John Christopher Muller : Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning Portfolio

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & URBAN PLANNING PORTFOLIO JOHN CHRISTOPHER MULLER

John Christopher Muller chris.muller@btinternet.com Ba Honours Landscape Architecture & Planning The Sheffield School of Landscape Architecture Class of 2015

AN UNEXPECTED REALISATION: I will always remember playing the strategic computer game “Age of Empires” relentlessly throughout my childhood and adolescence.

It is a game that provides you with the opportunity to destroy and dominate empires; to create your own civilization and essentially rule the world. The game could be quite barbaric with its epic war scenarios accompanied by the occasional pixel of blood and gore. However, despite these rather “charming” aspects of the game, I always enjoyed creating my cities the most.

Planning the urban infrastructure was deeply fulfilling... I was very pedantic, ensuring that the city worked efficiently and looked like a virtual rival to some of the greatest, earliest civilizations such as Constantinople and Beijing. I would focus for a very long-time on how I wanted my city to look, acknowledging architecture and designating appropriate functions for different spaces, such as residential areas and agricultural areas. I always found it particularly challenging and time consuming, how I would layout my market with in the town square... a rather redundant and perhaps pointless decision, considering that the other half of my city was now being raided and ruthlessly destroyed by my opponent’s intimidating army. But it had to be perfect. The function and layout of the city had to correlate with one another and I always felt I was being extremely considerate of my little villagers (whom by this point are now being slaughtered and pillaged by the aforementioned military force) providing them with a fabulous urban experience.

Unsurprisingly...I never really won a lot... nevertheless it was bizarrely through this game that I began to develop an interest in the urban form. Consequently, throughout my nurtured exploration in Landscape Architecture undertaken at the University of Sheffield, these interests in urban design and strategic planning were requited once again...

PROJECTS: RIVERSIDE QUARTER

NT PME LO VE DE CATHEDRAL QUARTER

SHEFFIELD CITY CENTRE

UNIVERSITY QUARTER

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FO

DEVELOPMENT

RETAIL QUARTER

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MA

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AN

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IN FOR MAL RECREATION

1.0 CULTURAL INDUSTRIES QUARTER

COMMUNITY REVIVA L

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ION ENT RV TE IN

RK MEWO FRA AL IC OG OL EC

AN RB

ANTIQUE QUARTER

Restoring the Creative Heart of Sheffield

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Strategic Urban Intervention at the Cultural Industries Quarter

2.0

The Trail of Four Churches A Theoretical Exploration of Urban Regeneration: Reviving Sheffield’s Historical Spaces

3.0

Castlegate Designing Sheffield’s Contemporary Urban Stronghold

UNDERGRADUATE WORK

1.0 Restoring the Creative Heart of Sheffield Strategic Urban Intervention at the Cultural Industries Quarter Level 2 2014 Spring Semester STAGE 1: Urban Strategic Planning

Shortlisted for the: Rosie Reynolds Prize for Excellence in Design and Urban Planning

The Cultural Industries Quarter (CIQ) project is notably one of the most beloved by all of the School of Landscape Architecture Students. It was my first introduction to the practice of urban planning and it was throughout this project that my creativity was pushed so that in return, I was able to expand my own understanding of the challenges that threaten the contemporary urban landscape.

Consequently, this involved intensive exploration and it was during this time that we formed a strategy around the notion of a series of words: Provoke, Share, Teach and Consume.

These words represented the function of the Quarters key communal buildings and thus we decided that they would represent the conceptual anchors that will pull together our proposals for the areas new functional, social, ecological and As a failing designated Urban Conservation Area urban purposes. it was incredibly challenging to put forward any ideas that would ‘kick start’ the quarter’s vital regeneration without the appropriate levels of planning and research. It was through this first stage of urban planning that I was able to explore the vital roles of urban districts and how their social and ecological structures formed a series of multifarious layers that all together comprised the character and complex systems or modern day living in Sheffield.

