Nutrition science and applications 4th edition smolin test bank

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Package Title: Test Bank Course Title: Smolin4e Chapter Number: 8

Question Type: Multiple Choice

1) Vitamins may be lost when food is processed. When these vitamins are added back to the processed food at the same or higher level, the food is said to be: a) enhanced. b) fortified. c) enriched. d) supplemented.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

2) When the vitamins lost in grain processing are restored, which is a nutrient typically NOT added back? a) Iron b) Thiamin c) Pantothenic acid d) Riboflavin Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

3) The process of adding nutrients to foods is called: a) enrichment. b) fortification. c) milling. d) supplementation.

Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

4) The ____________ is the site of most vitamin absorption into the body. a) large intestine b) stomach c) small intestine d) mouth Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

5) Which term describes how well a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body? a) Adsorption b) Assimilation c) Bioavailability d) Functionality Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

6) Which statement concerning vitamins is INCORRECT? a) Vitamins are organic compounds. b) If a vitamin is not provided by the diet, the body will synthesize it. c) The vitamin content of a food may be affected by cooking and processing. d) Vitamins are essential for growth, reproduction and health.

Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

7) Many B vitamins function as ______, which bind to enzymes to promote their activity. a) provitamins b) transport proteins c) coenzymes d) hormones Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

8) Folate deficiency symptoms are less of a problem recently because: a) grain products are now fortified with folate. b) green tea is more popular. c) more people are drinking low-fat milk. d) taking vitamin supplements is more common.

Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

9) Which statement is NOT true? a) Vitamins provide energy. b) Deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin is less likely than of a typical water-soluble vitamin. c) Vitamins are necessary in many biochemical reactions in the body. d) Vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States.

Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

10) Which statement regarding fortification of foods in the U.S. is NOT true? a) Fortification is always regulated by the FDA. b) Fortification can be an arbitrary act of the food manufacturer. c) Fortification can lead to nutrient imbalances and toxicities. d) Fortification of juice can help individuals meet their daily calcium requirement.

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe the factors that affect the amount of a vitamin that is available to the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.1 What Are Vitamins?

11) Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ in the diet. a) riboflavin b) thiamin c) vitamin C d) niacin Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Describe the functions of thiamin and the diseases that occur when thiamin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.2 Thiamin

12) Which of the following does NOT affect thiamin availability in food? a) Presence of other vitamins b) Enzymes found in raw fish c) Compounds found in blueberries, tea and coffee d) Heat, as generated in cooking Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Describe the functions of thiamin and the diseases that occur when thiamin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.2 Thiamin

13) A primary function of thiamin is to: a) increase iron incorporation into hemoglobin. b) regulate cell differentiation. c) promote blood clotting. d) facilitate the production of energy from glucose.

Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Describe the functions of thiamin and the diseases that occur when thiamin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.2 Thiamin

14) Which group of people is most at risk for developing thiamin deficiency? a) Tobacco users b) Endurance athletes c) Older adults d) Chronic alcoholics Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Describe the functions of thiamin and the diseases that occur when thiamin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.2 Thiamin

15) Which is a good dietary source of thiamin? a) Sunflower seeds b) Pork c) Whole grains d) All of the above Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Describe the functions of thiamin and the diseases that occur when thiamin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.2 Thiamin

16) The symptom(s) of thiamin deficiency best explained by its role in glucose metabolism are: a) depression and weakness. b) paralysis. c) hunger. d) atherosclerosis.

Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Describe the functions of thiamin and the diseases that occur when thiamin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.2 Thiamin

17) A person consuming a diet deficient in dairy products but otherwise adequate, would have the most difficulty obtaining sufficient amounts of which vitamin? a) Niacin b) Riboflavin c) Iron d) Vitamin C Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Describe the functions of riboflavin and the diseases that occur when riboflavin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.3 Riboflavin

18) Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to: a) light. b) vitamin C. c) oxygen. d) acid.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Describe the functions of riboflavin and the diseases that occur when riboflavin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.3 Riboflavin

19) Riboflavin forms active coenzymes that do all the following EXCEPT: a) assist with energy production from carbohydrates, proteins and fats. b) function as electron carriers. c) participate in the citric acid cycle. d) relay signals between nerve cells.

Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Describe the functions of riboflavin and the diseases that occur when riboflavin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.3 Riboflavin

20) Riboflavin supplementation: a) is recommended for those with low fiber intake. b) can decrease the high risk for deficiency in the American public. c) can improve vision. d) does not provide an energy boost.

Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Describe the functions of riboflavin and the diseases that occur when riboflavin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.3 Riboflavin

21) Symptoms of ariboflavinosis do NOT include: a) inflammation of the eyes and mouth. b) scaly, greasy skin eruptions. c) confusion. d) megoblastic anemia.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Describe the functions of riboflavin and the diseases that occur when riboflavin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.3 Riboflavin

22) Which disease is caused by niacin deficiency? a) Beriberi b) Scurvy c) Pellagra d) None of the above Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the functions of niacin and the diseases that occur when niacin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.4 Niacin

23) Which is true regarding niacin? a) It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. b) Eggs are a good source of preformed niacin. c) The niacin deficiency disease is beriberi. d) Corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies.

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the functions of niacin and the diseases that occur when niacin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.4 Niacin

24) A common adverse effect of niacin toxicity is: a) dermatitis. b) flushing of the skin. c) dementia. d) hives.

Answer: b Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the functions of niacin and the diseases that occur when niacin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.4 Niacin

25) Pellagra occurs when _________ is the staple grain in the diet and the diet does not provide a mixture of different foods. a) corn b) wheat c) rice d) barley Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the functions of niacin and the diseases that occur when niacin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.4 Niacin

26) Which statement about niacin is true? a) There is no UL established for niacin intake. b) Niacin is important in the production of energy from dietary nutrients. c) Niacin deficiency causes adverse effects in limited areas of the body. d) Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan.

Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the functions of niacin and the diseases that occur when niacin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.4 Niacin

27) Niacin supplements: a) are commonly used in the US since niacin deficiency is a public health concern. b) provide an essential energy boost. c) may decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. d) are associated with an increase in heart attacks.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the functions of niacin and the diseases that occur when niacin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.4 Niacin

28) Biotin is tightly bound by avidin, which prevents absorption of the vitamin. Avidin is commonly found in: a) egg whites. b) kidney beans. c) peanuts. d) spinach.

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Discuss the functions of biotin and describe the diseases that occur when biotin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.5 Biotin

29) Which is the FALSE statement regarding biotin? a) Biotin functions in the metabolism of some amino acids. b) An RDA for biotin has not been determined. c) Biotin is produced by enzymes in epithelial cells that line the small intestine. d) People on tube feedings may become deficient.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Discuss the functions of biotin and describe the diseases that occur when biotin is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.5 Biotin

30) Which statement is FALSE regarding pantothenic acid? a) Deficiency has been associated with consumption of raw eggs. b) It is found only in a few select foods. c) Toxicity is a concern due to food enrichment in the U.S. d) All of the above are false.

Answer: d Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Describe the functions of pantothenic acid and the diseases that occur when pantothenic acid is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.6 Pantothenic Acid

31) Pantothenic acid forms part of which molecule? a) Coenzyme A b) Flavinadenine dinucleotide c) Pyridoxal phosphate d) Adenosine triphosphate Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Describe the functions of pantothenic acid and the diseases that occur when pantothenic acid is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.6 Pantothenic Acid

32) Pantothenic acid is abundant in: a) raw spinach. b) sunflower seeds. c) apples. d) All of the above.

Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Describe the functions of pantothenic acid and the diseases that occur when pantothenic acid is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.6 Pantothenic Acid

33) Vitamin B6 is NOT involved in which physiologic process? a) Formation of non-essential amino acids b) Hemoglobin synthesis c) Collagen formation d) Formation of white blood cells important for immunity Answer: c Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe the functions of vitamin B6 and the diseases that occur when vitamin B6 is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.7 Vitamin B6

34) Another name for vitamin B6 is: a) pantothenic acid. b) biotin. c) pyruvate. d) pyridoxine.

Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe the functions of vitamin B6 and the diseases that occur when vitamin B6 is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.7 Vitamin B6

35) The RDA for B6 in adults ____________ with aging. a) increases b) decreases c) stays the same d) increases for males but decreases for females Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe the functions of vitamin B6 and the diseases that occur when vitamin B6 is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.7 Vitamin B6

36) B6 deficiency does NOT cause: a) neurological symptoms. b) numbness in the extremities. c) anemia with large, deeply colored red blood cells. d) decreased antibody formation.

Answer: c Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe the functions of vitamin B6 and the diseases that occur when vitamin B6 is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.7 Vitamin B6

37) Vitamin B6 status is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: a) the amount of fat in the diet. b) oral contraceptives. c) exposure of food to heat and light. d) alcohol ingestion.

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe the functions of vitamin B6 and the diseases that occur when vitamin B6 is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.7 Vitamin B6

38) Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In clinical studies, which vitamins have been shown to decrease homocysteine levels in the blood? a) Vitamins A, C & E b) Riboflavin, A & folate c) B6, folate & B12 d) Pantothenic acid, riboflavin & biotin Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe the functions of vitamin B6 and the diseases that occur when vitamin B6 is deficient.

