Design Synthesis

DESIGN SNYTHESIS JORDAN KIEHNE

12147359

Jordan Kiehne; 12147359 Jordan.kiehne@studnet.uts.edu.au Desgin Synthesis: Assignment 02 Subject Tutor: Matilde Gonzalez Asteinza 4pm Lighting, Acoustics and Advanced Environmental Control Autumn 2017 (11232-2017-AUTUMN-CITY) 2

Site Analysis 4 - 5 Critic of Proposed

6-7

Matrix 8 Alternate Proposal 9 - 15

Spatial Relationship 9 Site Plan 10 Site Massing 11 Facade Design 12 Facade Detail 13

Sectional Relationships 14 - 15 Atrium Detail Design 16 - 31

Atrium Spatial Relationship 17 Floor Plan 18

Reflected ceiling plan 19 Thermal 20 - 21 Acoustic 22 - 24 Lighting 26 - 31 Reference Page 32 Appendix 33 - 39

3

SITE CLIMATE Prevailing Winds

NORTH

W ind Fre q ue nc y (H rs )

50 km/h

345°

Location: Brisbane, Queensland - Australia (-27.5°, 153.0°)

Brisbane lies just inland from the eastern coast of Australia. 16km inland one the banks of the Brisbane River, Brisbane is mostly a hot humid climate, benefiting from generally cool breezes all year round.

hrs

15°

Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00

310+

© W e a th e r T o o l

330°

Figure 1

30°

278 248

40 km/h

216 315°

45°

186 155

30 km/h

124 300°

60°

93 62

20 km/h

Located in a subtropical climate Brisbane benefits mostly from cross ventilation designs resulting in heat release, with additional solar shading from either extended eaves and or louvre combination. These passive methods when used in conjunction with mechanical systems enables a building in Brisbane to act as efficiently as possible.

<31

285°

75°

10 km/h

EAST

WEST

255°

105°

240°

120°

225°

135°

210°

150°

195°

165° SOUTH

Weekly Summary

% 90+ 80

R e la tiv e H umid ity (% )

Location: Brisbane, Queensland - Australia (-27.5°, 153.0°)

70 60 50 40

Contour Range: 28.43 - 100.00 % In Steps of: 2.00 % © W e a th e r T o o l

Figure 2

30 20 10 <0

%

100

Wk 52 48

80 44 40 36 32 60

28 24 20

40

16

Hr 12 24 20

8 16

20 12 4

8 4 0

4

The proposed site has access to winds all year round providing good cross circulation all year round. As seen in the wind rose, in figure 1, the site has breezes from most directions across the site. However the majority of which come from the South and South-East.

While as seen in figure 2 humidity on the site is relatively high all year round, which plays an important role in the overall comfort and temperature of the whole climatic response.

As refereed to in the Psychometric chart, refer to appendix 1, strategies for this climate include and are not limited to passive solar heating during colder months, thermal massing effects all year round with purging during night, and natural ventilation all year round.

BRISBANE CBD

SOUTH BANK

BRISBANE RIVER

PROPSED SITE

5

EXISTING SITE PLAN MONTAGUE ROAD

Connection between parks limited through rears of buildings Connection to street facilitated via front and rear of building blocking entry from external perimeter Massing of site moves towards corner overshadowing main corner Cores of buildings are on external faces acting as thermal mass, unnecessarily heating internal spaces

BRERETON STREET

Glass atrium is enclosed in glazing creating the effect of a glass house in the climate of Brisbane creating a very unpleasant retail area No indicated entrance for logistical vehicles or commuter parking Park spaces are overshadowed during morning hours from tower massing

ET

U

RY A ND

BO

Concept Design based of Fitzpatrick & partners Design.

6

S

E TR

Building angles do not utilise locations prime views of Brisbane Skyline

EXISTING CLIMATIC STRATEGIES

12pm

9am

As proposed by Fitzpatrick and Partners the massing of the towers are angled to make the most of the river views while interior spaces are enclosed via a giant glass atrium.

Moving from North-East to South-West the towers drop down losing 2 levels each time, therefore massing away from the corner of Boundary Street and Montague Road.

As seen in the shadow diagrams below the towers act as self shading devices to the interior courtyard in the summer months, however during winter the towers do not provide any shading to the glass atrium.

Due to the materiality of the atrium the potential for this structure to become a giant glass house during any solar heating of the glazing is potentially quite dangerous.

12pm

9am

E

3pm

N

S

3pm

While also not benefiting from cross ventilation the entire ground plane of the building is closed behind glazing, limiting any potential for heating shedding. This is also not helped by the positioning of the site as it has limited potential to support wind flows.

Summer

Winter

The massing also causes potential problems for neighbouring parks and residential / industrial lots. The overshadowing of the entire development causes undue shadowing during winter months of parks nearby making them quite unpleasant and potentially cold.

Additionally the lift core and service riser has been placed on the exterior of the building and therefore acts as a thermal mass to all the interior office levels. This can cause potential problems for internal heat control systems as loading will increase as exposure to this thermal mass is increased. Potential hazard is also cause by this as thoroughfares through the site pass by these lifts cause potential problems between people waiting for the lift and the public.

