Nuclear Power in China (Shi Yang)

Nuclear Power In China Shi Yang Calier123456@163.com

Contents 1

Introduction of Nuclear Power

2

Nuclear Power and Energy Security

3

Nuclear Power and Environment

4

Future of China’s Nuclear Power

Section 1 Introduction of Nuclear power

Qianshan NPP

Nuclear Power • Nuclear power, with clean, safe, high efficiency and economic characteristics, is one of the world's supporting energy as well as coal and oil. • Nuclear power (generally electricity) is produced from controlled nuclear.

Two forms of Nuclear Reaction

Eight types of Nuclear Reactors

The distribution of the world's NPP

The distribution of China’s NPP

What can we learn from the map?

• The number of China’s NPP is much smaller than that in US or EU • All on the east coast in China

2 units of PHWR type, 9 PWR types

Status of China’s NPP 52.3 9.07 6 11

11 nuclear reactors

at six plants

52.3 billion capacity of kWh power 9.07 million kw generation

All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies

3

4

Domestic Technology

French Technology 11

2

Russian Technology

2

Canadian Technology

Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020

Section two nuclear power and energy security

Energy Security • China's energy security concerns the need for China to guarantee itself and its industries long term access to sufficient energy and energy raw materials. • China is making more efforts to develop new energy to ensure the country's energy security and boost economic growth

Nuclear power and Energy security

Diversity

Convenience

Energy Security

Efficiency

Diversity • China is trying to establish long-term energy security. This by investment in oil and gas fields abroad, and by diversifying its providers • Nuclear power is viewed by the current Administration as important, perhaps essential, to maintaining that diversity.

Nuclear power capacity and generation of the World

Most of them in China

capacity of nuclear power in China 2003-2010

Electricity production in China

Source: IEO 2002 reference case

Projected Nuclear –Generated Electricity Consumption 1990 to 2025 ( Billion Kilowatt Hours) Country*

1990

2000

2001

2010

2015

2020

2025

United States

577

754

769

794

812

816

816

France

298

394

401

447

478

520

550

Germany

145

161

163

137

107

15

0

Japan

192

294

309

369

394

426

411

Canada

69

69

73

108

110

118

98

Russia

115

122

125

141

154

129

99

50

104

107

141

171

209

220

India

6

14

18

46

55

66

66

China

0

16

17

66

129

142

154

South Korea

Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2004, Appendix A, Page 170

Convenience • Nuclear power has an important role, especially in the coastal areas remote from the coalfields and where the economy is developing rapidly.

Generally, nuclear plants can be built close to centers of demand, whereas suitable wind and hydro sites are remote from demand.

Convenience • Many inland nuclear power plants will be constructed in these interior province.

Efficiency To improve the efficiency of its domestic energy markets. China is actively looking for smarter energy technology

Innovation is the key to nuclear power development. China is calling for enterprises to adopt advanced technology and enhance selfinnovation.

AP 1000 technologies

SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse.

Section Three Nuclear power and Environment

Climate change In China, the reliance on fossil fuels has led to much air pollution. The economic loss due to pollution is put by the World Bank at almost 6% of GDP. World Problem Climate Change-------emissions of greenhouse gases

Countries by carbon dioxide emissions (blue the highest)

CO2 emission per capita per year per country

National Action Plan on Climate Change increasing the proportion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and from nuclear power increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power stations

Very Important

the use of cogeneration the development of coal-bed and coal-mine methane

Nuclear power as clean energy nuclear power

fossil fuel

25 g

450-1250 g

CO2 equivalent per kWh

CO2 equivalent per kWh

China will do better and better

• China has promised to reduce CO2 emission by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005 (26th Nov.2009)

Angel or Devil?

Disaster of NPP Three Mile Island Accident Chernobyl Disaster

Nuclear Waste • Since China's nuclear industry is relatively new, nuclear waste is not a major concern.

But, as in the United States or any other country, nuclear waste accumulates over time.

Nuclear Safety The State Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), independent of the nuclear industry, carries out supervision and management on nuclear safety and radiation environment of nuclear facilities licensing management and routine monitoring.

Relevant radioactive waste treatment facilities should be designed, constructed and operated simultaneously with facilities or practices producing radioactive wastes.

phases of waste management ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

reduction in output categorized collection purification and concentration, volume reduction and solidification careful encapsulation, safe transportation in-situ interim storage concentrated disposal controlled discharge

Section Four The future of Nuclear power in China

China's nuclear industry is relatively young

Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Further nuclear power units proposed

Further nuclear power units proposed

Further nuclear power units proposed

long and mid-term development plan • Nuclear power installed capacity will reach 40 million kw by 2020 and will generate 260 billion to 280 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year, accounting for 4 to 6 percent of the country's total. and a further increase to more than 250 GW by 2030.

nuclear energy policy • 1. PWRs will be the mainstream but not sole reactor type.

• 2.Nuclear fuel assemblies are fabricated and supplied indigenously.

• 3.Domestic manufacturing of plant and equipment will be maximised, with selfreliance in design and project management.

• 4.International cooperation is nevertheless encouraged.

A beautiful Future China will enjoy a wide prospect in nuclear power market.

Shi Yang