyway. If you know some people who work at his or her company or retail store, mention them.

Follow up with related questions like, ―What do you do here?‖; ―Have you been working here a long time?‖; ―Do you like it here?‖; ―What’s your favorite/worst part of your job?

―Excuse Me, I Just Thought I Should Come Over and Talk to You.‖ Sometimes the best and most fun ice breaker is honesty. Walk up to him or her and just be honest. Tell him or her that you want to talk.

Point out how awkward and funny the situation actually is for both of you and that you are trying to make the best of it. Honesty really can be the best policy.

―People Call Me David, but You Can Call Me TONIGHT.‖ Okay, telling a joke is easier said than done.

Jokes can be tricky, but they’re some of the best conversations starters to throw at someone new.

They help the other person see a witty, fun side of your personality.

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4 SURPRISING WAYS TO BREAK THE ICE

During those first few dates, you’re likely to find yourself with a man who is more nervous – and tongue tied – than you are. Here are five different ways to break the ice, open his heart, and start the spark of romance.

First dates are our chance to create an initial connection with a man, and see if we are a good fit. We trot out our best stories and questions to make a great first impression, and we avoid uncomfortable silence at all costs.

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But these strategies aren’t real ways to start a connection with a man.

In fact, they feel more like an interview than a romantic experience. If you really want to get the conversation flowing, focus instead on connecting to his heart by being vulnerable and authentic. Here’s how.

TIP #1: ASK HIM ABOUT A PERSONAL DETAIL Rather than asking him about his job or where he lives, ask him about a personal detail that opens the door to unusual conversation.

It’s a great way to find out more about him and let him know you’re interested.

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So say something about his class ring or the shoes he’s wearing. Chances are, there’s a story there; and he’ll welcome the TIP #2: ASK HIM TO ASK YOU

opportunity to share it.

It will feel more spontaneous and refreshing, because it isn’t the same old conversation starter. this will keep you chatting away. The fact that you’re open to revealing stuff about yourself will also give him the impression that you’re spontaneous and comfortable in your own skin, and this is very attractive.

A good way to communicate your openness and find out what’s on his mind is to ask him: ―Is there anything you’d like to know about me?‖ Doing this gives you great insight into his personality. You’re letting him lead the conversation so he feels you’re open to him, and you’re also learning about what matters to him. He’ll probably turn it around and ask you to do the same, and

TIP #3: ADMIT YOU’RE NERVOUS

It’s normal to think that we have to seem upbeat and at ease on a first date, so we try to cover up our nerves and discomfort. But this just 47

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creates an artificial experience between the two of you, and causes you to miss a real opportunity for connection.

the fact that you expressed your true feelings will let him see that he doesn’t have to be a mind reader with you…and it will touch his heart.

One of the quickest ways to put him at ease – and instantly connect with his heart – is to confess what you’re really feeling. So if you feel nervous, tell him! You can say something like: ―You know, I’m feeling really nervous here. I felt we had a great connection online, and now I’m not sure what to say,‖

TIP #4: GET COMFORTABLE WITH SILENCE This tip is the hardest to get used to, but the most powerful.

When people are nervous, they tend to create small talk. Small talk will help pass the time, but it won’t help you make a heart connection with him, because you’re just sharing facts rather than engaging with him on a more personal level. So let go of the need to carry the conversation,

There’s a good chance he’ll venture that he’s having the same problem, and then you’ll have something in common! What’s more, 48 Joy feelings!

and challenge yourself to sit with the silence. Know that you don’t need to speak.

reveal about yourself and your true feelings, the more he’ll feel comfortable opening up about himself. If you keep this in mind, you’ll find that your next first date will be much more enjoyable. You will have learned something meaningful about another person. Even if you decide it’s not a romantic fit after all, you’ll have also gained valuable practice in how to open yourself up to the right man.

Instead smile, relax your shoulders, and get comfortable. Just doing this will take the pressure off him, because he’ll feel that you’re okay being in his presence. He’ll feel accepted, and that’s when he’ll feel safe enough to trust you and relax. Gradually, you’ll find yourself sharing a true heart to heart.

To learn how to keep the attraction flowing – and the romance building – from that first meeting all the way through commitment and beyond, subscribe to Rori’s free relationship advice free e-newsletter.

