tech studio

technical studio four

PORT FOLIO 2020 2021

JOEL GATI 16007696

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STRUCTURAL STRATEGY Reinforced Concrete Swimming Pool Structure

CLICK HERE

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TO VIEW DESIGN PORTFOLIO (RECOMMENDED)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY Light

CLICK HERE TECH STUDIO PORTFOLIO IN BOOKLET VIEW (RECOMMENDED)

CLICK HERE TO VIEW DRAWINGS ON THE MIRO BOARD

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T

Solar Shading Precedent Study

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PART L BUILDING REGULATIONS

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PART K BUILDING REGULATIONS Staircase Detail

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PART B BUILDING REGULATIONS

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PART M BUILDING REGULATIONS

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DETAILED DRAWINGS Roof Detailing Floor Detailing Cladding Detailing

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EXTERIOR CLADDING Terra Cotta Cladding Material Palette

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REFERENCES

Structural Strategy C H O I C E O F S T R U C T U R A L S T R AT E G Y Reinforced concrete is the most suitable structural material for the building due to its strength and durability. Strength is needed more than any other attribute due to the weight of the swimming pool on the east side of the building.

The structure of the whole building will be formed with concrete as it is important that the swimming pool on the far side of the building is securely upheld.

Exploded Structural Diagram

Concrete Structural Grid

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BENEFITS

REINFORCED CONCRETE Concrete and steel naturally compliment each other creating a superior resistance for structures against compression, shear stress and other forces.

Non- reinforced can handle compressive stress load until a certain extent.

Material Property

Value

Density

≈ 2500 kg/m3

Unit weight

≈ 25.0 kN/m3

Modulus of elasticity Ecm (secant value between σc = 0 and 0.4fcm)

see table above

Shear modulus G (in the elastic range)

G = E / [2 ⋅ (1 + ) ]

Poisson's ratio (uncracked concrete)

0.2

Poisson's ratio (cracked concrete)

0.0

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion

10 ×10-6 °K-1

WIDER RANGE OF SHAPES Reinforced concrete is often made by pouring concrete over a steel frame that has been fabricated into a desired shape, form, surface, texture, and sizes at construction site. fresh concrete comes in a flowable liquid state; Therefore, making it more suitable for architectural requirements.

DURABILITY Reinforced Concrete structures are durable if designed and laid properly. The material is not affected by weather such as rainfall and snow, and they can last up to 100 years. Hence why reinforced concrete is ideal for this building design as it is good for underwater and submerged applications like for building structures, pipelines, dams, canals, linings and waterfront structures.

F I R E R E S I S TA N C E The nature of concrete does not allow it to catch fire or burn. It can withstand heat for 2–6 hours providing enough time for emergency rescue operations in case of fire.

Reinforced concrete buildings are more fire resistant than other commonly used structural construction materials like steel and wood. It is suitable to fireproof steel and used in high temperature and blast applications.

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CONCRETE LASTS DECADES LONGER THAN ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS, AND ACTUALLY GETS STRONGER OVER TIME. (The Benefits of Concrete | Rediscover Concrete, 2021)

Concrete

Steel

Strength in tension

poor

good

Strength in compression

good

good, but slender bars will buckle

Strength in shear

fair

good

Durability

good

corrodes if unprotected

Fire resistance

good

poor — suffers rapid loss of strength at high temperatures (Mosley and Bungey, 1987)

LOAD PATH

TENSILE FORCE

(Mosley and Bungey, 1987)

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CURVED CONCRETE STRUCTURE Curved and conventional beams are subjected to crossways loading. With Two steel bars placed for reinforcement and two steel bars for compressive reinforcement.

Curved beams are horizontally placed, fixed supports are given at both ends of the beams and the beams are subjected to two-point loading, however there will be further structural support columns.

CURVED CONCRETE STRUCTURE WINDOW FRAMES

Source: Pinterest (concrete form for curved wall, 2021)

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Foundations are laid and concrete columns are placed in the correct places based on the structural grid plan.

This is the columns that supports the ground floor as well as the colonnade. These columns go into the ground to be structurally reinforced.

Beams are placed across the columns to enforce stability in the structure. Some of them might require intermediate support to hold up the weight of the swimming pool. More detail about the swimming pool on page 10.

Finally, the concrete slabs are placed in creating a floor to ceiling height of 3.2m. This structure layout is projected in the same way all through the building on the 3 different floors.

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Exploded Structural Diagram

1ST AND 2ND LAYER OF WATER PROOFING COMPOUND

7m

WATER LEVEL 5.6m

5.6m

PORCELAIN TILES

CONCRETE SLAB The structure of the whole building will be formed using reinforced concrete due to its strength and durability. Strength is needed more than any other attribute due to the weight of the swimming pool on the east side of the building.

