Test bank for managing for quality and performance excellence 10th edition

Test Bank for Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence, 10th Edition

Test Bank for Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence, 10th Edition To download the complete and accurate content document, go to: https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-managing-for-quality-and-performanc e-excellence-10th-edition/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management 1. Statistics is a science concerned with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 2. The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called an event. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 3. Probability is the likelihood that an outcome occurs. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 4. The sum of the probabilities over all possible outcomes must be between 0 and 1. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 5. Two events are independent if they have no outcomes in common. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 1

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 6. A random variable is a numerical description of the outcome of an experiment. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 7. The Poisson distribution is closely related to the binomial distribution. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 8. The number of defects observed in a sample is an example of a continuous random variable. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 9. The probability density function for the normal distribution is, . a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 2

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions Bloom's: Knowledge

10. Often, the positively skewed data can be transformed to a normal distribution by using a mathematical transformation such as taking logarithms. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 11. Products are boxed in groups of 25. Drawing a sample of boxes and inspecting all units in the boxes selected is an example of systematic sampling. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 12. The median specifies the middle value when the data are arranged from smallest to largest. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 13. The variance is the simplest measure of dispersion and is computed as the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the data set. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 3

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management 14. Distributions with values of coefficient of kurtosis (CK) greater than 3 are more peaked with less dispersion. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 15. The Data Validation Toolpak in Microsoft Excel for Windows provides many procedures for conducting statistical analyses. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 16. A frequency distribution is a table that shows the number of observations in each of several nonoverlapping groups. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 17. The Histogram tool provides the basic statistical measures of location, dispersion, and shape. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 18. One of the major disadvantages of the Histogram tool is that the results are not dynamically linked to the data. a. True b. False ANSWER: True Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 4

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 19. As the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean increases, all else being held constant. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 20. A confidence interval is an interval estimate of a population parameter that also specifies the likelihood that the interval contains the true population parameter. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 21. All else being equal, as the confidence level increases, the confidence interval becomes larger to provide higher levels of assurance that the interval contains the true population parameter. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 22. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis, H0, is assumed to be false in the absence of contradictory data. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 5

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference Bloom's: Knowledge

23. Correlation is a measure of a linear relationship between two variables, X and Y, and is measured by the (population) correlation coefficient. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 24. The square of the correlation coefficient is called the coefficient of determination. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 25. In general, an experiment with m factors at k levels would have km combinations. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 26. When interactions are present in an experiment, main effects have little meaning. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 27. Statistical methods help managers make sense of data and gain insight about the: a. ability of using statistics and quality tools in daily work.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 6

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management b. nature of variation in all processes. c. nature of variation in the processes they manage. d. technology used for data analysis and visualization.

ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 28. The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the _____. a. event b. population c. random variable d. sample space ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 29. The conditional probability of an event A given that event B is known is given by: a. . b. . c. . d.

.

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 30. A _____ is a function that assigns a numerical value to every possible outcome in a sample space. a. probability distribution b. population parameter c. sample statistic d. random variable Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 7

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 31. A _____ can take on any real value over a specified interval of real numbers. a. sample space b. probability distribution c. discrete random variable d. continuous random variable ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 32. If a normal random variable has a mean = _____ and a standard deviation = _____, it is called a standard normal distribution. a. 1; 0 b. 1; 1 c. 0; 0 d. 0; 1 ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 33. A perfume bottle is designed to have a capacity of 15 ounces. There is variation in the bottle manufacturing process.

Based on historical data, let’s suppose that the bottle capacity can be reasonably modeled by a normal distribution with a mean of 15 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.2 ounces. What proportion of these bottles will have a capacity between 14.7 and 15.1 ounces? a. 0.3830 b. 0.6247 c. 0.8664 d. 0.9876 ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 8

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Application

34. The _____ distribution models the time between randomly occurring events. a. exponential b. Poisson c. normal d. binomial ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 35. The component of statistical methodology that includes the collection, organization, and summarization of data is called: a. probability distribution. b. descriptive statistics. c. statistical inference. d. predictive statistics.

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 36. _____ is the process of drawing conclusions about unknown characteristics of a population from which data are taken. a. Descriptive statistics b. Regression analysis c. Statistical inference d. Correlation analysis ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 37. Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling scheme? a. Stratified sampling b. Judgment sampling c. Cluster sampling d. Biased sampling Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 9

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 38. Which of the following requires the opinion of an expert to determine the location and characteristics of a definable sample group? a. Judgment sample b. Simple random sample c. Systematic sample d. Stratified sample ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 39. Partitioning a population into hierarchical groups or levels and selecting a sample from each group is known as: a. simple random sampling. b. stratified sampling. c. systematic sampling. d. cluster sampling.

