Family dynamic a canadian perspective 5th edition ward test bank

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Chapter 8 Grey Power and the Sunset Years MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of aging? a. chronological b. social c. psychological d. financial ANS: D

REF: page 195

2. According to the text, what is chronological age? a. retirement age, whenever it occurs b. 65 years of age and over c. the number of years a person has lived d. the age disability sets in ANS: C

REF: page 195

3. When Mandy talks of her parents as being old because they are over 65, what is she probably referring to? a. their social time clock b. their psychological age c. their chronological age d. their retirement status ANS: C

REF: page 195

4. Which of the following BEST describes attitudes toward the physical changes that occur with aging? a. They are always regarded negatively. b. They can be positive for daycare workers. c. They are usually considered positive for manual labourers. d. They can be positive for men in managerial positions.

ANS: D

REF: page 197

5. According to the text, which of the following is one of the most important reasons for not using physical age as a basis for considering someone old? a. People today are living longer than in the past. b. People have different rates of physical aging. c. Physical norms related to aging vary with culture. d. It is different from the age that pensions start.

ANS: B

REF: page 197

6. According to the text, what does psychological age refer to? a. the attitudes and beliefs one has about one’s age b. cultural norms that specify appropriate behaviour for people of a given age c. the attitudes of professional athletes toward failing abilities d. rejection of “old” behaviour, such as sitting in a rocking chair and knitting ANS: A

REF: page197

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7. What are the findings when the psychological characteristics of older people are considered? a. There are more differences than similarities. b. There are more similarities than differences. c. There are clear markers of psychological aging. d. There are consistent differences between heterosexual and homosexual men.

ANS: A

REF: page 197

8. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a problem with using social age to decide who is old? a. Social age indicates how we should interact with people of different ages. b. The timing of marker events is changing. c. Retirement has lost its link with physical frailty. d. Attitudes toward social aging are not the same for everyone.

ANS: A

REF: page 197

9. According to the text, which of the following BEST describes social aging? a. It is occurring at a younger age because of early retirement. b. It is becoming clearer, as marker events become more definite. c. It depends on the notion that old age is a frame of mind. d. It is becoming more variable in recent years.

ANS: D

REF: page 197

10. According to the text, which of the following predictions can we logically make as a result of current population trends? a. Fewer women will be widowed. b. Men will experience more life changes. c. The population of Canada is aging. d. There will be less confusion about filling roles.

ANS: C

REF: page 197

11. Who are sociologists likely referring to when they describe the “young-old”? a. seniors who are physically and psychologically healthy b. anyone under 80 c. those in their late 60s and early 70s d. the newly retired of any age ANS: C

REF: page 197-198

12. Which of the following is NOT a major reason for the aging of the Canadian population? a. People are living longer. b. Members of the baby boom are aging. c. Large numbers of young people are finding jobs in the United States. d. The birthrate is down; thus, there are fewer young people.

ANS: C

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REF: page 197

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13. Which of the following areas has an unusually high proportion of older residents? a. Whitehorse b. Okanagan Valley c. Edmonton and Calgary d. Montreal ANS: B

REF: page 198

14. According to the text, what is the key developmental task for older people? a. helping their employed children to raise their grandchildren b. allowing their children to take over their daily living tasks c. providing guidance to others through criticism of their performance d. allowing the next generation to take over leadership ANS: D

REF: page 198

15. How does Erik Erikson describe the psychosocial task of old age? a. as integrity versus despair b. as generativity vs. hopelessness c. as living with disability d. as preparing for death ANS: A

REF: page 199

16. Researchers now suggest that Erikson’s final stage can be divided into two phases. What happens in the first of the final phases? a. Individuals have a renewed interest in preserving their health. b. There is a desire to give back to society. c. Individuals strive to celebrate their lives. d. Relationships with family become more important ANS: B

REF: page 199

17. According to the text, which is true regarding aging among heterosexual and homosexual individuals? a. There are few differences between the groups. b. Homosexual individuals take better care of their physical health than heterosexual individuals. c. Heterosexual individuals report higher levels of mental health than homosexual individuals. d. Relatively little is known about aging among homosexual individuals.

