Present and Future of Nuclear Technology in Argentina (Dario Jinchuk)

Nuclear Program Program Nuclear in Argentina in Argentina

PRESENT && PRESENT FUTURE OF OF FUTURE NUCLEAR NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY IN ARGENTINA IN ARGENTINA

Nuclear Power & Related Supplies

Dario Jinchuk

Medical & Industrial Applications

National Atomic Energy Commission

LAS/ANS 2005 Design: Lic. Stella Spurio

Waste Management

June 13-15 Rio - Brazil

Research & Development Human Resources Training

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Country distribution distribution Country

NUCLEAR NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES (Excluding (Excluding Medicine) Medicine)

4.500 Employees u$s 400 millions/year

NUCLEAR NUCLEAR MEDICINE MEDICINE

(Diagnostics & & (Diagnostics treatments) treatments)

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC

2 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN OPERATION 1 NPP UNDER CONSTRUCTION

1.500.000 Treatments/year 1.300 Facilities 3.000 Employees u$s 200 millions 3

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6 RESEARCH REACTORS 4 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 3 ATOMIC CENTERS 1 TECHNOLOGY CENTER 1 HEAVY WATER PLANT 2 IRRADIATION FACILITIES 2 URANIUM MINING 1 URANIUM PURIFICATION PLANT 376 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS NUCLEAR MEDICINE 3 NUCLEAR MEDICINE SCHOOLS 68 TELETHERAPY CENTERS 57 BRACHYTHERAPY CENTERS 309 NUCLEAR MEDICAL CENTERS 45 LINEAR ACCELERATORS 4 408 RADIOIMMUNOASSAY LABORATORIES

NASA

CNEA Research & Development

Nuclear Power Generation

FAESA

CONUAR 33% Fuel elements

Nuclear Companies

ENSI 49%

Heavy Water

INVAP

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High Tech Customer Oriented

PRESIDENT of Federal Government

MINISTRY OF PLANNING, INVESTMENT & SERVICES

55% Special alloys & Zry tubes

SECRETARY GENERAL

SECRETARY of ENERGY

FUESMEN 33% Nuclear Medicine Center

CNEA National Atomic Energy Commission

ARN

NA-SA

National Regulatory Authority

Nucleoeléctrica Argentina

DIOXITEK 99% Uranium Cobalt-60

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12 Research Reactors

IN ARGENTINA

4 NPP

Nuclear Reactors

CAREM

CNE NPP

RA4 RA2

RA1

RA6

CNA2 NPP RA8

1966 1972 1978 1984 1989 1998 2009 2010 1965 1968 1974 1982 1988 2005 1997

EXPORTS

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RA3

RA0

1957

7

CNA1 NPP

AUSTRALIA 8

PERU

PERU

ALGERIA

EGYPT

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ResearchReactors Reactors Research in Argentina in Argentina

Exported Exported ResearchReactors Reactors Research

RA0 (Córdoba)

RP0 - Critical Assembly

PERU NUR – 1 MW

RA1 (Buenos Aires)

RP10 - 10 MW

RA3 (Ezeiza) 10 Mw ALGERIA

RA 6 (Bariloche) 0,5 Mw

ETRR-II

AUSTRALIA

OPAL - 20 MW

RA8

RA4 (Rosario)

EGYPT

(Pilcaniyeu) 9

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NuclearPower Power Nuclear Plants Plants inArgentina Argentina in

22 MW

ATUCHA 2 2008 750 MWe Advance: 80%

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Power Generation Generation Power in Argentina Argentina in

ATUCHA 1 1974 350 MWe

35% Hydraulic

8% Nuclear 1% Import 56% Fossil

EMBALSE 1984 600 MWe

Cammesa / 2004

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CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM Integrated PWR reactor The CAREM Integrated Primary System concept has technical as well as financial advantages compared to traditional designs.

CAREM Reactor

The USA/DOE Program "Generation IV" selected the CAREM Reactor qualifying it as a "mature design ready to be deployed in the near future".