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 40. The sampling method where every item in the population has an equal probability of being selected is called: a. simple random sampling. b. cluster sampling. c. systematic sampling. d. judgment sampling.

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 41. A typical group is selected from the population, and a random sample is taken from within the group. This is an Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 10

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management example of _____ sampling. a. simple random b. cluster c. stratified d. judgment ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 42. If random samples are not used, _____ may be introduced. a. quality control b. bias c. testing d. probability ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 43. Any sampling procedure can result in _____ types of errors. a. two b. three c. four d. five ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 44. Any sampling procedure can result in two types of errors: _____ error and _____ error. a. sampling; systematic b. simple; conditional c. random; measurement d. standard; variable ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 11

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology Bloom's: Knowledge

45. Which of the following constitutes an approach to reducing sampling error? a. Providing statistical training to workers at all organizational levels b. Using user-friendly software for data analysis and visualization c. Taking a larger sample from the population d. Planning the sampling study carefully ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 46. A _____ is a subset of objects taken from the _____. a. population; sample b. cluster; strata c. sample; population d. sample space; experiment ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 47. Calculating the average value of 5 sample measurements of a door width is an example of: a. descriptive statistics. b. hypothesis testing. c. regression analysis. d. design of experiments.

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 48. Which of the following is NOT a tool for descriptive statistics? a. Frequency distribution b. Regression analysis c. Proportion d. Histogram ANSWER: b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 12

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 49. Given here are a set of sample data: 12.0, 18.3, 29.6, 14.3, and 27.8. The sample standard deviation for this data is equal to _____. a. 62.895 b. 7.093 c. 7.931 d. 50.316 ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 50. The _____ measures the degree of asymmetry of observations around the mean. a. coefficient of correlation b. coefficient of skewness c. coefficient of kurtosis d. coefficient of determination ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 51. Group width = a. (UL – LL)/Number of Groups. b. Number of Groups/(UL – LL). c. (UL + LL)/Number of Groups. d. (UL – LL)(Number of Groups).

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 52. A sample of size 16 is randomly selected from a population of size 90. Determine the standard error of the mean if the population standard deviation equals 20.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 13

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management a. 2.11 b. 4.16 c. 4.56 d. 5.00 ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 53. Everything else remaining constant, when the sample size increases: a. the variance decreases. b. the variance increases. c. the variance is unaffected. d. the variance could increase or decrease.

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 54. The approximation to a normal distribution can be assumed for sample sizes of _____. a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30 or more ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 55. Based on historical data, the diameter of a ball bearing is normally distributed with a mean of 0.527 cm and a standard deviation of 0.008 cm. Suppose that a sample of 18 ball bearings is randomly selected from a very large lot. Determine the probability that the average diameter of a sampled ball bearing is greater than 0.530 cm. a. 0.2324 b. 0.4938 c. 0.5062 d. 0.0559 ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 14

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DISC: Strategy DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference Bloom's: Application

56. A manager at a local manufacturing company has been monitoring the output of one of the machines used to manufacture chromium shells. Past data indicate that if the machine is functioning properly, the length of the shells produced by this machine can be modeled as being normally distributed with a mean of 118 centimeters and a standard deviation of 6.3 centimeters. Suppose 10 shells produced by this machine are randomly selected. What is the probability that the average length of these 10 shells will be between 116 and 120 centimeters when the machine is operating “properly"? a. 0.2709 b. 0.2943 c. 0.6826 d. 0.9656 ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 57. A travel article researcher randomly sampled 250 adult residents of Illinois and asked each resident if he/she planned to vacation outside of Illinois this coming summer. Fifty-six of these adults responded that they plan to vacation outside of Illinois. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of adult residents of Illinois who plan to vacation outside of Illinois this coming summer? a. (0.178, 0.318) b. (0.246, 0.250) c. (0.172, 0.276) d. (0.142, 0.354) ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 58. A government report gives a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of welfare recipients who have been receiving welfare benefits for more than 5 years to be 21% ± 4.5%. Which of the following intervals could not be a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of welfare recipients who have been receiving welfare benefits for more than 5 years? a. 21% ± 4.2% b. 21% ± 3.76% c. 21% ± 3.9% d. 21% ± 4.8% ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 15

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DISC: Strategy DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference Bloom's: Comprehension

59. A testing engineer in a light bulb factory is planning a study to estimate the average life of a large shipment of light bulbs. The engineer wants to estimate the average life within plus or minus 16 hours with 95 percent confidence.

