Practice of social research 14th edition babbie test bank

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CHAPTER 10 QUALITATIVE FIELD RESEARCH MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An example of the complete participant role is a. joining a sorority or fraternity to study initiation rituals without revealing your

identity as a researcher. b. standing at a street corner and watching whether males or females are more likely

to jay-walk. c. telling a motorcycle gang that you are a researcher and would like to ride with

them for a year to understand their interaction patterns. d. being a newspaper reporter who interviews union workers to learn about recent

strike efforts. e. All of these choices exemplify the complete participant role.

ANS: A OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

2. An advantage of field research is a. it enables the researcher to draw statistical conclusions about the population. b. the researcher can control the variables under study. c. social processes can be studied over time. d. hypotheses can be rigorously tested. e. it always employs the newest form of technology.

ANS: C DIF: Intro REF: Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative field research TOP: Factual MSC: Pickup

OBJ: 14

3. In comparison to experiments and surveys, field research typically has a. greater reliability and greater validity. b. greater reliability and less validity. c. less reliability and greater validity. d. less reliability and less validity. e. can't tell without more information.

ANS: C DIF: Intro REF: Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative field research TOP: Factual MSC: Pickup

OBJ: 14

4. Ralph wants to study juries, and more specifically what forepersons do on juries. According

to the Loflands, Ralph is most interested in studying a. practices. b. episodes. c. encounters. d. roles. e. settlements.

ANS: D OBJ: 3

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Special considerations in qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

321

5. Field research is advantageous in comparison to other methods because it: a. yields precise descriptive statements about a large population. b. involves the uniform application of precise operational definitions. c. allows for the modification of research design. d. produces definitive conclusions. e. is an extremely reliable technique.

ANS: C DIF: Intro REF: Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative field research TOP: Factual MSC: New

OBJ: 15

6. Jessica is concerned with the problem of reactivity in her study of a local diet group. Which

of the following is NOT one of her reactivity concerns? a. The members of the diet group might alter their behaviors because they know they are being studied. b. The members of the diet group might alter their lifestyles and behavior because they joined the group to lose weight. c. The members of the group might expel her from doing the research. d. The members of the group might alter their discussion of diet strategies because they know that she is studying the group. e. The members of the group may quit the program out of fear that their identities will be revealed.

ANS: B OBJ: 6

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

7. Which of the following is NOT associated with how field research is conducted? a. seldom approaches the task with precisely defined hypotheses to be tested. b. attempts to make sense out of an ongoing process that cannot always be predicted

in advance. c. follows a rigorous data collection protocol. d. makes initial observations, develops tentative conclusions that suggest further observation, and revises the conclusions. e. alternates between induction and deduction .

ANS: C OBJ: 2

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Special considerations in qualitative field research MSC: New

8. According to Michael Buraway, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Grounded theorists enter the field with clear cut ideas about what they’ll find. b. Extended case study theorists enter the field without preconceptions about what

they’ll find. c. Grounded theorists seek to know all the literature before entering the field. d. Extended case study theorists seek to know all the literature before entering the

field. e. Grounded theorists are meticulous in their data collection plans.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Grounded theory MSC: Modified

322

9. Professor Milne was preparing to do some qualitative interviewing in a field research project.

Milne, mostly a quantitative researcher knew that you were a research methods student and asked for your advice. You told Milne to be sure NOT to a. be willing to alter the specific wording of questions. b. be conversational when using probes with each participant. c. be willing to alter the order of questions if appropriate. d. stick to the script, making sure not to deviate from what was planned. e. be respectful and willing to go off topic with the participant.

ANS: D OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Grounded theory MSC: Modified

10. Which of the following is POOR advice about recording observations in the field? a. Always stick to your original research plan once observation begins. b. Always take as much notes as you feel is necessary. c. Take notes in stages. d. Advance preparation on recording anticipated observations better enables you to

record unanticipated observations. e. Do not trust your memory any more than you have to.

