Psych 3rd edition rathus test bank

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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Motives activate behavior and propel the organism a. to flee. c. toward goals. b. to respond. d. to drives.

ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 2 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

2. The study of motivation is an attempt to understand __________ a behavior occurs. a. why c. when b. how d. all of these ANS: A OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

3. Psychologists define hypothetical states that activate behavior and propel one towards goals as a. needs. c. drives. b. motives. d. incentives.

ANS: B OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

4. Why are motives described as hypothetical states? a. There is no theory of motivation. b. They are questionable. c. They cannot be measured. d. They cannot be seen or measured directly.

ANS: D OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

5. The study of motivation is complex because it cannot be directly observed, only a. assumed to exist. c. inferred from behavior. b. compared with other behavioral forces. d. subjectively viewed.

ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

6. Motives can take the form of a. needs, drives, and incentives. b. requirements, desires, and impulses.

ANS: A OBJ: 1

c. stimuli, events, and actions. d. both a and b

DIF: 2 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

7. Which of the following are examples of physiological needs? a. oxygen, food, and water b. love, esteem and finances c. waste elimination and proper temperature d. both a and c ANS: D OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

8. Motives are believed to give rise to a. incentives. b. drives.

ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 2 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

9. Needs can be described as a. physiological and psychological. b. physiological and biological.

ANS: A OBJ: 1

c. psychological and spiritual. d. permanent states.

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

10. Physiological needs must be met a. by caretakers. b. by the environment.

ANS: D OBJ: 1

c. behavior. d. needs.

c. in order to be happy. d. in order to survive.

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

11. An animal has requirements to eat and drink. A species must reproduce. Behavior is organized

to maintain the proper temperature. What are these all examples of? a. learned behavior c. physiological needs b. unconscious motives d. preferences ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 2 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

12. Psychological needs are generally based upon a. biological needs. c. learning experiences. b. inner weaknesses. d. reflexes.

ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

13. One child takes great pride in academic accomplishments. Another child takes great pride in

pleasing her parents. These are examples of the influence of __________ on psychological needs. a. survival c. learning b. intelligence d. biology ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 2 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

14. Needs give rise to__________. a. pleasure b. pain ANS: C OBJ: 1

c. drives d. experience

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

15. Hunger is to _______ as food deprivation is to _______. a. desire; motive c. incentive; drive b. drive; need d. motive; desire ANS: B OBJ: 1

DIF: 3 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

16. A need for approval may cause an individual to a. withdraw from others. c. seek to please others. b. fear rejection. d. go without food.

ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 2 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

17. Good grades serve as a(n) _______ for studying. a. incentive c. stimulus b. drive d. requirement ANS: A OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

18. __________ will lead to higher or greater levels of drive. a. Basic needs c. Deprivation b. Environmental conditions d. Need gratification ANS: C OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

19. A high need for achievement would drive a person to a. distraction. c. avoid work. b. work hard. d. turn down a promotion.

ANS: B OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

20. A(n) __________ is an object, person, or situation that is perceived as being capable of

satisfying a need or as desirable for its own sake. a. drive c. compulsion b. impulse d. incentive ANS: D OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

21. Lower car insurance rates serve as a(n) __________ for good driving. a. incentive c. stimulus b. drive d. motive ANS: A OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

22. What is instinctual behavior indicative of? a. unlearned responses b. genetically transmitted behaviors ANS: D OBJ: 2

c. species-specific responses d. all of these

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

23. The evolutionary perspective describes behaviors that a. come naturally to a species. c. are nurtured. b. must be learned. d. require environmental experience.

ANS: A OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

24. The observation that birds reared in isolation from other birds have the capacity to build nests

without observation or learning experience provides evidence for the a. nurture theory. c. needs theory. b. evolutionary perspective. d. learning theory.

ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

25. William McDougall (1908) compiled a list of 12 human _________ that included hunger, sex,

and self-assertion. a. impulses b. releasers ANS: D OBJ: 2

c. incentives d. instincts DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

26. Research regarding human instincts agrees with all of the following EXCEPT a. Human behavior is biologically influenced but not controlled. b. There are 12 basic human instincts. c. The question regarding human instincts remains unresolved. d. There is too much complexity in human behavior to reach agreement on this issue.

ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

27. According to William James, humans have instincts that foster a. survival. c. intelligence. b. social behavior. d. survival and social behavior.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

28. The individual responsible for describing the drive-reduction theory was a. Sigmund Freud. c. Richard Solomon. b. William James. d. Clark Hull.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

29. According to Hull, the motivation to avoid touching a hot iron is a(n) a. primary drive. c. instinct. b. acquired drive. d. reduced drive.

