DSIII-20 - Group 8 Report - Millenium Enterprise

Millennium Enterprise

A Shared Voyage to the new world BAILEY ADAMS ETHAN BARLOW CHARLes CHADWICK MATT FOREMAN PURAB SAKHIA JOSH ZILM

Millennium Enterprise

Millennium Enterprise

A Shared Voyage to the new world

CONTENTS Research on Co-Living

Bailey Charles Ethan Matt Purab Precedents

Bailey Charles Ethan Matt Purab Survey Results Proposed Socail Mix Sharing Model Spatial Analyses Concept Design

Bailey Charles Ethan Matt Purab

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Co-Living Can it Improve Our Mental Health?

The Space 10 article ‘Can Shared Living Improve Our Mental Health and Wellbeing?’ by Architect and writer Hannah Wood, can be summarised by stating co-housing can make us happier, live longer, and overall improve our mental health quite significantly.

These spaces are commonly shared by young adults, recent divorcees, low wage workers, and frequently small families consisting of one adult and one and/or children. However, in a community where people share their own private spaces, kitchens, living rooms, and bathrooms; can also put strain on members of a household due to the lack of privacy.

When it comes to mental health, the co living environment presents many pros and cons, but it has the potential to create meaningful life long friendships, decrease your social

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isolation, and benefit not only the individual but the whole household.

Designing a shared living space can create many exciting challenges for architects due to the potential it has to positively impact individuals.

Even with modern problems such as rising living costs and undersized homes, As designers and Architects we can eliminate these issues and offer more people a choice in how, where and how long they live in a communal space, while improving mental health and wellbeing.

When discussing the Impacts of culture on Co-Living arrangements; personal health care, culture, and ethics are subsequently combined. Culture can be interpreted as the awareness, sensitivity, beliefs and cultural values of oneself. Shared living arrangements can either benefit the mental health of a household, or negatively affect the members.

Cultural empathy is a competent and practical approach to respecting the principles and ethics of a co-living housemate.

Cultural empathy allows oneself to understand and interact more fluently with diverse individuals and allows humans to develop behavioural traits that improves mental health by being more understanding of individuals that accompany them. This is seen evidently within Co-living arrangements, where an individual is being exposed to diversity frequently.

Cultural exposure influences our daily lives and affects how we socialise as individuals.

Franz Boas, known for studying the Cultural Relativism of our society stated “Culture, therefore, influences the manner we learn, live and behave. Because of this, culture is an important shaper of our personality.�

Socialising can help you become part of a larger community than you are currently in. coliving exposes individuals to various unique and cultural social groups, whether it be through events or activities, you are involved in a community within your shared co living space and building complex. This suggests that the influence of culture in the construction of one’s personality is beneficial to the mental health of an individual.

In contrast, the cultural aspect can have negative outcomes in shared living, there are two areas where there is a need for change within these communities. Racism and general altercations among residents. Working with conflict and emotional energy in a community is essential to creating a positive cultural infrastructure.

Living in these shared communities has significant potential to provide growth and transformation for an individual, and positively increase their mental health. Therefore, the cultural significance of coliving and the effect it has on a communities and/or individuals mental health is mostly positive. It can encourage a positive development to a personality and in addition can contribute to their beliefs and individual values.

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Co-Living

Bailey Adams Cultrural Impact on Co-Living

Co-Living

Effects of Co-Living on Mentally Ill Charles Chadwick Co-living provides people with interactions and insight into the lives of those around them, this brings new experiences which many don’t normally experience when living with family.

Two years ago, this provided 9 students (supported by 10 family members, 11 medical staff and 6 teachers) the opportunity to see into the lives of 15 schizophrenic patients during a co-housing experiment.

This experiment lasted four days and the patients did not want to waste their opportunity to show that they could in fact live with healthy people., Giving students a chance to interact with these patients and vice versa for the span of four whole days gave them a chance to co-exist with the other. This gave the students new perspectives of what severe mental illness was, broke down their preconceived ideas and engaged with the patients. This experiment was undertaken to change the public’s opinion of mental health issues, and has shown that co-living is a useful medium to show people how to live with one-another. In a coliving environment, people come from different back-

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grounds, those backgrounds can consist of a mental illness, so it’s important to be able to interact with these people and be able to colive with eachothers differences.

