SDG Report 2022 - UCD Smurfit MSc in Project Management Class

SDG Resources Curated by students completing the Masters in Project Management, UCD Smurfit Graduate School of Business Dublin, Ireland

2022

Edited by Joe Houghton Director, MSc in Project Management

This report is accessible in CANVA at shorturl.at/efryD

Introduction The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as Global Goals, are a set of 17 integrated and interrelated goals to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that humanity enjoys peace and prosperity by 2030.

This report collates a set of resources curated by teams of Master's students at the University College Dublin Smurfit Graduate School of Business. The students are completing their Master's in Project Management programme.

This is a collaborative piece created by 17 separate teams as part of their final module of study.

It was created as a means of focussing the class on the SDG's, enabling them to inform each other and create a useful set of resources to draw upon for a graded assignment. Presentations by each team of their SDG can be accessed through links on the following pages...

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Creating this report This report was created as a formative (non-assessed) assignment over the course of 1 week during a 2-week block module in June 2022.

The intent behind this was to help the students - many of whom had never engaged with the SDG's - to do just that. By researching and curating one SDG, they added to a resource which was intended to inform their summative assignment for the module, the brief for which reads:

Students collaborated in CANVA using a template provided them with the overall report outlined and a "look and feel" applied to the SDG title pages and some blank layouts. They added in pages for their assigned SDG's.

Students were scattered all over the world during this period, and collaborated via whatever tools they liked - Zoom, MS Teams, Google Meet, email, WhatsApp. The videos were recorded in a session during the second week of the module using a Zoom call which was then edited down into the different segments using Lossless Cut. UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Video SDG presentations Each of the links below plays a short video of the students presenting their assigned SDG research.

All the videos can also be viewed at https://youtube.com/playlist? list=PLxfWScZuuRjWIBERIfNkEt-GoSO5wyiIL

Learnings & UDL Applying some UDL (Universal Design for Learning) principles was a goal for this assignment and module. Multiple means of expression, student choice, and multiple modes of engagement were all aspects of this assignment, which was intentionally non-assessed so as to be a low-stakes activity.

As an educator I was a little worried that there might be a lack of engagement, but I was wrong - high levels of interest ad engagement from all the students made this a highly positive learning experience for everyone.

So try something new - the Plus One principle in UDL really can work!

Table of Contents 1

SDG1 - No poverty

2

SDG2 - Zero hunger

3

SDG3 - Good health & well-being

4

SDG4 - Quality education

5

SDG5 - Gender equality

6

SDG6 - Clean water & sanitation

7

SDG7 - Affordable and clean energy

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Table of Contents 8

SDG8 - Decent work & economic growth

9

SDG9 - Industry, innovation & infrastructure

10

SDG10 - Reduced inequality

11

SDG11 - Sustainable cities & communities

12

SDG12 - Responsible consumption & production

13

SDG13 - Climate action

14

SDG14 - Life below water

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Table of Contents 15

SDG15 - Life on land

16

SDG16 - Peace & justice - strong institutions

17

SDG17 - Partnerships to achieve the goal

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 1 - No Poverty Goal One seeks to end all poverty in all its forms everywhere by the year 2030. It is made up of 7 targets and 14 indicators that are used to track its progress.

We are...

Nikita

Aoibhe

Abhishek

Why we care about this SDG

This goal seeks to ensure an equal standard of living for all where all humans are granted their basic needs.

This goal frames poverty through multiple lenses; developmental, economic, social and medical.

This goal is constantly being influenced by the external environment e.g impact of Covid, therefore new solutions are constantly needed.

It is reported that 70 percent growth is impacted by poverty!

Poverty can be reduced by growth.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Goal Targets and Indicators The following targets can be listed as below 1.1 Eradicate all poverty.

1,2 Reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children.

1.3 Achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.

1.4 Achieve equal rights to economic resources.

1.5 Build resilience of the poor, reduce exposure and vulnerability.

1.6 Mobilise Resources to implement policies to end poverty.

1.7 Create pro-poor and gender-sensitive policy frameworks.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

THE WEB OF POVERTY Why are so many people living in poverty? Around the world, in so called rich or poor nations, poverty has always been present. Today however, the gap between rich and poor is at an all-time high, with the richest one per cent having as much wealth as the rest of the world combined.

Poverty can be a complex web of causes and consequences, even taking into account the individual histories and circumstances of particular countries and regions, there are significant trends in the causes of poverty.

Source: https://developmenteducation.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Concern-3.-No-Poverty-Resource.pdf

COVID‑19 has led to the first rise in extreme poverty in a generation Estimates suggest that 2020 saw an increase of between 119 million and 124 million global poor, of whom 60 per cent are in Southern Asia Nowcasts point to the first rise in the extreme poverty rate since 1998, from 8.4 per cent in 2019 to 9.5 per cent in 2020, undoing the progress made since 2016.

Based on current projections, the global poverty rate is expected to be 7 per cent (around 600 million people) in 2030, missing the target of eradicating poverty.

Source: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Source: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22736/1_No-Poverty_FINAL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

CASE STUDY: Food Ladder Oasis for Afghan Women (Ongoing since 2015) The aim of this project is to create a local source of food to communities and the technology which enables them to cultivate crops indigenous to their diets.

Facts about Afghanistan After three decades of conflict, violence, oppression and famine, Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries on earth (UN Report) According to the World Bank Group Report, October 2014: ● 11 million Afghans - 36% of the population live in absolute poverty; ● Only 28% of Afghans above 15 years old can read and write; ● Another 37% live only slightly above the poverty line; ● Only 23% of the population has access to safe drinking water.

Expected results: Food Ladder will deliver a purpose built hydroponic system to generate enough produce to supplement the diets of 250 orphans and provide jobs for 30 widows in the first 18 months. Growing upwards of 3,000 plants at any given point and cropping every 5-6 weeks.

The pursued goal of this project is to empower afghan widows, and to create self-sufficiency for their families.

Source: https://use.metropolis.org/case-studies/food-ladder-oasis-for-afghan-women

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

What can we do?

USAID’S THEORY OF CHANGE FOR EXTREME POVERTY REDUCTION

Increase food security Improve lives through education and learning Promote global health and strong health systems Promote sustainable, broad-based economic growth Prevent and respond to crises, conflict, and instability Provide humanitarian assistance and support disaster mitigation Expand and sustain the ranks of stable, prosperous and democratic societies Reduce climate change impacts and promote low emissions growth

Useful Resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2O1HU6FMfk https://sdgresources.relx.com/goal-1-no-poverty https://irelandsdg.geohive.ie/pages/goal1 https://sdgcompass.org/sdgs/sdg-1/ https://sdgcompass.org/business-tools/?filter_sdg_goal=1. https://www.irishaid.ie/media/irishaid/allwebsitemedia/20newsandpublications/publicationpdfsengli sh/one-world-one-future-irelands-new-policy.pdf https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22736/1_No-Poverty_FINAL.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php? title=SDG_1_No_poverty#No_poverty_in_the_EU:_overview_and_key_trends https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/Vision-XP_508c_1.21.16.pdf

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 2 - Zero hunger It is an understatement to say that the world is hungry. According to a UN statistic, approximately 2.37 billion people around the globe are unable to eat or are unable to regularly sustain a healthy, balanced diet. Even more frightening is the fact that this statistic was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, both of which have placed significant strain on global food distribution. This SDG is therefore dedicated to eradicating hunger worldwide, achieving food security for all nations, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture.

