Building Science & Services E-Portfolio Joevitto Ayers 0345910

EPORTFOLI O BUI LDI NGSCI ENCEANDSERVI CES J oe vi t t oAye r s( 0345910)

Building Sciences & Services Assignment 1 Joevitto Ayers (0345910)

Changes 1. Light wiring The light switch on my room and my friend’s room turns on 4 downlights at the same time, which could cost more and not eco-friendly. My idea is to add one more switch on each room and each switch only turns on 2 downlights.

The green light switch turns on 4 downlights at once

Another light switch is added, so that it is possible to turn on 2 downlights now.

2. Downlight type In our rooms and bathroom, halogen downlights are used. By changing halogen downlights to LED downlights, we could bring down the watt. Each halogen downlight uses 55 watts while LED downlight only use around 13 watts – 17 watts.

3. Dimmable light Each room has dimmable light which the usage of watts is depended on the brightness of the light we use. We usually use the highest brightness and for studying. Dimmable lights are more eco-friendly as it only uses little watts, but for some reason our dimmable lamp’s bulbs are very easily broken. We’ve changed them a couple of times. So, to prevent this, I would like to replace them with LED spotlights. Although LED spotlights use 1-2

more watts, it is better than keep on changing light bulbs. Moreover, the spotlight direct light to the study desk, give more aesthetic and help more focus while studying on the desk.

The hanging brown ball is a dimmable lamp.

The 2 downlights and dimmable lamp are replaced with 2 LED spotlights which use around 9 watts - 14 watts.

4. Air Conditioner The current AC used in my room is Hitachi model: RAS-F10CF which is wall mounted.

The problems with this AC are it is placed directly above my bed, which is not good because I always felt cold every night when I am sleeping because the wind blows directly towards me.

With Daikin 3Di+, the wind won’t directly blow to me as it has sensor that detect human beings. Also, it is not wall mounted which is nicer for the aesthetic of the room. Another benefit is we could also control the humidity of the room as the AC has a lot of features. It is on of Daikin’s home central products, which mean the ACs on the whole condominium will be using only one air duct and use less watts than other AC.

ENERGY CALCULATION SIZING AIR CONDITIONER AREA OF ROOM (mm²) = [(2700x2620) + (1260x2940)] = 7074000 + 3704400 = 1077840 mm² ~ 10.77 m² ESTIMATED HEAT OF THE ROOM, x700 = 10.77 x 700 = 7544 btu/hr NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS, x500 = 1 x 500 = 500 btu/hr TOTAL WATTAGE FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT = LED DOWNLIGHTS + LED SPOTLIGHTS + CEILING FAN = (17 W x 2) + (12 W x 2) + 58 W = 34 W + 24 W + 58 W = 116 W ESTIMATED HEAT FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, x3.5 = 116 W x 3.5 = 406 btu/hr TOTAL HEAT = 7544 + 500 + 116 + 406 = 8566 btu/hr AIR COND SIZING (HP) = 8566 : 9800 = 0.874 HP ~ 1 HP DAIKIN 3Di+ model : FPRSQ25APVM capacity is 9600 btu/hp, which is sufficient for my room.

8150

1000

1640

2940

2270

560

LEGENDS 750 DESCRIPTION

QTY

WALL MOUNTED LIGHT

1

DOWN LIGHT

10

CEILING FAN

1

SWITCH

6

DIMMABLE LIGHT

2

SYMBOL

600 3910

AC

VOID 4910

2850 AC

WALL MOUNTED FAN

PROJECT TITLE:

DRAWING TITLE:

ASSIGNMENT 1

REFLECTING CEILING PLAN (CURRENT)

CHECKED BY: MS SHARON

SCALE : AS SHOWN DESIGNER : JOEVITTO AYERS DATE : 8 MAY 2022 REV:

DRAWING NO:

8150

1000

1640

2940

2270

AC

560

LEGENDS 750 DESCRIPTION

QTY

WALL MOUNTED LIGHT

1

DOWN LIGHT

8

CEILING FAN

1

SWITCH

8

SPOTLIGHT

3

SYMBOL

600 3910

AC

VOID 4910

2850

WALL MOUNTED FAN

PROJECT TITLE:

DRAWING TITLE:

ASSIGNMENT 1

REFLECTING CEILING PLAN (CURRENT)