ANS: D

REF: page 199

18. According to the text, what is an important economic factor for older people? a. the removal of 65 as retirement age b. the increased availability of pensions c. the ability to rely on their children for support d. the reduced reliance on registered retirement plans ANS: B

REF: page 199-200

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19. According to the text, which of the following BEST describes older women’s finances compared with older men’s? a. Fewer older women depend only on the Old Age Security Pension. b. Fewer older women survive long enough to qualify for a pension. c. More older women receive smaller pensions because they have worked fewer years. d. More older women have contributed to the Canada Pension Plan.

ANS: C

REF: page 200

20. According to the text, what is an older man who is satisfied with his life likely to be? a. married b. proud of his children c. retired d. reasonably healthy ANS: D

REF: page 200

21. According to the text, who can retirement be a problem for? a. those who feel that working is an evil necessary for survival b. those who find their value in their relationship with their children c. those who define their value as individuals by their occupation d. those who find a second career in volunteer work ANS: C

REF: page 200

22. According to the text, which is true about “young-old” couples’ satisfaction? a. Those who were happy previously continue to be happy. b. Those who were less satisfied in earlier decades become increasingly dissatisfied. c. Those who were most happy are likely to experience the greatest decreases in happiness. d. Conflict increases among couples later in life, regardless of how satisfied they were in their relationships earlier in life.

ANS: A

REF: page 201

23. According to the text, when their partner retires, what do women who are still working tend to be? a. more worried about finances b. more satisfied c. less happy d. jealous ANS: C

REF: page 202

24. According to the text, what happens to frequency of sex over time among those under the age of 74 who are sexually active? a. It tends to increase. b. It does not decrease much. c. It decreases a great deal. d. It depends on the health of the female partner.

ANS: B

REF: page 202

25. What is the marital status of most men over the age of 65? a. widowed b. divorced

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c. single d. married ANS: D

REF: page 201

26. Why are men more likely than women to remarry? a. They have more close relationships than women. b. There are more eligible women than men available. c. Their children are more likely to encourage them to remarry. d. They want to receive a survivor’s pension.

ANS: B

REF: page 201

27. According to the text, which is true regarding research on sibling relationships among older adults? a. Research on siblings has focused largely on the Baby Boomer generation. b. Research on siblings is largely limited to twin studies. c. Research on siblings has received little attention until recently. d. Research on siblings is conflicting due to diverse methodological approaches.

ANS: C

REF: page 202

28. According to the text, which elderly people are especially dependent on siblings? a. the widowed with children b. the married childless c. the married with children d. the never married ANS: D

REF: page 202

29. According to the text, what family do most older people have? a. large families b. no children at all c. at least one living child d. no children living nearby ANS: C

REF: page 203

30. According to the text, how does contact between older people and their adult children occur most frequently? a. through phone calls b. through visits c. through letters d. through e-mail ANS: A

REF: page 203

31. According to the text, which of the following BEST describes the relationship between older people and their children? a. It is one-sided, with children helping parents. b. It usually involves mutual assistance. c. It usually depends on the presence of grandchildren. d. It is one-sided, with parents helping children.

ANS: B

REF: page 203

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32. According to the text, what does the emotional closeness of grandparent and grandchild usually depend on? a. the importance grandparents place on extended family b. the relationship the grandparents have with the child’s parents c. the grandparents’ financial resources d. shared religious and moral values ANS: B

REF: page 204

33. What happens when grandparents are involved with grandchildren? a. The grandchildren have fewer emotional problems. b. The grandchildren are less likely to report conflict at school. c. The grandchildren have higher self-esteem. d. The grandchildren report less pro-social behaviour.