We are...

Randall Cornelius

Sanjay Saji

Stephen Love

Why we care about this SDG Hunger is the leading cause of death around the world.

The UN believes approximately 690 million, or nearly 10% of the world's population is hungry. One in nine people go to bed hungry.

In Ireland, approximately 2.5% of the population lives in hunger.

Unequal access to food (greatly varying by country), unreliable food security, and inefficient management are the biggest contributing factors.

Creating opportunities for and promoting sustainable agriculture is vital for future generational food security while working to combat the evolving challenges brought on by climate change.

Modern, climate-friendly food-growing technology via sustainable agriculture. and fairer distribution systems can play an integral role in eradicating hunger.

Hunger and malnutrition mean less productive individuals, who are more prone to disease and thus often unable to earn more and improve their livelihoods A world with zero hunger can positively impact our economies, health, education, equality and social development.

Additionally, with hunger limiting human development, we will not be able to achieve other sustainable development goals such as education, health and gender equality.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Targets

Indicators

2.1 Universal access to safe and nutritious food

2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment 2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)

2.2 End all forms of malnutrition

2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age.

2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age.

2.2.3 Prevalence of anaemia in women aged 15 to 49 years, by pregnancy status

2.3 Double the productivity and incomes of small scale food producers

2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size 2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status

2.4 Sustainable food production and resilient agricultural practices

2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

2.5 Maintain the genetic diversity in food production

2.5.1 Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities 2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction

2.a Invest in rural infrastructure, agricultural research, technology and gene banks

2.a.1 The agriculture orientation index for expenditures.

2.a.2 Total official flows to the agriculture sector.

2.b Prevent agricultural trade restrictions, market distortions and export subsidies

2.b.1 Agricultural export subsidies

2.c Ensure stable food commodity markets and timely access to information

2.c.1 Indicator of food price anomalies.

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal2

https://knowsdgs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sdg/2

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

government

Targets and Indicators Double Productivity & Income of Small Scale Producers Supporting small-scale producers improves fair trade opportunities for less economically developed nations and improve quality of life for farmers.

It also supports diversity of produce and prevents conglomerates from dictating market price and quality.

Increasing productivity of small-scale producers also encourages enterprise, competition and overall supply of food to reduce environmental demands of importing and transporting produce.

Sustainable Food Production & Resilient Agricultural Practices Reduce reliance on non-renewable energy to provide a cleaner, greener future for all.

Reduces chemical use and improves quality and safety of food produced.

Saves scarce resources to improve efficiency of produce and guarantees a safer and more eco-friendly future.

Reduces environmental damage caused by the farming industry supporting indigenous wildlife.

Reduces long-term cost of food production to improve overall efficacy and viability of farming practices.

Maintain Genetic Diversity In Food Production Benefits local economies by supporting indigenous strains of plants Preserving culturally significant produce by supporting differences in produce across geographical locations.

Improves chance of survival of the species in the long-term and protects it against extinction by improving its ability to adapt and survive.

Genetic diversity also improves development of potential varieties against new diseases, insect pests, extreme heat and extreme cold..

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

How is the world doing on zero hunger?

1) Undernourishment

8.9% of the world's population are undernourished, that is 663 million people globally.

22% (149.2 million) of children under five are stunted due to poor nutrition or repeated infection.

6.7% (45.4 million) of children under five suffer from wasting.

Source: https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment

Figure: Prevalence of undernourishment, 2018

2) Food Insecurity Food insecurity is one of the major causes of poor nutrition.

A number of factors such as unavailability of food, unaffordable food, and unequal distribution of food contribute to food insecurity.

9% of the world population, that is 697 million are severely food insecure.

One in four person globally are moderately or severely food insecure More than half of those living in severe food insecurity were in Asia, around 40% were in Africa and the remaining 10% were split in between America, Europe and Oceania.

Source: https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment Figure: Number of severely food insecure people by region, 2018

3) Agriculture Orientation Index The agriculture orientation index gives an insight on the government expenditure on agriculture relative to its economic value.

An AOI larger than 1 shows higher orientation towards agriculture and lower than 1 shows lower orientation.

Only very few countries has an AOI higher than 1- The highest being Germany with 6.65.

Source: https://sdg-tracker.org/zero-hunger

Figure: AOI for government expenditures, 2015

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

How is Ireland doing on zero hunger?

Approximately 2.5% of the Irish population lives in hunger.

Unfortunately, this percentage has not decreased in the past 20 years.

An estimated 303,000 tonnes of food is wasted in Ireland through the commercial sector each year.

Ireland scored 1st place in the Economist’s Global Food Security Index (GFSI) for 2021 due to the following key reasons: Agricultural research and development has helped to minimise food loss.

Government priority to the commitment and high nutritional standards played a role.

Everyday actions that we can undertake to help achieve zero hunger Support Local Producers, preferring regional and in-season cuisine over exotic and outof-season ones.

Grow some of your own food in your garden or on your balcony, or if you don't have either of those options, rent a small plot of land in a nearby urban area.

Don’t waste. Reduce the amount of food you buy at a time and/or freeze fresh foods and leftovers if you won't be able to consume them quickly.

Find organizations that avoid wasting excess, unsold food.

Find any goal 2 charity that you like to support. Any donation, no matter how large or small, can help!

Charities you can support: https://food.cloud/, https://giy.ie/

Resources https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal2 https://sdg-tracker.org/zero-hunger https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment https://knowsdgs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sdg/2 https://www.wfp.org/ending-hunger https://gruenderatelier.de/zero-hunger-challenge-sdg2/ https://irelandsdg.geohive.ie/pages/goal2 https://food.cloud/ https://giy.ie/ https://www.un.org/zerohunger/content/challenge-hunger-can-be-eliminated-our-lifetimes

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 3 - Good health & well-being SDG 3 aims at providing good health and well-being for people of all different ages and to reduce needless suffering in the global community.

We are...

Ellen King

Erica Dowling

Bhakti Shirke

Why we care about this SDG

Health and well being is intimately connected to all areas of the SDG Health of a population is a strong indicator of a countries progress in the SDG. Poor health acts as a barrier to the individual realising things such as education, inclusion, and equality, Good health and well being is dependent on the realisation of other SDGs such as clean water, no poverty and zero hunger.

Healthcare is a civil right Health is a meassure of human rights being met, it is vital to our survival Aim is prevent needless suffering We can continue to improve on the healthcare system for the holistic view of health, increasing the standard of living of Irish people through well being.

Our responsibility So we as a developed country can aid in developing healthcare in countries that are most effected by disease Our education and resources can be used to develop new treatments and distribute them to countries where they are needed most.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Intro to SDG 3 SDG 3 seeks to contribute to sustainable development by achieving good health and well-being for everyone at all ages.