CHECKED BY: MS SHARON

SCALE : AS SHOWN DESIGNER : JOEVITTO AYERS DATE : 8 MAY 2022 REV:

DRAWING NO:

ITEMS

DESCRIPTION

PHILLIPS LED DOWNLIGHT

SIZE : 6 INCHES, 17 W, COLOR : COOLWHITE 4000K

8

23.9

191.2

LED RECESSED SPOTLIGHT

SIZE: 75 MM, 12 W, COLOR : COOLWHITE 4000K

3

36

108

DAIKIN 3Di+

SIZE : 200 X 700 X 620, MODEL : FPRSQ25APVM

2

Schneider Vivace Series Switches

MODEL : KB31, 1 GANG, 1 WAY

2

5.2

10.4

TOTAL :

OTY

RATE

TOTAL

309.6

SOURCE

NOTE

https://shopee.com.my/PHILIPS-MESON-LED-DOWNLIGHT-13W--- SHIPPING FEE NOT 17W---5----6----59464-59465-59466-59467-PHILIPS-LED-DWNLIGHT- INCLUDED i.153508395.9924332585?gclid=CjwKCAjw9KTBhBcEiwAr19ig7QrqWzKeaL3BxGFPTrTPbeRBIDoca_mJHXnpLu8n https://www.lazada.com.my/products/2-years-warranty-led-eyeball- SHIPPING FEE NOT 3w7w-led-recessed-spotlight-i2867140491INCLUDED s13829315266.html?exlaz=d_1:mm_150050845_51350205_2010350 https://www.daikin.com.my/home-central-air-conditioning/ PRICE IS STILL UNKNOWN, (OTHER COMPONENT MUST BE BOUGHT : AIR DUCT AND OUTDOOR UNIT) https://shopee.com.my/Schneider-Vivace-Series-Switches-andSHIPPING FEE NOT Socket--white--i.137489931.11931535888?gclid=CjwKCAjw9INCLUDED KTBhBcEiwAr19ig6LxgZBBzESvkjDHGBTB57DYxITHl0WISL5Fkw4nZdY DAIKIN AC IS NOT INCLUDED YET

PHILIPS LED LIGHT

LED RECESSED SPOTLIGHT

DAIKIN 3Di+

Schneider Vivace Series Switches

As s i g n me n t2 b Bu i l d i n gSc i e n c e&Se r v i c e J oe vi t t oAye r s( 0345910)

Assignment 2A Temperature Internal temperature, which is the ideal A/C temperature as A/C is always turned on at these times= 75 𝐹 𝑜

External temperature based on a weather as the four walls are on the outdoor: 𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑒⁄ 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

7 am

12 pm

5 pm

17 May 2022

77 𝐹 𝑜

88 𝐹 𝑜

93 𝐹 𝑜

18 May 2022

79 𝐹 𝑜

90 𝐹 𝑜

88 𝐹 𝑜

19 May 2022

79 𝐹 𝑜

93 𝐹 𝑜

86 𝐹 𝑜

20 May 2022

79 𝐹 𝑜

93 𝐹 𝑜

95 𝐹 𝑜

Floor plan

This is the floor plan of my current house; the dimensions mark the length of wall that I will use for this assignment. For the points of direction, the top wall is the North wall, the right wall is the East wall, the bottom wall is the South wall, and the left wall is the West wall.

Equation for Conduction q=

𝐴 𝑥 △T 𝑅

q = Heat flow (𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟) A = Area (𝐹𝑡 2 ) 2 𝑜 R = Resistance (𝐹𝑡 𝑥 ℎ𝑟 𝑥 𝐹 ⁄𝐵𝑡𝑢)

East Wall

Note: Dimensions above are in millimeter (mm). Because the input parameters are in Imperial, the unit that will be used on the formulas is feet (Ft).