Much of the pressure from first dates comes from testing to see if we can trust this person enough to start revealing who we are. But it really works the opposite way. The more you 49 Joy feelings!

You’ll learn how to use your feelings to draw a man closer, inspire his devotion, and pave the way for the relationship of a lifetime.

Are you fed up with your stubborn cough? There are many reasons why a cough may not improve, and that can be frustrating for people and their doctors alike.

Reason 1: Irritated Airways After a Cold or Flu 50 Joy feelings!

The most common cause of chronic cough is predictable. It's the aftermath of a cold or other viral infection, says Norman H. Edelman, MD, chief medical officer of the American Lung Association. Most cold symptoms may go away after a few days.

Your cough, though, can hang around for weeks because viruses can cause your airways to become swollen and oversensitive. This can last long after the virus is gone.

have asthma during a cold.

Acid reflux and obstructive sleep apnea can also cause a chronic cough. Fortunately, these conditions are treatable.

See your doctor for diagnosis and treatment if you have symptoms of acid reflux, including: Reason 3: Stress Stress, especially when it's chronic, can make colds last longer. To beat back a lingering cough, slow down and ease stress while you're sick.

Pushing yourself too hard might just make you sicker. One way to relax is to rest more: Aim for 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night.

Reason 2: Underlying Health Problems Allergies and asthma are common causes of a cough. A cold can even cause an asthma attack.

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Reason 4: Not Drinking Enough Fluids

them for more than 3 days, though. If you do, when you finally stop taking them, your symptoms may be worse -- a rebound effect.

Those excess sprays make your nasal membranes swell, which triggers more congestion, postnasal drip, and coughing.

When you have a cold or the flu, you need to drink a lot of fluids. Water, juice, and soup can help loosen mucus in your airways so you can cough it up and out.

Alcohol and drinks with caffeine in them are not helpful choices because they can dehydrate you - the opposite of what you need when you're sick. Another way to add moisture to your airways is by using a saline nasal spray or a humidifier.

Reason 6: Air That's Too Dry or Too Moist "Dry air -- especially common in the winter -can irritate a cough," Edelman says. On the other hand, cranking up the humidifier too high isn't helpful, either.

Moist air can be a trigger for asthma and encourage the growth of dust mites and mold,

Reason 5: Overusing OTC Nasal Decongestant Spray Over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestant sprays may help with a stuffy nose. Don't use 52 Joy feelings!

allergens that may start you hacking.

When your airways are raw and irritated after a cold, it's easier for bacteria to invade.

Bacteria can cause sinus infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia. If you have a fever or pain along with your lingering cough, a bacterial infection could be the reason. See your doctor, as you may need to take an antibiotic

"People should aim for humidity levels of 40% to 50% in their homes, winter and summer," Edelman says.

Reason 7: Bacterial Infection Sometimes, a cold can leave behind an unwelcome parting gift. .

Reason 8: Your Blood Pressure Medicine Do you take an ACE inhibitor for high blood pressure? If so, that may be why your cough won't quit. About 1 out of 5 people who take ACE inhibitors 53 Joy feelings!

develop a chronic, dry cough as a side effect. If you have this side effect, don't just stop taking it but do talk to your doctor. Another drug may work better for you. There are many available ACE inhibitors, including:          

Aceon (perindopril) Accupril (quinapril) Altace (ramipril) Capoten (captopril) Lotensin, Lotrel (benazepril) Mavik, Tarka (trandolapril) Monopril (fosinopril) Prinivil, Zestril (lisinopril) Uniretic, Univasc (moexipril) Vasotec (enalapril)

If the generic name of your medicine or any ingredient in your combination medicine ends with "pril," there's a good chance it's an ACE inhibitor.

If your cough is severe or isn’t getting better after a week, call your doctor. Together, you can find out what’s causing your cough and make sure you get the right treatment.

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WHAT'S CAUSING THAT COUGH? TOP CAUSES AND HOW TO GET RID OF PERSISTENT AND DRY COUGHS

So your cold's long gone, but have you now been left with a lingering cough that is keeping everyone awake and annoying colleagues?

complaining that they just can't shift their persistent coughs, so what can you do?

"Coughing actually has an important purpose," explains Professor Ron Eccles, director of the Common Cold Centre at Cardiff University.

New US research shows the average time for a cough to last after a virus is an exhausting 18 days - with many coughs sticking around even longer.