Key Focus On: Broader Social and Economic Inequalities HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Urbanisation Climate Crises

Source: https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/chapters

Goal Targets and Indicators SDG 3 has 13 targets and 28 indicators to measure the progress towards these targets. The first 10 targets are "outcome targets," for example – 1. Reduction of maternal mortality 2. Ending all preventable deaths under 5 years of age 3. Fight communicable diseases 4. Ensure reduction of mortality in non-communicable diseases and promote mental health 5. Treat and prevent substance abuse

Means to achieving SDG3 1. WHO framework convention on tobacco control 2. Support research, development, and universal access to affordable medicine and vaccines 3. Support health workforce and increase health financing in developing countries 4. Improve early warning systems for global health risks Source: https://sdg-tracker.org/good-health UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Source: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3

Challenges Related to SDG3 According to a global panel of experts who are based in Africa, Asia, and America the key challenges to achieving SDGs specific to healthcare include 1. As the 17 SDGs are interlinked. it must be ensured that they are tackled together rather than one by one.

2. To make a long-term impact, adequate funding must be secured, and investing in healthcare must become a priority.

3. Globally, all countries need to strive to achieve a healthy society not just to tackle disease.

4. The key detriments of health and well-being must be addressed, such as socio-economic detriments, i.e., income, education, and gender.

Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/achieving-sustainable-development/0/steps/35503 UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-sdg3/irelandsunsdgs2019-reportonindicatorsforgoal3goodhealthandwell-being/

Irish Status: SDG 3

7th

Ireland is ranked 7th in SDG of 15 countries within its economic division https://www.socialjustice.ie/content/publications/measuring-irelands-progress-sustainableprogress-index-2021

National Planning Framework Order of Priority

Public consultation on the planning for Ireland's response to the SDGs showed that Irish people rank SDG 3 as the 2nd highest priority in planning.

Unfortunately when the planning framework was reviewed, SDG 3 dropped to 9th priority in the implementation of change and infrastructure.

Public Consultation Order of Priority

Irish Attitude to SDG3

https://www.gov.ie/en/consultation/b1f2b-final-consultation-on-the-draft-of-the-second-sdg-national-implementation-plan-2022-2024/

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 3 Case Studies At Home: The GAA Green Clubs The GAA has been award SDG Champion Status for Goals 3 - Good Health & Wellbeing, 4 – Quality Education, 15 - Life on Land and 17 Partnerships.

A programme developed by the GAA to show climate and sustainability leadership in local communities, that has developed further into areas of education, well being and sustainably societies and infrastructure.

Large influence nationally and internationally with over 3,500 club eligible for the programme, 400 of these are over seas. https://www.gaa.ie/my-gaa/community-and-health/green-clubs-sustainability/sdg#:

Worldwide: The latest Innocenti Report Card 17: Places and Spaces compares how 39 countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union (EU) impact children’s environments.

Indicators included : Harmful pollutants Pesticides Damp and lead Resource consumption and e-waste dumping.

Resource consumption by Canada, Luxembourg and United States would require 5 Earths Spain, Ireland and Portugal overall topped the list of all OECD and EU countries.

Source:https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/RC17-EN_Places-and-Spaces_Environments-and-childrens-well-being_Report-Card-17.pdf

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Effects of Climate and Environment on Child Health by developed nations: Over 20 million children have elevated levels of lead.

In Iceland, Latvia, Portugal and the United Kingdom, one in five children are exposed to dampness and mould at home.

More than one in 12 children in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Israel and Poland are exposed to high pesticide pollution.

Source:https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/RC17-EN_Places-and-Spaces_Environments-and-childrens-well-being_Report-Card-17.pdf

International Movement Fridays for Future: Global child activism on climate change Source: <https://fridaysforfuture.org>

Recommendations for Sustainable PM

To enhance the implementation of governance policies while executing a project considering the climate effects.

Ensuring that the environmental policies and safety measures are childcare sensitive.

Take global responsibility, for now and the future Implement sustainable design, engineering, and construction practices that are data-driven to track and measure emissions throughout the project life cycle

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 4 - Quality education Sustainable Development Goal 4 aims at ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

Who we are

Samantha Kagel

Tara Broady

Sian Donnelly

Why we care about this SDG Quality Education provides us with the tools and skills to listen and reflect which in turn teaches us to make informed decisions about our life.

Education is the key that will allow many of the other SDGs to be achieved.

Education therefore helps to reduce inequalities and to reach gender equality.

It also empowers people everywhere to live more healthy and sustainable lives.

Education is also crucial to fostering tolerance between people and contributes to more peaceful societies.

Quality education offers a person the freedom of choice. Through Education people can break the poverty cycle and go on to have better jobs and better lives.

One extra year of education is associated with a reduction in the Gini coefficient by 1.4% - meaning the wealth inequality in a society is reduced.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 4 - Quality education Targets and Indicators The aim is for the SDG 4: quality education to be met by the year 2030.

Everybody and anybody can assist in reaching this goal, to help in the process, 10 subtargets have been set out to encourage everyone to create action and help ensure quality education.

The SDG 4 targets are accompanied by 11 implementation indicators to measure global progress regarding the targets.

These indicators focus of both education facilities for students and on quality of teacher supply.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 4 - Quality education Impact of Quality Education

Education is needed to be able to achieve many of the Sustainable Development Goals, it helps people to break the cycle of poverty and shows people how to become more tolerant and have better understanding of gender equality. It helps others to lead healthier and more sustainable life.

Quality education is essential to acquire knowledge about sustainable development, which can help others lead to better and more sustainable behaviors and actions. That is why it is necessary to promote fair and all-inclusive education for children and adults worldwide.

A disruption in education will have implications on 5 other SDGs with direct reference to education: SDG 3 (Health and wellbeing), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (decent work and sustainable growth), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production). https://stairwaytosdg.eu/en/sdgs/4-quality-education#behavioural-%E2%96%BC https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/4-quality-education/

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 4 - Quality education How to achieve quality education Schools are fundamental in providing learning spaces for students to plan and implement their ideas on how their contribution can help achieve all SDGs and finding ways to integrate all issues into curricular and extra-curricular activities.

Individuals also have a responsibility to contribute to quality education in their local community by promoting a more inclusive and solidary school. They must be aware of local challenges in accessing education, namely, accessibilities, gender, cultural and socio-economic challenges to develop and participate in local initiatives against discrimination and defend everyone’s right to education.

Taking and promoting free online courses, there are more opportunities now in the digital world to get access to education than going to university.

Donating used books.

Going to local communities and schools and asking what supplies they need.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Progress and Priorities Since 2000, we have made immense progress in achieving the quality education targets, but the COVID-19 pandemic wiped out our progress on many indicators.

58% % students completing upper secondary school (+4 pp since 2015)

In low and middle income countries, 7 in 10 children aged 3 and 4 are developmentally on track, with no significant differences by child’s sex Only 15% of countries have population >40% with standard skills

10% In only 10% of countries, more than 70% of individuals can carry out one of the activities that compose basic skills in the last three months, such as sending an e-mail

25% Gender inequalities remain for many indicators - Minimum learning proficiency - Secondary completion rate

50%

Primary schools without basic Primary schools without services (electricity, water) technology, communication, or ability services

COVID-19 caused a global education crisis. The consequences on children's learning and wellbeing are devastating and impossible to scope fully. It is estimated that 147 million children missed more than half of their in-class instruction over the past two years. Impact is greater for those in lower socio-economic classes or in lesser developed countries.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 5 - Gender Equality Gender Equality is the ambition to provide equal opportunity across genders and is believed to be the foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.