Assuming a process standard deviation of 90 hours, determine the sample size for this study. a. 7 b. 43 c. 58 d. 122 ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 60. _____ involve(s) drawing inferences about two contrasting propositions relating to the value of a population parameter, one of which is assumed to be true in the absence of contradictory data. a. Probability distributions b. Hypothesis testing c. Descriptive statistics d. Predictive statistics ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 61. The rejection region is chosen so that the probability of the test statistic falling into it, if H0 is true, is _____. a. b. c. d.

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 62. _____ is a methodology for drawing conclusions about equality of means of multiple populations.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 16

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management a. Quality analysis b. Correlation analysis c. Analysis of variance d. Regression analysis ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 63. In ANOVA, by dividing the mean square between groups by the mean square within groups, a(n) _____ statistic is computed. a. t b. z c. F d. R2 ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 64. Suppose that a scatter diagram depicts a relationship between the two variables that can be summarized by a straight line. The correlation coefficient is computed and results in a value of -0.73. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. There is a linear relationship between the two variables. b. In general, an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable. c. In general, an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable. d. Even though the correlation coefficient is less than zero, it still communicates the strength of the linear relationship.

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 65. Three scatter diagrams are given below. How many of the diagrams present data that can be described by a linear relationship and, therefore, justifiably summarized by the correlation coefficient?

Plot A

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 17

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management

Plot B

Plot C

a. Plot A b. Plot B c. Plot A and Plot B Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 18

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management d. Plot A and Plot C ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 66. In regression analysis, _____ measures the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable(s). a. coefficient of correlation b. an F statistic c. coefficient of determination d. regression equation ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 67. _____ is a test or series of tests that enables the experimenter to compare two or more methods to determine which is better or determine levels of controllable factors to optimize the yield of a process or minimize the variability of a response variable. a. Designed experiment b. Hypothesis testing c. Kurtosis d. Regression ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 68. One of the most common types of experimental designs in which all combinations of levels of each factor are considered is called a(n) _____ experiment. a. combination b. factorial c. interaction d. simple ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 19

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference Bloom's: Knowledge

69. In a factorial experiment, each combination of different levels of the factor is called a(n) _____. a. main effect b. response c. treatment d. interaction ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 70. An experiment that evaluates the effect of two temperatures (100 and 200 degrees F) and two reaction times (45 and 95 minutes) on process yield has _____ possible combinations to test. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 71. In a designed experiment, a(n) _____ measures the difference that a factor has on the response. a. main effect b. factorial c. treatment d. interaction ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 72. What is probability? What are its characteristics?

ANSWER: Probability is the likelihood that an outcome occurs.

Suppose we label the n outcomes in a sample space as O1, O2, …, On, where Oi represents the ith outcome in the sample space. Let P(Oi) be the probability associated Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 20

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management with the outcome Oi. Then: • The probability associated with any outcome must be between 0 and 1, or for each outcome Oi • The sum of the probabilities over all possible outcomes must be 1.0, or P(O1) + P(O2) + ... + P(On) = 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 73. What are the rules that apply when calculating probabilities of events?

ANSWER: The following rules apply to calculating probabilities of events: Rule 1: The probability of any event is the sum of the probabilities of the outcomes that compose that event.

Rule 2: The probability of the complement of any event A is P(Ac) = 1 – P(A).

Rule 3: If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).

Rule 4: If two events A and B are not mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B). Here, (A and B) represents the intersection of events A and B; that is, all outcomes belonging to both A and B. DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 74. Define binomial and Poisson distributions. State their probability functions.

ANSWER: Binomial Distribution: The binomial distribution describes the probability of obtaining exactly x “successes” in a sequence of n identical experiments, called trials.

The binomial probability function is given by the following formula: x = 0, 1, 2, ..., n where p is the probability of a success, n is the number of items in the sample, and x is the number of items for which the probability is desired (0, 1, 2, …, n).

Poisson Distribution: The second discrete distribution often used in quality control is the Poisson distribution.

