Sunspots – Six months - Daily
The Sun warms and cools over time
Thames Frost Fair, 1683-84, Maunder
Stripe Chart – 1850 to 2021
Stripe Chart – 21 to 2021
The current sunspot cycle is No. 25
CO2 and temperature to 2030
CO2 and temperature to Jan 2023
Hunga Tonga South Pacific location
Papua
New Guinea
Hunga Tonga Jan 15, 2022, eruption
The layers in the atmosphere
Locations: Tambora, Krakatoa, Hunga Tonga
The effect of El Niño
Increased precipitation and temperature
Heavy rains: Ecuador, Peru, California
Droughts in Australia, Indonesia
Severe weather in high latitudes:
of North and South America
Canada: Mild winters and spring in West and Central Canada
More severe weather
Quebec’s 1998 ice storm: El Niño year
El Nino or Hunga Tonga to 2030?
Climate models vs. satellite temperatures
Comparison: UAH Satellite temperature with HADCRUT5 land based (red)
Heat Islands affect Earth’s temperature
Cherries in the Okanagan Valley in B.C.
Earlier this year (2024), the area experienced a warmer-than-normal period in January.
Following that period, there was a colderthan-normal period. The temperature dropped to -31oC. Fruit buds damaged.
The temperature has been this cold before but not following a warming period.
The same happened last year to peaches in Georgia, USA. Also, vineyards in B. C.
We can expect more of the same.
Weather versus Climate
Weather refers to short-term changes
Climate: longer-term changes: 30 years
Statistical average over 30 years
Climate change is the variation of average
El Niño and Volcanoes are short term
The Sun: long-term temperature change
Greenhouse gases: long term
Are storms getting worse?
US Tornado damage, millions 2021 US$
Hurricane landfalls 1970-2018
Weather Disasters
You should know
IPCC considers the Sun to have a negligible warming effect on the Earth.
IPCC ignores the satellite temperatures
Comment by Dr. Robert Davis who quit the IPCC: “Global temperatures have not been changing as state-of-the-art climate models predicted they would. Not a single mention of satellite temperature observations appears in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers.”
You will run into these facts.
Conclusions
The Sun impacts Earth’s temperature
Long-term: solar maxima and minima, AMO
Volcanic action and temperature:
Directly: volcano emissions, ash, gases
Indirectly: El Niño and La Niña
Storms not worsening. No Climate crisis.
98% fewer climate-related deaths
Not yet considered: warming by greenhouse gases: H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O
El Niño continues every 2 to 7 years
Sun continues Grand Solar Minimum (GSM)
Wobbly Polar Vortex continues
Temperature falls: As Hunga Tonga water dissipates As El Niño fades and La Niña follows
As AMO enters its cold phase
Expect cooler temperatures for decades