ANS: A OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

30. An infant places a coin in his mouth. This probably demonstrates a(n) ________ drive and the

lack of a(n) ________ drive. a. acquired; primary b. primary; instinctual ANS: C OBJ: 2

c. primary; acquired d. learned; acquired

DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

31. __________ theories suggest that needs create a state of tension and that behavior relieves

that tension and returns the organism to a calm, resting state. a. Drive-reduction c. Need-based b. Humanistic d. Motive ANS: A OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

32. According to drive-reduction theory, _________ trigger arousal and activate behavior to

reduce the tension. a. instincts b. homeostasis ANS: C OBJ: 2

c. drives d. stimulus motives DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

33. Drive-reduction theory defines hunger, pain, and thirst as a. primary drives. c. secondary drives. b. instincts. d. acquired motives.

ANS: A OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

34. Feeding behavior is a(n) __________ to a primary drive. a. stimulus c. incentive b. response d. motive ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

35. Pain avoidance is a response to a. hunger pangs. b. acquired drives.

ANS: C OBJ: 2

c. a primary drive. d. a secondary drive.

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

36. According to drive-reduction theory, the drive to accumulate wealth is described as a(n) a. primary drive. c. biological need. b. acquired drive. d. fear.

ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

37. The tendency toward homeostasis or a steady state would cause a. a tired person to sleep. c. a smart person to write a book. b. a rich person to give money away. d. a poor person to seek work.

ANS: A OBJ: 2

DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

38. The concept of __________ describes the body’s tendency to maintain a steady state or to act

to restore balance in response to deprivation. a. hunger c. homeostasis b. acquired drives d. releasers ANS: C OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

39. The tendency toward homeostasis would a. drive a person to acquire wealth. b. satisfy a need.

ANS: C OBJ: 2

c. lead a hungry person to eat. d. lead to a state of deprivation.

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

40. Psychologists who theorize the existence of stimulus motives disagree with a. achievement theory. c. all motivation theories. b. cognitive dissonance theory. d. drive reduction theory.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

41. The observation that we enjoy stimulating activities such as driving in fast cars or riding roller

coasters is inconsistent with __________ theories. a. humanistic c. instinct b. drive-reduction d. primary drive ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

42. A prisoner is punished with solitary confinement. This punishment consists of the

deprivation of a need for a. stimulation. b. approval.

ANS: A OBJ: 2

c. forgiveness. d. rehabilitation.

DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

43. According to stimulus motives, if a person is bored they will be motivated to a. fall asleep. c. withdraw. b. seek stimulation. d. none of these.

ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

44. What do stimulus motives lead organisms to do? a. fight or flee c. decrease stimulation b. seek stimulation d. react to tension ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

45. A group of research participants are placed alone in quiet cubicles where their arms are

bandaged and they hear nothing but the sound of a dull, continuous hum. This method is used to study the effects of a. relaxation. c. sensory overload. b. conditioning. d. sensory deprivation.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

46. What does research on sensory deprivation reveal? a. It improves concentration. c. It makes it easier to sleep. b. It is an easy way to earn money. d. It produces boredom and

disorientation.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

47. Which of the following is a stimulus motive? a. exploration c. thirst b. hunger d. homeostasis ANS: A OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

48. Some psychologists believe that exploration and manipulation are primary motives that are

rewarding in and of themselves. How would these psychologists explain the exploratory behavior of a young kitten or puppy recently brought to their new home? a. They are looking for their mothers. b. They are trying to escape an unfamiliar setting. c. They are looking for sources of food. d. They are exploring a novel environment.

ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

49. According to Maslow’s _________ theory, humans are motivated by drives for personal

growth. a. behavioral b. psychoanalytic ANS: C OBJ: 2

c. humanistic d. Freudian DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

50. ____________ was responsible for devising the Hierarchy of Needs. a. Leon Festinger c. David McClelland b. Henry Murray d. Abraham Maslow ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

51. According to humanistic theory, people are separated from lower animals by our capacity for

______________. a. instinctual behavior b. stimulus needs ANS: C OBJ: 2

c. self-actualization d. cognitive dissonance

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

52. According to Maslow, individuals would not be motivated to satisfy their _______ needs until

their ________ needs are met. a. physical; psychological b. psychological; physical ANS: B OBJ: 2

c. physical; actualization d. primary; acquired

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

53. A homeless individual motivated to seek shelter at a church to escape the rain is satisfying

________ according to Maslow’s hierarchy. a. physiological needs c. safety needs b. esteem needs d. physiological and safety needs ANS: D OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

54. A sick individual who goes to bed to rest is satisfying the _______ of Maslow’s hierarchy. a. primary needs c. physiological needs b. acquired needs d. actualization needs ANS: C OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

55. An honor student who joins a scholastics club looking for friendship is mostly satisfying the

_________ of Maslow’s hierarchy. a. esteem needs b. love and belonging needs ANS: B OBJ: 2

c. safety needs d. physiological needs

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

56. Maslow argued that humans differ from other animals in that humans have a self-initiated

striving for a. survival. b. self-actualization.

ANS: B OBJ: 2

c. self-control. d. self-regulation.

