Understanding Eczema and Effective Treatment Options
§ Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin.
Introduction
§ This presentation provides an overview of eczema, its symptoms, triggers, and various treatment options to manage the condition.
§ Eczema is a condition that makes your skin red and itchy.
What is Eczema?
§ It is common in children but can occur at any age.
§ Eczema is a chronic condition that tends to flare periodically.
Symptoms of Eczema
§ Common Symptoms:
§ Itching, which may be severe, especially at night.
§ Red to brownish-gray patches, particularly on the hands, feet, ankles, wrists, neck, upper chest, eyelids, and inside the bend of the elbows and knees.
§ Small, raised bumps, which may leak fluid and crust over when scratched.
§ Thickened, cracked, or scaly skin.
§ Sensitive, swollen skin from scratching.
§ Dry skin: When your skin gets too dry, it can easily become brittle, scaly, rough, or tight.
§ Irritants: Such as soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, and contact with juice from fresh fruits, meats, or vegetables.
Triggers of Eczema
§ Stress: Emotional stress can aggravate eczema.
§ Climate and sweating: High humidity can cause sweating, while low humidity can dry the skin.
§ Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause eczema to flare.
§ Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, pollens, and molds.
§ Diagnosis is primarily based on physical examination and patient history.
Diagnosis of Eczema
§ Dermatologists may ask about:
§ Family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever, or asthma.
§ Symptoms and their duration.
§ Possible triggers and previous treatments.
Treatment Goals
§ The primary goals of treating eczema are to:
§ Relieve and prevent itching.
§ Reduce inflammation.
§ Prevent infection.
§ Keep the skin moisturized.
§ Avoid triggers that cause flare-ups.
Moisturizing the Skin
§ Keeping the skin hydrated is crucial for managing eczema.
§ Moisturizing Tips:
§ Apply moisturizers immediately after bathing to lock in moisture.
§ Use ointments and creams rather than lotions.
§ Look for products labeled "fragrance-free" and "hypoallergenic."
Topical Treatments
§ Eczema Cream: Various eczema creams can help manage symptoms.
§ Corticosteroid creams reduce inflammation and itching.
§ Non-steroidal creams are available for those who cannot use steroids.
§ Apply as directed by a healthcare provider.
Prescription Medications
§ For more severe cases, doctors may prescribe:
§ Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs): Help reduce inflammation and immune responses.
§ Oral Medications: Such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or biologics to control severe eczema.
§ Phototherapy involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of natural sunlight or artificial UV light.
Phototherapy
§ Helps reduce inflammation and itch and increases vitamin D production.
§ Usually considered when other treatments have failed.
Lifestyle and Home
Remedies
§ Bathing:
§ Take short, warm baths or showers.
§ Add colloidal oatmeal or baking soda to relieve itching.
§ Avoid hot water and harsh soaps.
§ Clothing:
§ Wear soft, breathable fabrics like cotton.
§ Avoid rough, scratchy fibers and tight clothing.
§ Environment:
§ Use a humidifier in dry or cold weather.
§ Keep the home cool and comfortable.
§ Identify and avoid personal triggers to reduce flareups.
Avoiding Triggers
§ Common triggers include certain foods, stress, sweat, soaps, and detergents.
§ Keeping a diary to track symptoms and triggers can be helpful.
Seeking Professional Help
§ If eczema is severe or not responding to over-thecounter treatments, consult a dermatologist.
§ Regular check-ups can help manage the condition effectively and adjust treatments as needed.
Conclusion
§ Eczema is a manageable condition with the right approach.
§ Understanding triggers, maintaining proper skincare, and using appropriate treatments can significantly reduce symptoms.
§ Stay informed and proactive in managing eczema to improve quality of life.