The primary aims at stage one of the project was to research and evaluate the function of the CIQ; in groups we were to explore its relationship with the city’s surrounding quarters and put forward a conceptualised strategy that would see the areas regenerative ignition.

RIVERSIDE QUARTER

NT E M P LO E V DE CATHEDRAL QUARTER

SHEFFIELD CITY CENTRE

UNIVERSITY QUARTER

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DEVELOPMENT

RETAIL QUARTER

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MA

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AN

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IN FOR MAL RECREATION

CULTURAL INDUSTRIES QUARTER

COMMUNITY REVIVA L

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ANTIQUE QUARTER

ION ENT RV TE IN

Conceptual Strategy of the cited development at the CIQ and proposed incremental growth of urban and social development

EWORK RAM F AL IC G O OL C E

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Contextual Framework:

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URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE • Create a linked network of spaces; streets, squares and courtyards as multifunctional destinations • Create land uses which generate and encourage pedestrian movement and activity throughout the day, or night.

• Create an exciting and vibrant urban corridor that consists of a series of streetscapes that stimulates sensory qualities and actively promotes independent business

(d)

Education District

PROV

4.

Buildings for Development (e)

Areas for Development Pedestrian Connections The Gold Route Key Buildings 1. The Moors Market 2. St. Mary’s Church 3. UTC College 4. Site Gallery Proposes Open Spaces (a) Howard Court (b) Millenium Square (c) Porter Park (d) Furnival Square (e) Crasher Gardens (f) Sylvester Gardens

(c)

MA K

• Improve streets as public spaces: “Roads no longer merely lead to places they are places” (Graham Roberts, 2006)

(b)

KE O

E

3.

1.

ME

• Employ temporary usage as a valuable tool enabling communities to control their future and environment

Artists District

SU

• Promoting developments that fill ‘gap sites’ and refurbish under-utilised buildings in a way that complements the overall development of the area.

(a)

CO

N

(f)

2.

S H A RE

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ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE • Create an efficient ecological network throughout the CIQ • Link existing green network with proposed green corridors • Use street trees to link the CIQ with the city centre • Maximise the benefits of landscape characteristics and strategically placed vegetation to increase energy efficiency 4.

• Build a resilient urban landscape using integrated water management to manage flood risk, water resources and water quality • Ecologically enrich streetscapes as multifunctional green networks that beautify, benefit biodiversity and combat adverse effects of climate change and the harsh urban environment

3.

1.

Art Streets Ecological Parks Green Streets

2.

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Mary Street Following the planning stage, strategies and ideas were tested at a conceptual level exploring how urban space and brownfield sites could be redeveloped to accommodate new uses .

Community regeneration and integrated urban drainage systems were experimented with at this stage in order to investigate how smaller design interventions can have a profound social, ecological and economic effect on the wider urban context.

Sylvester Street & Niche Corner Streetscape revival involved creating a diverse spatial sequence ensuring streets retained their unique character.

Social and economic stimulation had to collaborate sensitively with the development of the existing urban fabric by improving legibility and variety of landmark buildings.

Proposals had to promote and utilise underused and neglected streetscapes by refurbishing underutilised buildings that are synonymous with the CIQ’s industrial heritage.

2.0 The Trail of Four Churches A Theoretical Exploration of Urban Regeneration: Reviving Sheffield’s Historical Spaces Level 3 2015 Spring Semester STAGE 2: Urban Strategic Planning & Theoretical Exploration

This urban regeneration project revolved around the pedestrian experience. Sheffield is a city that is comprised of many urban trails, and as students we were encouraged to explore the effects of an urban trail and its benefits as an intervention to encourage urban spatial revitalisation.

A number of churches and religious houses have been identified as pivotal landmarks at which the orientation of the trail changes; transcending through the inner districts of the city, it leads pedestrians through vital spaces that once upheld the ability to encourage making, sharing, teaching and learning; places of strong social interaction....