W

WINTER SOLSTICE O

VERALL SHADOW DIAGRA M

SUMMER SOLSTICE O

VERALL SHADOW DIAGRA M 7

MATRIX Nature and character Func onal of space (design requirements concept)

Other Design Criteria

Ligh ng requirements

Dayligh ng poten al

Thermal requirements

Thermal control op ons

Background Sound

Intruding Sound

Reverbera on

Internal Atruim

appropriate ameni es achieving programmes requirements

storage, comfortable si ng places / environment. public connec on.

ven a on through ground plane, mi ga on of humidity

natural ligh ng depending on the loca on of the space, mood ligh ng for the programme

direct sunlight avioded due to climate, though space remains ambiently lit via sun light

should not contain moisture in the air and generally maintain a comfortable temperature while dealing with different loads of people

overhea ng by ar ficial means, maintaining cross ven a on through mechanical means

the road and surrounding context addi�onal background sound from comercial area

some extent may be acceptable most sound stopped via eleva�on of area below intruding sounds

me will need to be controlled through materiality, as space is quite large volume

Retail area / sunken space

low lying space, with multple store and botequies. space should feel open to ous�de while not feeling underground but rather sunken

as commerical area, for shoppng and res�ng, secure envioment for commerce, with connec�ons both logis�cally and publicly

ven�la�on above space through natural circula�on with thermal massing from earth.

ligh�ng from above floor and internal commercial. up ligh�ng required for space to feel light and not as an underground space

minimal, as suken naturally ventalited area is under while temperature commercial tower maintained via thermal mass. retail spaces u�lise under floor displacement ventala�on.

controled via indivdual opera�ng controls as per each retail space. space then ventaled above through natural circula�on from street level

background sound produced from retail circual�on and other retail related effects

intruding sound should be totally mi�gated from difference in street level

reverbera�on should not be to much of a concern due to high expected load generated from peak use of people

1m inside retail spaces, within circula�on area 2-5m

design developed to utlise most of the level change between street level and retail spaces. sense of openess maintained were possible while retail zone remains a unique space through scatering of shops through individual “pods”

func�onal office space, allowing for tenancy fitout to suit required needs

Natural ventala�on drawn from atruim when required, through each floor level

office linear ligh�ng with downlights, capable intergratoin with tenancy fitout and requirements

minimal, as to subvert solar radia�on, inderict light accepted through facade lourve mega structure system

controled via indivdual opera�ng controls as per each office space. space then ventaled above through natural circula�on from adjacent atruim as required

background sound generated from thermal control systems and general office space

intruding sound should be totally mi�gated through facade treatment and glazing systems surrounding each office level

minimal as materiality of office should mi�gate any poten�al reverbera�on

2m

maximising the poten�al of an open office space while maintaining flexibility with office fit out. structural systems pushed to exterior leaving the floor plate flexibily to inter office tenancies and internal voids/atruims

Typical commercial effcient open plan office raised level space, with minimal intrusion from clima�c condi�ons. resul�ng in a year round working enviroment

8

spaces u�lise under floor displacement ventala�on. therefore floor is raised to accomodate this system while also avioding solar mass radia�on from extened floor plate to eaves.

Speech Intelligibility

Design

Space

2m

ven a on and control solar hea ng while avoiding direct solar ligh ng and mi ga ng the humidity. The design should also accommodate a space that is comfortable to relax while connec ng to the public.

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP Taking from the matrix the definitions and desires of individual spaces, the building as a whole will still need to establish a sense of place and connection between both inter and intra relationships. The building consists of three main functions the Super Structure, the Typical office layout, the Internal Atrium and the Retail level.

Threshold between each of these is designed for minimal impact on the public, creating a constant flow between each is important in establishing a building that works for its occupants. This minimal threshold design is generated through the sophisticated control of Lighting, Acoustics and Thermal systems.

Super-Structure; controls systems along all voids in the systems are controlled either independently or as grouped systems. As per facade details, the system is a mix of louvered control panels regulating the climate of the atrium.

Typical floor office space; connected via catwalk-ways to main atrium. These spaces act as threshold environments as subtle change is created between both spaces, due to light, thermal and acoustic systems.

Internal Atrium; acting as the main artery of the entire building. Each tower acts independently in this sense having control mechanisms to individual tenancy requirements, however the atrium is control overall by building manager as the interim between all levels. Enclosed on either side by fire escapes.

Retail Level; provides multiple shops and through access links between alternate sides of the site. This level is recessed below the street level acting as a retreat from the road side. Due to the lowering of the retail level allows for cross ventilation across the entire ground floor.

Each of which plays a major role in defining individual spaces and catering to their requirements, therefore creating consistent gradient flow between them requires spatial transition between each.