PROJECT STATUS Engineering finished Systems tested Prototipe ready to be built 13

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Safety Systems

CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM Low Power NPP with a new generation, inherently safety, innovative design

CAREM CAREM Reactor Reactor Passive safety systems

POWER: 25 up to 300 MWe COOLING: LW natural convection

The simple design of the CAREM Reactor contributes to its high safety level

FUEL: Enriched U 3,4 % 1 Control drive 2 Control drive rod structure 3 Water level

6 SG steam Outlet 7 Absorbing element 8 Fuel element 9 Core

4 Steam generator 10 Core support 5 SG water inlet

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structure

CAREM

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CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM

Plant Lay-out

CAREM Reactor Reactor Fuel Fuel CAREM Core: 61 hexagonal fuel elements Fuel element: 108 rods Total length: 1,9 m Pellet diameter: 7.6 mm Pellet length: 8 mm Fuel density: 93-95 % TD

Scheme of CAREM core RPV height

11 m

RPV internal diam

3 m

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CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM

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For water desalinization

WATER DESALINIZATION needs a considerable amount of electricity Regular Nuclear Power Plants ranging from 1,000 to 1,400 MWe are larger than needed

Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Supplies

The Low Power Carem Reactor (25 to 300 MWe) is the ideal system to deliver the electricity needed in a water desalinization plant “Several North African and Middle East countries, with growing needs of fresh water, are considering building reverse osmosis desalinization facilities powered by small nuclear plants.” (Source: IAEA) 19

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Nuclear Fuel Fuel Nuclear

Uranium Production Production Uranium

Fuels for NPP Fuels for Research Reactors Special alloys & Zry tubes UO2 Yellow Cake

Sierra Pintada Ore

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Sigma Advanced Advanced Uranium Uranium Sigma Enrichment Diffusion Diffusion Technology Technology Enrichment

Uranium Enrichment Enrichment Facility Facility Uranium

Total Cost: 50-70 U$/SWU Capital Investment: Up to 25 U$/SWU

Project targets

Pilcaniyeu Technological Center

Energy Consumption: Up to 25 U$/SWU O&M : Up to 5 U$/SWU Availability Factor: > 95 % year Cascade Economy Size: 500.000 SWU Interconection Capability in Parallel

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Slightly Enriched Enriched Uranium UraniumFuel Fuel Slightly

Newfuels fuelsfor forMTR MTRreactors: reactors: New SILICIDE--UMo UMo SILICIDE

Argentine NPPs were designed to run on Natural Uranium and Heavy Water moderation

New Uranium Silicide fuel elements for MTR reactors were developed at CNEA

In order to increase burn-up and fuel economy a new fuel element was developed for Atucha 1 NPP employing 0.85 % enriched Uranium.

Prototypes were successfully irradiated and tested in hot cells.

64 Fuel Elements are being produced for the Australian Replacement Research Reactor.

From 1999 to 2002 the entire core was replaced.

Burn-up: increased from 5,900 to 11,000 Mwd/tU. Fuel costs: 35% lower.

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For CANDU type reactors feasibility studies 25 are underway.

U3-Si2

Density: 4,8 gr U/cm3 Burn-up: 55%

Uranium-Molybdenum fuels (U-Mo) are under development

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Heavy Water Water Production Production Heavy Production capacity: 200 Ton/year

Products & Services

Purity: 99.92 %

Arroyito - NEUQUÉN

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EXPORTS S. Korea Germany Canada Norway USA Australia

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Products Products

Services for for NPP’s NPP’s Services

Radioisotopes production plants Hot cells Non destructive testing

Special Devices

Repairs in highly radioactive environments

Facilities & equipments for Nuclear Fuel production

Design and construction of robots and telemanipulators

Shielded Casks for radioctive material transport

Materials and Fuel testing in Hot Cells

Silos for Spent Nuclear Fuel dry storage

“Tailor Made” equipment & components

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Radioisotopes Production Production Radioisotopes MTR Reactor

Health & Environment

CANDU Reactor

Moly, Iodine, Phosphorous, Samarium, Iridium, Chromium.