We are...

NIALL

EDNA

NIKHIL

Examples of Gender Inequality:

Globally, 750 million women and girls were married before the age of 18 and at least 200 million women and girls in 30 countries have undergone FGM.

19% of women and girls aged 15 to 49, have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner within the last 12 months.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

49 countries lack laws protecting women from domestic violence.

Why it Matters?

Regardless of where you live in, gender equality is a fundamental human right.

Advancing gender equality is critical to all areas of a healthy society, from reducing poverty to promoting the health, education, protection and the well-being of girls and boys.

Impacts of Gender Inequality Employment Female workers are less prone to corruption.

Companies reduce the ability of their workforce.

Lowers economic growth and leads to higher fertility levels.

Education Imposes distortions on the economy.

Reduces pool of talent for further education and from which employees can draw from.

Democracy Equal voting rights lead to lower fertility rates and higher rates of female labour force participation.

Resources that might be of interest: https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2017/number/1/article/genderinequality-and-growth-in-europe.html https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/the-effects-of-gender-inequality-across-the-world https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/psychological-effects-of-genderinequality#trauma-exposure

What has been achieved

2015

2019

Progress slowly being made.

Most numbers continue to be high.

Lack of progress in structural issues at the root of inequality.

Other resources that might be of interest: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal5

IMPACT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19 risks reversing decades of progress in the fight against poverty and exacerbating inequality within and between countries 11.5 Million women migrant domestic workers, have been left unpaid and Stranded 2 Million Kenya workers lost their job, forced to become sex worker to feed their kids

50% Refugee workers who enrolled in secondary school will not return

75% Women Share of Unpaid Care work

The occupational risk score is based on three job attributes: contact with others, physical proximity to others and exposure to disease and infection.

These are highly feminized occupations, in which women account for at least seven in every ten workers.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

What Can Be Done?

Increasing digital infrastructure, particularly in emerging economies Addressing gender stereotypes that inhibit women’s access to mobile phones and improving women’s digital literacy Measures to promote gender diversity in funding for women entrepreneurs, including eliminating biases in recruitment and selection processes for incubators or accelerators A special focus on women-owned enterprises under the stimulus programs of various countries Interventions to address attitudinal biases

Taking action could Increase 2030 GDP by

now

$13 Trillion Potential interventions Employer- or state-funded provision of childcare or tax policies that encourage both spouses to work Family-friendly policies, including flexible programs and part-time programs, to support workers experiencing an increased childcare burden during the pandemic and beyond Rethinking performance reviews and promotions Crucial measures to change social norms about who bears childcare responsibilities

Resources STRENGTHENING GENDER MEASURES AND DATA IN THE COVID-19 ERA: AN URGENT NEED FOR CHANGE

COVID-19 and gender equality: Countering the regressive effects Spotlight on gender equality and covid-19

Gender equality and COVID-19 Unpaid Care Work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 6 - Clean water & sanitation SDG 6 is dedicated to ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

We are...

Why we care about this SDG Access to sanitation and water is a human right and its lack causes deaths.

Water is essential to life, as a human being cannot live more than 3 days without water.

Water is vital for agriculture as food cannot be produced without water.

Water is essential for the industry, as it is used to produce energy, to wash and cool a product for example.

Everyone should care about access to clean water and sanitation.

Facts 2.2 billion people lack safe drinking water 4.2 billion people live without access to adequate sanitation Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal diseases More facts and information available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 6 - Clean water & sanitation TARGETS

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

INDICATORS

Drinking water

Sanitation & Hygiene

Wastewater treatment & Water equality

6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

Water-use efficiency & Water stress

6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate

Integrated water resources management & Transboundary water cooperation

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

Water-related ecosystems

6.A By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies

International cooperation

6.B Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management

Community participation

The following link explains in more detail the different indicators:

https://www.sdg6data.org

Ireland's Perspective CSO report on how Ireland is progressing toward meeting its target under the 17 SDGs Goal 6 categorized the indicators under 3 different chapters:

Clean and Safe Water 99.9% of the population are using safely managed drinking water services The quality of water remains relatively high 99.9% of the population use a safely managed sanitation service The proportion of wastewater is being safely treated - more than 1 billion litres of wastewater is collected every day Under the Water Framework Directive: the bodies of water (rivers, lakes, groundwater) were classified at a Good Ambient Water Quality

Water Management The degree of Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation (IWRM) in 2020 was 81%

Water Policies In 2019, €2.5 million was spent on water and sanitation Water and sanitation accounted for less than 1% of the ODA budget

‘Ireland’s UN SDGs 2019 – Report on Indicators for Goal 6 Clean Water and Sanitation UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Global Perspective The Impacts of Covid-19 on SDG6 Increased need for clean water and sanitation as a basic need for human health Challenges in Asia Pacific regions: Water scarcity, rising population and poor infrastructure

Applying four core principles

The pandemic also causes an adverse affect on interlinked SDG'S such a climate change, gender equality and poverty

Separating drinking water from wastewater Accessing and treating drinking water Protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems Guaranteeing water access and water rights https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/goal-6-risingchallenge-enabling-access-clean-and-safe-water-globally https://our.kinder.world/appeal/improvingwater-sanitation-and-hygiene-worldwidet

https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/access-deniedtoilets-Harpic-Waterorg-RB/ UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

P5 Standard for Sustainability People, Planet, Profit, Process and Product In order to make a measurable difference, the P5 standard is a project management tool which measures the sustainable development of the project. Commonly known as the bridge between projects and sustainable development.

High quality, sustainable Project Management considers the project's impact on Water quality, consumption and displacement Water Quality:What impact will the project or the product have on the water quality Water Consumption: How much water will be withdrawn by the project/product throughout the project Lifecycle Water Displacement: How much water will be displaced from the water table as a direct result of the project

Water Conservation in action..

In India, McDonald's are constantly improving their business practices in order to prevent water scarcity by harvesting rainwater. The collected water flows into a storm drain and is naturally filtered via a water table. As a result, McDonalds India recharges 106,400 of water per year, using 50% rainwater that falls on the roof.

Source:http://www.businessfor2030.org/mcdonalds

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Deep Dive Video into SDG 6 which discusses the importance of protecting and restoring water ecosystems, water scarcity and preventions. The Goal of the videos is to make sustainability interesting and accessible for all. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66p5VT3XwTk

Leanne Burney, Water and Sanitation expert with UN DESA discussed the challenges associated with SDG 6 and the reason why water accessibility can be so difficult.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCKsU4bPFOQ

USEFUL LINKS https://irelandsdg.geohive.ie/pages/goal6 https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6 https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/six-practical-ideas-toreach-sustainable-development-goal-six/ https://greenprojectmanagement.org/the-p5-standard

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SDG 7

Affordable & Clean Energy ENSURE ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND MODERN ENERGY FOR ALL Renewable energy solutions are becoming more affordable, dependable, and efficient by the day. Our current reliance on fossil fuels is unsustainable and harmful to the environment. We must change the way we produce and consume energy. Implementing these new energy solutions as soon as possible is critical to combating climate change, one of the most serious threats to our survival.