9

SITE PLAN MONTAGUE ROAD Connection between parks provided by thoroughfare between buildings Connection to street facilitated via open ground plane Massing of site moves away from the corner of Montague Rd and Boundary St, providing more solar access to park at new corner

BRERETON STREET

Super structure frees the ground plane allowing for public access to retail area from all points adjacent to the site Individual retail spaces and protected cafĂŠs / bars elevate sound impact from street and overhead planes Logistical delivery vehicle access from Oxford Street

ET

E TR

YS

U

AR D N

BO

Concept Design site plan, Established from the critic of Fitzpatrick & partners design proposal 10

Space gained via the removal of tower e creates room to expand local park

SITE MASSING Developing from the critique of the previous proposal for the site, the new development maximises the most out of the existing conditions to create a building with minimal impact to the surrounding environment.

Massing away from the corner of Boundary Street and Montague Road the angle of which maximises the potential for solar access to this park during winter. While additionally shading the adjacent buildings from direct solar heating of the afternoon sun during summer.

This massing strategy, as per shadow diagrams, alleviates the effects of overshadowing on the surrounding area due to the angle of winter sun. While also taking the benefits that were provided by self shading from the western sun. Additionally self shading is provided to the internal atrium during summer months helping to regulate solar heating gain. While in winter solar access in enabled helping to regulate temperature during this time, stabilising the climate controls.

While the building massing enables certain control for solar gain, an additional extension of the floor plate beyond the glazing allows for overshadowing of the eaves. This extends the time in which these windows can be open, without having to use other building control systems.

The superstructure in all this plays an important role as well in regulating the environmental control systems of the building , as the louvred and water control systems help mitigate un wanted solar gain.

WINTER SOLSTICE OVERALL SHADOW DIAGRAM

SUMMER SOLSTICE OVERALL SHADOW DIAGRAM 11

FACADE DESIGN The Super-Structure plays an important role in the control system of the entire building, control both the direct solar gain of the building and cross circulation through the internal atrium.

As part of three types of control systems the louvred facade acts independently in parts and others controlled via tenancy control systems. Regulating the desired solar gain is done through direction of the louvres along the entire facade or in parts for more direct control.

Additionally the whole system acts as a giant water tank, holding and storing water when desired to actively cool and chill air passing through the facade. This system is connected to all storm water collection on the site, and can be purged at any time to be used as grey water for the buildings utilities.

Overall this system acts as the vanguard for the entire building control system allowing for the skin of the building to adjust to climatic conditions as they arise, while also allowing for individual preference to dictate how this system works.

12

Tinted glazed windows between superstructure, louvres then placed on top of them. Louvres made out of solar panels, designed on tracks to follow the sun. Waterproof from glazing line, sealed and lined, Glass has 1:20 slope which pours storm water into the superstructure.

Guttering inside the structure takes the water through the facade into basement storage Treated timber louvres used to circulate and control airflow from main atrium. Air is carried across rooftop terrace through louvres to exterior. These louvres are control via building manager system that analysis air flow and temperature on the ground and retail levels Louvres here are controlled via their adjacent level with electronic control system, this controls the angular direction of the Louvres along the facade allow the controls of light levels. Louvres are treated timber louvres to match those above.

FACADE DETAIL

Roof panels are installed solar panels replacing the treated timber louvre system, this is then wired into building control systems and stored anlge is controled via automatic solar tracking

Roof panels are installed solar panels replacing the treated timber louvre system, this is then wired into building control systems and stored

When system is open louvres are angled allow air and solar radition to pass through filtering between both facade and interiors

When system is closed down the lourves are turned perpendicular to the sun, providing shade to interior spaces Air is able to pass between levels on exteior of building through grill installed along evaes

Louvre control systems and moniterring devices are intalled inside Super-Structure as required

Louvre control systems and moniterring devices are intalled inside Super-Structure as required

Water control system inside struture cools air as it pass trhough and by the system

Water control system inside struture cools air as it pass trhough and by the system

Heating from solar radiation along superstruture causes the water to heat as this occurs the system realese the water into underground stroage

Heating from solar radiation along superstruture causes the water to heat as this occurs the system realese the water into underground stroage

Closed System

Open System

13

ATRIUM SECTION Water is collected from facade into storage along main Super-Structure. This is then used as thermal control system helping to alleviate stresses cause by solar radiation. Water is collected from glazed elements between each void in Super structure, this glass is angled into the structure and is collected via internal guttering and piping Level 13 52500

Level 12 48500

Level 11 44500

Level 10 40500

Level 9

During rain the system along the roof is shutdown, however to control airflow the side facade is opened up so how and humid air is transfered out of the atrium As air passes through atrium and exposed to either the plant along the ground floor or plant along the internal core and alike, the air is heated. This then forces the air to rise up and through the facade control system, and in the process shedding the heat from the inside of the building.

36500

Level 8 32500

Level 7 28500

Sound reverberation and deflection are controlled along both external fire stairs, as sound absorbing materials are placed along them as balustrades making the sound buffers between inside and outside environments

Level 6 24500

Level 5 20500

Level 4 16500

Level 3 12500

Level 2 8500

Level 1 4500

Ground floor 0

Retail Level -3000

14

Trees along the ground plane, when planted on the retail air, slow wind moving through the open ground plane and therefore helping redirect it and enable it to act as a heat transfer for the retail area.