Cobalt-60

CICLOTRON Thallium, Fluorine

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Cobalt 60 60 Production Production Cobalt

Mo-99 production production Mo-99

CNEA manufactures Co60 Industrial and Medical Sealed Sources

Argentina was the first country producing Mo99 by fission employing 20% U235 enriched targets, instead of the usual 90%

60 MCi produced at Embalse NPP since 1985. Third worldwide producer

In our country, 70% of nuclear medical diagnostics employ Mo99 -> Tc99 radioisotopes

90% of production exported through a joint venture with REVISS(UK) and BELFINVEST (Belgium)

Development was successfully completed.

Nowadays we are in the serial production phase and negotiating the export of targets and technology 33

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Nuclear Medicine Medicine Centres Centres Nuclear

BNCT BNCT Boron Neutron CaptureTherapy Therapy Boron Neutron Capture The therapy is mainly employed for malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and melanomas of different localizations.

Equipments Facilities Software

In 2003, after a decade of R&D in Argentina, first patients in Latin America were irradiated at the RA-6 reactor (Bariloche Atomic Center).

Training

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Irradiation Facilities Facilities Irradiation

Cobalttherapy therapy Cobalt Equipment & Simulators Equipment & Simulators

Food preservation Sterilization (tissue, implants, surgical instruments) Pest control

EXPORTS Bolivia, Colombia Venezuela, Syria, Egypt India, Brazil 37

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Environment Environment

Radioactive Waste Management

Human Resources Training

Spent Fuel Management

Environmental Remediation

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HumanResources Resources Human Training Training 3 Institutes Atomic Centers Laboratories

+ Agreements with National Universities for academic degrees

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Argentine Nuclear Nuclear Argentine exports to: exports to: : to USA

DEGREES PhD & MSc in: Physics Nuclear Engineering Materials Science Nuclear Reactors Radiochemistry Mechanical Engineering Nuclear Medicine

Short Courses in: Nuclear Medicine Radiodosimetry Radiotherapy Radiopharmaceuticals

UK

Germany

Romania

Canada Colombia

CA ERI M A

PE RO U E Belgium

Canada

u$s 700 M

Brazil

Venezuela

Uruguay

Bolivia

Chile

Peru

Cuba

CA RI AF Egypt

& IA IA ASEAN OC

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China

Australia

S. Korea

India

Turkey

Algeria

LOCATION: Lima (100 km from Buenos Aires City)

OWNER: NA-SA TYPE: PHWR

Natural Uranium

POWER: 750 M We (Gross) DESIGN: Siemens ARGENTINA

CONST. START: 1981 CONST. STOP: 1994 ADVANCE: 80% ARGENTINE SUPPLIES: 50%

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Atucha 2 NPP - Argentina

HIGHLIGHTS

HIGHLIGHTS (cont)

•CONTRACT signed 1980 with SIEMENS-KWU. •TYPE: non turnkey project for the provision of components, engineering and Tech. Transfer.

•CONSTR. Engineer : ENACE (75% CNEA 25% Siemens - KWU

•ORIGINAL BUDGET: 1881 Mu$s

•FINANCING: Imported: German Bank loans, Local: Public funds.

•SUPPLIES: 50% Local, 50 % imported

•SCHEDULED CONECTION: July 1987

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ESTADO ACTUAL DEL PROYECTO

HIGHLIGHTS (cont)

FALTANTE 19%

REALIZADO 81%

• FIRST POURING: 1981 • PARTIAL DELAYS DUE TO FINANCIAL PROBLEMS WITH LOCAL FUNDS: 1983/51987/90.

• TOTAL STOP: 1994 • REINITIATION: 2005?