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

57. According to Maslow, needs are organized in a __________ with physiological needs and

self-actualization needs at the extremes. a. hierarchy b. pattern ANS: A OBJ: 2

c. schema d. Gestalt

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

58. Many artists and intellectuals pursue creative and intellectual goals without recognition or

reward. The fact that they pursue growth motives in the absence of safety and security argues against Maslow’s idea that needs are organized as a. psychic energy. c. a hierarchy. b. drives. d. stimulus motives.

ANS: C OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

59. According to the cognitive perspective of motivation, people a. do what they think about. b. try to eliminate discrepancies in information. c. hold inconsistent beliefs. d. are more likely to appreciate things that come easy to them.

ANS: B OBJ: 2

DIF: 2 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

60. Amy strongly identifies with her Christian faith and being a law-abiding citizen, yet she

sometimes goes to parties where she drinks alcohol to excess, even though she is only 16.

According to cognitive theorists, what is Amy likely to be experiencing? a. a lot of fun c. guilt b. cognitive dissonance d. stimulus motives.

ANS: C OBJ: 2

DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

61. In the classic “sham feeding” experiments with dogs, what occurred? a. The dogs received no signals of satiety from chewing and swallowing. b. The food reached the dogs’ stomachs, and they stopped eating. c. Even though no food reached their stomachs, the dogs stopping feeding after a

while, and resumed feeding sooner than dogs whose food reached their stomachs. d. The dogs stopped feeding after a while, and did not eat as soon as dogs whose food

reached their stomachs.

ANS: C DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

62. Satiety refers to a. satisfaction with the amount of food eaten. b. being well rested. c. being in a state of balance. d. tension reduction.

ANS: A DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

63. The experience of hunger pangs, or __________, while obvious to the person, are not the

primary bodily signals for the regulation of hunger. a. changes in blood sugar level c. stomach contractions b. hypothalamic signals d. salivation ANS: C DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

64. If the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of a rat’s brain is destroyed, the rat a. becomes aphagic and continues to eat until it has doubled its normal weight. b. becomes aphagic and stops eating altogether. c. becomes hyperphagic and continues to eat until it has doubled its normal weight. d. becomes hyperphagic and stops eating altogether.

ANS: C DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

65. Satiety or satisfaction with the amount eaten is provided for by a. chewing and swallowing. c. stomach contractions. b. digestive tract signals. d. a and b only.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

66. The ________ is signaled when there is a drop in blood sugar due to food deprivation. a. hypothalamus c. pituitary gland b. amygdala d. thyroid gland ANS: A DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

67. A man has most of his stomach removed because of cancer. He learns __________ after his

surgery. a. that he will become aphagic b. that he will become hyperphagic c. that he will no longer experience satiety and must sham feed for the rest of his life d. that his body will continue to regulate hunger through blood, liver, and brain function ANS: D DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

68. The hypothalamus plays a key role in hunger regulation in that it is a brain center that a. drops the sugar level of the blood. b. launches the conversion of glycogen into glucose. c. regulates the pleasure in eating. d. signals hunger and satiety.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

69. Lesioning the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamus affects

hunger regulation by damaging the a. liver functions. b. stomach contractions.

ANS: C DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

c. on and off signals for feeding. d. pleasure of sham feeding.

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

70. When the ventromedial nucleus of a rat’s hypothalamus is surgically destroyed, the rat will a. become aphagic. b. become hyperphagic. c. not experience any stomach contractions. d. stop eating.

ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual 71. Biological factors in hunger include a. stomach contractions. b. blood sugar level.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

c. the hypothalamus. d. all of these.

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

72. Hyperphagic animals fail to experience a. blood sugar effects. b. satiety.

ANS: B DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

c. hunger. d. glycogen conversion.

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

73. The eating behavior of the hyperphagic rat suggests there is a. anorexia in rats. b. satiety in rats. c. an “off” center in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. d. an “off” center in the lateral hypothalamus.

ANS: C DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

74. The eating behavior of the aphagic rat suggests there is a. an “on” center for eating in the lateral hypothalamus. b. an “off” center for eating in the lateral hypothalamus. c. no way to electrically stimulate the hypothalamus. d. no brain mechanism involved in hunger regulation.

ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

75. Sugar levels and hypothalamic control centers provide evidence of the _______ of hunger. a. physiological regulation c. disregulation b. stimulus regulation d. voluntary regulation ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

76. The ventromedial hypothalamus ________ hunger while the lateral hypothalamus _________

hunger. a. activates; depresses b. encourages; ceases ANS: D DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Factual

c. motivates; satisfies d. depresses; activates REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

77. Eating because you are bored, depressed, or socializing demonstrates the role of _________ in

regulating the hunger drive. a. learned behavior b. psychological factors ANS: D DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

c. external incentives d. all of these REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

78. Which of the following is true about obesity? a. 1 out of 3 adult Americans are obese. b. Less than one half of African American women over the age of 40 are obese. c. Problems with unhealthy weight gain in the United States have been decreasing. d. Successful dieting leads to weight control for most people.

ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

79. It is suspected that ___________ is a factor in obesity. a. heredity c. having a high fat-to-muscle ratio b. adaptive thermogenesis d. all of these ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

80. Which type of tissue metabolizes food faster and makes it easier to lose weight? a. fatty tissue c. organ tissue b. muscle tissue d. none of these ANS: B DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

81. Dieting results in a(n) __________ of the metabolic rate. a. slowing c. increase b. speeding d. leveling ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

82. Who would have the most difficult time losing weight? a. a formerly overweight male athlete b. a person with a low fat-to-muscle ratio c. an average-weight male with an obese mother d. a formerly obese woman who has gained back her lost weight ANS: D DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

83. A regular television viewer finds the need to snack while watching his programs because of

all the commercials for food. This demonstrates the influence of ________ on eating behavior. a. psychological factors c. biological factors b. physiological factors d. none of these ANS: A DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

84. You generally exercise on weekends and eat a low fat diet. However, on Super Bowl Sunday,

you overeat, over drink, and sit on the couch watching the TV. What is this an example of? a. psychological factors in eating c. inactivity increasing hunger behavior b. the effect of foods like pizza on the d. a possible eating disorder brain ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

85. An adolescent dancer maintains a strict diet as she competes to earn a role in an upcoming

performance. Unfortunately, the part goes to someone else. The dancer goes home, forgets her diet, and overeats. This demonstrates a. the influence of stress on eating behavior. b. the strict influence of brain regulatory mechanisms on eating behavior. c. the influence of diet on metabolism. d. that people have a natural tendency to develop adipose tissue.

ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

86. Extreme fear of being too heavy, dramatic weight loss, and distorted body image are a few of

the characteristics of a. bulimia nervosa. b. anorexia nervosa.

ANS: B DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

c. obesity. d. set point.

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

87. Which of the following persons is most likely to have anorexia nervosa? a. A person of lower socioeconomic c. A European women in her late 50’s.

status. b. An African-American female.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

d. An adolescent girl.

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

88. Shauna is extremely concerned about her weight. Although she weighs less than 85% of her

desirable body weight and has lost 25% of her weight within the last year, she is still convinced that she is “fat.” Most likely Shauna has a. bulimia nervosa. b. anorexia nervosa. c. either a or b; there is not enough information given to tell. d. neither a nor b.

ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

89. Which of the following is true regarding anorexia nervosa? a. Women with anorexia nervosa have less risk of developing osteoporosis. b. Severe weight loss triggers abnormalities in the endocrine system. c. The mortality rate of women with anorexia nervosa is 25%. d. Females with anorexia generally drop 10% of their weight within a given year.

ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

90. Which eating disorder involves repeated cycles of binging and purging? a. anorexia nervosa c. obesity b. bulimia nervosa d. set point ANS: B DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

91. Donna is captain of her HS swim team, works out regularly, and is very concerned about

being in good shape. She occasionally goes off by herself and eats a half-gallon of ice-cream, but then forces herself to vomit afterwards. What condition does Donna likely have? a. anorexia nervosa c. dementia b. bulimia nervosa d. obesity ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

92. Which of the following factors is related to eating disorders? a. a history of sexual abuse c. sociocultural climate b. conflicts with a parent over food d. all of these ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

93. Kimberly is on the Honor Roll at her HS and has perfectionist tendencies. As a child, she was

abused by her very controlling parents. According to your text, what is Kimberly at risk of developing? a. a drug addiction c. depression b. an eating disorder d. teenage rebellion ANS: B DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

94. Sex drive in males is to _____________ as sex drive in women is to ______________. a. testosterone, testosterone c. progesterone, testosterone b. estrogen, estrogen d. testosterone, estrogen ANS: A OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

95. The arousal-producing effects of sex hormones are referred to as a. the organizing effect. c. the activating effect. b. the sexualizing effect. d. the coracoid effect.

ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

96. Who noted the similarity between men’s and women’s sexual responses? a. Masters and Johnson c. Anna Freud b. Johnson and Johnson d. Sandra Bem ANS: A OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

97. The sexual response cycle occurs in what sequence? a. excitement, resolution, plateau, orgasm c. resolution, excitement, orgasm, plateau b. resolution, orgasm, plateau, excitement d. excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

98. During intercourse, Ben’s penis became swollen with blood. What is this referred to as? a. vasocongestion c. vasopressing b. vasoconstriction d. erectile disorder ANS: A OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

99. During orgasm, Laura experienced muscle spasms. What were these caused by? a. myoglobin c. myotonia b. myocardial infarction d. myasthenia gravis ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

100. What is the first phase of the sexual response cycle? a. plateau phase c. excitement phase b. orgasmic phase d. resolution phase ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

101. Which of the following occurs during the excitement phase? a. the clitoris shortens c. thinning of the scrotal skin b. breasts enlarge d. testes become lowered ANS: B OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

102. Which of the following is most characteristic of the plateau phase? a. Vaginal lubrication begins. b. Men show an increase in the circumference of the head of the penis. c. Seminal fluid collects at the base of the penis. d. The inner part of the vagina constricts.