"It's your body's way of keeping unwanted stuff from getting into your lungs. But unfortunately, post-virus, this irritating

GPs admitted they have been inundated over the winter with patients 55 Joy feelings!

symptom can really linger.

who often wrongly assume their cough is just par for the course."

"The majority of viral coughs are safe to treat at home, but you may need your GP's help to shift it if it develops into a secondary chest infection."

Here are the 10 most common cough causes and their treatments.

Post-viral cough Symptoms: An irritating cough following a cold.

However, some persistent coughs aren't viral at all.

Causes: It's normal to have a cough with a virus, as it's triggered by mucus draining down the back of the throat.

The inflammation this causes often stays long after the initial illness.

"Anything still bashing away after three weeks needs investigating," says Professor Stephen Spiro, medical adviser with the British Lung Foundation.

Treat it: Some 90% of cases aren't bacterial, so antibiotics won't help.

Prof Eccles advises using an over-the-counter syrup (try Covonia Chesty Cough Mixture, ÂŁ3.98, from chemists) to

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loosen phlegm, or even just a hot drink, which promotes secretions in the airways, soothing Asthma

irritation. If your sinuses are still inflamed, your GP can prescribe a steroid nose spray.

Symptoms: A chronic dry cough that's worse at night, disturbing sleep, and sometimes with wheezing and shortness of breath.

Causes: An irritating night cough is often the first sign of asthma, especially in children, but you can develop it at any age. It's also a sign asthma is worsening or not being well controlled.

Treat it: The first thing your GP will try is a blue'reliever' inhaler, which releases medication to open the airways. In more severe cases, a brown 'preventer' inhaler is prescribed, which contains a steroid to reduce airway inflammation.

Heartburn Symptoms: A 'throat' cough following a meal, or waking you at night, often with a nasty acid taste in your mouth.

Causes: Heartburn, or acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid flows back up the oesophagus, irritating 57 Joy feelings!

the throat and triggering a cough. Large or rich meals late at night are triggers.

Treat it: Sleeping with an extra pillow can help reduce the backflow of acid. If it's occasional, a simple overthe-counter anti-reflux treatment, such as Zantac, will reduce the production of stomach acid. If it's frequent, talk to your GP who may want to investigate.

Chest infection Symptoms: A hacking cough with greenish phlegm, plus a fever that follows after a cold.

Causes: A chest infection, or acute bronchitis, affects the lower airways. It's generally caused by the same viruses that cause colds, but inflammation spreads lower into the lungs, leaving the area open to attack by bacteria.

Treat it: Drink plenty of fluids and take paracetamol to reduce a fever. Because most bronchitis is caused by a virus, your doctor will only prescribe antibiotics if he suspects a secondary bacterial infection has occurred.

Whooping cough

Symptoms: Uncontrollable coughing fits, which may produce a 'whoop' sound.

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Causes: This highly contagious disease has been on the rise again in recent years, and spreads when an infected person coughs and another person inhales the bacteria. A vaccine is given to babies and since last year, pregnant women, but protection fades so you can still get it as an adult.

Treat it: Babies are at the highest risk of severe complications and death and need close monitoring. In older children and adults it's generally unpleasant, but not serious, lasting up to six weeks. Drink plenty of fluids and take ibuprofen to ease a sore throat.

Medication cough Symptoms: A dry, niggling cough, often worse at night.

Causes: ACE inhibitors, a drug used to control high blood pressure, can cause a chronic cough in 20% of patients.

Treat it: If your cough coincided with starting medication, talk to your doctor who can supply alternative blood pressure drugs.

Tuberculosis

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Symptoms: A persistent cough, often with extreme tiredness, weight loss, night sweats and coughing up blood.

Causes: Another highly infectious illness, once thought to be wiped out, current TB rates are the highest for 40 years.

Treat it: Because TB awareness is low these days, it's worth mentioning the condition to your GP if your symptoms fit those described above. If they suspect TB you'll have a skin test to check for antibodies and be sent for a lung X-ray. Treatment involves six months of strong antibiotics that cures 99% of cases.

Smokers' cough Symptoms: It's easy to get used to a 'smokers' cough' but if it changes in any way, for example, becomes more frequent or you cough up blood, it needs checking out immediately.