The retail area is lowered down to allow for total cross circulation of the ground plane, while additionally helping to create environments were avoidance from intruding sounds is maximized.

OVERALL SECTION Extended floor plates on the office allows for some solar protection due to this extension of the eaves, this in combination of the facade control system allows for complete control of thermal gain on each floor

As air passes through atrium and exposed to either the plant along the ground floor or plant along the internal core and alike, the air is heated. This then forces the air to rise up and through the facade control system, and in the process shedding the heat from the inside of the building.

When the louvered system is closed solar radiation is absorbed in the form of electricity through louvered solar panels that are along the roof facade. When this system is open air and light is allowed into the atrium providing indirect and or direct solar lighting to the retail levels

Level 13 52500

Level 12 48500

Level 11 44500

Level 10 40500

Level 9 36500

Level 8 32500

Level 7 28500

Level 6 24500

Level 5 20500

Level 4 16500

Level 3 12500

Level 2 8500

Level 1 4500

Ground floor 0

Retail Level -3000

The retail area is lowered down to allow for total cross circulation of the ground plane, while additionally helping to create environments were avoidance from intruding sounds is maximized.

As heat is generated by people using the retail area and the heat generated from the mechanical systems used in the retail are the heated is transfered either through convection of air as it moves through the space.

Trees along the ground plane, when planted on the retail air, slow wind moving through the open ground plane and therefore helping redirect it and enable it to act as a heat transfer for the retail area.

15

ATRIUM DETAIL DESIGN

16

ATRIUM SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP The Atrium, as the entrance to the building supports all other spaces from its placement and design. Integrating the thresholds as discussed in the overall spatial relationships, the atrium transitions between Retail area, to individual shops, to bars and cafĂŠs, to main circulation artery of the building.

This is achieved through the application of Lighting, Acoustic and thermal controls.

Utilised in different ways in different spaces as the systems controls are either independent of the whole building management system or combined. While the independent shops are controlled via independent mechanical systems, the entirety of the remaining space is passively controlled via the building management system.

Therefore the mechanism to control the threshold between them and the thresholds themselves most act in a way that is required via the Australian Standards and functional requirements.

Ceiling Feature is applied to all of the underside of the level 01 slab, this is treated to absorb sound as to mitigate reverberation through the space and the atrium. Additionally this creates and interesting contrast to the structured ground floor while also connecting to the facade as a motif.

The cafes or restaurants bars are placed between the stairs against the external wall. Because these are lowered spaces against these walls they are protected against most intrusive sound, while also connecting and enjoying the atrium space.

The lift lobby and entire atrium create, as described previously a direction for natural circulation, allow convection of heat below. Though this space also ties in the retail to the office functions above creating an open space to act as a threshold between all these elements.

Retail Level; provides multiple shops and through access links between alternate sides of the site. This level is recessed below the street level acting as a retreat from the road side. Due to the lowering of the retail level allows for cross ventilation across the entire ground floor.

The individual break up off the shop extends these transitions and threshold creating unique controlled environments for each. Independent of other shops control systems this allows tenants to create there own sense of unique space to each environment.

Connection of the space to the exterior and therefore public realm is done in a way that allows for ease between both public, public- private, private public and private.

This threshold in itself creates a space that is inviting to the general public and also provides something to the public realm.

GROUND FLOOR RETAIL LEVEL

17

FLOOR PLAN Fire stairs are located on exteriors of atruim, helping to control airflow through the building, while additionally acting as a sound barrier to the road Shops located underneath office areas, utilising individualised internal spaces Internal atruim denoted as dashed line, refer to atruim sections Exterior structure extends down to retail level. Louvred systems is stoped on level 01 and therefore not preventing any movement through the structure Internal planting acts as wind barrier accorss atruim space, slowing down the velocity of the wind through the open ground plane

IV

90

638

Each shop, ustilises its on displacement ventalation system with FCU using stack elevation brought in from open atruim space Lift lobby lies in the centre of the atruim enabling it to utilse the central air flow, due to thermal modeling. As the lift lobby remains one of the main natrual heating systems of offices, due to thermal mass from people conrugating around it waiting I

Cafe area / bar lies against the external boundary between both stairs, this is to limit the expousre to intrusive sounds and loud background sounds

II

III

52170

SITE PLAN

18

1:250 GROUND FLOOR

REFLECTED CEILING PLAN Underside of level 01 atached system of 6.5mm hardboard with 19% open area, 25mm glasswool, with 25mm air gap, divided into vertical panels to maximise surface area for sound absorbion Lighting feature runs linear lighting between soundproofing system, lights run in channel created between sound proofing elements Individual lighting system as per each retail shop catered to individual tenancy requirements Acoustic panneling to all shop reatil areas

IV

Flashing runs along edge of underside of level 01, flush with acousitic panneling feature.

90

638

I

II

52170

SITE PLAN

1:250 GROUND FLOOR 19

THERMAL: ATRIUM I,II The atrium is passively cooled via cross circulation from the ground plane. This is achieved via lowering the retail area below the ground level this also allows for the circulation of air across the plant from the retail area.