Peter McPherson, Joanna Krotofil, and Helen Killaspy studied 115 papers in the housing and deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients.

“There was strong evidence for improvement or a lack of deterioration in the severity of symptoms of mental illness for patients who were discharged to community-based supported accommodation settings from large institutions.’

McPherson, Krotofil and Killaspy came to the findings that community based accommodations were quite effective for housing the mentally ill, and that in more restrictive environments, the patients were worse-off.

“A number of high and moderate quality studies seemed to indicate that more restrictive settings, such as nursing homes were associated with poorer outcomes, with some demonstrating a worsening of symptoms in patients discharged to these environments.’

Whilst co-living is often well documented as having many positives on a person’s social interactions and mental wellbeing, there are several cases where co-living environments have had a negative impact on their inhabitants’ mental health.

One of the most important parts of any co-living environment is its inhabitants, especially for those spaces focused on short-term accommodation. The constant flow of people in and out of co-living environments may create anxiety in inhabitants from the risk that new unknown residents present.

The high turnover of residents in some co-living spaces may destabilise the creation of a healthy community with long-held ideals, and create the sense that social interactions are only relevant in the short-term. In some, this may lead to a social disconnect and discourage residents from meaningful social interaction.

Similarly, in co-living spaces that focus on long-term accommodation, all social interaction has the potential for long reaching consequences. And poorly managed disagreements will remain present the community. As such traditions and rules become entrenched in communities leading to a strict set social

guidelines defining an acceptable way to live.

This may be grating for some and lead to discomfort and anxiety within the resident’s home.

A common factor of co-living spaces is shared bills. In some systems the cost of water, electricity, food and internet is determined based on group demand. This causes an unstable cost of renting, and can foster resentment towards co-inhabitants, and contribute to sustained irritation and anxiety.

Part of the appeal of co-living spaces is the minor social interactions that are guaranteed between residents. In a global workplace that has seen a shift towards working from home, the co-living environment is often seen as an effective method for combating loneliness.

Overall, poorly managed co-living environments without proper vetting of residents may generate stress, anger, anxiety and a social disconnect within inhabitants. It is important for a future resident to be compatible with the lifestyle and traditions of the community they are joining.

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Co-Living

Ethan Barlow Problems With Co-Living

Co-Living

Co-Living in Residential Colleges Matt Foreman Residential Colleges house students who typically study at higher education organisations. Individuals’ experiences of residential college life can vary on a case to case basis. The physical and social construct of the environment can add or detract from people’s experience with mental health and wellbeing, specifically looking at transitional effects, prevalence of alcohol, student hierarchy, pressure of fitting in, support system and leadership.

A large percentage of residents at residential colleges are from remote and/or regional origins, which presents a variety of risk factors such as academic pressures, financial pressures, relocation, transitional stress, drug and alcohol, poor diet and lack of sleep.

Residential Colleges typically house towards the younger age bracket with over ¾ between the ages of 18-21.

Specifically students are among the most vulnerable to mental health with 83.2% of students report feeling stressed, 59.2% reported feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, and a devastating 35.4% thought of self-harm or suicide.

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Present in residential colleges are the prevalence of student hierarchy, normally associated with tenure and popularity. A hierarchy can contradict the good and ethical leaderships put in place by the colleges and undermines the inclusiveness of the college. Student hierarchy can cause an inequality between residents and abuse of power.

In residential colleges the prevalence of alcohol is at a serve rate. University students consume quantities of alcohol that are ‘hazardous’ or ‘harmful’. A recent study found that 46.6% of students were drinking at harmful/hazardous levels. High consumption of alcohol in college can result in students being at risk to themselves and others. A number of studies have found that alcohol-related sexual assault is a ‘common occurance on college campuses’ Improving the social environment requires more than just staff and leaders spreading awareness of potential issues, but require collective and individual action by councils, staff, student leaders and students to change and embrace the culture surrounding specific topics such as mental health, sexaul assualt and harrasment, alcohol abuse and General well being.