Causes: Smoking irritates the airways causing a cough, which in the long-term can be a sign of COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis - meaning there's irreversible damage to your airways, worsening if you continue puffing away.

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Treat it: If you're a smoker or ex-smoker with a persistent cough, your GP should send you for X-ray.

It's never too late to quit - giving up will lessen or abolish a smokers' cough in 94% of people within four weeks, and will stop the rate of deterioration in COPD cases.

Lung cancer

Symptoms: A new cough lasting longer than three weeks, a long-standing cough that gets worse, coughing up blood, unexplained breathlessness, weight loss, tiredness or chest pain.

Causes: Lung cancer is now the second most common cancer in the UK and smoking accounts for 90% of cases. Treat it: If an X-ray confirms it, treatment combining surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy depends on the stage of the cancer.

Heart problems Symptoms: Persistent coughing or wheezing, plus extreme tiredness, breathlessness on exertion and fluid retention.

Causes: When you suffer heart failure, fluid can build up in the lungs and cause a lingering cough.

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Treat it: See your GP immediately. If they suspect heart failure you'll be referred to a specialist hospital clinic for an ECG and blood tests. Treatments include ACE inhibitors to prevent fluid build-up and betablockers to slow the heart rate.

HOW TO GET RID OF THAT COUGH 1. Stay hydrated Through all of this, the best advice is to keep hydrated if you have a cold or flu – it will help with catarrh and mucus.

Keep your throat lubricated and drink plenty of fluid.

Honey is a natural antiseptic so try some warm water with honey and lemon, which can be very soothing.

2. Put your feet up as much as possible Remember to take things easy and allow your body to recover when you are under the weather.

3. Don’t just pick up what you always use It’s best to check with a healthcare assistant or pharmacist — on hand to answer questions and suggest treatments you may not have thought of, as well as give advice.

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One common way we might go wrong with selftreating is using an all-in-one cold and flu treatment.

The different preparations available on the shelf and over the counter — including Boots’ own — might include three or four different medications, some of which might be inappropriate for your symptoms.

If you have a headache you can use paracetamol, if you have a chesty cough you can have a cough mixture. In the cough and cold preparation there could be a medicine that might loosen the phlegm. If you have a dry cough you want to stop the irritating tickly cough. If you have a sore throat, you can use anaesthetic pastilles and sprays to assist with the pain.

4. Your GP won't give you antibiotics for it Although flu can be debilitating, it cannot be treated by antibiotics from your GP as it is a virus and antibiotics are only effective against bacteria.

5. Have the flu jab...if you're eligible It is urged that patients consider having one to protect themselves and others against the illness. Again, your Boots pharmacist or GP can advise whether you are eligible to have the free vaccination this year.

6. Always carry tissues 63 Joy feelings!

Germs circulate easily via sneezed and coughed-out droplets. Always carry tissues and use them to catch coughs or sneezes to stop germs spreading.

7. Practise good hygiene Viruses can also transfer to your hands from surfaces such as taps and door handles then can enter the body through the nose.

Wash your hands often and as soon as you can after sneezing or coughing.

And use antibacterial gels to stop germs spreading to family, friends and colleagues.

Know the symptoms: colds and flu 1) A cold is a milder respiratory illness than flu, with symptoms that can make you feel ill for a few days rather than flu which can last weeks.

2) Flu can result in more serious health problems such as pneumonia.

3) Cold symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, congestion and a cough. Fever is unusual in adults, more usual in children. Mucus is watery for the first few days, thicker and darker as time wears on.

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4) Flu symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, muscle aches and soreness, congestion and cough.

More severe and far longer lasting than cold symptoms.

Think outside the medicine box When we have a cold, 72% of us buy what we have always bought to treat the symptoms. There are many options to treat a range of different symptoms that you can discuss with your pharmacist.

Cold and flu Night Nurse Liquid 160ml (£5.99) Provides nighttime cold and flu relief to aid a good nights sleep* Decongestant Stérimar stop & protect cold & sinus relief nasal pump - 20ml (£6.74) Rapidly decongests and soothes the nasal passages Cough Bronchostop cough syrup 120ml (£5.99) For All Coughs, it relieves dry and chesty coughs. Exclusively based on long standing use as a traditional herbal remedy* Throat 65 Joy feelings!