Sheffield has an indubitably rich precinctive places of life! history that is sturdily yielded to its configuration of diverse communities. Once a city of many immigrants, Sheffield has a strong network of churches and various religious houses each of which have played a pivotal role in defining the city’s vast range of unique district communities.

With an investigation of key urban theory, this trail explores the urban morphology of Sheffield and its relationship with key communal buildings and spaces.

Commencing from one of the highest points in the city at St Vincents Church, the trail links Sheffield’s historical spaces with surrounding urban trails and eventually concludes at Castlegate where many of the city’s trails intersect.

The trail then pursues to meander through the urban valley exposing the internal spaces that have historically played pivotal roles in defining Sheffield as a city of industry and trade.

A City of Trails:

The trail of four churches is a befitting urban intervention for Sheffield, a city richly comprised of numerous walking trail and routes. As shown on this diagrammatic map, these routes span vigorously across the city linking both urban and rural aspects of Sheffield and its surrounding suburban districts. Each route promotes something unique and individual about Sheffield, predominantly focusing on linking historical aspects of the city through the pedestrian experience.

ive eF Th

+ KELHAM

s eir W

W

+ BURNGREAVE

ISLAND

alk

E TH R VE RI

N DO

+ THE WICKER + ST VINCENTS The Blu e Lo op

QUARTER

Grey to Green

+ CASTLEGATE

ASIN CANAL B

+ VICTORIA QUAYS

+ CATHEDRAL QUARTER

+ UNIVERISTY QUARTER

Steel Route

SHEFFIELD CITY CENTRE

+ DEVONSHIRE QUARTER

Go ld R ou t e

+ PARK HILL

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TRAIL AIMS & OBJECTIVES This urban trail aims to...

^Revive, Reconnect & Grow: any spaces are a rare element to come by in a city, especially ones with vibrant historical character. Reviving redundant spaces is and reconnecting them with people is essential and encourages communities to form and grow within positive nurturing environments.

Revive Sheffield’s system of dormant historical spaces and buildings by:

Re-establish a strong sense of community along the trail by:

• linking multiple spaces together with a designated walking trail; • ensuring that the trail transects right through the entire space guaranteeing people to encounter it; • promoting this trail as a main route and link it

with other trails to increase choice and variety in terms of navigating through the city centre

• revitalise abandoned or/and derelict historical buildings and spaces by restoring them and encourage a plenitude of diverse usage that can expand into the urban space

Enhance the pedestrian experience throughout such spaces; improving their responsiveness and experiential qualities by: • providing variety for pedestrians and ensure that the urban space offers them choice on how to experience their relationship with space and the surrounding urban environment Stimulate social economic and environmental revival of the Cathedral Quarter by:

^^People: spaces need to provide for a range of people and should attract communities to inhabit them and keep them active. People attract people and ensuring that spaces are multifunctional and offer variety will continue to uphold a strong social culture from various types of people .

• encouraging and providing the opportunity for local niche businesses and commerce that are unique to Sheffield to be a part of such spaces and development • ensuring that nature and ecology play a role in the redevelopment of these spaces; exploit tree canopy and urban drainage systems; • strengthening the pedestrian interaction between historical architecture and open urban space blending in edges and encouraging vibrant activity along them

A SERIES OF VISUAL REVELATIONS The following drawings demonstrate and brings to life the vision for Sheffield’s cathedral quarter and its hidden spaces. The proposals outlined in the drawings are the result of theory and case study analysis.

Vision:

Aims: Retain and restore the series of squares and courtyards and activate them as places where communities can grow and spaces that offer the opportunity and choice for strong social interaction.

Link the spaces by providing visual clues that lead pedestrians through a sequence of revelations and entice them to feed their curiosity and explore urban space.