ANS: A OBJ: 12

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Recording observations MSC: Modified

11. Which of the following could NOT constitute a case in a case study? a. WWII b. The family Stone c. Elvis Presley d. Cuba e. Violence ANS: E OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: Modified

12. Satish is interested in understanding the dynamics within a racially diverse high school. He

interviews a wide variety of students, as well as the staff and faculty to understand how race has an effect on their education. Satish is using what sort of research paradigm?. a. participatory action research b. ethnomethodology c. ethnography d. case study e. institutional ethnography ANS: E OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Institutional ethnography MSC: New

323

13. Grounded theory a. is an inductive approach to the study of social life. b. involves the constant comparison of unfolding observations. c. is a deductive approach to the study of social life. d. is an inductive approach to the study of social life that involves the constant

comparison of unfolding observations. e. is a deductive approach to the study of social life that involves the constant

comparison of unfolding observations.

ANS: D OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Grounded theory MSC: Pickup

14. Which of the following is POOR advice for a qualitative field interviewer? a. Learn to listen, think, and talk almost at the same time. b. Be more interested than interesting. c. Do not deviate from your schedule of pre-established questions. d. Don’t try to halt your respondent’s line of discussion even if it’s not on topic. e. Enter the interview with an open mind of what the results may be.

ANS: C OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Qualitative interviewing MSC: Modified

15. Professor Miller taped eight focus groups to examine citizens’ attitudes toward park

development. As a research methods student, you told her that an advantage of the focus group is that a. focus group moderators need little skill. b. focus group moderators can easily control the focus group’s discussion. c. focus group data tapes are easily analyzed. d. focus groups have high face validity. e. focus groups are easily to coordinate.

ANS: D OBJ: 10

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Focus groups MSC: Modified

16. Sara wanted to learn about battered women. She entered the world of a battered women’s

shelter and lived with the women in order to fully learn about the views of these women. She wanted to write a detailed and accurate description about the lives that the women reported.

Which of the following approaches best describes Sara’s research paradigm? a. naturalist b. ethnomethodology c. grounded theory d. case studies e. qualitative interviewing ANS: A TOP: Conceptual

DIF: Intro MSC: Modified

REF: Naturalism

324

OBJ: 7

17. A researcher who volunteers full time at a soup kitchen to gain a deeper understanding of the

volunteers, as well as the people who frequent the kitchen is likely creating a(n): a. structured interview. b. unstructured interview. c. ethnography. d. case study. e. questionnaire.

ANS: C OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Ethnomethodology MSC: New

18. Jenny wants to do research that tells the stories of rape victims. She wants to tell “their

stories” the way they “really are.” Jenny is using a(n) a. naturalist b. ethnomethodology c. grounded theory d. case study e. participating action research ANS: A TOP: Applied

DIF: Intro MSC: Pickup

REF: Naturalism

paradigm.

OBJ: 7

19. In reviewing the detailed and accurate descriptions of the stories told by battered women

living in a shelter, an ethnomethodologist would say that the battered women in the shelter were a. describing their socially constructed reality. b. reporting their world as they made sense of it. c. describing their world “as it really is.” d. telling us how and why the world made sense to them. e. describing their socially constructed reality and reporting their world as they made sense of it.

ANS: E OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Ethnomethodology MSC: Pickup

20. Which of the following statements is FALSE about participatory action research (PAR)? a. The researcher’s function is to serve as a resource to those being studied. b. Researchers should define their subject’s problems, define the desired remedies,

and take the lead in helping subjects realize their aims. c. Advocates of PAR often believe that the distinction between the researcher and the

researched should disappear. d. Advocates of PAR often believe that traditional research is elitist. e. Advocates of PAR usually support the position of those they are working with.

ANS: B OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Participatory action research MSC: Pickup

325

21. In a complete qualitative interviewing process, a researcher will perform all but which of the

following? a. thematize. b. statistically analyze. c. transcribe. d. verify. e. design.