We are...

Tommaso Tesauro

Yuyao Sun

Laura Cope

Why this SDG is important?

Access to clean, modern, sustainable energy is critical for improving the health and livelihoods of billions of people around the world. There is growing evidence linking socioeconomic benefits with access to a reliable and affordable supply of electricity. A well-established energy system has extremely positive impact on our day-to-day life and sectors such as:

BUSINESSES

EDUCATION

MEDICINE

AGRICOLTURE

INFRASTRUCTURE & COMMUNICATION

HIGH-TECHNOLOGY

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SDG 7

GLOBAL PROBLEM WHAT IS THE GLOBAL PROBLEM? 13% of the global population, which accounts to 789 million people still lacks access to modern electricity.

3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating Energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 per cent of total global greenhouse gas emissions.

Indoor air pollution from using combustible fuels for household energy caused 4.3 million deaths in 2012, with women and girls accounting for 6 out of every 10 of these.

In 2016, the share of renewables increased at the fastest rate since 2012, up 0.24%, and reached almost 17.5% owing to rapid growth in hydropower, wind, and solar.

WHY THIS SDG MATTERS? For many decades, fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas have been major sources of electricity production, but burning carbon fuel produces large amounts of greenhouse gases which cause climate change and have harmful impacts on people’s life. This affects everyone, not just a few. Without a stable electricity supply, countries will not be able to power their economies.

SDG 7

TARGETS & INDICATORS In 2015, the UN decided to pursue 5 main targets in order to achieve SDG 7. The targets and indicators are outlined in the following table.

The targets and indicators are explained more in detail in the following link: https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/7-affordable-and-clean-energy/

SDG 7 What is currently being done

According to a study made of the university of Hong Kong, this is how the world countries are dealing with the SDG7 in 2020.

Many countries over the world are making efforts to achieve the SDG 7.

The World Bank Group (WBG) invested in all three areas of this goal, which are energy access, energy efficiency, and renewable energy. It provided support through a series of products, including the Global Tracking Framework (GTF), the State of Energy Access Report (SEAR), and the Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy (RISE).

WBG also paid attention to Africa by the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) and Scaling-Up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF).

In Europe, different countries are committed to building and developing different clean energy projects.

Denmark became the pioneer of building an artificial island to generate enough wind power for their country and the other parts of Europe. In Helsinki, they built the “Hot Heart” as a clean and sustainable energy solution. With Hot Heart, excess renewable energy will be converted to heat, stored in 10 seawater-filled basins and rerouted into the city’s heat distribution channels as demand dictates. The advantage of this project is that it can provide renewable thermal energy for urban heating without emitting carbon.

Not only Europe but Latin America also contribute to the SDG 7. Mainstream Renewable Power started one of the biggest renewable energy initiatives in Latin America: the Andes Renovables. It is a US$1.8billion project to build seven wind farms and three photovoltaic solar farms across the country, not only could support the electricity of Chile, but also can provide a big economic boost. In Mexico, using climate finance and Global Environmental Facility support, the Bank helped implement a program for replacing over 25 million inefficient light bulbs with CFLs, and almost two million old refrigerators with new, highly efficient ones, all targeted to low-income households.

SDG 7 Successes and Challenges SUCCESSES There are many successes to SDG 7. However, today, many people are dismissive of renewable energy, asking questions like, "what if the sun doesn't shine?" or "what if the wind isn't strong enough?". Fortunately, there are many solutions.

In many parts of the world, wind and solar energy are complementary. So when it isn't sunny, the wind blows and vice versa.

On top of this, storage energy is increasingly becoming cost-effective. For small-scale systems, we can use batteries, and for large-scale systems, we have off hydroelectric pump storage.

CHALLENGES However, despite many successes in SDG 7, many challenges must be overcome to ensure a smooth and speedy energy transition to achieve SDG 7 fully.

1. One of these challenges is that access to electricity is still being neglected.

- Despite the fact that more than 1 billion people still live without electricity, mostly in rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, meeting their needs has not been the focus of energy policy for many countries.

2. Another challenge facing the sustainable energy agenda is the access to clean fuels and technology.

- Although governments are facing increased population growth, they have managed to keep the number of people without access to clean fuels and technology steady. However, the lack of overall progress in reducing the number significantly affects the health and well-being of people across the region.

3. Another challenge facing the sustainable energy agenda is financing.

- Finance remains a key challenge in accelerating progress toward universal energy access. It is estimated that from $ 1 billion to 52 billion per year will be required globally, depending on the level or Tier of energy access governments aspire to in national electrification strategies. Financing solutions remain primarily reliant on grant funding and microlending, leaving investment levels lower than required to meet the needs.

SDG 7 Useful Links Data and Progress: https://www.seforall.org/ https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2019/05/22/tracking-sdg7-the-energyprogress-report https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/brief/sustainable-development-goal-on-energysdg7-and-the-world-bankgroup#:~:text=UN%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goal%20(SDG,and%20modern%20 energy%20for%20all. https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341203774_Hybrid_Renewable_Energy_Microgrid_ for_a_Residential_Community_A_TechnoEconomic_and_Environmental_Perspective_in_the_Context_of_the_SDG7

Overview on the SDG: https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/7-affordable-and-clean-energy/ https://sdgcompass.org/sdgs/sdg-7/ https://www.edie.net/new-report-details-how-businesses-can-help-achieve-sdg-7-clean-andaffordable-energy/ https://www.pmi.org/most-influential-projects-2021/top-10-by-industry/energy https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/brief/sustainable-development-goal-on-energysdg7-and-the-world-bank-group#:~:text=UN%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goal%20 https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/7-affordable-and-clean-energy/

SDG 8 - Decent work & economic growth SDG 8 is concerned with promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

We are...

Yingyun Wu

Tianhao Gao

Decent Work Abolition of non-decent work Limiting/Controlling unsafe working conditions

Economic Growth Stimulate the economy Not harming the environment or other significant economic problems

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 8 - Decent work & economic growth

Why we care about this SDG Poverty

1/5 countries live in poverty.

Inequality

Average working-age woman earned 40% less than her male counterpart.

The employment rate of people with disabilities at the EU level was 24.5 percentage points lower than those without disabilities.

Fatal Accidents

Pandemic

War/Conflicts

Growth stagnation

Unemployment

1000,000+ people die at work each year.

Hundreds of millions of workers worldwide suffer work-related accidents and occupational exposure to hazardous substances.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the worst economic crisis, severely damaging working hours and incomes.

The conflict in Ukraine is expected to be a severe setback to global economic growth in 2022.

Global tourism suffered a serious setback.

A reduction in global GDP of between 1.5% and 2.8%.

Long-term unemployment increased by 0.3 percentage points.

The employment rate of younger workforce(20-24) is 2.2 percentage points lower than in 2008.