Retain and restore the historical built form that define these spaces and their character; primarily focus on key buildings such as the abandoned churches and ensure that their newly envisaged functions coincide with the development of the space so that boundaries between urban space and architecture are active and permeable.

Provide for community growth by ensuring that these spaces are multifunctional and can offer the opportunity to be used in different ways by surrounding communities.

4

“To revive one of Sheffield’s unique urban quarters restoring its collection of pocket spaces that are connected together by the proposed urban trail; reconnecting pedestrians with the rich historical spaces of the city and offering the opportunity for communities to expand from within and around these spaces.”

3

5 1

6

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1: Silver Street Head Pinched entrance points ignite my curiosity for they amplify the size of distant space...hmmm...I am curious...what’s beyond those trees?

2: Paradise Square The trees uphold the charm of this unique space forming arcades and interesting edges...the gap in the plantings rhythm is indicating a place to go...I wonder...

3: Wheats Lane Intimacy and linearity allow light and shadow to walk along side me...courtyards and their interesting sounds of people pull me in ...

4: North St. I am brought here to this street where life hangs on the edges of structure...people walk the streets confidently...trees blend the functions of spaces together... what’s around that corner....

5: St. Peter’s Close Whoah! An arena of life!...Markets...arcades...workshops...hotels...a curious mix...yet the life with in this intimate space would not be sustained without the other...

5: St. Peter’s Close The courtyard pulls me around its buildings...I could be somewhere else. The richness and ‘awkwardness’ of building arrangement defines the whimsical qualities of this space... what’s through there?

7: Campo Lane A plenitude of greenery and nature concealed with in the street by vertical structures...

Campo lane is lively artery... a place where activity and life run through and can bleed into other parts of the city... people seem to be heading this way...lets follow!

8: Hartshead Entrance & Quaker House The spatial arrangement of the trees begin to dilute and their exciting reign over me begins to lessen...I am invited to other spaces...rather generously enticed by beautiful faรงades and exciting activities... maybe I will just catch a show!

9: Hartshead Entrance Wow...an impressive square...full of life and exciting places to be along its edges..bars..restaurants...and I hear the talk of a brewery amongst the melodic tunes of an orchestra close by...

PARADISE LANE

rks: The Print Wo s & Gallery e in s u B d e s li ia c e Local Sp

Paradise Chambers: Residential Development; Town Houses & Lofts

Regency House: Boutique Hotel

NE

LA T A E H W

Door: e u l B The Wine Bar

a

SILVER ST. HEAD

PARADISE ST.

PARADISE SQUARE

INCREMENTAL

PIECEMEAL

GROWTH

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The Paradise Arcade: Local Independant Nich Commerce, Cafe’s & Bars The Wig & Penn: Locally Renowned Restaurant & Bar

E

CAM

N A L PO

ses: u o H e The Blu sidence & Re Artists in shops k r o W y t i Commun

Canopy Arcade: Trees provide shelter and positive places for people to congregate and socialise.

Thus utilising them along active edges where people and architecture blend together add further dimensions to positive outdoor space increasing areas of social interaction and thus strengthening the responsiveness of the square. This canopy “arcade” is envisaged along an edge that is inhabited with boutiques, cafés, bars and restaurants, effectively allows the space, particularly around the edges to improve the social retention of Paradise Square.

Trees: The delegation and formation of trees delineate the various types of space and as structural elements interact with the strong architectural edge of Paradise Square. Movement around the squares edges are determined by the relationship between building function and vegetation. Here space is narrow and intimate suggesting circulation is more direct which is befitting for a residential edge; it ensures that a sense of privacy is still available for residents. Residential development is beneficial for the regenerations of this square, because it adheres to the historic structural housing typologies that enclose it and ensures that a permanent sense of local community is present.

Urban Space: This internal space of the square has to be multifunctional. This can encourage a diverse range of communities to utilise and activate the space ensuring that a sense of life is present once more in Paradise Square. Local markets, performances, fitness clubs and conventions can ensure that the revival of this space will be enough to ensure it becomes once again, an indicative social hub amongst Sheffield’s rich and diverse urban spaces.