ANS: A

REF: page 204

34. Catherine’s daughter left her three-year-old son with Catherine for “a few days” but has not returned in three months. What is likely to be a legal or financial issue for Catherine? a. Catherine will have to assume full legal responsibility and authority for her grandson. b. The grandson will be covered for private medical but not dental insurance under Catherine’s plan. c. The grandson will not be a tax deduction for Catherine. d. Catherine’s daughter will never be able to reclaim her child.

ANS: C

REF: page 206

35. Following a child’s divorce, why might grandparents keep a connection with their child’s ex-spouse? a. The church insists that such ties can be broken only by death. b. Access to grandchildren may depend on the ex-spouse’s goodwill. c. They are drawn into the conflict between the estranged spouses. d. They want to play their grandchildren against their divorced parents.

ANS: B

REF: page 204

36. According to the text, which is true of elderly people in institutional care? a. Most families visit them only out of duty. b. Most family contacts are cut off. c. Their relatives are likely to struggle with financial costs of care. d. Their relatives likely could not cope with their care any longer.

ANS: D

REF: page 207

37. According to the text, whether seniors live in their own homes, with a child, or in an institution, what do their daughters probably NOT do? a. stop visiting b. feel guilty c. experience stress d. interfere with their parent’s independence ANS: A

REF: page 207

38. According to the text, when we talk about death, what do we need to do? a. talk about the growing incidence of diseases such as diphtheria b. distinguish between the actual death and the events leading up to it c. see it in terms of an incomplete life

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d. remember that it lurks around any corner ANS: B

REF: page 207

39. Which of the following is usually NOT a part of the stress of a terminal illness? a. necessary changes in lifestyle b. time needed for care or hospital visits c. hospice workers’ beliefs about appropriate medication d. death of the relationship prior to physical death ANS: C REF: page 208 40. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a benefit of knowing that a family member is dying? a. It is possible for the dying person to make plans for the family’s future. b. It permits the dying person to look over his or her life. c. It allows family members to say goodbye. d. It eases the loss of a central person such as a spouse.

ANS: D

REF: page 208

41. According to the text, what has the growing hospice movement done? a. encouraged warehousing of the dying b. encouraged humane care for the dying c. been concerned more with medical innovation than comfort d. focused on prolonging life at the expense of dignity ANS: B

REF: page 208

42. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of North American culture that tends to minimize death? a. preference for the hospital as the place for dying b. the control of the final ceremonies by the funeral industry c. religious ceremonies and wakes held in relatives’ homes d. short time allowed from work for bereavement leave ANS: C

REF: page 208

43. According to the text, what is a funeral? a. an obsession with death that serves no useful purpose b. the occasion for formal leave taking of the person who has died c. an occasion where, by custom, families air all their conflicts d. an interruption of the healthy grieving process ANS: B

REF: page 209

44. When Harriet’s husband died, what did she probably experience? a. a loss of identity b. a gain in status c. less contact with her daughter d. an increase in shared social customs ANS: A

REF: page 209

45. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Even when death follows a long and painful illness, it is not seen as a relief. b. Widowed women find they have little social support because they cannot depend on their

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children. c. In the first year after a spouse’s death, women more than men suffer an increase in death and suicide. d. Widowed men fare worse than women because they have often depended on their wives for emotional support.

ANS: D

REF: page 209

46. According to the text, the first psychological task confronting widowed people is grief over the loss.

What is next? a. working out practical issues regarding housing and finances b. planning a suitable memorial for the deceased spouse c. commitment to their own continuing life d. commitment to their children and grandchildren ANS: C

REF: page 209

47. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a typical stage in adjustment to loss of a spouse? a. accepting the fact the spouse is dead b. paying attention to the tasks of daily life c. continuing to live in memories d. shifting to new activities ANS: C