It used to calculate the number of occurrences of an event over a specified interval of time or space. The Poisson probability distribution is given by,

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 21

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management where = expected value or average number of occurrences, x = 0, 1, 2, 3,... , and e = 2.71828, a constant.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 75. Briefly discuss the relation between exponential distribution and Poisson distribution with an example.

ANSWER: The exponential distribution is related to the Poisson distribution: if the distribution of the time between events is exponential, then the number of events occurring during an interval of time is Poisson.

For example, if the average time between the arrivals of customers in a departmental store is exponential with a mean of 2 minutes, then the average number of arrivals per minute is Poisson with a mean of 1/2 arrivals/minute.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 76. The times (in minutes) required by a sample of 15 students to complete a class assignment are given below: 45, 42, 56, 54, 40, 37, 39, 45, 49, 43, 45, 50, 49, 55, 48 Using Excel functions and calculate the mean, median, mode, range, sample variance, and sample standard deviation.

ANSWER: Using Excel 2010 functions, Mean = AVERAGE(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 46.47 Median = MEDIAN(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 45 Mode = MODE.SNGL(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 45 Range = MAX(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) - MIN(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 19 Sample variance = VAR.S(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 33.84 Sample standard deviation = STDEV.S(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 5.82 DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 77. In Excel’s Histogram tool, how are bins defined?

ANSWER: For discrete values, a column of these values is set up in the spreadsheet for the bin range and specified in the Bin Range field. For numerical data that have a many different discrete values with little repetition or are continuous, bins are defined by specifying 1. the number of bins, 2. the width of each bin, and 3. the upper and lower limits of each bin.

It is important to remember that the bins may not overlap so that each value is counted in exactly one group.

The bins should be defined after examining the range of the data. Generally, between 5 to Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 22

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management 15 bins should be chosen, and the range of each should be of equal width.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology DISC: Information Technologies TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 78. What is a sampling distribution? State the sampling distributions of and p for finite populations.

ANSWER: A sampling distribution is the distribution of a statistic for all possible samples of a fixed size. In quality, the sampling distributions of , the sample mean and p, the sample proportion, are of the most interest.

Sampling distribution of : When using simple random sampling, the expected value of is the population mean

.

The standard deviation of (often called the standard error of the mean) is given by the formula,

for finite populations.

Sampling distribution of p: The expected value of p is

, the population proportion.

The standard deviation of p is,

for finite populations.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 79. State the steps involved in a hypothesis test.

ANSWER: A hypothesis test involves the following steps: 1. Formulate the hypothesis to test.

2. Select a level of significance.

3. Determine a decision rule on which to base a conclusion.

4. Collect data and calculate a test statistic.

5. Apply the decision rule to the test statistic and draw a conclusion.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 80. A manager was assigned the task of investigating the error in payments for routine purchases made by the purchasing Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 23

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management department. The manager randomly selected 12 payments, investigated them thoroughly, and determined the payment error for each of these payments. The payment error was defined as the difference between the amount paid and what should have been paid. The payment errors determined for these selected payments were as follows: $17 $35

$25 $30

$14 $28

-$10 $22

$20 $15

$40 $16

a. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population mean payment error? b. Suppose a recent company report inferred that the mean payment error may be running as high as $25. That led the manager to test the null hypothesis that the population mean payment error is equal to $25 versus the alternative that the population mean payment error is not equal to $25. Using a level of significance equal to 0.01, perform this hypothesis test. c. Suppose another manager used this same data to test the null hypothesis that the population mean payment error is less than or equal to $15 versus the alternative that the population mean payment error is greater than $15. What is the test statistic for this hypothesis testing situation? What is the critical value at a level of significance equal to 0.01? What is the conclusion?

ANSWER: a. The 95% confidence interval: = 21 + 8.11 = (12.89, 29.11) b. Computing the test statistic, we have

Since this is not less than the lower-tail critical value of -3.106, the manager would not reject the null hypothesis. c. Computing the test statistic, we have

Since this is less than the upper-tail critical value of 2.718, the manager would not reject the null hypothesis.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Strategy TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application 81. How did fault-free mass production and the systems manufactured for the defense effort during World War II further the use of statistical methods?

ANSWER: The demands of fault-free mass production and the systems manufactured for the defense effort during World War II furthered the use of statistical methods. That carried over to business and industry in the years following the war. The major empress, in addition to helping ensure manufacturing stability, were on checking that incoming materials met specifications and on rejecting bad product. As organizations began to focus more on customer satisfaction and designing quality into products and processes, it became clear that statistical concepts in general and design of experiments in particular could play an important role in helping build and validate quality products.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 24

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in Quality KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 82. What are some of the applications of statistics used in quality?