ANS: B OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

103. Which of the following is part of orgasm? a. involuntary muscle contractions c. decreased blood pressure b. decreased respirations d. release of blood from engorged areas ANS: A OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

104. What is the last phase of the sexual response cycle? a. plateau phase c. excitement phase b. orgasmic phase d. resolution phase ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

105. Francine is in the resolution phase. What is most likely to occur to her during this phase? a. inner part of the vagina increases in size b. release of blood from engorged areas c. swelling of the nipples d. blood pressure and heart rate reach a peak ANS: B OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

106. Sarah is sexually aroused. Her breathing is rapid and her heart rate has increased to between

100 and 160 beats per minute. She is also experiencing vasocongestion of the outer part of the vagina. Sarah is most likely in which phase of the sexual response cycle? a. excitement c. plateau b. orgasmic d. resolution ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

107. Which of the following demonstrates the presence of a refractory period? a. Light is refracted as it passes through a prism. b. Blood is refracted from the body into the penis during the excitement phase. c. A man experiences an orgasm and cannot experience another for at least 30

minutes. d. A woman experiences several orgasms.

ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

108. One criticism of the Kinsey reports is that a. the study was cross-sectional, not longitudinal. b. the study had a very small sample size, only 100 males and 100 females participated. c. the sample underrepresented people of color, older people, poor people, Catholics, and Jews. d. none of these.

ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

109. According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), a. men and women in their late 20s are about equally likely to give and receive oral

sex. b. men are more likely to report masturbating alone than women. c. under the age of 29, women report having higher rates of vaginal intercourse than

men. d. all of these ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 3 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

110. Which of the following groups of teenagers reports being the least likely to have had sex at least once? a. African American girls c. European American boys b. African American boys d. Latin American girls ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 3 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

111. Certain hormones predispose lower animals to either masculine or feminine mating patterns.

This is referred to as a. the activating effect. b. the coracoid effect.

ANS: C OBJ: 4

c. the organizing effect. d. the sexualizing effect.

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

112. The direction of one’s erotic interests refers to a. sexual intrigue. c. the missionary position. b. prosocial behaviors. d. sexual orientation.

ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

113. Sarah is a woman who is sexually attracted to men. She is a. heterosexual. c. lesbian. b. homosexual. d. contemplative.

ANS: A OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

114. Drew is a male who is sexually attracted to other males. He is a. heterosexual. c. lesbian. b. homosexual. d. unisexual.

ANS: B OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

115. Mitch is attracted to, and interested in forming romantic relationships with other males.

Psychologists would say that Mitch is a ________________ and he has a ______________ sexual orientation. a. lesbian; heterosexual c. gay male; homosexual b. gay male; bisexual d. lesbian; bisexual ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

116. Richard is a male who is attracted to both men and women. He is a. a gay man. c. bisexual. b. heterosexual. d. cephalosporin.

ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

117. Learning theories look towards what kinds of factors in explaining sexual orientation? a. genes and hormonal influences c. reinforcement and observational

learning b. a person’s relationship with their

d. the influence of testosterone

mother ANS: C OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

118. Mary is a lesbian as a result of early experiences in which she achieved orgasm with other

women. This would support the __________ point of view. a. biopsychological c. psychodynamic b. cognitive d. learning theory ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Applied

119. A study examining genetic factors as they relate to sexual orientation found that _____

percent of identical (MZ) twins are concordant (in agreement) for gay male sexual orientation. a. 2 c. 22 b. 3 d. 52 ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

120. Tom and Rob are twins. Tom is gay. According to heritability studies, Rob is more likely to

be gay if they are _____________ twins. a. fraternal b. identical c. it does not matter, there appears to be no role for genes in sexual orientation d. dizygotic ANS: B OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

121. In an experiment, pregnant rats were injected with testosterone. What were the results on their

offspring? a. There were no effects. b. Male offspring exhibited feminine mating patterns. c. Male offspring exhibited masculine mating patterns. d. Female offspring exhibited masculine mating patterns.

ANS: D OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

122. David McClelland (1958) selected pictures from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to

further the study of the a. need to affiliate. b. need for dominance.

ANS: D OBJ: 5

c. need for aggression. d. need to achieve.

DIF: 1 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

123. The response to a TAT picture of a person sitting on the floor with head resting on the couch

could be interpreted as, “a tired student who has so much homework they don’t know what to do first,” or “a tired student who just completed a research paper and is thinking one day they will be a famous author.” Which interpretation shows a higher level of achievement motivation? a. first interpretation c. neither; they are equal b. second interpretation d. It is impossible to decipher.

ANS: B OBJ: 5

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

124. McClelland’s (1965) research revealed that those whose Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

results demonstrated a high need to achieve were likely to seek work opportunities that a. guaranteed success. b. offered the possibility for greater levels of success. c. were nonentrepreneurial. d. were very high risk.