REF: page 209

48. According to the text, for whom do long-term economic hardships tend to be greater following a spouse’s death? a. men, because they are usually dependent on wives’ income b. men, because they do not remarry as often as women c. women, because they are more likely to support a second husband d. women, because their pensions are often limited ANS: D

REF: page 209

49. Which of the following is NOT a key area of conflict involving older people and their family members? a. connectedness versus separateness b. openness versus privateness c. independence versus dependence d. integrity versus despair ANS: D

REF: page 210

50. According to the text, what is life satisfaction of older people related to? a. the degree to which their children obey their wishes b. the amount of contact they have with their grandchildren c. the degree to which they can control their own lives d. having a car and being able to drive ANS: C

REF: page 210

51. Louise is becoming quite frail. Her daughter worries that she may become ill and not be able to call for help and is urging Louise to move in with her. Louise wants to remain in her own apartment because she likes her own routines. What area of conflict is this an example of? a. health versus debility b. independence versus dependence

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c. openness versus privateness d. aging versus middle age ANS: B

REF: page 210

52. According to the text, what is the ability to remain independent related to? a. enough money and physical and mental condition b. the help of children and residence in a rural area c. mobility in the form of a car and the ability to care for the home d. an adequate pension and a home in a retirement village ANS: A

REF: page 210

53. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a government service that can help keep seniors living in their own homes? a. grants to help makes homes accessible b. homemaker services c. retirement villages d. visiting nurses ANS: C

REF: page 211

54. According to the text, which of the following is one problem older people have with maintaining their own lifestyle? a. Their children worry about them and try to limit their activities. b. They lack financial resources to maintain hobbies. c. They lack a system for managing health care tasks and responsibilities. d. Their psychological health deteriorates faster than their physical health.

ANS: A

REF: page 211

55. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a problem with privacy in a nursing home? a. Shared rooms make it difficult to talk about private topics. b. With shared bathrooms, it may hard to keep elimination private. c. It is difficult for husbands and wives to have sexual contact. d. Staff members leave family visitors alone with their relatives.

ANS: D

REF: page 212

56. According to the text, in many cases, what is the effect of living in a nursing home? a. It makes a private life virtually impossible. b. It shows recognition of individual and family rights. c. It is often the only way elderly people can have a sexual relationship. d. It encourages an individual to become more independent.

ANS: A

REF: page 212

57. According to the text, what do many recent immigrants with elderly relatives do? a. They are grateful that there are institutions to care for the elderly. b. They are more likely than third-generation Canadians to use institutional care. c. They feel that putting a senior in a nursing home equals abandonment. d. They send their parents back to the “old” country where there are more services.

ANS: C

REF: page 212

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58. According to the text, what are recent immigrants more likely to do? a. place an elderly relative in a nursing home b. live in three-generation households c. live with non-relatives than relatives d. make use of community resources for seniors ANS: B

REF: page 212

59. Among Aboriginal peoples, what was the traditional expectation of the grandparent generation? a. They were considered useless once they could no longer hunt. b. They were stigmatized for their constant dwelling on the past. c. They were expected to provide for all their own needs without assistance. d. They were responsible for socializing children.

ANS: D

REF: page 213

60. According to the text, which of the following BEST describes the elder role among Aboriginal peoples? a. The elder role as transmitter of culture is coming to be valued once again. b. The elder role became important with the coming of Christian missions. c. The elder role was a vital component of the original residential schools. d. The elder role is disappearing nowadays since it is no longer valued.

ANS: A

REF: page 213

61. According to the text, what role do present-day Aboriginal elders fill that traditional ones did not? a. They participate in voluntary groups such as elders’ circles. b. They teach core cultural and survival values. c. They socialize their own as well as honorary grandchildren. d. They are custodians of traditional culture.