Multifuntional Open Space Urban Space: Paradise Square was one of Sheffield most socially vibrant spaces. Consequently fragments of its history must be restored and celebrated. Pieces such as the square’s central lamp ensure that a sense of communal pride and historical character still have large role in determining popular adoration for the site.

a

SIVENESS RESPON

b

The Campo Condo’s: Residential Development

The Hartshead Hotel: Boutique Hotel Hartshead Offices

E

b

Wats

o ns’ Wa

lk

The

Dov Reno e & Ra wned in Loca bow: l Pub

Angel House: Indoor Market & Residential Development

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a

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O C D R

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N A L RT

The Star Newspaper Head Quarters: Corperate & Local Business

Hartshead House: Local Urban Brewery & Bar

The Quak er House: Contemporar y Music Hall

HARTSHEAD

SQ

UA RE

N A L O P M A C

urt o c d Har use: Ho & Cafes iness Bus l a c Lo

The Quaker House: The Urban Brewery and its accommodating outdoor portico warrant a consistent concentration of social interaction happening between buildings. It ensures that there is constant activity and reason for spatial inhabitance. The brewery guarantees the presence of a community, a befitting one especially in an area amongst some of Sheffield’s most renowned culinary affiliations such as Hartshead Squares very on Dove & Rainbow.

Urban Groves: Trees have been utilised strategically to hold edges and form “out-door rooms” bringing activity further into urban space.

Tightly planted groves have been placed within awkwardly shaped spaces, acting as hubs that provide and stimulate human interaction.

Heartshead Square: It is at Hartshead Square where the architectural vernacular of Sheffield’s Cathedral Quarter begins to lose its consistency. The square itself is defined by various architectural styles and the transition from and irregular urban patter to a rigid modern form of blocks and high-rises, is a clear demonstration of Sheffield’s many urban planning endeavours (or onslaughts) such as the slum clearance act and Wommersley’s brutalist utopia to fulfilling the modern and contemporary “quicker lighter cheaper” aspirations towards fashioning our urban environments. It is the squares culmination of brutalist buildings and their erratic arrangement around a centralised courtyard, results in the formation of rich irregular spaces.

The Quaker House: The key building to this space is the Quaker House which represents the notion and proposition of community and growing them. The building centres positioning within the enclosed space provides the opportunity for ensuring that social development and stimulation is incremental and grows from a centralised anchor point. Consequently it is very important that the building and its neighbouring constituents provide people with the opportunity to experience their internal functions positively and that those internal functions are able to be brought through into urban space. As a result, the circumferential edges of the Quaker house have been activated ensuring that its internal functions and outdoor spaces can be blended together. The Quaker House has been envisioned as a contemporary music theatre, and the edges of this building have been designed to accommodate this. Balconies and porticoes allow performances and art to move outside ensuring engagement with pedestrians, which in return can positively affect the entire atmosphere and function of the site ensuring variety and social diversity.

Heartshead Square: Contemporary technological interventions such as these solar powered canopies can be deplored to add variety and ensure that the dynamic use of the multifunctional space is able to function throughout the most challenging times of the year. These interventions can accommodate for a range of activities such as Christmas markets, outdoor cinemas/ event screenings, or even just provide shade or shelter from the rain. Perhaps they too can also be installed with other technological advancements that perhaps allows pedestrians to interact with them with other technological platforms such a smart phones; this will change the way in which people can interact with their environment, one from which they walk through to one that is in their hand.