ANS: B OBJ: 5

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

125. Performance goals are to ______ rewards as learning goals are to _______ rewards. a. intrinsic; extrinsic c. extrinsic; intrinsic b. satisfaction with self; prestige d. none of these ANS: C OBJ: 5

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

126. Tangible rewards are to ___________ goals, as enhancing knowledge is to ____________

goals. a. performance; learning b. secondary; primary ANS: A OBJ: 5

c. learning; performance d. primary; secondary

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

127. A man leaves a secure job and decides to start his own business. He looks forward to the

challenge of taking calculated risks to make a success of his company. This man most likely is a. bored. c. low in need for affiliation. b. high in need for aggression. d. high in need for achievement.

ANS: D OBJ: 5

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Applied

128. According to Carol Dweck and colleague (2000), achievement motives can be maintained by a. learning and performance goals. c. intrinsic rewards. b. extrinsic rewards. d. the need for approval.

ANS: A OBJ: 5

DIF: 3 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

129. Parents who encourage their children to think and act independently at an early age are likely

to encourage a. performance goals. b. competitiveness.

ANS: C OBJ: 5

c. learning goals. d. a need to achieve.

DIF: 3 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

130. What are parents of children who develop learning goals likely to do? a. Encourage interpersonal competition. b. Reward them with money for good grades. c. Take away privileges for bad grades. d. Praise them for persistence.

ANS: D OBJ: 5

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

131. Parents of children who develop performance goals are likely to a. encourage persistence. c. give toys for good grades. b. provide stimulating experiences. d. make their children feel lucky.

ANS: C OBJ: 5

DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

132. Emotions are feeling states with all of the following components EXCEPT a. biological. c. behavioral. b. mental. d. environmental.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

133. A(n) __________ can be both a goal and a response. a. stressor c. behavior b. emotion d. apperception ANS: B DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

134. __________ are feeling states with cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components. a. Stresses c. Motives b. Emotions d. Wishes ANS: B DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

135. Strong emotions always involve a. arousal of sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nervous systems. b. external stressors. c. depressive cognitions. d. reinforcement.

ANS: A DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

136. Fear involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system but anger involves activation of a. only the parasympathetic nervous system. b. both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. c. the somatic nervous system. d. neither of the autonomic divisions of the nervous system.

ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

137. What is an individual exhibiting sympathetic arousal and concern about danger likely to be

experiencing? a. fear b. anger ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

c. depression d. happiness REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

138. What is an individual exhibiting parasympathetic arousal and self-destructive behavior likely

to be experiencing? a. anger b. depression ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

c. fear d. rage REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

139. Brian is depressed. The arousal of his parasympathetic nervous system represents the

___________ component of the emotion while his thoughts of helplessness represent the ___________ component. a. behavioral; cognitive c. cognitive; physiological b. physiological; behavioral d. physiological; cognitive ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

140. Darwin (1872) argued that __________ revealed universal signs of emotion. a. ANS responses c. demands for adaptation b. survival d. facial expressions ANS: D DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

141. According to Ekman (1987), if you were visiting Malaysia, you would ________ to

understand people’s emotions by observing their _________. a. be able; facial expressions c. be able; posture b. not be able; language d. not be able; facial expressions ANS: A DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Applied

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

142. A research method used photographs of people exhibiting different facial expressions and

required participants to label the emotion demonstrated in each photograph. What did this procedure reveal? a. Western cultures have unique facial expressions. b. The photograph technique was useless. c. Groups tested from all over the world agreed on the emotion exhibited by facial expression. d. Even groups within a single culture failed to identify facial expressions consistently.

ANS: C DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

143. Which field of psychology is interested in the study of positive emotions such as happiness

and love, optimism and hope, joy and sensual pleasures? a. optimistic psychology c. positive psychology b. emotional psychology d. humanistic psychology ANS: C DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

144. Which of the following believe that genetic factors play a role in happiness? a. Lykken c. Ekman b. Maslow d. Izard ANS: A DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

145. What does the research indicate about the common phrase “Money can’t buy you happiness?” a. The phrase is false, at least in that having money means you don’t have to worry

about it. b. The phrase is false, money and happiness are unrelated. c. The phrase is true, having more money actually leads to lower levels of happiness. d. There is no research available on this topic.

ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

146. Which of the following have been related to happiness? a. openness to new experiences c. marital status b. level of religiosity d. all of these ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

147. Happiness tends to be accompanied by _____________, an attitudinal aspect of happiness. a. a high income level b. a cognitive bias towards assuming things will work out c. being free from want d. attributing one’s successes to others ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

148. The old adage “Money can’t buy you happiness” does not seem to be true in the research

literature. Those with higher incomes or those who live in more affluent societies do tend to be happier. However, when is this not the case? a. When people are extremely wealthy. b. When people compare themselves to those who make more. c. When people make bad investments. d. None of these ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

149. The song “Put on a Happy Face” presents the view that facial expressions can influence

emotional states. This claim is similar to that made by a. socio-cultural theory. c. cognitive dissonance theory. b. facial-feedback hypothesis. d. psychoanalytic theory of emotion.

ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

150. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues that specific facial expressions a. are triggered by specific patterns of emotional response. b. are unrelated to feelings actually experienced. c. can mask true feelings. d. can trigger specific emotional responses.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

151. Which theory supports the following scenario: You see a tiger, you realize it could kill you,

and then you feel afraid? a. Cannon-Bard b. Common-Sense ANS: B DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

c. Cognitive-Appraisal d. James-Lange REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

152. Which theory supports the following scenario: You see a bear, then your heart starts

pounding, then you feel fear? a. Cannon-Bard b. Cognitive Appraisal ANS: C DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

c. James-Lange d. Common-Sense REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

153. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, specific patterns of arousal and action are

triggered by specific stimuli. The emotions we experience are, therefore, a. based on a single pattern or state of arousal. b. based on automatic physiological and behavioral responses. c. learned on the basis of experience with those stimuli. d. the result of our interpretations of stimuli.

ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

154. Which theory of emotion would agree with the statement: “We are sad because we cry.” a. Common Sense Theory c. Cognitive Appraisal Theory b. James-Lange Theory d. Cannon-Bard Theory ANS: B DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

155. Which theory of emotion would disagree with the statement: “Smile so you can be happy.”? a. Facial-Feedback Theory c. Cannon-Bard Theory b. James-Lange Theory d. None of these ANS: C DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

156. According to the Cannon-Bard Theory, an event simultaneously triggers a. physiological arousal and experience of an emotion. b. physiological arousal and action. c. bodily responses and thoughts. d. none of these ANS: A DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

157. The statement, “Emotions accompany bodily responses rather than being produced by bodily

change,” supports the __________ theory. a. Common Sense c. James-Lange b. Facial Feedback d. Cannon-Bard ANS: D DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

158. Which theory supports the following scenario: You see a tiger, then scream as you experience

the fear? a. Cognitive-Appraisal b. Common-Sense ANS: C DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

c. Cannon-Bard d. James-Lange REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

159. The Cannon-Bard theory disagrees with the James-Lange idea that a. facial expressions are universal. b. each emotion has the same physiological pattern. c. each emotion has a unique automatic physiological response pattern. d. arousal and action are related responses.

ANS: C DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

160. Which theory supports the following scenario: You see a bear, then you run as you think

“danger,” then you feel fear? a. Cognitive Appraisal b. Cannon-Bard ANS: A DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

c. Common-Sense d. James-Lange REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

161. You and your girlfriend are discussing the experience of an emotion. You argue that certain

external stimuli will instinctively trigger specific patterns of arousal and action that you know as a specific emotion. Your girlfriend argues that emotions do not differ greatly in their physiological arousal and that how you label the emotion you are experiencing will depend upon your assessment of the arousal. You are presenting the argument of the ____________ while your girlfriend is arguing the ___________. a. Cannon-Bard theory; Cognitive Appraisal theory b. James-Lange theory; Cannon-Bard theory c. James-Lange theory; Cognitive Appraisal theory d. Theory of Cognitive Appraisal; Cannon-Bard theory ANS: C OBJ: 6

DIF: 3 REF: Emotion | Emotion MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

162. Schachter & Singer’s model of emotion puts the greatest emphasis on a. arousal and action. c. cognitive interpretation. b. the importance of facial feedback. d. a nonphysiological theory.

ANS: C DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

163. Factors that can affect the accuracy of a polygraph test include all of the following EXCEPT a. previous experience taking the test. c. biting down on your tongue. b. use of drugs or alcohol. d. gender of the respondent.

ANS: D DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

164. Which of these is NOT measured in modern polygraph testing? a. hand sweating c. finger nail biting b. blood pressure d. heart rate ANS: C DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

165. After considering the different theories of emotion and the research supporting them, which

would be the most accurate conclusion to come to? a. Physiological arousal causes our emotional responses. b. Our cognitive appraisal of situations causes our emotional responses. c. How we behave causes our emotional responses. d. Cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components contribute to our emotional responses.

ANS: C DIF: 3 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

COMPLETION 1. _________ are hypothetical states within an organism that activate behavior and propel the

organism toward goals.

ANS: Motives DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 1

2. Motives may take the form of needs, drives, and ___________.

ANS: incentives DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 1

3. Species-specific behaviors that do not rely on learning are called _________.

ANS: instincts DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 2

4. Drive-reduction theory proposes two types of needs. They are _______ and ________.

ANS: primary; acquired (any order) DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 2

5. Sensory stimulation, activity, exploration, and manipulation of the environment are all

________ motives.

ANS: stimulus DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 2

6. Both humans and lower animals appear to be motivated to seek _________ stimulation.

ANS: novel DIF: 3 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 2

7. The top-level need in Maslow’s hierarchy is referred to as _________.

ANS: self-actualization DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 2

8. The brain structure that has been found to influence the hunger drive is the ________.

ANS: hypothalamus DIF: 1

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

MSC: TYPE: Factual

9. The _________ _________ acts as a “stop-eating” center in rats.

ANS: ventromedial nucleus DIF: 2

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

MSC: TYPE: Factual

10. __________ __________ are characterized by persistent, gross disturbances in eating

patterns.