This area is not heated in any way by mechanical systems and is rather controlled by the building control systems that maintain and control the roof facade louvre system either allowing light into the space or not.

This then heats the concrete floor acting as a thermal mass to heat the are as required.

Due to this the concrete, the ground maintains a thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/m2K As cool air passes over the shops, the heat generated via the shops and occupants heats the air around it which then rises into and through the atrium

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

20

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

Solar Radiation is controlled via building control system, as per the facade system this controls whether the lobby receives natural heating front the sun

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

Water cooled Super-Structure via internal storm water collection cools air as it passes along the ground plane

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

THERMAL: INDIVIDUAL RETAIL IV The Individual shops are cooled via a Displacement Ventilation system. This provides cooling to each individual shop, that can be controlled independently The air is delivered through flexible floor grills located inside the room. The room is then insulated via the double glazed walls.

The due point between summer months is on average about 21.4 degrees therefore the system will require that limits are placed on the temperature control during these months to avoid damage created by due.

6mm Low E glass / 50mm air gap / 6mm low E glass with timber frames; approximate U value 1.8 The conditioned air is then vented out of the building through the above louvre system. This then via convection is transferred away through the atrium, this is achieved via natural circulation.

Due to due point during Summer the internal mechanical air-conditioning controls require limiter to prevent moisture build up on surface of glass

As heat rises, the hot air is collected and then evacuated from the shop via mechanical ducting which is feed into the retail, which is then cooled via natural convection and cross ventilation

21

ACOUSTIC: ATRIUM IV Background Sound

Intruding Sounds

This results in a reverberation time;

Main causes of background sound come from the roads and from aircraft. These are ideally minimised as much as possible to provide a comfortable space.

Intruding sounds can either be taken as aircraft under certain circumstances however it has been advised that this will be taken as a background sound due to the frequency in which they are expected.

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1KHz 2KHz 4KHz 1.1 .9 .5 .4 .5 .5

Montague Road: Boundary Street: Aircraft flyover:

70 dBA LAeq 67 dBA LAeq 78 dBA LAmax

These sounds are masked by the majority of the building however both enter through openings in the building. The street level is mildly masked, however the aircraft sound is disrupted by the control systems along the facade at roof level reducing the sound down to 47.3 dBA, when open at 45o, when shut the sound is unnoticeable.

Diffused sounds through out the space are majority people talking and footsteps, though these do not effect the space.

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

22

Reverberation Due to the large volume of the space, 167750m2, considerable effort has to be taken to control the reverberation time.

The main surfaces consist of; Glazing: 6470m2 Concrete: 8752m2 Specialised Ceiling finish: 65291m2

This is mostly the result of the specialised ceiling finish, consisting of 6.5mm with 19% open area, 25mm glass-wool and 25mm air-gap battens placed along the underside of level 01.

Speech Intelligibly The desired speech intelligibility of 2-5m is achieved under background sound circumstances however, when foreground sounds are taken into account, as per appendix, speech becomes more difficult.

Additionally this space has considerable opening to the outside; 3184m2

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

REFER TO INDIVIDUAL RETAIL DRAWINGS

ACOUSTIC: INDIVIDUAL RETAIL IV Background Sound Main causes of background sound come from the roads and from aircraft. These are ideally minimised as much as possible to provide a comfortable space.

Overall the sound is masked by the Partition walls and is reduced to 43.4 dBA.

Montague Road: Boundary Street: Aircraft flyover:

Intruding sounds can either be taken as aircraft under certain circumstances however it has been advised that this will be taken as a background sound due to the frequency in which they are expected.

Though under the matrix, these sounds should be totally mitigated, which if taking the background sound are.

70 dBA LAeq 67 dBA LAeq 78 dBA LAmax

These sounds are masked the shop walls and surrounding structure the, additionally also applied in the calculation of background sound is the surrounding shoppers and cafĂŠs that are taken into account.

Due to the majority of low frequency background sounds the partition has been built as follows; 6mm Glass / 50mm Air-gap / 6mm glass with a timber frame

Intruding Sounds

The main surfaces consist of;

Speech Intelligibly

Glazing: 120m2 Concrete: 50m2 Plasterboard Ceiling: 50m2 The inventory of the shop: 40m2

The desired speech intelligibility of 2-5m is achieved under all recorded circumstances and is achievable.

The resulting reverberation time is; 125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1KHz 2KHz 4KHz .8 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Reverberation

The result is a conservative one as the result will vary with the tenants choice of inventory inside the store. The numbers calculated for this are quite conservative and exclude variables such as the materiality of the inventory.

Due to the varying spaces in which the shops occupy, to be safe in calculating the reverberation the largest room has been tested, this room is 200m3.

Overall this space fit the Australian standards for required commercial spaces, while also provide a higher quality, then recommended.

23

ACOUSTIC: CAFE IV Background Sound

Reverberation

Main causes of background sound come from the roads and from aircraft. These are ideally minimised as much as possible to provide a comfortable space.