INICIO DE CONSTRUCCION: 1981 INGENIERIA: 99%

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81% 19 %

Montaje de equipos, pruebas y puesta en marcha

OBRA CIVIL: 95%

INVERSION:

COMPONENTES Y EQUIPAMIENTO: adquiridos y almacenados en obrador

PLAZO DE EJECUCION:

u$s 479 millones

52 meses

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ESTADO ACTUAL DEL PROYECTO

Edificio de la turbina

Edificio de pileta de combustibles gastados

Edificio del reactor

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NASA-CNEA CONUAR CRONOGRAMA DEL PROYECTO NASA - CNEA 1º AÑO 2º AÑO 3º AÑO 4º AÑO 5º AÑO

Habilitación de equipos (12 meses)

Construcción y montaje (26 meses)

CONUAR

TODOS LOS SUMINISTROS ESTAN CATALOGADOS E INVENTARIADOS Y SOMETIDOS A CONTINUO CONTROL.

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INVERSION FALTANTE Y FINANCIAMIENTO

ENSI-PIAP

Millones de u$s

ENSI

3.243

Costo total

479 Fabricación de la primera carga de combustibles nucleares

2.764

Inversión hasta la fecha

1.881

Presupuesto inicial

Producción de agua pesada

Puesta en marcha

479

(14 meses) TOTAL: 52 meses

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50

51 51

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INVERSION FALTANTE

305 174

Suministros y servicios NACIONALES Suministros y servicios importados 52

INVERSION FALTANTE Y FINANCIAMIENTO COSTO DE TERMINACIÓN: 479

Millones de u$s

Nacionales: 305

Importados: 174

AÑO 2005

57%

2006

59%

120

95 Depósitos

2007

114

61%

2008 2009

PARA CONSERVAR Y MANTENER 40.000 t DE SUMINISTROS SE ESTAN UTILIZANDO:

INVERSION ANUAL moneda local (305)

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70% 60% 13

2 Carpas inflables 173 Contenedores

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TOTAL 25.000 m2 cubiertos 53

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SECRETARIO DE ENERGIA D. CAMERON 31-05-05

“Por directivas del presidente de la Nación comenzamos a profundizar los análisis sobre la situación y a tomar definiciones concretas sobre el sector nuclear”.

“Esperamos, con la culminación de Atucha II, la puesta en funcionamiento de la planta de agua pesada y la vuelta del sector a la actividad minera, recrear los incentivos para que el sector desarrolle en plenitud una nueva oportunidad”.

“Atucha II está actuando como un calibre “pasa no pasa”; sólo si somos capaces de terminarla, aun solos, el sector nuclear en la Argentina tendrá destino”.

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NUESTRO DESAFIO INMEDIATO ES TRABAJAR PARA QUE LA AGENDA POLITICA COMIENCE A CONSIDERAR LA OPCION NUCLEAR EN LA REGION 56

Thankyou you Thank very much very much foryour your attention attention!!!! for

Central Nuclear Atucha II

Objeto: negociaciones con plazo no mayor de 6 meses para garantizar continuidad y finalización de la obra Cronograma de Inversiones (M u $s)

Suministros y Servicios

National Atomic Energy Commission www. cnea.gov.ar

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2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Total

Importados

18

60

55

28

13

169

Nacionales

50

107

101

34

13

305

Total

68

167

156

62

26

479

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Ministerio de Planificación Federal, Inversión Pública y Servicios - Secretaría de Energía

8m 6m

12 m

8m

PHWR 230 t MZFR 50 MW

14 m

5m

Atucha 2 NPP PHWR 750 Mwe

470 t

970 t

ATUCHA 2 750 MW

ATUCHA 1 345 MW

6m

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Atucha 2 NPP - Argentina

KWO 300 MW

210 t

KCB 450 MW

280 t KKS 600 MW

13 m

159 t

10 m

10 m

PWR

10 m

4m

4m

Atucha 1 NPP PHWR 345 Mwe

5m

490 t

KWB 1200 MW

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Atucha 2 NPP - Argentina