ANS: B OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Recording observations MSC: New

22. A(n) _____ focuses on giving a detailed and accurate description rather than explanation. a. ethnomethodology b. naturalism c. ethnography d. grounded theory e. case study ANS: C OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Institutional ethnography MSC: Pickup

23. Which of the following exemplifies a breaching experiment? a. Walking into an elevator and turning to face the door. b. Opening an umbrella on a beautiful day. c. Closing an umbrella after the rain ends. d. Looking at the sky when birds fly by. e. Wearing sunglasses on a sunny day.

ANS: B OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Ethnomethodology MSC: Modified

24. Jamie is interested in uncovering the institutional practices that create sexism in politics. She

will probably use the _________ paradigm. a. naturalism b. ethnomethodology c. grounded theory d. institutional ethnography e. participatory action research ANS: D OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Institutional ethnography MSC: Pickup

25. Which of the following is NOT part of grounded theory? a. analyses of patterns b. analyses of singular points of view c. analyses of common categories d. analyses of observational data e. analyses of themes.

ANS: B OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Grounded theory MSC: Modified

326

26. The use of specific, single incidences to discover the flaws in current theory, and then to

create revisions is an example of: a. focus groups. b. extended case method. c. ethnography. d. case study. e. qualitative interviewing.

ANS: B OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: New

27. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of focus groups? a. Focus group moderators require special skills. b. Focus group data are easy to analyze. c. Focus groups are often difficult to assemble. d. Focus groups allow for multiple viewpoints to be heard.. e. Focus groups afford the researcher less control than individual interviews..

ANS: D OBJ: 11

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Focus groups MSC: Modified

28. The qualitative field research interview is typically a. unstructured. b. structured. c. similar to the survey interview. d. unstructured and similar to the survey interview. e. structured and similar to the survey interview.

ANS: A OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Qualitative interviewing MSC: Pickup

29. Which of the following is FALSE regarding qualitative field research? a. Field research is well suited to studying social processes over time. b. Field research is well suited to studying behaviors within their natural setting. c. Field research is well suited to studying attitudes within their natural setting. d. Field research is well suited for quantitative analysis. e. Field research is well suited for flexible research approaches ANS: D DIF: Intro REF: Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative field research TOP: Factual MSC: Modified

327

OBJ: 14

30. Which of the following questions differentiates the various epistemologies within the different

paradigms? a. What is data? b. How should we collect data? c. How should we analyze data d. What is data and how should we collect data? e. What is data, how should we collect data, and how should we analyze data?

ANS: E OBJ: 1

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: Pickup

31. Field observation differs from some other models of observation in that it’s a different type of

data-collecting activity and also a(n) a. experimental method. b. method for testing precisely defined hypotheses. c. expansion of the sampling methods used in quantitative analyses. d. theory-generating activity. e. outdoor experimental method for testing hypothesis ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Special considerations in qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

32. “Going native” is associated with a. playing the complete observer role. b. doing any type of field research. c. doing qualitative interviews. d. playing the complete participant role. e. not playing a role but actually adopting characteristics of the group under study ANS: D OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Participatory action research MSC: Pickup

33. To examine the social interactions of online role playing gamers, a relatively new social

phenomena, Anthony developed a rough outline of what to look for before setting out on observation. This outline was intended to guide, but not specifically structure the observations. What approach did Anthony use? a. ethnomethodology b. grounded theory c. case study d. the extended case method e. participatory action approach ANS: B OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Grounded theory MSC: New

328

34. Hans wanted to rebuild or improve the theory on adjustment to retirement. In his research, he

gave particular attention to all the ways in which observations conflict with theories, based on a sound knowledge of the literature in this area. Which approach did he use? a. ethnomethodology b. grounded theory c. case studies d. the extended case method e. participatory action approach ANS: D OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: Pickup

35. Which approach was originally developed by Dorothy Smith to better understand women’s

everyday experiences by discovering the power relations that shape those experiences? a. institutional ethnography b. participatory action research c. naturalism d. focus groups e. grounded theory ANS: A OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Institutional ethnography MSC: Pickup

36. Matilda wanted to bring about a dozen first-time users of personal digital assistants to a room

where they could engage in a guided discussion of the topic. She should use a. institutional ethnography. b. participatory action research. c. naturalism. d. focus groups. e. ethnomethodology ANS: D OBJ: 10