Montague Road: Boundary Street: Aircraft flyover:

70 dBA LAeq 67 dBA LAeq 78 dBA LAmax

These are masked through the positioning and locating of the shop away from these sounds. Additionally the design and integration of the roof on the sound considerably reduces the effects.

Due to the majority of low frequency background sounds the roof feature has been built as follows; 5mm plywood / 50mm air space filled with glass-wool

24

Overall the sound is masked by the Partition walls and is reduced to 25.1 dBA. However when these slats are opened up the sound is increased to 67.6 dBA. Though due to the considerable foreground sound this should be masked.

Due to the varying space under which the cafe can operate a lenient size has been used to measure, this room is 75m3.

The main surfaces consist of; Openings: 10m2 Roof Feature: 50m2

Intruding Sounds

The resulting reverberation time is;

Intruding sounds can either be taken as aircraft under certain circumstances however it has been advised that this will be taken as a background sound due to the frequency in which they are expected.

Though under the matrix, these sounds should be totally mitigated, which if taking the background sound are.

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1KHz 2KHz 4KHz .4 .4 .6 .7 1.0 1.0 The result is a conservative one as the result will vary with the tenants choice of inventory inside the cafe. The numbers have not been calculated as it is not know what the end result of these spaces will become, however what is provided is sufficient for most cases.

Overall this space fit the Australian standards for required commercial spaces, while also provide a higher quality, then recommended.

Speech Intelligibly The desired speech intelligibility of 2-5m is achieved under background sound circumstances however, when foreground sounds are taken into account, as per appendix, speech becomes more difficult.

25

LIGHTING: ATRIUM The Atrium is lit mainly by natural lighting that pours in through the top and sides of the space. This is controlled from building control systems that determine the resulting solar radiation entering the space.

Due to the surfaces along these spaces the internal lighting becomes deflected and scattered lighting up the majority of the ground floor retail. This either occurs due to indirect or direct lighting. This indirect lighting scheme is what is the preferred method of lighting for the space during day hours where internal luminaire are used when required at different levels.

Due to eventual solar shading the lighting scheme of the interior is slowly substituted with artificial lighting until sufficient lighting is achieved by natural light, as per Australian standards. This happens at a gradient level for different towers. Though what has been modelled has shown that by 3pm in the afternoon 50% dimming is required while 9 am in the morning is required, this of course does not represent the whole year.

The artificial lighting scheme has been designed to create adequate lighting as per Standards for circulation paths, though additionally lighting is provided to certain areas for the retention of threshold easing.

As per the night time scheme more lux is provided to spaces connecting to offices so changes in lighting brightness is not painful.

This is then continued down the building as lighting for the catwalks start at 250Lux and the ground floor is set to achieve 150Lux at 100% dimming.

Due to the design pushing the atrium below ground level, the space has been designed to be as light as possible, to generate the feeling of a secure, safe and enjoyable environment

26

Day time Natural lighting scheme, per DiaLux

Analysis Day time Natural lighting scheme, per DiaLux

500.00 Lux 437.50 Lux 375.00 Lux 312.50 Lux 250.00 Lux 187.50 Lux 125.00 Lux 62.50 Lux 0.00 Lux

LIGHTING: ATRIUM DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

DL

46 60

DL

Night time artificial lighting scheme, per DiaLux

Analysis Night time artificial lighting scheme, per DiaLux

32 90

DL

500.00 Lux 437.50 Lux 375.00 Lux

Atrium RCP 1:200

As per the above RCP DL indicates the ERCO surface mounted downlights, these lights are used as per the case study of Sydney ICC. These lights are hung via wires across the space providing light to the surface below, the wiring and service of the lights remains easy and negotiable as the wiring is traversed across the wire supports.

This system is used in conjunction with Zumtobel linear lighting that is used under the catwalks to illuminate the circulation spaces between the tower levels. These then wash the walls where entrances lie helping to guide people through the building.

312.50 Lux 250.00 Lux 187.50 Lux 125.00 Lux 62.50 Lux 0.00 Lux Reference image: Sydney ICC wire hanging lighting

27

LIGHTING: RETAIL

Lighting to the retail space is done in a way to lighten the effect that the below ground level area has on the space as a whole.

The feature ceiling as created for sound reverberation in the atrium is utilised to create a design feature that would otherwise be a boring underneath of the level above.

Standard ceiling hanges / batten system attached to level 01 slab Plasterboard ceiling painted black ZUMTOBEL TECTON luminarie 6.5mm plywood with 19% open area, 25mm glasswool and 25mm air gap batens

This is done in a way to hide the actual luminaire while providing sufficient lighting to the standards, as per Australian standards.

This linear system diverts the eye from the road into and underneath the building into and therefore into the retail area. The long lines of which guide the space along the underside of the building The effect this has then on the materiality of the battened panelled system creates ripples along the ceiling feature. Designed in a way so to not feel crushed under the mass of the building the lights illuminate the ceiling creating a feature that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t just provide lighting to the retail area, but also provides a sense of comfort and place to the environment.