Exploded Structural Diagram

GUTTER TOP GRILL POOL TOP COPING

REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB

WATER LEVEL

230mm

250mm PRE- CASTED REINFORCED CONCRETE STEPS

284mm

LIGHTING

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SWIMMING POOL SECTION DRAWING 1:10 @ A3

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Environmental Strategy HOW IS IT IMPLEMENTED IN THE DESIGH

LIGHT

• • • •

South side – (warm coloured lighting) Horizontal shading used to manage lighting North side – (cool coloured lighting) Vertical shading used to manage lighting.

HEAT

• •

South faced glazing Green roofs

DAY LIGHT SOLAR GAIN RAINWATER GREEN ROOF

POWER

•

Solar panels on the roof facing the south side to generate renewable power for the building.

WATER

•

Roof draining systems used to collect water to use for toilets.

BIODIVERSITY

• •

Green roofs Balcony garden

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LIGHT

S

N

S

N

S

N

SUMMER SOLSTICE

EQUINOX

WINTER SOLSTICE

JUNE 21st On June 21st of every year, the earth tilts towards the sun at its maximum which is referred to as the Summer Solstice. This day has the longest daylight of the year due to the sun appearing at its highest elevation with a noontime position that changes very little for several days.

March/September 21st During the autumnal and vernal (or spring) equinoxes, there are roughly 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night.

December 21st On the 21st of December every year, the Winter Solstice is the day with the shortest period of daylight and the longest night of the year, when the Sun is at its lowest in the sky.

DIRECT GAIN

SOLAR DESIGN Passive solar design uses the energy from the sun for the heating and cooling of living spaces, without relying on mechanical devices. The system relies on the natural heat transfer processes of conduction, convection and radiation in order to collect, store and redistribute the solar energy.

(Architecture Design Basics - Passive Solar Design - First In Architecture, 2021)

Winter (Heating)

Summer (Cooling)

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PRINCIPLES OF SHADING Heat gain needs to be controlled in order to avoid overheating during summer weathers. This is done by integrating overhang, shading devices, blinds and even large trees and buildings can provide suitable shading for the summer sun. On the other hand, the winter sun will still be able to penetrate the building as the angle of the sun is lower during the winter months.

SOUTH FACING ELEVATION

The horizontal overhangs are extremely effective on the south side and other sides that needs shading. It is a fixed structure meaning it cannot be adjusted during different seasons.

The shutters have the advantage of allowing air circulation near the façade.

It gives space for sun light to enter the space when its at its highest position.

The canvas overhanging tents has the same characteristics as the horizontal overhang except it can be retracted and extended.

Low sun protection on the horizon, they are effective sunshades hanging from the overhang.

Source: (Shading devices - Architetto Paolo Renieri, 2021)

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UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS GARAGE

This style of shading may seem like it doesn’t any light in, however that’s not the case. The shading is designed based on the time of year, month and day through the density of each of terra cotta shading panel. The denser areas are where the sun is more direct

TRANSOCEÁNICA BUILDING

This design of shading is design to shade out the summer sun when its at a higher angle where as the winter sun is at a lower angle and less direct with heat. So the building absorbs the heat in the winter and uses it to heat the spaces.

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Part L Building Regulations C O N S E R VAT I O N O F F U E L A N D P O W E R

Many leisure centres include a swimming pool and these are usually the largest consumer of energy in the complex.

Public swimming pools must be kept at a constant temperature and water quality carefully monitored. Energy and water costs of a swimming pool will always be relatively high but there are ways to reduce this by implementing a few energy and water saving strategies.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

(Solar Power Diagram - Solar Power Quotes & Information | Solar Quotes, 2021)

In areas where there is significant natural daylight, switch lighting off (or reduce the levels of lighting) during daylight hours.

Turn the pool heating and ventilation down or if practicable off overnight and cover it when not in use to reduce thermal and evaporative losses. upgrade lighting to LED, with dimmable controls for areas benefitting from natural daylight and presence detector controls for offices, training areas, changing rooms and toilets.

Low water consumption taps, showers, toilets and automatic shower controls to save on water.

Keep the temperature of the water between 25°C – 27°C and ensure the temperature is controlled for both the pool water and the conditioned air (which generally is maintained at 1oC above the pool water temperature).