General Benefits of Co-Living.

• It’s easy to get to know people and find new business opportunities.

• Tenants are not tied to long leases. This continuous rotation enriches co-living with new experiences and points of view.

• Usually spring up in city centres so their inhabitants can walk, cycle or use public transport. They also use renewable energy and keep plastic use to a minimum.

• They’re conceived and equipped to encourage creativity, innovation and teamwork, 24 hours a day.

•They encourage professional cooperation and the creation of complementary projects to everyone’s benefit.

• It’s common to find a mix of residents of different nationalities, ethnicities and cultures, further enriching the experience and enterprise.

Long Term benfits of Co-Living • Support each other through difficult life circumstances.

• There is a focus on long-term relationships and people work collaboratively to resolve conflict.

• Shared work helps build rapport and trust

amongst the residents, and the consistent and frequent interactions help us create a strong social web which enables us to live longer.

Short Term Co-Living Benefits • Meet and get to know like-minded individuals • Join other residents for excursions and outings • If not comfortable, you can shift to another place for your peace of mind • Facilitate everyday interactions between residents • When it comes to mental health, co-living presents both opportunities and challenges.

It has the potential to create new meaningful social connections — in this case, a network of potentially supportive friends — which decreases social isolation and is therefore beneficial both for our individual and collective mental health • However, poorly designed, cramped accommodation with high rents and a lack of privacy may sometimes increase distress, as can strained relationships with fellow co-dwellers.

• Co-living may induce stressors, including a lack of privacy and spaces for individual use, which also impacts wellbeing

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Co-Living

Purab Sakhia Benefits Of Co-Living

Japanese Capsule Hotels

Japanese Capsule Hotels are renowned for their unique and futuristic theming. Designed to simulate a sleeping quarter from a Sci-fi movie, they also accomodate to those who are seeking a temporary co-living experience.

Capsule hotels target a clientele that seek a low budget, single night stay, while most guests typically stay for more than one night.

Capsule hotels are designed to cater a wide range of occupants, whether it be businessmen, singles, or couples, sleeping floors are separated accordingly for these categories.

The standard sleeping pod is made from fiberglass and is typically 1200mm x 2000mm x 1000m. They are designed in such a way so multiple pods can be stacked on top of each other, easily fitting 10 or more capsules in a small space. The facilities provided that surround the capsules include washrooms, toilets, showers, and a large communal living space that features multiple chairs and a large TV for the guests to enjoy. Furthermore, these hotels feature vending machines, multiple entertainment rooms, occasionally libraries, and more important laundry facilities.

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Community Walking Paths

Community Converge Areas

Due to the overall design of the capsules in these hotels, many guests experience claustrophobia, and compare them to sleeping in a corpse morgue drawer. Another disadvantage that these hotels face is that many do not feature air conditioning within the capsules themselves. Although they feature a Tv and free WiFi, air conditioning is an essential to most guests.

Lastly, many capsules have been designed that when a neighbour pod is occupied, the guests within them can bump through the wall and transmit sounds due to the thin walls, disturbing many guests. However many guests’ experiences have been very positive due to the socialising that occurs and the unique experience of sleeping in an isolated pod.

Community Facilities

Bailey Adams

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Precedents

Community Sleeping Areas

Military Base / A-Lab

A-Labs design of a Norway-military base bordering Russia. This precedent fit the design brief in terms of combining work, recreation and isolation.

The design challenge was to create a cohesive complex where work and private life coexist, and where military services meet the civil community.

The military barracks are an efficient system of housing persons from a line of work for flexible periods of time often consisting of modular arrangements as the number of soldiers can change drastically. The barracks are a co-living design, utilizing compact living spaces, shared dining spaces (canteens), bathrooms and recreational spaces.

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The A-labs military base consists of ‘blocks’ of spaces, which are then subdivided into those spaces functions; for example, the canteen ‘block’ is divided into 5 even parts for seating and serving efficiency.

The accommodation is also efficient yet gives the occupants some degree of homeliness.