ZUMTOBEL TECTON luminaries placed alond grid following roof feature Exterior flashing finished to match above

Retail Area RCP 1:200, Ceiling Detail 1:20

28

LIGHTING: RETAIL

The lighting scheme for the retail area is divided between two cycles, in which indirect daylighting plays a major role. As the space is underneath the main floor plate of the tower, natural lighting only comes through openings along each of its edges.

During daytime, indirect natural lighting maintains the required lux levels for the circulation space raising it well above 500Lux. Though due to the spaces design and position the space still feels gloomy due to the over head slab of level 01. That is why during day hours the artificial lighting remains on to lighten up the ceiling and give the impression of it glowing. This is done with the lights only at 10% their overall output.

Day time Natural lighting scheme, per DiaLux

Night time artificial lighting scheme, per DiaLux

During night the space requires artificial lighting at all times. This is provided via the luminaries as discussed previously.

The lighting overall is elevated to quite a bright light to assist with shopping, but also to generate a sense of comfort in the environment. Ranging between 350Lux to 250Lux the space is considerably lighter then the atrium through this is due to the corridors and tighter circulation spaces located here.

Additionally to the lighting provided in this analysis the individual shops have spill lighting coming from there shops, through the glazed partitions. This has not been calculated in these results shown here.

Analysis Day time Natural lighting scheme, per DiaLux

Analysis Night time artificial lighting scheme, per DiaLux

500.00 Lux 437.50 Lux 375.00 Lux 312.50 Lux 250.00 Lux 187.50 Lux 125.00 Lux 62.50 Lux 0.00 Lux 29

LIGHTING: INDIVIDUAL RETAIL

The lighting scheme for the individual retail has been shown here for the largest shop in the total design proposal. The shop lighting design is done under the premise that each tenants has their own needs and desires and will each arrange things differently as per they require.

Therefore the luminaire used are ERCO Compact Double wall-washer that enable the tenant to set up their shop however they want. As the overlapping lighting angles enable layouts to change as lighting is directed and diffused through out the space.

Night time artificial lighting scheme, per DiaLux

As per the reflected ceiling plan LN indicates the location of this lighting system. As per the Australian Standards the lighting scheme has provided adequate coverage of the space, averaging about 250Lux in most spaces.

It is assumed that with tenant will fit out any desired feature lighting treatments, would be done with pendent lighting, and or task lighting. While the ceiling has also been installed as suspended plasterboard ceiling, this enables the tenant to also quickly install any lighting as they desire.

Additionally the lighting from the shop supplyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spill lighting to the corridors and circulation space around the shop.

Analysis Night time artificial lighting scheme, per DiaLux

Shop RCP 1:50

500.00 Lux 437.50 Lux 375.00 Lux 312.50 Lux 250.00 Lux 187.50 Lux 125.00 Lux 62.50 Lux 0.00 Lux

30

LUMINAIRE PART LIST ATRIUM 73 Pieces

ERCO GmbH: Compact Surface mounted down-light oval flood Luminous flux (Luminaire): 2689 lm Luminous flux (lamps): 3300lm Luminaire Wattage: 30.0 W

Lighting laid out on wire grid, mirroring the structural grid from external structure.

Lights placed hanging from intersections of wire grid. Wiring and other essential equipment is laid out along the wire gird

Fitting: 1x LED 24W neutral white

39 Pieces

ZUMTOBEL TECTON 1/49W T16 WH Luminous flux (Luminaire): 4129 lm Luminous flux (lamps): 4300lm Luminaire Wattage: 52.5 W

Lighting used as threshold element between catwalks and office. Lights flush with underside of each catwalk.

Fitting: 1x T16 49W

RETAIL AREA 142 Pieces / retail area

ZUMTOBEL TECTON 1/49W T16 WH Luminous flux (Luminaire): 4129 lm Luminous flux (lamps): 4300lm Luminaire Wattage: 52.5 W

Lighting between acoustic ceiling feature, hidden between gap created between elements. See retail area RCP or details for location.

Fitting: 1x T16 49W

INDIVIDUAL SHOP 35 Pieces / Shop

ERCO GmbH: Compact Double wall-washer Luminous flux (Luminaire): 1699 lm Luminous flux (lamps): 3300lm Luminaire Wattage: 30.0 W

Individual shop lighting as per tenancy requirements, though double wall washers installed as default. Used because of there ability to have overlapping lighting patterns, enabling tenancy fit-out flexibility in design.