ANS: A

REF: page 214

62. According to the text, in the future, what will we probably see in the percentage of elderly in the population? a. a temporary increase b. a decrease c. a growing and permanent increase d. no change ANS: A

REF: page 214

63. What does the term “grey power” refer to? a. the increasing concern with fitness among the elderly b. the increase in family violence among the elderly c. the growing political and economic clout of the elderly d. the higher level of violent crime among the elderly ANS: C

REF: page 214

64. According to the text, what is one concern about the increase in elderly people? a. the lack of jobs for younger people in institutions b. the tax base required to provide services c. increasing ageism in the attitudes of the elderly d. growing independence leading to empty places in nursing homes

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ANS: B

REF: page 214

65. Which of the following BEST describes the Old Age Security pension? a. It is the same for all residents aged 65 or older. b. It is based on a means test. c. It is subject to the clawback. d. It is based on contributions by employers and employees.

ANS: C

REF: page 214

66. What is the ability of all age groups to get a fair share of resources? a. generational gap b. clawback equality c. stereotypical sharing d. generational equity ANS: D

REF: page 216

COMPLETION 1. _________ ___________ refers to the number of years a person has lived.

ANS: Chronological age REF: page 195 2. The cultural norms that specify appropriate behaviour for people of a given age are called ________ ____________.

ANS: social age REF: page 197 3. The population of Canada is becoming ____________________ in age.

ANS: older REF: page 197 4. Erikson suggests that the psychosocial task of old age is ____________________ versus ____________________. (Note: When entering your response, separate your answers with a comma.

Example: answer1, answer2)

ANS: integrity, despair REF: page 199 5. ___________________________ who are working tend to be less happy if their partner is retired.

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ANS: Women REF: page 202 6. The most common chronic health problems among people over the age of 75 are ________________, vision, and memory problems.

ANS: mobility REF: page 206 7. Elderly people tend to fear ____________ more than death itself.

ANS: prolonged illness dependency REF: page 207 8. The ____________________ movement has encouraged humane care for the aging.

ANS: hospice REF: page 208 9. A ____________________ is the occasion for formal leave taking of the person who has died.

ANS: funeral REF: page 209 10.

Recent immigrants are more likely to live in ______-________ ______________ than those born in Canada.

ANS: three-generation households REF: page 212

11.

Among Aboriginal peoples, ____________________ are valued as transmitters of traditional culture.

ANS: elders REF: page 213

12.

The practice of requiring repayment of old age benefits when income reaches a certain level is referred as __________ __________.

ANS: the clawback REF: page 214

13. The ability of each age group in society to get a fair share of resources is referred to as _________ ___________.

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ANS: generational equity REF: page 214 SHORT ANSWER 1. Identify the four dimensions of aging.

ANS: Responses will vary.

2. Explain why it is artificial to divide older people into categories by age.

ANS: Responses will vary.

3. State the developmental tasks of old age.

ANS: Responses will vary.

4. Briefly explain the effect of pensions on the lifestyle of older people.

ANS: Responses will vary.

5. Briefly describe how women are disadvantaged in relation to pensions.

ANS: Responses will vary.

6. How are men and women likely to differ and be similar in terms of their experience of their romantic relationships in later life?

ANS: Responses will vary.

7. State three problems that may arise when grandparents are responsible for their grandchildren.

ANS: Responses will vary.

8. Briefly describe the impact of divorce on the grandparent–grandchild relationship.

ANS: Responses will vary.

9. Explain what is meant by “grey power.”

ANS: Responses will vary.

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10. Explain the economic impact of the growing number of elderly people in the population.

ANS: Responses will vary.

ESSAY 1. Aging has four dimensions. Discuss how well these dimensions identify who is considered to be old.

ANS: Responses will vary.

2. Discuss the impact of economic factors on older people.

ANS: Responses will vary.

3. Name and discuss three key areas of conflict involving older people and their family members.

ANS: Responses will vary.

4. Discuss the effect of a terminal illness on family relationships. Give examples.

ANS: Responses will vary.

5. Explain how the death of a family member may affect survivors psychologically, socially, and economically.

ANS: Responses will vary.

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