These rooms are not individual but provide the necessities for up to four people including storage, coffee table and 1 toilet per five people.

It’s the industrial aspect that appeals to my interpretation of the design brief, the way these areas fit together shows a basic floor plan in an efficient layout with the necessary recreational spaces which are important to the physical and mental well-being of the inhabitants of this site. This ‘simple-efficiency’ is something I will focus on in my design.

Precedents Charles Chadwick

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Martian Habitat

The HASSELL & EOC Mars Habitat is a proposed self-sustaining co-living complex consisting of six large habitable pods and six smaller service pods.

The project envisions a design that provides a stable platform for the first Martian colonists to explore, research and pave the way for future colonisation of Mars.

Following this directive, the design is optimized for long term habitation and communal living, giving comprehensive study towards creating a comfortable environment for astronauts.

To this effect the designers created a rack system through which most interior furniture and equipment is hung, giving each astronaut the ability to reconfigure internal spaces and personalise their environment.

The six habitable pods are flexible regarding their primary functions of fabrication lab, hydroponics lab, general workspace, communal lounge, living quarters and a server room, and therefore offer a more resilient design to unexpected challenges encountered in colonisation.

The habitat explores the limits of autonomous 3D printing technology to build a protective shell against radiation and small meteors. The shell is printed from locally mined Martian regolith through which the project increases its energy efficiency in both construction and maintenance. The protective shell makes the use of prefabricated inflatable structures for the interior pods a viable solution for maintaining an atmosphere within the habitat.

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Precedents Ethan Barlow

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The International Space Station

The International Space station reflects the extremes of communal living, with missions typically lasting around 6 months, though some closer to a year. These consist of long periods of isolation and confinement. There are at least three to six crew members aboard at all times, with astronauts coming from the US, Russia, Japan, Canada and Europe. NASA Success of these missions and future missions will need to rely on effective teamwork.

Having realtime space to ground communication with flight controllers and surgeons; and psychological support personnel in the Mission Control Center is essential.This social, psychological and medical support helps maintain individual wellbeing among astronauts and helps promote team cohesion during ISS mission.

Two major considerations among selecting an Astronaut are (a) the suitability of the applicant to the demanding and complex job of an astronaut, and (b) the suitability of the applicant to working as part of a team in an extreme environment. NASA has historically paid more

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attention to the latter. Teamwork, communication, leadership capability, and group living were among the team-oriented proficiencies that were identified as critical for ISS missions.

The SMEs (Subject Matters Experts) rated teamwork and competencies enhancing team functioning (Small group living) among highly important for the success of Mars-like Missions.

Personality tests have been included in the assessments of astronaut candidates. Emotional stability has been identified as a critical trait for an astronaut. Teamwork and leadership testing was prevalent in the selection process.

Node 2 (Harmony) provides crew quarters for 4 crew members, distributes electricity, heating, cooling and support of the data and video with earth and the rest of the ISS Node 3 (Tranquility), provides air revitalization, oxygen generation, carbon dioxide removal, water recovery systems. It also contains a bathroom and exercising equipment.

The Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM) holds up to 16 racks containing equipment,

experiments and supplies and has additional storage space.

The Cupola, an Italian term for ‘dome’ provides the ISS with 6 windows on the earth facing side of Node 3, the cupola can contain upto 2 crew members. The cupola provides visualization of operations outside of the International Space Station.

The Layout and facilities of the ISS focus on the functional aspect of being in space, the primary focus of the station is to serve as a space environment research laboratory in which astronauts can conduct experiments. The environment being purely focused on research is not conducive to people’s mental health and well being.

Precedents

The Layout of the International Space Station largely consists of laboratories for research and testing, crew quarters, sustaining facilities (oxygen generators, photovoltaic arrays), gym equipment, bathrooms, additional storage and docking.

Matt Foreman

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PENTLAND HILLS / Uni of california

Pentland is located between two traditional-style housing Lothian and Aberdeen Inverness. It provides housing to more than 12000 students and is always a super quiet place.

It has a high-security system with Id lock at the main door of the suite and two keylock systems until you reach the room. It is a three-story building with an elevator and an indoor staircase. The outer staircase leads to the 2nd floor. The area around the suits is covered with lush green grass and trees that add beauty to this luxurious housing facility.