ANSWER: The applications include product design and reliability: involvement in setting design goals, ensuring measurement capability, designing a product that meets or exceeds the goals, validating the design, and transitioning it to manufacturing. Manufacturing will help ensure the building of a consistently high-quality product.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in Quality KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 83. Which of the following is not part of the major goal of typical applications of a statistics plan? a. Assess manufacturing capability and stability. b. Monitor the process—often using control charts— to signal significant changes, to identify and remove

special causes of variation, and to provide the path to permanent improvement. c. Evaluate and remove measurement bias and quantify and reduce measurement variability through gauge repeatability and reproducibility studies. d. Help develop optimum servicing.

ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in Quality KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 84.

The manufacture of discrete parts often calls for the use of different statistical tools from those used in the processing industries. Which of the following designed experiments on computer models would NOT be required? a. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics b. Tolerance stack-up analyses c. Traceability studies d. Redesign of the billing process ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in Quality KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 85. What is the team’s position on process improvement?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 25

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management ANSWER:

Statistics are used extensively to improve business processes. Such projects are often undertaken as Six Sigma projects. Some examples include redesigning a billing process to eliminate errors and collect revenues faster, increasing a call center’s timeliness in successfully addressing customer issues, and reducing cycle time and shipment errors in filling customer orders.

DIFFICULTY: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic DISC - Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in Quality KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 86. Many new industries—such as bioinformatics, medical imaging, and nanotechnology—are emerging as part of a long list of industries that employ statistics. What are some examples?

ANSWER: Pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, communications, and service industries are a few standouts of these industries.

DIFFICULTY: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic DISC - Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in Quality KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 87. What are the typical soldering defects in a wave soldering process of a PCA-Encoder?

ANSWER: Typical soldering defects are blowholes (insufficient solder) and bridges (solder between two joints).

DIFFICULTY: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic DISC - Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 88. In which of the following companies, a high level of soldering defects was observed, necessitating 100 percent inspection for all circuit boards? a. GE Fanuc Company b. Hewlett-Packard c. Branch-Smith, Inc. d. Berton Card Company ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic DISC - Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 26

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management 89. What are the aspects of the wave soldering process that might affect the resulting quality of the PCA-Encoders?

ANSWER: The quality engineers conducted a detailed study on the solder defects to understand what aspects of the wave soldering process might affect the resulting quality. These were identified as 1. Conveyor speed 2. Conveyor angle 3. Solder bath temperature 4. Solder wave height 5. Vibration of wave 6. Preheater temperature 7. Air knife 8. Acid number (solid content in the flux), which is difficult to control because of environmental conditions DIFFICULTY: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic DISC - Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 90. To improve the quality of the wave soldering process through design of experiments, _____ factors at _____ levels were selected for the experiment. a. seven; two b. six; three c. seven; three d. three; two ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic DISC - Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 91. Briefly explain how the experiment was conducted.

ANSWER: A full factorial experiment would take 1,458 trials to conduct, which was not deemed to be practical. From statistical theory in the design of experiments, the seven main effects could be estimated by conducting only 18 trials as shown in the below table. The experimental outcomes (response) were the number of defective solder joints in a frame (352 joints). Each experiment was repeated three times.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 27

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 92. Using _____, it was observed that bath temperature, wave height, and omega had a significant effect on the soldering defects. a. hypothesis testing b. cluster sampling c. descriptive statistics d. analysis of variance ANSWER: D DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 93. Why were additional experimental designs conducted to reduce soldering defects in the process?

ANSWER: The predicted average and the result of a confirmatory experiment were not sufficient to eliminate inspection completely, so additional experimental designs were conducted to reduce defects.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 28

Test Bank for Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence, 10th Edition

Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality Management TOPICS: KEYWORDS:

DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments Bloom's: Knowledge

94. Explain how the new experiment was conducted to reduce soldering defects in the process.

ANSWER: The next experiment considered the results of the first experiment and some of the uncontrollable factors. However, the different levels of the significant factors from the first experiment were selected in such a way that the new levels were allowed to vary around the optimum level of the first experiment. Based on the results of these additional experiments, new optimum levels of factors were identified and implemented with significant improvements.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic DISC: Operations Management TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave Soldering Process Through Design of Experiments KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Page 29