R-value for the concrete wall: -

East wall – RC wall with plaster and paint Assume concrete used is 80 pounds per cubic foot R = 0.52 per inch, wall thickness is 2 3⁄4”, then 𝑅 = 2 3⁄4 " 𝑥 0.52 = 1.43

R-value for sliding doors and windows: -

Material used is single pane glass, estimated thickness is 1⁄4” R = 0.91 per 1⁄4inch, so the R is 0.91

Area of concrete wall = 𝐴1 − 𝐴2 -

𝐴 = (118" 𝑥 193" ) − ( 78" x 134" ) = 22,774"sq - 10,452"sq = 12,322"sq

Area of sliding door and windows = 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 -

𝐴 = ( 78" x 134" ) + (106 x 193") = 10,452"sq + 20,458"𝑠𝑞 = 30,910"𝑠𝑞 sq

Heat Gain for East Wall: On 17 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 17,233 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 67,934 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 17,233 + 67,934 = 85,167 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 112,018 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 441,571 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 112,018 + 441,571 = 553,589 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 155,102 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 611,406 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 155,102 + 611,406 = 766,508 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

On 18 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 34,467 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 135,868 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 34,467 + 135,868 = 170,335 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (90−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 129,251 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (90−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 509,505 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91

- Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 129,251 + 509,505 = 638,756 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 112,018 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅

-

1.43

Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (88−75) 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 441,571 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 112,018 + 441,571 = 553,589 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

On 19 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 34,467 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 135,868 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 34,467 + 135,868 = 170,335 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 155,102 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 611,406 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 155,102 + 611,406 = 766,508 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 94,784 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞2 = = = 373,637 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 94,784 + 373,637 = 468,421 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 On 20 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 34,467 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 135,868 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 34,467 + 135,868 = 170,335 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 155,102 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 - Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 611,406 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91

- Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 155,102 + 611,406 = 766,508 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 12,322 𝑥 (95−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 172,335 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅

-

1.43

Heat transfer thru sliding door and windows, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 30,910 𝑥 (95−75) 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 679,340 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 0.91 Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 172,335 + 679,340 = 851,675 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

South Wall

Note: Dimensions above are in millimeter (mm). Because the input parameters are in Imperial, the unit that will be used on the formulas is feet (Ft).

R-value for the concrete wall: -

South wall – RC wall with plaster and paint Assume concrete used is 80 pounds per cubic foot R = 0.52 per inch, wall thickness is 2 3⁄4”, then 𝑅 = 2 3⁄4 " 𝑥 0.52 = 1.43

Area of concrete wall -

𝐴 = 224" 𝑥 84"= 18,816"sq

Heat Gain for South Wall: On 17 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞= = = 26,316 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 1.43 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 171,054 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 236,844 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43

On 18 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 52,632 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (90−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 197,370 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 171,054 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 On 19 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 52,632 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q

-

𝑞=

𝐴 𝑥 △T 𝑅

=

18,816 𝑥 (93−75) 1.43

= 236,844 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 144,738 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 On 20 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 52,632 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 236,844 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru south wall, q 𝐴 𝑥 △T 18,816 𝑥 (95−75) - 𝑞= 𝑅 = = 263,160 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.43

West Wall

Note: Dimensions above are in millimeter (mm). Because the input parameters are in Imperial, the unit that will be used on the formulas is feet (Ft).

R-value for the concrete wall: -

West wall – RC wall with plaster and paint Assume concrete used is 80 pounds per cubic foot R = 0.52 per inch, wall thickness is 6”, then 𝑅 = 6" 𝑥 0.52 = 3.12

R-value for wood door: -

Material used is solid wood, estimated thickness is 2” 2 R = 2.17 per 1 3⁄4inch, then R = 2.17 𝑥 3 = 5.78

Area of concrete wall = 𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟

1 ⁄4

-

𝐴 = (98" 𝑥 55" ) − ( 82" x 47" ) = 5,390"sq - 3,854"sq = 1,536"sq

Area of sliding door and windows = 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 -

𝐴 = 82" x 47" = 3,854"sq

Heat Gain for West Wall: On 17 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 984 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 1,333 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 984 + 1,333 = 2,317 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 6,400 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 8,668 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 6,400 + 8,668 = 15,068 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 8,861 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 12,002 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 8,861 + 12,002 = 20,863 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

On 18 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 1,968 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 2,666 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 1,968 + 2,666 = 4,634 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1

-

𝑞1 =

𝐴 𝑥 △T 𝑅

=

1,536 𝑥 (90−75) 3.12

= 7,384 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (90−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 10,0001 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 7,384 + 10,0001 = 17,385 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 6,400 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 8,668 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 6,400 + 8,668 = 15,068 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 -