Multifuntional Open Space

a

Levels: Levels have also been taken advantage of, utilising steps as an intervention with many affordances where people can congregate and use to enhance their experience with the squares surrounding buildings and their functions.

b

3.0 Castlegate Designing Sheffield’s Contemporary Urban Stronghold

Level 3 2015 Spring Semester Winner of the: Landscape Institute Award for Design Excellence

The brief for this project ensured that we were tested on all our skills that we have adapted during out time at the Sheffield School of Landscape Architecture. Consequently the brief incorporated many requirements ensuring that as students we explored in detail the identity of everything that is Sheffield and interpolated those ideas to render a new proposal for one of the city’s most challenging and important sites.

Our proposals had to ensure that we considered urban, social and ecological sustainability and that we designed a public park that was prepared to provide and nurture Sheffield as well as grow with Sheffield. Taking into consideration the challenges of modern urban living our proposals had to be considerate and accommodating for a new ageing residential community as well a serving as a gateway into the city centre. We had to take into consideration links with urban projects of old and new ensuring that our park had the ability to forge strong connections with the newly proposed HS2 and sustain the requirements in the city’s 2030 urban initiative program.

It was clear to me that throughout all of the primary research at the start of this project, defence was an idea that I wanted to pursue.

Given the sites unique situation at the confluence of Sheffield’s two iconic rivers the sites biggest attribute and potential was its challenging topographic changes. These two elements were aspects I was concerned about exploring, however I sensed that the opportunity was present to create a unique proposal that was befitting of Sheffield.

CONCEPT & NARRATIVE Defence at Castlegate is a concept of old and one that has played a significant part in shaping Sheffield’s deep-rooted connection with its surrounding landscapes. The rivers Don and Sheaf and their surrounding valley slopes once formed the ideal point of the city’s novel stronghold; Sheffield Castle. The opportunity has now arisen to break ground once more and honour Sheffield’s fortified origins; to re-establish its strength and allegiance to its local people and communities.

Consequently, Castlegate’s regeneration aspires to be Sheffield’s new Urban Stronghold; a park that serves the needs of the local people by mitigating the nuisances of contemporary urban living including sound and vehicle pollution. As well as this Castlegate will adhere to overcome Sheffield’s environmental challenges, being a landscape that aims to contribute to the city’s wider green network and protect people and the city from the effects of flooding and urban heating.

THE CITY

Although visually connected the relationship between Castlegate and the surrounding urban fringe is contrasting in terms spatial confluence. The movement between the two areas must appear as defensive obstacle in itself to emphasise the Castlegate’s social and ecological priorities which are safeguarded by the parks defensive arrangement.

TOPOGRAPHY

Topography will be utilised to enhance the journey through out the park, demarcating the functional differences between spaces enhancing pedestrian circulation systems of movement and thresholds. The opportunity to take advantage of the sites unique views will come from the parks defensive topographic arrangement.

DEFENSIVE GEOMETRY

Re-enforced by materiality and vegetation the geometric arrangement of this space has been defined by precedent fortified landscapes. The shapes and spatial systems will be combined with the dramatic use of Castlegate’s drastic topographic change to visually emphasise structure and defence as people move throughout the park.

THE JOURNEY

The journey throughout this defensive landscape must be able to provide people with a sense of sanctuary, however it can be challenging too. A range of interventions influenced by materiality vegetation and landform will enhance the rhythm of the space and this will be further enforced by the specific inclusion and placement of defensive landscape typologies.

STRATEGIES AND MASTERPLAN H.S 2

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SPATIAL STRATEGY CAR PARK

CASTLEGATE HOUSE: Commercial & Residential Development OFFICES

City Centre

WALLS & BARRICADES: the dominant structural form present throughout Castlegate, holding back the city and nurturing a space of sanctuary foe people to escape.