(Energy Management in Leisure Centres | Essential Control, 2021)

A D VA N TA G E S O F S O L A R E N E R G Y 1. Renewable Energy Source 2. Reduces Electricity Bills 3. Diverse Applications 4. Low Maintenance Costs

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Part K Building Regulations P R O T E C T I O N F R O M FA L L I N G , C O L L I S I O N S A N D I M PA C T

S TA I R C A S E 1

S TA I R C A S E 2

S TA I R C A S E 3

3 – Floor 3 10500 1000mm 300mm

2 – Floor 2 7000

1 – Floor 1 3500

0 – Ground 0

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S TA I R C A S E 1

1240mm

175mm 350mm

Rise

S TA I R C A S E 2

Going

Minimum (mm)

Maximum (mm)

Minimum (mm)

Maximum (mm)

General staircase

150

170

250

400

Utility staircase

150

190

250

400

Based on observations of people' gaits, the formula suggested that twice the riser height plus the tread depth should be between 500mm and 700mm. (2R + G) (175 + 175) + 350 = 700

S TA I R C A S E 3

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Part B Building Regulations FIRE SAFETY

Second Floor

First Floor Buildings should be integrated with suitable and close proximity fire exits depending on the number of occupants in each part of the building. This project contains particular uses part K of the building regulations to create safe fire exits to ensure the safety of the users.

Ground Floor Main staircase

Elevator

Emergency staircase

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Part M Building Regulations DWELLINGS

To i l e t A c c e s s

Lift Access

Main Entrance Access

To enable convenient access to a WC, ensure that: - a. a room (which may be a WC/cloakroom or a bathroom) containing a WC is provided on the entrance storey; - b. there is clear space to access the WC in accordance with Diagram 1.3; - c. any basin is positioned to avoid impeding access; and d. the door to the room opens outwards.

A passenger lift is the most convenient way for many people to move from one storey to another but is not always practical. Where a lift is provided, it should be suitable for a wheelchair user, but where lift access cannot reasonably be achieved, it is acceptable to provide a suitably designed stair.

For the principal communal entrance door of the building containing the dwelling, ensure that: a. the door has a clear opening width of at least 775mm, when measured in accordance with Diagram 1.1; b. any threshold is an accessible threshold; and c. the ground surface (or entrance flooring) does not impede wheelchair movement.

the doors have a clear opening width of at least 800mm

1

2

SECTION AND ELEVATION 1:20 @ A3

SECTION AND ELEVATION 1:20 @ A3

3

ELEVATION 1:50 @ A3

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Timber Block Stainless Steel Secondary Framing System (SFS)

Terra Cotta Panel Stainless Steel Panels

Solar Panel Water Control Membrane

Metal Framing

Drainage System

Parapet Insulation

Stainless Steel Secondary Framing System (SFS) Stainless Steel Panels Ceiling Insulation

Plaster Ceiling Finish Concrete Slab

Mullions

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ROOF DETAILING 1:10 @ A3

Window Frame Window Glazing

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1

ROOF DETAILING 1:5 @ A3

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Mullion

Window Ledge Rubber tiles

Window Glazing

Window Frame Stainless Steel Secondary Framing System (SFS)

Floor Insulation

Terra Cotta Panel

Stainless Steel Panels

Metal Framing Plaster Ceiling Finish Ceiling LED Light

Concrete Column

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FLOOR AND CEILING DETAILING 1:10 @ A3

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2

FLOOR AND CEILING DETAILING 1:5 @ A3

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CLADDING CLOSE UP 1:5 @ A3

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Terra cotta rainscreen The exterior cladding of the building will be predominantly made from terra cotta as it responds to the historic red brick the site currently offers.

Material Property

Value

Dry weight

31kg/㎡

Frost resistance

After 100 cycles of freeze-thawing without cracking

Damage strength

4966N

Rupture modulus

Average value：97MPa，Least value ：86MPa

Elastic modulus

44GPa

Fire performance

A1 level

Sound insulation performance

Reduce noise more than 9dB

Thermal shock resistance

After 50 cycles of thermal shock without cracks and cracks

Impact resistance

0.78

(Terracotta Technical Data | Open Lab, 2017)

(Terracotta Technical Data | Greenway Systems, 2021)

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PROVIDES AN AESTHETIC APPEAL It can help in adding beauty to your building design. This cladding provides the best aesthetics appeal for both heritage or modern building use. It provides a smooth finish to enhance the overall look of the building.

DURABILITY Another benefit that terra cotta cladding provides is its high durability. It can last for years without incurring any damage to it. As it is weather-resistant, it can easily withstand the harsh weather conditions. In addition, as it is made of non-flammable materials, it is even resistant to fires and ensures optimum protection of the building.

E N E RGY SAVI N GS They can help in preventing the absorption of heat to the interiors to provide users with great energy savings. A reduction in energy consumption is created by reducing the amount of thermal transfer to the building to help keep the temperature low.