Benefits

Improved living standards

Raised productivity

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Social cohesion

SDG 8 - Decent work & economic growth

Progress Insufficient Target likely to be reached only with significant public policy intervention 8.3 Labour informality in non-agricultural employment 8.5 Unemployment rate 8.8 Fatal occupational injuries

Figure: average hourly earnings of emplloyees, 2016

Figure: average hourly earnings of male and female emplloyees, 2016

Progress towards the target stalled Figure: unemployment rate,2021

8.1 Growth rate of GDP per capita 8.2 Growth rate of GDP per employed person 8.6 Youth not in education, employment or training

Figure: Annual growth of GDP per capita, 1961 to 2020 Figure: proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or training,2021

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022 Source: https://sdg.iisd.org/news/ilo-trends-report-finds-progress-insufficient-to-achieve-sdg-8/

SDG 8 - Decent work & economic growth

HOW CAN WE REACH THE GOAL 1. Implement international labour standards, including freedom of association, collective bargaining, and social dialogue Human and labor rights, freedom of association and collective bargaining and social dialogue are not only essential ingredients for sustainable economic growth but are the pillars of democracy-building. Building and fortifying democratic processes is in turn the cornerstone of just development.

2. Implement comprehensive employment policy frameworks, including support to labour market institutions The weakening of labour market institutions is one key cause of increasing inequality. Governments need to design and implement pro-employment macroeconomic strategies supported by progressive trade, industrial, tax and infrastructure policies, including investments in education and skills development, youth employment, equality and the care economy.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 8 - Decent work & economic growth

3. Apply minimum living wages with the full involvement of social partners Minimum wages should take into account the cost of living, should be evidence-based and regularly reviewed and adjusted (e.g., to take into account inflation). Collective bargaining rights must be ensured in order to achieve fair wages above the minimum wage level.

4. Implement a ‘Just Transition’ to achieve a low carbon economy and to create green jobs ‘Just Transition’ is premised on an inclusive approach that brings together workers, communities, employers and governments in social dialogue to drive the concrete plans, policies and investments needed for a fast and fair transformation towards a low carbon economy. It adopts a rights-based approach to build social protection systems, provide skills training, redeployment, labour market policies and community development. Governments must strengthen their capacity to deliver Just Transition measures.

Challenges • Working hours in the region has been lengthening.

• Technological change entails an enormous shift in production • A great challenge in relation to migration to prevent the expansion of child labour.

Opportunities • Harnessing the new technologies to generate quality jobs.

• Using spaces for social dialogue to address the challenges of the future of work.

• Household surveys offer an opportunity to measure child labour.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 9 - Industry, innovation & infrastructure SDG 9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Industry, innovation, and infrastructure are integral players in the drive towards a sustainable future. SDG 9 encompasses the complexities and the interconnectedness of sustainable development as a whole and provides the bedrock for success and progress in targets of the other SDGs.

We are...

Daragh Ryan

Zhenghao Wang

Why we care about this SDG Road Connectivity: Almost 300 million out of 520 million rural dwellers lack good access to roads in 25 countries. Transport infrastructure is a key element of SDG 9, in particular elements such as quality, congestion, affordability, and equitable access.

Problem-Solving through Innovation: Though innovation SDG 9 will also have a knock-on effect on the other 16 goals. This goal encourages and fosters innovation to solve world problems that exist today.

Internet and Technology: Unfortunately new technologies and the internet have not reached some developing countries in the world. There are still more than 4 billion people across the globe that do not have access to the internet.

Research and Development: SDG 9 also portrays the huge importance of investment in R&D. This can help solve crises such as COVID-19.

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SDG 9 - Industry, innovation & infrastructure Targets

Indicators

Develop sustainable, resilient and inclusive infrastructures

- Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road

Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization

- Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment

Increase access to financial services and markets

- Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added

Upgrade all industries and infrastructures for sustainability Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies

- CO2 emission per unit of value added

- Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP

Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for developing countries

- Total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure

Support domestic technology development and industrial diversification

- Proportion of medium and hightech industry value added in total value-added

Universal access to information and communications technology

- Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology

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SDG 9 - Industry, innovation & infrastructure The Impact of Covid-19 The pandemic has had a drastic effect on the current progress of SDG 9. Global manufacturing production plummeted as a result of the crisis, falling approximately 6.6% in 2020. With restrictions of movement in place, 2020 was a bad year for air travel demand. Air passengers dropped from 4.5 billion in 2019 to 1.8 billion in 2020, a 60% decline.

Other challenges Financing for small-scale industries is needed for their survival through the crisis.

Only35% have access to credit in developing countries in 2006 2008.

When compared to 2017, just $2.2 trillion was invested, down from $1.4 trillion in 2010. With an average annual growth rate of 8.1%, the number of investments has only expanded by 57% over the past seven years.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 9 - Industry, innovation & infrastructure How are we doing in Ireland?

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 9 - Industry, innovation & infrastructure Overview What is the role Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.

How much progress has been made Nearly all of the world's population (97 percent) live within range of a mobile cellular signal.

There has been an increase in worldwide investment in research and development as well as finance for economic infrastructure in developing nations. Unfortunately though, Covid-19 has slowed building and manufacturing in the last two years.

What is the cost of inaction The cost is high. Given the industry's function as a key driver of the global development agenda to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development, ending poverty would be more challenging. Furthermore, a lack of infrastructural development and support for technology innovation may result in subpar health care, insufficient sanitation, and restricted access to education.

What to do to help - Set guidelines and encourage laws to guarantee that business projects and activities are managed responsibly.

- NGOs and the public sector should work together to encourage sustainable growth in emerging nations.

- Utilize social media to urge politicians to give the SDGs top priority by considering how industry affects your life and wellbeing.

Useful links and resources United Nations - Goal 9 IISD - Why SDG 9 matters and how we can achieve it SDG Tracker - Goal 9 Government of Ireland - SDG 9 Progress Report Case Studies for SDG 9 UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 10 - Reduced inequality SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities

SDG 10 addresses inequalities within and among countries.

It calls for nations to reduce inequalities in income as well as those based on age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status within a country.

We are...

Ronan Docherty

Muchen Xu

Why we care about this SDG: Too much of the world’s wealth is held by a very small group of people.This often leads to financial and social discrimination. In order for nations to flourish, equality and prosperity must be available to everyone – regardless of gender, race, religious beliefs or economic status. When every individual is self-sufficient, the entire world prospers.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Types of Inequalities:

Key Events in Tackling Inequalities:

Montogomery Bus Boycott 1955

Philippines - Strengthening of Women + Youth Enterprises 2022

Mixed Progress: The average proportions of government spending going to education, health, and social protection, which it deems the three key anti-inequality sectors, have risen only marginally since the previous year.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

The international community has made great strides in lifting people out of poverty. The most vulnerable countries, including the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, continue to make progress in lifting themselves out of poverty.

However, inequalities persist, with large disparities in the distribution of health and education services and other productive assets.

Status in reducing inequalities Between 1990 and 2010, income inequality in developing countries rose by an average of 11%.

The vast majority of households in developing countries, now live in societies where income distribution is more unequal than it was in the 1990s.