ANS: Eating disorders DIF: 1

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

MSC: TYPE: Factual

11. A life-threatening eating disorder characterized by dramatic weight loss and a distorted body

image is known as __________ __________.

ANS: anorexia nervosa DIF: 1

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

MSC: TYPE: Factual

12. The sexual response cycle has__________ phases.

ANS: four DIF: 1 OBJ: 4

REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

13. ___________ ___________ refers to the organization or direction of one’s erotic interests.

ANS: Sexual orientation DIF: 1 OBJ: 4

REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

14. ___________ ___________ helped pioneer the assessment of achievement motivation.

ANS: David McClelland DIF: 2 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

OBJ: 5

15. __________ can involve activation of the sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nervous

systems.

ANS: Emotions DIF: 1

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

MSC: TYPE: Factual

16. Most investigators agree that certain _________ _________ indicate the same emotions in all

people.

ANS: facial expressions DIF: 2

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

MSC: TYPE: Factual

17. The _________ theory is consistent with the Facial Feedback Theory.

ANS: James-Lange DIF: 3

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

18. The fact that emotions are accompanied by bodily arousal has led to the development of the

_____________.

ANS: polygraph DIF: 2

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

MSC: TYPE: Factual

19. All three components of an experience, _____________, _____________, and

_____________ contribute to our emotional responses.

ANS: cognitive, physiological, and behavioral (any order) DIF: 2

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

MSC: TYPE: Factual

TRUE/FALSE 1. Physiological needs include needs for power, self-esteem and social approval.

ANS: F OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

2. A drive is a condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with a need.

ANS: T OBJ: 1

DIF: 1 REF: The Psychology of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

3. Homeopathy is the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

ANS: F OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

4. Self-actualization is a self-initiated striving to become whatever we believe ourselves capable

of being.

ANS: T OBJ: 2

DIF: 1 REF: Theories of Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

5. Destroying the lateral hypothalamus leads rats to become aphagic.

ANS: T DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

6. More than six out of ten American adults are obese.

ANS: F DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

7. Most college women have dieted at some point in their life.

ANS: T DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

8. Recent Miss Americas would be considered malnourished by the World Health Organization.

ANS: T DIF: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Hunger

OBJ: 3

9. The biological responses of males and females to sexual stimulation are quite similar.

ANS: T OBJ: 4

DIF: 1 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

10. Education, religion and ethnicity are all related to sexual behavior.

ANS: T OBJ: 4

DIF: 2 REF: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation MSC: TYPE: Factual

11. One’s achievement motivation does not appear to have much effect on either educational or

vocational success.

ANS: F OBJ: 5

DIF: 1 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

12. Performance goals usually lead to extrinsic rewards.

ANS: T OBJ: 5

DIF: 1 REF: Achievement Motivation MSC: TYPE: Factual

13. We have a fairly stable level of happiness that seems to have a genetic component.

ANS: T DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

14. Various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles

and in the brain.

ANS: T DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

15. The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions cause behavioral responses to events.

ANS: F DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

16. The Schachter–Singer view (that social comparison influences people’s attribution of their

arousal) has been supported and verified by subsequent research.

ANS: F DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

17. There are specific patterns of bodily responses which accurately pinpoint lying on polygraph

exams.

ANS: F DIF: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual

REF: Emotion

OBJ: 6

ESSAY 1. What are the biological factors related to obesity?

ANS:

Essay should include: The biological factors related to obesity include heredity (runs in families, as supported by research with twins and monkeys), adaptive thermogenesis (metabolism goes down when dieting) and fat-to-muscle ratio (fatty tissue metabolizes food more slowly than muscle does, so those with higher ratios metabolize food more slowly).

2. Describe the sociocultural origins of eating disorders.

ANS:

Essay should include: Eating disorders may have many origins and there remain many unanswered questions. First, children may refuse to eat as a way of punishing their parents. Second, there is some research, which suggests that eating disorders are linked to sexual abuse in young women. The sociocultural climate in the United States also may contribute to eating disorders. Slimness is idealized in magazines and on television. Models and those in beauty pageants tend to be both taller and thinner than the typical American female.

3. What does the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) tell us about the

sexual behavior of Americans?

ANS:

Essay should include: The NSSHB interviewed 5,865 adolescents and adults, aged 14 to 94. Results are broken down by kinds of sexual behaviors, sex (Men and Women) as well as by age. For every age group, men are more likely to report masturbating alone in the past year than women are. The incidence of masturbation alone generally rises through the late twenties and then begins to decline. Men and women in their late 20s are about equally likely to give and receive oral sex.

Under the age of 29, women report having higher rates of vaginal intercourse than men.

4. Describe the possible origins of a homosexual orientation.

ANS:

Essay should include: Learning theories looks at possible reinforcement from same-sex sexual behavior and observation of same-sex models; there’s evidence from family studies for a genetic link; prenatal exposure to testosterone has a masculinizing effect on female fetuses.