BUNKERS

t

S

tree

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DEFENSIVE TYPOLOGIES

PUB

LOCAL STORE

CANAL BASIN

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TOWN HALL

W

E ON PUB

CASTLE HALL: Ground-floor Commerce & Residential Development

* TRADING HOUSE

STORE

+1

DS

TRADING HOUSE: Mixed Commerce & Industry

TOWN HALL: Residential Development LOCAL STORE

HOTEL

RUCTURE ST

ART HOUSE

ART HOUSE: Workshops & Private Residence

+3 STORE

DOWN IN

N LA

NCE Z MA

+1

CAFE

PUB

POLICE STATION

PERFO R

HOTEL

tree

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+4

on Bl k

tree

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PUB

iQUARTER

t

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HOTEL

CAFE

POLICE STATION: Civic Public House

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THE STABLES BREWERY EXCHANGE

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BREWERY EXCHANGE: Administritive Offices & Industry

iQUARTER: Ground-floor Commerce & Private Residence

e

Kelham Island & Love Square

THE STABLES: Commercial Development

Circulation

Enclosed Formal Gathering Space

Pedestrian Friendly Streets

Open and Exposed Nodes

Market Space

Multifunctional Naturalistic Space

Semi-Private Space

Formal Entrances

Private Space

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Proposed Built Form

+1. +2. +3. +4.

Aging Community Food Market Hall Workshops Cafés and Shops

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TYPOLOGY STRATEGY CASTLE HALL

CASTLEGATE HOUSE

Bunkers and Viewpoints

CAR PARK

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Walls and Barricades OFFICES

Marshes and Wetlands

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Landmarks Significant Views Trenches and Ditches

Hills and Slopes

CASTLEGATE’S INDICATIVE STRUCTURAL IDENTITY

& VIEWPOINTS: will form a polycentric system of smaller strongholds that provide for a variety of multifunctional social uses.

HILLS & SLOPES: can soften and compliment the

dominating defensive walls and landform influencing the experiential qualities of moving throughout the park.

DITCHES & TRENCHES: are “softer” interventions that begin to demonstrate a breakdown in intense structural elements deeper inside the park.

MARSHES & WETLANDS: a historical and local idea of defence which will accommodate for the parks ecological and environmental aspirations too.

B

T DE D LE AI N IO CT SE L DE MO

+50m

+50m +53m +52m

DE SI GN

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DE TA

IL E

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+51m

+48m

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SECTION

ONE

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SITE SECTION

A PUBLIC FOOTPATH

PUBLIC FOOTPATH

CITY APPARTMENTS iQUARTER CITY APPARTMENTS

THE RIVER DON strong social corridor along the river

DEFENSIVE MOUNDS: VIEWING PLATFROMS,STRONGHOLDS & SLOPES

DENSE WET GRASSLAND AND MARSHES

tree bunkers

RAISED PLATFORMS AND DEFENSIVE WALLS

RAISED SEMI-PRIVATE WALKWAY

active streets

underground car park PRIVATE RESIDENCE: NEW AGEING COMMUNITY

B

EXCHANGE STREET: PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY CITY LOFT APPARTMENTS AND COMMERCE

+52.00m

+48.50m

+51.00m

+51.10m

+49.20m

+53.40m

+55.60m

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+51.00m

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DETAILED SITE SECTION

Poplar trees embrace their appointment as guardians of the space lining the highest walls and guard the city’s inner fortress. The regular placement contributes to the visual depth of the surrounding urban environment forming a triangulation of strong columns that relate structurally to the parks surrounding buildings

Using vegetation as structural devices: tightly planted groves of architecturally trained Hornbeam will be placed schematically throughout the park, forming a visually connected system of intimate strongholds and bunkers that are functionally capable of providing people with various aesthetic and communal needs.

Concrete is the parks most significant material considering its connotations with strength and post 19th century defensive architecture. Formed by vertically imposed boards of irregular wooden slats the parks walls will render a structure that not only pays homage to its ancestral palisade heritage, but will visually form the parks iconic structural element of defence.

Populus nigra ‘Italica Symphoricarpos albus Carpinus betulus

A

Larix Ă— marschlinsii Dense Woodland Understory

Carpinus betulus

Spontaneous Urban Vegetation

B

END THANK YOU