Some countries have managed to curb or reduce income inequality while achieving high growth rates.

Children born in the poorest quintile are three times more likely to die before the age of five compared to those born in the richest quintile.

Global social security coverage has improved significantly, but people with disabilities are five times more likely to incur catastrophic health expenditures than the general population Despite the overall decline in maternal mortality in most developing countries, women in rural areas are still three times more likely to die in childbirth than urban women.

Challanges in reducing inequalities Inequality may undermine growth and poverty eradication, interpersonal relationships in the public and political spheres.

There is an inextricable link between inequality of outcome and inequality of opportunity Levels of inequality are generally high in their respective countries and have the potential to threaten long-term social and economic development COVID-19 has deepened existing inequalities https://in.one.un.org/page/sustainable-development-goals/sdg-10/

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Targets & Indicators Goal 10 calls for reducing inequalities in income as well as those based on age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status within a country. The Goal also addresses inequalities among countries, including those related to representation, migration and development assistance. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal10#:~:text=Goal%2010%20calls%20for%20reducing,represen tation%2C%20migration%20and%20development%20assistance.

https://globalgoalsproject.eu/blog/2019/09/17/sdg-10-reduced-inequalities-new-global-norm/

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What can we do?

We can and have a responsibility to achieve equality for all so that a life of dignity can be ensured. There is a need to harmonise political, economic and social policies and to focus on the needs of vulnerable and marginalised groups.

Both the world and the individual should make their best efforts to achieve this goal.

For countries It is important to empower and promote inclusive social and economic growth. If discriminatory laws, policies and practices are eliminated, then we can ensure equality of opportunity and reduce income inequality. Also, we need to ensure better representation of developing countries in decision-making on global issues.

For other stakeholders Governments and other stakeholders can also promote safe, regular and responsible migration through well-planned and wellmanaged policies for the millions of people who leave their homes in search of a better life because of war, discrimination, poverty, lack of opportunity and other motivations for migration.

For individuals We all have the same opportunities to reduce inequality. Firstly, we can tolerate and understand those around us who are different from ourselves. Secondly, we can do all we can to support policies that promote social and economic inclusion.

Meanwhile, we can join relevant campaigns to achieve SDG 10. https://www.un.org/zh/node/111478

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SDG 11 - Sustainable cities & communities SDG 11: Aim to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Creating career and business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways.

We are...

Ashutosh Modak

Li Zhu

Why we care about this SDG Over 90% of COVID19 cases are occurring in urban areas, with the 1 billion residents of the world’s densely populated slums being hit the hardest.

Even before the coronavirus, rapid urbanisation meant that 4 billion people – over half of the global population – in the world's cities faced worsening air pollution, inadequate infrastructure and services, and unplanned urban sprawl.

Inequality can lead to unrest and insecurity, pollution deteriorates everyone’s health and affects workers’ productivity and therefore the economy, and natural disasters have the potential to disrupt everyone’s lifestyles.

To accommodate everyone, we need to build modern, sustainable cities. For all of us to survive and prosper, we need new, intelligent urban planning that creates safe, affordable and resilient cities with green and culturally inspiring living conditions. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

10 Targets and 15 Indicators

https://knowsdgs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sdg/11

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Challenges The Impact of Covid-19 Health: In urban areas, it is easier to spread the virus, as both congestion and increased mobility have been named as some of the major contributors to the spread of epidemics through aerosols, droplets and fomites. COVID-19 causes more severe diseases in homeless individuals, and they are unable to obtain adequate sleep, keep social distance, or have safe water to drink, all of which contribute to their losing their employment and having no source of money, which is also the cause of their homelessness.

Economics: Cultural and natural heritage is an important economic driver, especially for developing countries. With a 98% fall in the number of international arrivals in 2020 compared to 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry and the cultural heritage sector have endured significant losses.

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11

Other interlinked SDG challenges The impact on health SDG 3, of city dwellers, as well as improve cities resilience to natural and climate change-induced disasters. And reducing the impact of communicable diseases and maternal and children mortality which can also be found under SDG 3.

An essential aspect of SDG11 is "affordability" so that vulnerable people are considered in urban planning. The emphasis on disadvantaged groups is reflected in SDG11 goals 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, and 11.7. It reinforces the need for "equity" to be mentioned and subconsciously considered in the development of SDG 11.​​SDG11 and SDG10 are inextricably linked.

SDG 11 interlinks with SDG 13 on climate action to protect environment.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Challenges

https://www.unep.org/fr/node/2037

What has been Achieved?

Countries have reported efforts to engage several partners including civil society, academia and private sector, in shaping policies and plans to implement the urban related SDGs. In some countries and for several targets, efforts are still at an early stage, and others are completely stalled. Many countries are still working on mechanisms and structures to ensure appropriate engagements and involvement of the various levels of governments. Several countries also expressed need for capacity building in areas ranging from statistics to policy-making, communication of findings, monitoring and policy reviews as immediate needs.

The 2022 Arcadis’ Sustainable cities edition investigates city sustainability from the standpoint of the citizen, assessing 100 worldwide cities on three pillars of the triple bottom line: people (social), planet (environmental), and profit (profitability) (economic).

The Norwegian city of Oslo leads the ranking, closely followed by various European cities. Tokyo, Seattle, and San Francisco were also named among the top 10 most environmentally friendly cities. The research warns cities against profits that result in exorbitant cost-of-living hikes.

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How to achieve?

Companies Invest in parks and green spaces to improve air quality and have a positive impact on employees Create frameworks towards a zero-emmision to reduce energy consumption Invest in the research,develop, and deploy products/services tha access to resilent buildings, transport, green spaces and utilities Protect and invest in cultural and natural heritage to provide subsistence for local communities but also contribute to education for vistors Provide access to essential services for employees, e.g. education, housing and healthcare

Individuals Develop participatory platforms so all voices can be heard, which is important to understand what residents need Respect and walk-in dedicated space for pedestrians Use public transport and/or bike Reduce and manage food waste

SDG 11: Ireland

https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-sdg11/irelandsunsdgs-goal11sustainablecitiesandcommunities2021/

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Overview of Ireland compared to EU: SDG11

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/sdg-country-overview/

Case Study: City of Pully, Switzerland

The goal of this case study is to demonstrate how the City of Pully (Switzerland) used the United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC) key performance indicators to identify the city's strengths, growth prospects, and issues.

This initiative supports multiple SDG 11 indicators, including SDG 11.3: "By 2030, improve inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participative, integrated, and sustainable human settlement planning and management." The major agency engaged was the Pully administration, in partnership with Swisscom and ITU. For more case studies visit: https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trade/wp6/documents/2018/Standards_for_SDGs/SDG11/SDG11_case_studies.pdf

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SDG 12 - Responsible consumption & production SDG 12 is about promoting resource and energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, and providing access to basic services, green and decent jobs and a better quality of life for all.

Source:https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/space4sdgs/sdg12.html

We are...

Neha Jadhav

Xinyi Cheng

Why we care about this SDG? Global consumption and production depend on the use of natural resources, so they need to be used in an efficient way.

Despite technological advances, energy use in OECD countries will continue to grow.