The Pentland Hills Residence Hall is comprised of 17 buildings. Each building offers suite-style housing arrangements. Each suite has a com-

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bination of four double- or triple occupancy rooms, two toilet rooms, two shower rooms and a living room with a microwave and refrigerator.

The most common living arrangement in the residence hall is double-occupancy rooms of 11’6” X 12’6”. Triple occupancy rooms the other arrangement available have two categories, bunk-style and loft-style. Room amenities include twin bed-extra-long, desk and chair, Microwave, mini-refrigerator, high-speed internet, basic table, phone jack, and choice of a dining plan. In addition to this, community features include coed community, computer labs, study lounges, television lounges (one per suite), fitness center, Amazon lockers, etc.

Precedents Purab Sakhia

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Survey Results

One Shared House 2030 is a playful research project that aims to get insights on the future of co-living through a collaborative survey.

Each member of the Millenium Enterprise team completed the survey. The results provide insight into co-living preferences of a demographic similar to that of the group (male 20-30yrs).

There were several questions that the group unanimously agreed on.

- 4-10 People in the community.

- Pay extra for a service layer to manage household items.

- Pay for energy use based on the amount used per person This shows that paying your fair share is a high priority, and that people would rather pay extra to have expenses managed.

When asked ‘which items are you comfortable sharing long term?’ Garden, Internet, Utilities, and Common room were all agreed upon, whereas people were least comfortable sharing the Bedroom, Shower and Toilet.

Biggest Pro? 100% more ways to socialize Biggest Con? 100% lack of privacy Most important qualities? Clean, honest, considerate.

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Social Mix

Our goal is to provide engaging, comfortable public spaces for socializing within the confines of the ship, as well as suitable private spaces for all passengers undertaking the journey.

The social mix of the passengers is as follows.

- 50 couples (no kids) - 15 families of 4 (2 adults, 2 kids) - 10 families of 6 (2 grandparents, 2 adults, 2 kids) - 80 singles It will be important to provide a variety of social spaces that cater for the needs of each group. People cannot be forced to socialise.

The balance and flexibility of private and public spaces will be important as mental and physical health needs change over time.

Parents may need respite from children or grandparents. Some singles may need respite from families, others will want a lot of mixing as they are travelling alone.

Singles may or may not need the opportunity to socialise in order to establish a romantic relationship. Clear boundaries and the opportunity for people to express their need at any given time will be important.

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Sharing Model

Our approach to ownership and sharing is in the form of a topdown command structure, with all passengers having equal standing, and contributing equally to the workload.

We aim to have a strong sense of togetherness and community, by promoting social interaction and preventing isolation.

For some passengers, a sense of predictability will be important.

Knowing that a particular space will always look the same and will always be used for the same thing might be important for some people if their mental health is challenged during the trip. For others, their mental health will improve with constant change and novelty.

Noise will be considered. Some people prefer music and chatter, others prefer silence. This can also change over time.

Keeping children entertained, fit and physically and mentally engaged may require materials that they can use to create their own play/learning spaces. Shared materials that can be used for creating, making and reconstructing time and time again. This will form part of their education while on board.

Compulsory group activities will be balanced with the opportunity for alone time. The group activities will be designed by constantly changing small groups so that everyone has an opportunity to lead and have their ideas realised.

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Spacial Analyses

Private spaces on board the ship will be minimal, other than sleeping areas (eg. Japanese Pods). Kitchens and bathrooms will be communal.

All responsibilities will be shared among passengers.

Support facilities will include medical, security and storage facilities, gardens, gym and theatre.

Programs for work include cooking, teaching, childcare, cleaning Productive activities include cooking, fitness and basic trade classes (all will be helpful when arriving at Mars).

Options for entertainment will include cinema, gaming, small sporting groups, and mandatory weekly karaoke.

Community support will include doctors, counsellors and social workers.

The funding for this program is a collaboration between government and private. Elon Musk and Sir Richard Branson have already shown an interest to invest.