Section Reference: Section 8.7 Vitamin B6

39) Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies? a) Riboflavin b) Biotin c) B12 d) Folic acid Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

40) Which food is the best source of folate? a) Lentils b) Chicken c) Cheese d) Brown rice Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

41) Folic acid supplements are most frequently recommended for: a) post-menopausal women. b) women who may become pregnant. c) toddlers. d) the elderly.

Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

42) High folate intake may: a) increase the incidence of colon cancer. b) cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites. c) mask a vitamin B12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage. d) cause acne.

Answer: c Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

43) Which group is at risk for folate deficiency? a) Premature infants b) Elderly c) Smokers d) All of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

44) Low folate status increases the risk of: a) type 1 diabetes. b) heart disease. c) renal dysfunction. d) All of the above Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

45) The role of folate in DNA synthesis makes it particularly important in: a) lipid synthesis. b) rapidly dividing cells. c) nerve cells. d) old age.

Answer: b Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

46) Folate deficiency may cause all the following EXCEPT: a) development of cancer. b) microcytic anemia. c) poor growth. d) inflammation of the tongue.

Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the functions of folate and why folate is important in cells that are rapidly dividing.

Section Reference: Section 8.8 Folate (Folic Acid)

47) Meeting vitamin B12 needs from the diet is especially difficult for: a) athletes undergoing rigorous training. b) infants. c) vegans. d) pregnant women.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.9 Explain the functions of vitamin B12 and why a deficiency of vitamin B12 can interfere with folate function in the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.9 Vitamin B12

48) Absorption of vitamin B12 is dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT: a) adequate stomach acid. b) pepsin. c) intrinsic factor. d) amylase.

Answer: d Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: LO 8.9 Explain the functions of vitamin B12 and why a deficiency of vitamin B12 can interfere with folate function in the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.9 Vitamin B12

49) Vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor results in: a) beriberi. b) scurvy. c) pernicious anemia. d) pellagra.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.9 Explain the functions of vitamin B12 and why a deficiency of vitamin B12 can interfere with folate function in the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.9 Vitamin B12

50) For which group is taking vitamin B12 supplements the LEAST beneficial? a) People eating diets high in animal products b) Older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid c) People who do not consume animal products d) Breast- fed infants whose mothers are vegans Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.9 Explain the functions of vitamin B12 and why a deficiency of vitamin B12 can interfere with folate function in the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.9 Vitamin B12

51) Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 deficiency is true? a) Connective tissue abnormalities are common. b) Symptoms can appear quite rapidly. c) Myelin degeneration can cause neurological symptoms. d) All of the above are true.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 8.9

Section Reference: Section 8.9 Vitamin B12

52) Which physiologic process requires vitamin B12? a) Division of red blood cells b) Synthesis of proteins c) Activation of niacin d) Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.9 Explain the functions of vitamin B12 and why a deficiency of vitamin B12 can interfere with folate function in the body.

Section Reference: Section 8.9 Vitamin B12

53) Which is the best source of vitamin C? a) Strawberries b) Corn c) Milk d) Beef Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

54) Which of the following is NOT recognized as a major function of vitamin C in the body? a) Formation of collagen b) Facilitating release of energy from glucose c) Protection against damage from free radicals d) Enhancing iron absorption Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

55) Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which nutrient? a) Glucose b) Iron c) Zinc d) Fluoride Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

56) Which lifestyle factor increases the requirement for vitamin C? a) Drinking alcohol b) Exercising frequently and intensely c) Smoking cigarettes d) Eating a diet high in fiber Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

57) Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency? a) Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables b) Infants fed cows’ milk c) Alcoholics d) Elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

58) Which is the FALSE statement regarding vitamin C? a) Vitamin C may decrease the duration of the common cold.

b) People prone to developing certain types of kidney stones should avoid vitamin C supplementation. c) Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver, so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop. d) Vitamin C supplements are unlikely to cause toxicity.

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

59) Vitamin C deficiency causes: a) bleeding gums. b) hemolysis. c) pernicious anemia. d) megaloblastic anemia.

Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 8.10 Describe the functions and sources of vitamin C. Section Reference: Section 8.10 Vitamin C

60) Which statement about choline is correct? a) It has no identified, important roles in normal homeostasis. b) It is classified as a vitamin since it cannot be synthesized in the body. c) Deficiency causes kidney problems. d) There is an established UL for choline intake due to toxicity symptoms.

Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.11 Explain why choline is not considered a vitamin.

Section Reference: Section 8.11 Choline

61) Choline deficiency may contribute to all of the following EXCEPT: a) neurological disorders. b) development of diabetes. c) atherosclerosis.

d) liver disease.

Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 8.11 Explain why choline is not considered a vitamin.

Section Reference: Section 8.11 Choline