On 19 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 1,968 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 2,666 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 1,968 + 2,666 = 4,634 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 8,861 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 12,002 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 8,861 + 12,002 = 20,863 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 5,415 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 7,334 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 5,415 + 7,334 = 12,749 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 On 20 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 1,968 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 2,666 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 1,968 + 2,666 = 4,634 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1

-

𝑞1 =

𝐴 𝑥 △T 𝑅

=

1,536 𝑥 (93−75) 3.12

= 8,861 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 12,002 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 8,861 + 12,002 = 20,863 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,536 𝑥 (95−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 9,846 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3.12 - Heat transfer thru wooden door, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 3,854 𝑥 (95−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 13,335 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.78 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 9,846 + 13,335 = 23,181 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 -

North Wall

Note: Dimensions above are in millimeter (mm). Because the input parameters are in Imperial, the unit that will be used on the formulas is feet (Ft).

R-value for the concrete wall: -

North wall – RC wall with plaster and paint Assume concrete used is 80 pounds per cubic foot R = 0.52 per inch, wall thickness is 11”, then 𝑅 = 11" 𝑥 0.52 = 5.72

R-value for Beam: -

Material used is RC, estimated thickness is 19” Assume concrete used is 150 pounds per cubic foot R = 0.07 per inch, wall thickness is 19”, then 𝑅 = 19" 𝑥 0.07 = 1.33

Area of concrete wall = 𝐴1 + 𝐴3 -

𝐴 = (106" 𝑥 97" ) + ( 98" x 97" ) = 10,282"sq + 9,506"sq = 19,788"sq

Area of beam -

𝐴2 = 19" x 97" = 1,843"sq

Heat Gain for North Wall: On 17 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 6,918 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (77−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 2,771 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 6,918 + 2,771 = 9,689 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞1 = = = 44,972 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 𝑅 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 18,014 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 44,972 + 18,014 = 62,986 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 62,269 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 24,9242 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 62,269 + 24,942 = 87,211 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

On 18 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 13,836 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 5,542 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 13,836 + 5,542 = 19,378 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (90−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 51,891 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 -

Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (90−75) 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 20,785 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 51,891 + 20,785 = 72,676 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (88−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 44,972 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 -

Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (88−75) 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 18,014 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33

Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 44,972 + 18,014 = 62,986 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

On 19 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 13,836 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 5,542 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 13,836 + 5,542 = 19,378 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 62,269 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 24,9242 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 62,269 + 24,942 = 87,211 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 38,053 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (86−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 15,242 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 38,053 + 15,242 = 53,295 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 On 20 May 2022: 1. 7 am: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 13,836 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (79−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 5,542 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 13,836 + 5,542 = 19,378 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 2. 12 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 62,269 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (93−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 24,9242 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 62,269 + 24,942 = 87,211 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

3. 5 pm: - Heat transfer thru concrete wall, 𝑞1 𝐴 𝑥 △T 19,788 𝑥 (95−75) - 𝑞1 = 𝑅 = = 69,188 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 5.72 - Heat transfer thru beam, 𝑞2 𝐴 𝑥 △T 1,843 𝑥 (95−75) - 𝑞2 = 𝑅 = = 27,714 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 1.33 - Total heat gain, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 69,188 + 27,714 = 96,902 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

Assignment 2B Design idea (Initial idea): Initially, my idea was to add a layer of foam or other material on my sliding doors. But it would be boring and plain. Then, I came up with the idea of adding hanging plants for aesthetic purpose.

These are sketches or my idea, I tried several shapes and thought that rectangle is the most appropriate shape for my design. Originally, I wanted to have frame for it, but it would look weird because the hanging plants would only be in the center of it. Then, I removed the left side and right side of the frame, so that the hanging plants of a piece could connect horizontally with other pieces.

(initial sketch) Materials: 1. Polystyrene foam 2. Cork 3. Fake hanging plants

How is it made?

Firstly, glue the 8 cork boards to the upper side and bottom side of the polystyrene foam. Then stick 8 more cork boards to the cork boards on the foam, to add thickness. One polystyrene foam required 16 cork boards. Lastly, glue the fake hanging plants to the foam.

Reduction of heat transfer The material that is used will completely block sunlight to enter thru the window if it is placed on windows or glass doors. Polystyrene and cork will add more R-value to the wall, thus heat transferred by conduction will be reduced.