Boots Pharmaceuticals anaesthetic sore throat relief Spray (£4.99) Relieves severe sore throats* 10 Ways to Strengthen Your Immune System Low Immunity Sets the Stage for Sickness Any illness, whether bacterial, fungal or viral, shows up in individuals who are ―susceptible.‖ Making healthy lifestyle choices during cold and flu season (and all year round) will help build defenses in your body so you are not susceptible to illness.

Here are several very easy, all-natural steps you can take to strengthen your immune system and arm yourself against colds and flu today.

1. Eat Probiotic Foods Did you know that 80% of your immune system is located in your gut? There are trillions of beneficial bacteria in your intestines that help you fight disease and absorb nutrients. Keeping this population healthy and strong is arguably your strongest defense against colds, flus and many other diseases.

Replenish your gut flora daily by incorporating wholesome fermented foods and drinks into your diet like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and kimchee.

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Fermenting your own vegetables is far more effective and affordable than buying probiotic supplements or other mass-marked products that only claim to boost your immunity. Not only will keeping your gut flora healthy help protect you from disease, but it can also give you better digestion.

And from real ginger beer to homemade pickles, there are so many delicious ways to enjoy probiotic foods at least once a day. (My favorite book about making probiotic foods here) 2. Eat Enough Good Food Make sure the meals you eat every day include plenty of fresh vegetables and healthy fats, and enjoy healthy snacks if you need them, so your blood sugar stays relatively even throughout the day. It takes calories (energy) to form antibodies and dispatch them to the front lines when germs invade. When your calorie intake dwindles because you don’t eat enough or you skip meals, your body prioritizes other functions while your immune system is left to operate at a deficit.

But you don’t want to eat just anything! The nutrition that you get from whole fruits and vegetables is outstanding for preventing illness. Many vitamins, including vitamin C, are antioxidants that will protect

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cells—including those of your immune system—from damage by toxins in the environment.

Dark-colored produce (berries, kale, broccoli) tends to be higher in flavonoids, polyphenols and other antioxidants. Just make sure you eat a little saturated fat from butter or coconut oil with those veggies, so you can absorb all their nutrients.

3. Get Enough Sleep Whatever amount of sleep you need to feel refreshed in the morning, whether that’s 6 hours or 10—make sure you get it! Insufficient sleep depresses the immune system, opening the door to colds, upperrespiratory infections, and other nagging ills. Also consider your caffeine intake, and don’t let it keep you from getting a good night’s sleep.

If you have a constricted airway that prevents you from sleeping deeply, Breathe-Right strips on your nose can be very helpful. If you have insomnia (which I often do), then a little warm cow’s milk (which provides tryptophan, a relaxing amino acid) or some magnesium drink can quickly and gently ensure you get a good night of rest. (My favorite book about curing insomnia here) 4. Eat More Soup 68 Joy feelings!

Your immune cells rely on an amino acid called glutamine to do their jobs. ―Glutamine comes from protein foods, and if you’re not eating enough of those, your body will borrow from skeletal muscle, especially if you’re working out,‖ says Jose Antonio, Ph.D., C.S.C.S., CEO of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. In one study, marathon runners who took glutamine instead of a placebo had less chance of experiencing an upper-respiratory infection after racing.

Broths and stocks made from grassfed beef or pastureraised chicken are outstanding sources of natural glutamine, and adding a cup a day to your diet can really boost your immune health—just like Grandma always said.

But if you are an athlete, you may need to supplement with more. After exercising, try taking either an extra cup or two of broth, or 5 to 15 grams of L-Glutamine in pill or powder form to help with recovery. Your white blood cells (and your muscles) will thank you.

5. Get Plenty of Vitamin D The majority of adults and children in the U.S. are deficient in the sunshine vitamin, putting them at greater risk for all infections. A number of recent medical trials have demonstrated that individuals with 69 Joy feelings!

the lowest levels of vitamin D had the highest rates of serious illness and infections.

You can get Vitamin D naturally by daily exposing your arms and face for 20 minutes in the sun, but most people need more than this. Good dietary sources include good old fashioned cod liver oil (my favorite, least processed brand here), grassfed beef liver, egg yolks from pasture-raised chickens, and fatty fish like salmon.

You can also buy liquid Vitamin D supplements which are very effective and easy to take.