DIF: Intro TOP: Applied

REF: Focus groups MSC: Pickup

37. Which one of the following is NOT a topic particularly appropriate for field research? a. attitudes and behaviors best understood in their natural settings b. social processes over time c. events taking place within a relatively limited area and time d. the effect of watching a video in a laboratory on prejudice e. studying consequences of natural disasters ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: Pickup

329

38. Xavier studied the social interactions within the basketball team at her school. Which one of

the following did she study? a. practices b. episodes c. groups d. settlements e. encounters ANS: C OBJ: 3

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Relations to subjects MSC: Pickup

39. Zeke studied friendship patterns among pairs of women and pairs of men. Which one of the

following did he study? a. relationships b. social worlds c. organizations d. lifestyles or subcultures e. encounters ANS: A OBJ: 3

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Relations to subjects MSC: Pickup

40. Ethical issues involving deception pertain particularly to a. the complete observer role. b. the complete participant role. c. naturalistic studies. d. participatory action research. e. laboratory studies ANS: B OBJ: 15

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Ethics and qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

41. John studied underground miners by becoming a miner. He became increasingly concerned

about his role, how he might affect what he studied, and how much he should become involved in the lives of the miners. He gave these issues a lot of thought, particularly regarding their impact on the study. This sense of things acting on themselves is known as a. indexicality. b. focus groups. c. symbolic realism. d. reflexivity. e. sensibility ANS: D OBJ: 6

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Relations to subjects MSC: Pickup

330

42. The paradigm that is based on the assumption that social reality is “out there,” ready to be

observed and reported by the researcher as it “really is” is known as a. ethnomethodology. b. symbolic realism. c. naturalism. d. extended case method. e. institutional ethnography ANS: C TOP: Conceptual

DIF: Intro MSC: Pickup

REF: Naturalism

OBJ: 7

43. Lorenzo did a study of delinquents in high school and wanted to understand delinquents as

they make sense of their social worlds. He was particularly interested in the taken for granted expectations that the delinquents followed. Lorenzo was using which paradigm? a. ethnomethodology b. participatory action research c. naturalism d. grounded theory e. case studies ANS: A OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Ethnomethodology MSC: Pickup

44. Sadie studied one family over several months to describe the social dynamics in the family.

Which paradigm did she use? a. ethnography b. naturalism c. focus group d. case study e. participatory action research ANS: D OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: Pickup

45. In addition to performing interviews for research purposes, Piet began to serve as a resource

to them by providing contacts for social services. He worked with them to understand their problems and how they could be remedied, and directed his research in a way that would benefit them and reduce their plight. Which paradigm did Piet use? a. participatory action research b. case study c. ethnography d. naturalism e. institutional ethnography ANS: A OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Participatory action research MSC: New

331

46. The most appropriate first step in field research is to a. identify informants. b. search the relevant literature. c. establish rapport with the people to be observed. d. write a draft of your final report. e. write a proposal ANS: B OBJ: 8

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Preparing for the field MSC: Pickup

47. A qualitative interview is most like a(n) a. experiment. b. oral questionnaire. c. ethnography. d. conversation. e. role playing ANS: D OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Qualitative interviewing MSC: Pickup

48. Focus groups are typically used in a. post-experiment debriefing. b. educational research. c. developing a theory. d. marketing research. e. therapy ANS: D OBJ: 11

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Focus groups MSC: Pickup

49. Which one of the following is NOT good advice for recording observations? a. take notes as you observe b. avoid rewriting your notes c. include both your empirical observations and your interpretations d. don’t trust your memory e. rewrite your notes at the end of each day ANS: B OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Recording observations MSC: Pickup

50. When a police officer goes undercover and joins the Ku Klux Klan in an effort to determine if

there are any criminal activities being planned, he/she has engaged in _________. a. simple observation b. participant observation c. natural observation d. experimental observation e. complex observation ANS: B OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

332

51. If a researcher was conducting field research within a labor union protest, and found herself

neither believing nor disbelieving in the union’s stance,, she is experiencing: a. naturalism b. reflexivity c. non-reflexivity d. reaction e. universality ANS: B OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Relations to subjects MSC: Pickup