The structure of the whole building will be formed using reinforced concrete due to its strength and durability. Strength is needed more than any other attribute due to the weight of the swimming pool on the east side of the building.

(Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios website)

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Reinforced Concrete

Terra Cotta Panels

Double glazed Windows

Green Roof

Taking into consideration the aesthetics and sustainable elements of materials, these exterior materials have been selected for the building. I also considered the existing use of material in the castle park area which hold a lot of historical value. I also referred to Bristol Central Area Plan 37

The materials used to finish the flooring in the building have been carefully selected based on the aesthetics and characteristics. Its important that I chose anti slip materials for the safety of the users.

Stone Paving Slabs

Rubber Tiles

Matt Grey anti slip Tiles

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AS AN ARCHITECT, YOU DESIGN FOR THE PRESENT, WITH AWARENESS OF THE PAST, FOR THE FUTURE ...

Norman Foster

Material

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)*

Concrete

0.8

Terra Cotta

0.31

Glass

0.8

Stone Paving Slabs

2.15

Rubber Tiles

0.19 – 0.30

Matt Grey Tiles

0.6 - 1.7

The smaller the conductivity value is (W/m K), the better insulator the material is.

(Thermal conductivity of some used materials)

While minimising project cost is always a top consideration for architects, its important to keep in mind that spending more on sustainable strategies can provide savings over time, but also positively impact air quality, well-being, and lead to a healthier future.

REFERENCES Rediscoverconcrete.com. 2021. The Benefits of Concrete | Rediscover Concrete. [online] Available at: <http://rediscoverconcrete.com/en/sustainability/a-better-building-material/thebenefits-of-concrete.html> [Accessed 19 April 2021].

Assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_d ata/file/354091/02__140731__HSR_Supporting_Doc1__Access.pdf> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Brett Smith, B., 2021. The Benefits of Reinforced Concrete. [online] AZoBuild.com. Available at: <https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8300> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Essential Control. 2021. Energy Management in Leisure Centres | Essential Control. [online] Available at: <https://www.essentialcontrol.co.uk/energy-management-leisure-centres/> [Accessed 16 May 2021].

First In Architecture. 2021. Architecture Design Basics - Passive Solar Design - First In Architecture. [online] Available at: <https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/architecture-designbasics-passive-solardesign/#:~:text=Passive%20solar%20design%20uses%20the,and%20redistribute%20the%20s olar%20energy.> [Accessed 11 May 2021].

EurocodeApplied.com. 2021. Table of concrete design properties (fcd, fctm, Ecm, fctd) Eurocode 2. [online] Available at: <https://eurocodeapplied.com/design/en1992/concretedesign-properties> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Openlab.citytech.cuny.edu. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/giselle/files/2017/04/bechtlerconstruction2140718020052phpapp02-9-638.jpg> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Pinterest. 2021. concrete form for curved wall. [online] Available at: <https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/451908143840613981/> [Accessed 10 May 2021].

Rediscoverconcrete.com. 2021. The Benefits of Concrete | Rediscover Concrete. [online] Available at: <http://rediscoverconcrete.com/en/sustainability/a-better-building-material/the-benefits-ofconcrete.html> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Renieriarchitetto.com. 2021. Shading devices - Architetto Paolo Renieri. [online] Available at: <https://www.renieriarchitetto.com/riqualificazione-energetica/en/services/buildingsphysics/shading-devices.html> [Accessed 9 May 2021].

SolarQuotes. 2021. Solar Power Diagram - Solar Power Quotes & Information | Solar Quotes. [online] Available at: <https://www.solarquotes.com.au/how-does-solar-power-work/solar-powerdiagram/> [Accessed 16 May 2021].

The Constructor. 2021. What is Reinforced Concrete? Uses, Benefits, and advantages. [online] Available at: <https://theconstructor.org/concrete/reinforced-concrete-uses-benefitsadvantages/35976/> [Accessed 6 May 2021]. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-18825-3_1

Greenwaysystems.com.au. 2021. Terracotta Technical Data | Greenway Systems. [online] Available at: <http://www.greenwaysystems.com.au/terracotta-cladding-systems/terracottatechnical-data/> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Greenwaysystems.com.au. 2021. Terracotta Technical Data | Greenway Systems. [online] Available at: <http://www.greenwaysystems.com.au/terracotta-cladding-systems/terracottatechnical-data/> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Mart, T., 2021. What is Terracotta Cladding? | McCoy Mart. [online] McCoy Mart. Available at: <https://mccoymart.com/post/what-is-terracotta-cladding/> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

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