6. Eat Mushrooms You can try shitake, maitake or other Asian mushrooms, but even the inexpensive and humble button mushroom is loaded with polysaccharides called beta glucans. Numerous medical studies have shown that beta glucans can positively modulate and strengthen the immune system and prevent infections.

You’ll want to eat those mushrooms raw and unwashed to get the most out of them.

In addition to finding it in all types of delicious, fresh mushrooms, you can also buy Beta Glucans as a supplement to take during cold and flu season.

7. Harness the Power of Plants 70 Joy feelings!

Thieves’ Oil Thieves’ oil is a legendary and ancient blend of the essential oils of clove, cinnamon, lemon, rosemary and eucalyptus. Thieves’ blend has been clinically tested and proven to be more than 99% effective against airborne bacteria (study conducted at Weber State University, 1997). It has been used to treat everything from candida and bacterial infections to toxic mold to colds and flu.

It can be used as a spray on countertops to kill germs or diffused in an oil diffuser to kill airborne bacteria.

Some people mix a few drops of Thieves with olive or coconut oil and rub it into their chest, throat and bottoms of feet to treat a cold or boost immunity all winter long. Here’s how to make it at home.

Fire Cider Fire cider is a traditional folk remedy infused with powerful anti-microbial, decongestant, and circulatory herbs and spices.

The base ingredients are apple cider vinegar, garlic, onion, ginger, horseradish, and hot peppers, which are mighty by themselves, but there are plenty of other herbs that can be added for extra strength, depending on what’s available to you.

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Fire cider needs to steep in a dark cupboard for a month to extract all the goodness from the ingredients.

After it is done brewing, adding a tablespoon of this to your diet every day can help boost your immune system, stimulate digestion, and warm you up on cold days. Here’s the recipe to make it.

Hand Sanitizer It goes without saying that you should wash your hands often during cold and flu season, especially if you are around anyone who is sick. But when you’re unable to wash your hands, a hand sanitizer is better than nothing at all.

Unfortunately, commercial hand sanitizers are filled with toxic chemicals like triclosan and phthalates that have been linked with cancer, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption.

Instead, you can make your own natural version very easily, with a high-concentration of germ-killing tea tree oil and other antibacterial botanicals. Here is the recipe to make it.

8. Drink Plenty of Water Even overnight, during what amounts to an 8-hour fast, your immune reserves are being drained.

Hydration becomes even more important when you’re 72 Joy feelings!

sick. Fluids not only transport nutrients to the illness site, but also take toxins away for disposal. Green, rooibos, or herbal tea is another immune-friendly vehicle for consuming water.

You don’t want to drink too much water though!

There is too much of a good thing here. It’s important not to dilute and wash out the important minerals and electrolytes your body needs to remain healthy.

To gauge if you are getting the right amount of water, your urine should always be straw colored or darker.

If it is clear, you are drinking too much water and slowing your metabolism down!

9. Steam Some Oysters Oysters are the richest source of zinc, which is essential for immune cell function, and many studies have shown that even a mild deficiency depresses immunity. If you’re not a fan of bivalves, grab a grassfed burger: Beef and buffalo are other good sources of zinc.

You can also get zinc from pumpkin seeds, which is the highest plant source of the mineral, but you’ll need to eat 3 whole cups of them to get the same amount of zinc that is in just 2 oysters!

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Most people are low in zinc, so you might consider supplementing with zinc gluconate. Just know that zinc is not very well absorbed in pill form, so it’s best to get it from food whenever possible.

SaveSmall Footprint Family152Small Footprint FamilyNatural Health & Alternative Medicine 10. Quit the Sugar If you do only one thing when you feel like you’re coming down with something, eliminating sugar will do the most good. Refined sugar dramatically decreases immune function. Many scientists and nutritionists consider added sugar in any form to be a drug because of its negative impact on the human body. I have known health practitioners to prioritize eliminating refined sugar from the diet over recommending that people quitting smoking!

Healthier sweeteners such as honey or stevia can be used in moderation, but avoid artificial sweeteners like Splenda or Equal; they are even more toxic than cane sugar!

Most importantly, if you are feeling like you’re ―fighting off a bug‖ or ―coming down with something,‖ avoid sugar and sweet foods until you feel better. In my experience, sugar is enough of an immune depressant that eating sweets of any kind 74 Joy feelings!

when you are a little under the weather will likely tip the scales against you, and bring on that cold or flu full strength

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