52. If we are interested in studying the rates of divorce, illness or domestic violence in field

research, we are focusing on _____________. a. groups b. organizations c. roles d. episodes e. practices ANS: D OBJ: 3

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Special considerations in qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

53. A researcher who is interested in studying the effects of poverty in a low-income

neighborhood introduces himself to the residents as a researcher, and informs them of his research interest. In gathering data, not only does he observe and record the routine activities of these residents, but also participates in neighborhood council meetings, and even accompanies some of the residents to employment agencies. This researcher is known as a(n) ________. a. complete participant b. participant-as-observer c. observer-as-participant d. complete observer e. accomplice ANS: B OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Relations to subjects MSC: Pickup

54. The following are all sampling strategies in field research except a. random sampling. b. quota sampling. c. snowball sampling. d. purposive sampling. e. These are all sampling strategies used in field research.

ANS: A OBJ: 14

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Conducting qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

333

55. In qualitative interviewing, it is important a. to agree with what the respondent is saying verbally and with body language so

that respondents know you are listening. b. to clarify any inaccuracies the respondent may have about actual matters so they

are not misguided. c. to not spend a lot of time on issues that are not of interest to you as the researched. d. to be aware of your responses so that you are confident that you are not shaping

the respondent’s answers in any way. e. to discuss only matters that are important and related to the subject at hand.

ANS: D OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Qualitative interviewing MSC: Pickup

56. Harry, an ethnographer, lived among the homeless in Queens, New York, for a year, and has

recently written a book on his observations. Based on his experiences that the homeless took care of each other in Queens, he concludes that homeless people will take care of one another in all locations. In stating that conclusion, Harry has committed the a. ecological fallacy. b. individual fallacy. c. group fallacy. d. aggregate fallacy. e. ethnographic fallacy.

ANS: E OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Ethnomethodology MSC: Pickup

57. Research that is a process of producing knowledge and political outcomes that are beneficial

to oppressed people is known as a. oppression research. b. civil rights research. c. emancipatory research. d. correction research. e. beneficial research.

ANS: C OBJ: 13

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Ethics and qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

58. _______________ research is the process whereby the disadvantaged subjects define their

problems, define the remedies desired, and take the lead in designing the research that will help them realize their aims. a. Oppression b. Civil rights c. Correction d. Participatory action e. Beneficial ANS: D OBJ: 13

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Ethics and qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

59. In _______________, multiple people are brought together in a private, comfortable

environment to engage in a guided discussion of some topic. The subjects are selected based on the relevance to the topic under study.

334

a. b. c. d. e.

experiments focus group ethnomethodology grounded theory observation

ANS: B OBJ: 11

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Focus groups MSC: Pickup

60. In order to conduct a productive qualitative interview, an interviewer needs to establish: a. rapport b. distance c. separation d. power differential e. friendship ANS: A OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Qualitative interviewing MSC: New

61. In his study of the behavior of psychiatric nurses, Lamilton is concerned with reactivity amongst the study population. Which of the following would likely NOT be a concern regarding reactivity? a. the nurses might ignore his presence and not provide useful information to observe. b. the nurses may act differently than they normally would due to his presence c. the nurses may ask him to leave d. the nurses may ask for transfer or reassignment to not be observed e. the nurses may intentionally not converse amongst each other while at work.

ANS: A OBJ: 6

DIF: TOP:

Intro Conceptual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: New

62. Journalists and social scientists differ with regard to interviews in their a. methods used. b. relationship to data. c. recording of interviews. d. presentation to interviewees. e. use of interview guides.

ANS: B OBJ: 9

DIF: TOP:

Adv Factual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: New

TRUE/FALSE 1. Unstructured interviews are less appropriate for field designs than structured interviews.