Polystyrene is a porous material. It has small air bubble trapped inside. Those air bubble are too small for the heat to transfer by convection, and there isn’t a lot of solid for the heat to transfer by conduction. The air inside also effectively blocks most heat to transfer through layers.

Cork is also a good thermal insulator as it is made up of countless tiny cells that are filled with air. In other words, cork is also a porous material.

The polystyrene foam and cork will be spray painted white. As a result, heat transfer will be lessened.

This is because the color white absorbs less heat and reflect more light.

Another benefit is polystyrene foam can absorb sounds. Although it is not the most ideal soundproof material, it is still effective.

Product Costs Material

Quantity

Cost

Polystyrene Foam

1

RM 26

Cork Boards

16

RM 111.66

Fake Hanging Plants

1

RM 15.68

Total

RM 153.34

Revised Design:

My revised design is made of foam board. Foam board is made of polystyrene. Thus, it is porous and a good thermal insulator. Originally, I used cork for the upper side and bottom side, but I couldn’t get cork, so I used foam board.

For the back part, I use 3 A2 sized foam board and stick them together. For the upper and bottom frame, I horizontally cut a A2 foam board into 4 equal pieces, then I stack them and stick it to the main board.

Function: 1. Thermal insulator By increasing R-value to the wall, it automatically reduces the heat gain.

Moreover, it is porous (have air bubble inside of it), which is also good for thermal insulator. It has small air bubble trapped inside. Those air bubble are too small for the heat to transfer by convection, and there isn’t a lot of solid for the heat to transfer by conduction. The air inside also effectively blocks most heat to transfer through layers.

2. Sound absorption Although it can’t stop a sound completely, the material used can absorb sound and reduce the echo within a room.

3. Decoration The middle part of the board is for decorative purposes. You could stick anything you like to make it more eye pleasing. For example, fake hanging plants, sticky notes, memos, draw on it, or even wallpapers.

Production Cost: 5 pieces of A2 foam board cost RM 22.50 Target Audience Price: 40+35+38+40 = 4

30.6

Design value = 30.6 – 22.5 = 8.1

Reflection After I completed this project, I learnt a lot of ways to make the interior of a house more comfortable and more eye catching. I also learnt that we don’t have to spend a ton of money to make our house better. With cheap materials, we can make our own products with a lot of benefits such as thermal insulator, sound absorption, and decorative.

It also increases my knowledge on how to calculate the energy gain and loss in a room. I did a lot of research online and found a solution for a problem that is always there, but I didn’t realize until now. I also learn a lot about some material characteristic and the benefits and disadvantages of using certain materials.

After looking at my classmates projects, I feel like it improve my critical thinking skills to think of many ways to make my house more aesthetic and comfortable.

Fi n a lPr o j e c t Bu i l d i n gSc i e n c e&Se r v i c e J oe vi t t oAye r s( 0345910)

Task 1(a) Site Selection & Qualitative Description of Incorporated Building Services Selected site: Interior of first floor and bathroom on ground floor R.O.C is a project that help achieve the UNSDG (United Nation Sustainable Development Goals) number 6 which is clean water and sanitation.

Floor Plan:

Function of this space:

The general function of this space is to give clean water for sanitation purposes to people who can’t afford it. It will be placed on rural area where access to clean water is rare. It harvests and filter rainwater for daily necessities.

Specific activities : 1) Hand paddle water pump: Here, people can pump water for washing clothes purpose.

Water Supply: Harvested water will be filtered and store in water tank.

When in used, clean water will come out when it is pumped.

Lights: Spotlights to create focus on the activities.

2) Workshop Here, someone will educate people about the importance of clean water and sanitation. They will be teaching how to make handmade water filter by using used water bottle and other materials like stone, gravel, carbon, sand.

Lights: Spotlights to create focus on the educator when they are talking on the mini stage. And other spotlights on table so people can focus on their work.

3) Bathroom Shower, toilets, and sinks are on ground floor. They are for sanitation purposes.

Lights: Downlights to illuminate the rooms Water: For flushing, showering and sinks.