Fitting: 1x LED 24W neutral white

31

REFERENCE PAGE ERCO Lighting, 2017, http://www.erco.com/en/ LUMsearch, 2017, http://lumsearch.com/en#0 Zumtobel Lighting, 2017, http://www.zumtobel.com/au-en/index.html Autodesk, Thermal Properties of Materials, 2017, https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/thermal-properties-materials Wilson. J, Electronics cooling, Thermal Properties of building Materials, 2008, https://www.electronics-cooling.com/2008/02/thermal-properties-of-building-materials/ Calculators, Fletcher Insulation, 2016, http://insulation.com.au/tools/calculators/ Ecowho, sustainable living calculating, https://www.ecowho.com/tools/r_ value_calculator.php AS 2107, Acoustics - Recommended design sound levels and reverberation times for building interiors AS 1680, Interior lighting Measurement, calculation and presentation of photometric data

32

APPENDIX Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3

Psychrometric Chart Lighting Summarys - DiaLux Sound Data - Soundscape

33

34

Project 5

Project 5 08.06.2017

08.06.2017

Operator Telephone Fax e-Mail

Operator Telephone Fax e-Mail

Internal Shopping / Night Time / Summary

Height of Room: 7.400 m, Mounting Height: 7.400 m, Light loss factor: 0.80 Surface Workplane Floor Ceiling Walls (20)

Values in Lux, Scale 1:769

 [%]

Eav [lx]

Emin [lx]

Emax [lx]

u0

/ 27 15 0

335 301 84 132

105 85 33 22

463 456 143 916

0.314 0.281 0.396 /

Internal Shopping / Daytime 12 / Summary

Height of Room: 7.400 m, Mounting Height: 7.400 m, Light loss factor: 0.80 Surface Workplane Floor Ceiling Walls (20)

Values in Lux, Scale 1:769

 [%]

Eav [lx]

Emin [lx]

Emax [lx]

u0

/ 27 15 0

1115 1102 367 704

120 135 235 153

3495 3903 521 2731

0.108 0.122 0.642 /

Workplane: Height: 0.750 m Grid: 128 x 128 Points Boundary Zone: 0.500 m Illuminance Quotient (according to LG7): Walls / Working Plane: - , Ceiling / Working Plane: - .

Workplane: Height: 0.750 m Grid: 128 x 128 Points Boundary Zone: 0.500 m Illuminance Quotient (according to LG7): Walls / Working Plane: - , Ceiling / Working Plane: - .

Luminaire Parts List

Pure daylight scene, no luminaires involved.

No.

Pieces

1

142

Designation (Correction Factor) ZUMTOBEL TECTON 1/49W T16 WH + TECTON PK 1/35/49/80 1464 UV + TECTON SH 35/49/80 (1.000)

 (Luminaire) [lm]

 (Lamps) [lm]

P [W]

4129

4300

52.5

Total:

586323

Total:

610600 7455.0

Specific connected load: 7.06 W/m² = 2.11 W/m²/100 lx (Ground area: 1056.29 m²)

Page 1

Page 1

35

Project 5

Project 5 08.06.2017

08.06.2017

Operator Telephone Fax e-Mail

Operator Telephone Fax e-Mail

Atruim / Light scene 1 / Summary

Height of Room: 55.000 m, Light loss factor: 0.80 Surface Workplane Floor Ceiling Walls (33)

Values in Lux, Scale 1:767

 [%]

Eav [lx]

Emin [lx]

Emax [lx]

u0

/ 20 70 28

156 148 5.58 12

43 32 2.99 1.32

197 195 19 661

0.273 0.216 0.536 /

Workplane: Height: 0.750 m Grid: 128 x 128 Points Boundary Zone: 0.500 m Illuminance Quotient (according to LG7): Walls / Working Plane: 0.079, Ceiling / Working Plane: 0.036.

Pieces

1

73

2

39

Designation (Correction Factor)

 (Luminaire) [lm]

 (Lamps) [lm]

P [W]

2689

3300

30.0

4129

4300

52.5

ERCO GmbH 84536000_V04 Compact Surface-mounted downlight oval flood (1.000) ZUMTOBEL TECTON 1/49W T16 WH + TECTON PK 1/35/49/80 1464 UV + TECTON SH 35/49/80 (1.000) Total:

357317

Total:

Height of Room: 3.000 m, Mounting Height: 3.000 m, Light loss factor: 0.80 Surface Workplane Floor Ceiling Walls (4)

Values in Lux, Scale 1:165

 [%]

Eav [lx]

Emin [lx]

Emax [lx]

u0

/ 27 78 15

308 199 57 135

20 15 36 25

453 364 102 384

0.065 0.075 0.628 /

Workplane: Height: 0.750 m Grid: 128 x 128 Points Boundary Zone: 0.500 m Illuminance Quotient (according to LG7): Walls / Working Plane: 0.358, Ceiling / Working Plane: 0.186.

Luminaire Parts List No.

Shop / Light scene 1 / Summary

408600 4237.5

Luminaire Parts List No.

Pieces

1

35

Designation (Correction Factor)

 (Luminaire) [lm]

 (Lamps) [lm]

P [W]

1699

3300

30.0

ERCO GmbH 84159000_V04 Compact Double wallwasher (1.000) Total:

59474

Total:

115500 1050.0

Specific connected load: 10.26 W/m² = 3.33 W/m²/100 lx (Ground area: 102.30 m²)

Specific connected load: 4.18 W/m² = 2.69 W/m²/100 lx (Ground area: 1012.74 m²)

Page 1

36

Page 1

Cafe / Bar 37

Atrium 38

Individual Shop 39

40