ANS: F OBJ: 2

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: Pickup

2. The complete participant must be a genuine member of the group that he or she is studying.

ANS: F

DIF: Intro

REF: Relations to subjects 335

OBJ: 5

TOP: Factual

MSC: Pickup

3. Your field notes should record what you know happened, NOT what you think happened.

ANS: F OBJ: 12

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Recording observations MSC: Pickup

4. Qualitative field researchers must always participate in what they are studying.

ANS: F OBJ: 2

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

5. The extended case study approach is a valuable technique for deciding whether to reject or

approve a theory.

ANS: F OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: Pickup

6. Researchers who assume the role of the complete participant are unlikely to affect what they

are studying.

ANS: F OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Relations to subjects MSC: Pickup

7. Advocates of PAR equate access to information with power.

ANS: T OBJ: 6

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Participatory action research MSC: Pickup

8. Qualitative field researchers should wait to record observations until enough time has passed

to put the events in a proper perspective.

ANS: F OBJ: 12

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Recording observations MSC: Pickup

9. The terms “field research” and “participant observation” are synonyms.

ANS: F OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

10. Qualitative field research differs from other forms of observation in that it is both a data-

collecting and a theory-generating activity.

ANS: T OBJ: 1

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: Pickup

11. Specific methods do not link to specific paradigms.

ANS: T

DIF: Intro

REF: Some qualitative field research paradigms 336

OBJ: 7

TOP: Conceptual

MSC: Pickup

12. Case studies may be descriptive or explanatory.

ANS: T OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: Pickup

13. Focus group participants are typically selected via probability samples.

ANS: F OBJ: 10

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Focus groups MSC: Pickup

14. Field researchers are like journalists; the two share a similar relationship to data.

ANS: F OBJ: 12

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Recording observations MSC: Pickup

15. The questions we want to answer in our research determine the types of methods we need to

use.

ANS: T OBJ: 1

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: Pickup

16. One of the advantages of field research is that it raises very few ethical concerns.

ANS: F OBJ: 13

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Ethics and qualitative field research MSC: Pickup

17. A focus group is organized to bring together as diverse a population as possible.

ANS: F OBJ: 11

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Focus groups MSC: Pickup

18. In most interviewing protocols, it is usually better to establish rapport before proceeding with

difficult or sensitive topics.

ANS: T OBJ: 9

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Qualitative interviewing MSC: Pickup

19. A researcher who sits in a corner and observes people’s behavior at a sports bar is conducting

observer as participant research.

ANS: F OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

20. A common example of observer as participant research is the one-visit interview where

researchers ask interview questions, but there is no give-and-take conversation with participants.

337

ANS: T OBJ: 5

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: The various roles of the observer MSC: Pickup

21. Field research differs from surveys and experiments in that the researcher’s role in the field

research is likely to be more objective.

ANS: F OBJ: 1

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Topics appropriate for field research MSC: Pickup

22. Deception is sometimes necessary in order to provide good qualitative field research.

ANS: T OBJ: 13

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Ethics and qualitative field research MSC: New

23. The extended case method brings together case studies and the evaluation of theory.

ANS: T OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Factual

REF: Case studies and the extended case method MSC: New

24. When a researcher tries to examine the experiences of powerless groups from their

perspective, he or she is doing grounded theory research.

ANS: F OBJ: 7

DIF: Intro TOP: Conceptual

REF: Institutional ethnography MSC: New

25. Autoethnography is the exploration of phenomena in cyberspace.

ANS: F OBJ: 7

DIF: Adv TOP: Factual

REF: Ethnomethodology MSC: New

ESSAY 1. Select a topic. Describe how a complete participant and a complete observer might study that

same topic.

ANS:

Not Given 2. In comparison to other types of research, what are the major strengths and weaknesses of

qualitative field research?

ANS:

Not Given

3. Although there are no clear guidelines to follow, what ethical considerations should a

researcher take into account when choosing which role to assume in the field?

ANS:

Not Given 338

4. What are the best ways to establish rapport with the people that you are observing while

conducting field research?

ANS:

Not Given 5. Describe the stages a researcher must go through to conduct a qualitative field interview.

ANS:

Not Given 6. How are journalism and qualitative field interviewing similar? How do they differ? Outline and describe the differences.

ANS: Not Given

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