TASK 1(b) Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location Area First Floor Interior: (L1x W1 x) + (L2 x W2) (38.71 x 8.69) + (19.02 x 9.35) 336.38 + 177.83 514.21 square feet 10-20 lumens are need per square foot, assumed 20 lumens per square foot are used: 514.21 x 20 = 10284.2 lumens are need for the interior space

Light Catalogue: Name Picture Philips 7-Watt Downlight Led Lights

Price

Description

RM 25.90

Color white Voltage 220 - 240 V Rated electricity power: 7 W Can be dimmed: No Diameter 100mm Lumen 600 lm

12-Watt LED 1 Track 3 lights/ spotlights

Black Body Warm White 3500K Voltage AC 185 – 265 V Rated electricity power: 7 W Lumen 980 lm

Calculation for Lights Monthly Expenditure Commercial rate of electricity for business in Malaysia: RM 0.388 per kWh

Philips 7-Watt Downlight Led Lights There are 3 units for the interior spaces and 4 units on the bathroom area (each room has 1 unit, there are 3 toilets and 1 shower room).

7 W : 1000 = 0.007 kW 0.007 kW x 7 = 0.049 kW

Assume this place open for 12 hours a day.

0.049 kW x 12 hr = 0.588 kWh x 30 days x RM 0.388 = RM 6.844 per month

12-Watt LED 1 Track 3 lights/ spotlights There are 3 sets for the interior spaces. Each sets have 3 lights, which mean there are 9 lights in total.

12 W: 1000 = 0.012 kW 0.012 kW x 9 = 0.108 kW

Assume this place open for 12 hours a day.

0.108 kW x 12 hr = 1.296 kWh x 30 days x RM 0.388 = RM 15.08 per month

TOTAL LIGHTS EXPENDITURE PER MONTH: =RM 6.84 + RM 15.08 =RM 21.92

TOTAL LUMENS FOR FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR (At least 10284.2 lumens are need for the interior space) (TOTAL LUMENS OF 3 DOWNLIGHTS) + (TOTAL LUMENS OF 9 TRACK LIGHTS) (600 x 3) + (980 x 9) 1800 + 8820

10620 lm

ENERGY CALCULATION SIZING AIR CONDITIONER AREA OF ROOM (mm²)

= (L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2)

= (11800 x 2650) + (5800 x 2850) = 31270000 + 16530000 = 47800000 mm² ~ 47.8 m² ESTIMATED HEAT OF THE ROOM, x700 = 47.8 x 700 = 33460 btu/hr NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS, (ASSUME THERE ARE 10 PEOPLE), x500 = 10 x 500 = 5000 btu/hr TOTAL WATTAGE FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT = LED DOWNLIGHTS + LED TRACKLIGHTS = (7 W x 3) + (12 W x 9) = 21 W + 108 W = 129 W ESTIMATED HEAT FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, x3.5 = 129 W x 3.5 = 451.5 btu/hr TOTAL HEAT = 33460 + 5000 + 451 = 38911 btu/hr AIR COND SIZING (HP) = 38911 : 9800 = 3.97 HP ~ 4 HP At least a 4 HP AC is needed for the interior space.

VAC CATALOGUE: Name Acson F series air conditioner Inverter (R410A) Model : A5CK40F

Picture

Price

Description

RM 5200

Ceiling Cassette 4-D Cooling Comfort Built-in Drainage Saranet Filter 4.0 HP 42000 Btu/hr Nominal cooling capacity: 12.31 kW Power Consumption: 4.11 kW

Calculation for AC Monthly Expenditure Commercial rate of electricity for business in Malaysia: RM 0.388 per kWh

Acson F series air conditioner Inverter (R410A) Model : A5CK40F Power consumption: 4.11 kW Assume this place open for 12 hours a day.

4.11 kW x 12 hr = 49.32 kWh x 30 days x RM 0.388 = RM 574.08 per month

TOTAL ELECTRICITY USAGE PER MONTH: = (0.588 kWh x 30 days) + (1.296 kWh x 30 days) + (49.32 kWh x 30 days) =17.64 kWh + 38.88 kWh + 1479.6 kWh =1536.12 kWh

ESTIMATED MONTHLY ELECTRICITY BILL: = RM 21.92 + RM 574.08 =RM 596

TASK 1(c) Water Supply Network & Drainage of Bathroom

The water of this building come from this system. On top of the building, there are saucer and slanted roof for collecting rainwater, then the water is stored in the main water tank before distributed to the activity’s areas. Then, the water travels thru the pipes, filtered and stored at smaller water tanks for the activities.

TASK 1(d) Integrated Building Services in Drawings