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LEGEND KITCHEN COMMUNAL AREA LOCKER/STORAGE SPACE BATHROOM FACILITIES GYMANSIUM ENTERTAINMENT/THEATRE AGRICULTURAL/COCKPIT SLEEPING AREAS

Concept Design Bailey Adams

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SLEEPING PODS

WALKING PATHS

FIFTH LEVEL FIFTH LEVEL ACCOMODATES THE COUPLES OF THE SHIP. EACH COUPLE ROOM IS ALLOCATED 15M2.

LIVING SLEEPING

LIVING

FOURTH LEVEL FOURTH FLOOR IS PRODIMINANTLY THE ENTERTAINMENT LEVEL. FEATURING A THEATRE, MEDICAL FACILITY, GARDEN, AND GYMNASIUM.

THIRD LEVEL THE THIRD LEVEL IS OCCUPIED BY THE FAMILIES OF FOUR CATEGORY. EACH COMMON ROOM INCLUDES ONE MASTER BEDROOM, AND ONE ROOM WITH A BUNK BED. APPROX 34M2

SECOND LEVEL

SECOND FLOOR IS THE PRIMARY ACTIVIES LOUNGE. FEATURING THE LARGEST GYMNASIUM, AND THEATRE ON THE SHIP.

FIRST LEVEL LEVEL ONE S OCCUPANTS ARE THE FAMILIES OF 6. EACH FAMILY IS GIVEN A ROOM THAT IS 58M2

AGRICULTURE/ CONTROL ROOM

ENGINE LIVING

GROUND LEVEL THE GROUND LEVEL IS OCCUPIED BY THE SINGLES. EACH POD IS ALLOCATED A SPACE OF 1200 x 2000 x 1000mm.

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Dividing the and sizing according to the necessary space needed for 300 people to occupy

The Spaces need to conform to a centrifuge layou which applies an even force outwards in a circular environment.

Concept Design Charles Chadwick

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Multiple rings were chosen to reduce the ship’s profile and increase maneuverability.

The floor of each ring is connected to the central bridge (used to travel between rings) by a set of rails that rotate the rings at differing speeds.

Through this system centrifugal force is generated and gravity is simulated.

The rails stop any windows being inserted on one side of each ring, which reduces visibility and may lead to a sense of claustrophobia in passengers.

To mitigate this the rings were rotated to be offset from each other, thus allowing for the insertion of skylights that are intended to increase the openness of the design.

The aft cylinder represents the propulsion system.

Concept Design Ethan Barlow

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Top View

Level 1 Singles

Level 2 Couples (Economy)

Right View Level 3 Couples (First Class) FLOOR PLANS

Level 4 Family Residential

Front View

- Medical centers are on the two middle rings to increase ease of access and include A&E, general, and counselling services - The school is two story and located within one of the extruded parks in the outer ring - Classrooms and workshops are available for passengers to continue their education and upkeep their skills - All apartments have small limited kitchen facilities except singles which use communal kitchens: this is to encourage social interaction - A food court and bar are included to aid in station moral and encourage mingling between passengers of all rings - Childcare is included to increase the workforce’s productivity and support their mental heath The multiple-purpose communal areas use the Mars Habitat rack system and allow for reconfiguration of internal spaces

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Central Support Truss Industry/Sciences/Medical Residential Agricultural

Rotating Wheel (Centripetal Force) To generate artificial gravity.

Permanent Multi Purpose Module Equipment, supplies, storage.

Photo-Voltaic arrays Rotates on central truss to generate electricity.

Concept Design Matt Foreman

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RESIDENTIAL L1 + 3 - Living and sleeping quarters.

- Private rooms, bathrooms, cleaning, storage.

RESIDENTIAL L2 - Communal facilities and Recreation - Kitchen, Dining, Education, Recreation INDUSTRY LEVEL - STEM, healthcare, maintenance, logistics.

- Offices, Research, Labs.

AG LEVEL - Agriculture facilities for a self sustaining community.

ELEVATORS - Elevators between levels for transit.

RESIDENTIAL Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

INDUSTRY Level 1

Level 2

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Concept Design Purab Sakhia

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