One third of all food produced in the world, some 1.3 billion tonnes a year, ends up as waste.

The food sector consumes around 30 % of the world's energy and is responsible for 22 % of total greenhouse gas emissions. https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/committed-sustainable-development-goals/sdg-12-responsible-consumption-and-production

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Benefits

Improving resource efficiency

Promoting poverty alleviation

alleviating inequalities

Source: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-consumption-production/

Targets and indicators The UN has defined 11 Targets and 13 Indicators for SDG 12. Targets specify the goals and Indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these Targets are achieved.

Source: https://knowsdgs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sdg/12

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Facts and Figures Water Humankind is polluting water in rivers and lakes faster than nature can recycle and purify.

More than 1 billion people still do not have access to fresh water.

Water use has been increasing worldwide by about 1per cent per year since the 1980s.

Energy If people worldwide switched to energy efficient lightbulbs, the world would save US$120 billion annually.

Households consume 29 per cent of global energy and consequently contribute to 21 per cent of resultant CO2 emissions.

The global population without access to electricity fell from 1.2 billion in 2010 to 840 million in 2017.

Food Each year, an estimated 1/3 of all food produced – equivalent to 1.3 billion tons worth around $1 trillion – ends up rotting in the bins of consumers and retailers, or spoiling due to poor transportation and harvesting practices Land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, overfishing and marine environment degradation are all lessening the ability of the natural resource base to supply food.

Solution to Challenges

Source: https://wedocs.unep.org/

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Action Area

Dealing with waste (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

Sustainable production and consumption

Conscious consumption

Source: https://stairwaytosdg.eu/en/sdgs/12-responsible-consumption-and-production

SDG Overview in Ireland as compared to EU

Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/sdg-country-overview/

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Case Studies

Hexafly Ireland

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc9gbSuY2Kw

Abroad The Littery Riga, Latvia

The Littery provides cost-effective municipal waste collection solutions. To solve this, The Littery has created a lottery reward technology based on IoT and Computer Vision to incentivize people to sort their waste and recycle. The Littery benefits cities by reducing CO2 emissions by 80-90%, saving on litter bin maintenance, and ensuring cleaner spaces.

Mittemitte Berlin, Germany

Mitte provides smart water systems that purify as well as enhance water, delivering healthy water straight to the home. Their solutions lower plastic consumption, carbon footprints, and water waste.

Watts Battery Moscow, Russia

Watts Battery provides a smart and portable energy storage solution with the same functionalities as a large system.

The battery allows the storage of solar energy and can be used to power anything. It can also function as an alternative to gasoline-driven generators and for energy management.

Source: https://www.valuer.ai/blog/aligning-business-with-sdg-12-by-collaborating-with-startups

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Sustainability Report 2022: Goal 12

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRS5W7BYKFc

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SDG 13 - Climate action Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impact.

We are...

Pranav Upendra

Su Hongru

Why we care about this SDG This is the only planet we got!

We are all affected no matter where we are in the world

We are responsible for our future generations well being

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Facts and figures

The global average temperature has risen by 0.74°C

The glaciers have thinned by over 10m

Global sea levels are expected to rise between 20-90 cms

The ocean acidification has increased by about 30%

1 million species are at the risk of extinction

TARGETS Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

INDICATORS

Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population

Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies

Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

Number of countries with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans and adaptation communications, as reported to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Total greenhouse gas emissions per year

Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning

Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible

Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities

Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment

Amounts provided and mobilized in United States dollars per year in relation to the continued existing collective mobilization goal of the $100 billion commitment through to 2025

Number of least developed countries and small island developing States with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans and adaptation communications, as reported to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

SDG 13 - Climate action What has been done in combating climate change The Paris Agreement was adopted by all 196 Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at COP21 in Paris on 12 December 2015. In the agreement, all countries agreed to work to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius, and given the grave risks, to strive for 1.5 degrees Celsius. Implementation of the Paris Agreement is essential for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, and provides a roadmap for climate actions that will reduce emissions and build climate resilience.

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convened a special “HighLevel Event on Entry into Force of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change” on 21 September at the UN Headquarters in New York, to provide an opportunity to other countries to publicly commit to joining the Paris Agreement before the end of 2016.

The 22nd session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 22) to the UNFCCC took place in Marrakesh, Morocco. During COP 22, parties began preparations for the entry into force of the Paris Agreement, and to encourage actions to implement the agreement that will address climate change.

The 2017 UN Climate Conference took place in Bonn, Germany, from 6-18 November. Leaders of national governments, cities, states, business, investors, NGOs and civil society gathered to speed up climate action to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.

At the end of COP24, countries stressed “the urgency of enhanced ambition in order to ensure the highest possible mitigation and adaptation efforts by all Parties,” and agreed on a set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement.

Limiting global warming to 1.5ºC would require rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said in their Climate Report 2018. With clear benefits to people and natural ecosystems, limiting global warming to 1.5ºC compared to 2ºC could go hand in hand with ensuring a more sustainable and equitable society.

SDG 13 - Climate action

COVID-19 Response As countries move toward rebuilding their economies after COVID-19, recovery plans can shape the 21st century economy in ways that are clean, green, healthy, safe and more resilient. The current crisis is an opportunity for a profound, systemic shift to a more sustainable economy that works for both people and the planet.

The UN Secretary-General has proposed six climate-positive actions for governments to take once they go about building back their economies and societies:

Green transition: Investments must accelerate the decarbonization of all aspects of our economy.

Green jobs and sustainable and inclusive growth Green economy: making societies and people more resilient through a transition that is fair to all and leaves no one behind.

Invest in sustainable solutions: fossil fuel subsidies must end and polluters must pay for their pollution.

Confront all climate risks Cooperation – no country can succeed alone.

To address the climate emergency, post-pandemic recovery plans need to trigger longterm systemic shifts that will change the trajectory of CO2 levels in the atmosphere.

Governments around the world have spent considerable time and effort in recent years to develop plans to chart a safer and more sustainable future for their citizens. Taking these on board now as part of recovery planning can help the world build back better from the current crisis.

Challenges faced in executing substantial development goal 13

What we can do towards SDG 13 Find a Goal 13 charity you want to support. Any donation, big or small, can make a difference!

Compost. Composting food scraps can reduce climate impact while also recycling nutrients.

Recycle paper, glass, plastic, metal and old electronics.

Choose reusable products. Use an ecobag for shopping and a reusable water bottle or a cup to reduce your plastic waste.

Buy eco-friendly products. Read the packaging to see if products are produced in an eco-friendly way.

Bike, walk or take public transport. Save the car trips for when you’ve got a big group.

Consume less meat and become vegetarian for one day a week. The meat production industry has a huge impact on the environment.

Reduce your use of paper. Avoid printing and substitute it with electronic devices or carriers. Don’t shop for pets! Visit your local animal shelter and adopt an animal there.

Offset your carbon emissions. You can calculate your carbon footprint and purchase climate credits from Climate Neutral Now.

Improvements to energy efficiency and vehicle fuel economy, increases in wind and solar power, biofuels from organic waste, setting a price on carbon, and protecting forests

CONCLUSION Climate change is a real and undeniable threat to our entire civilization.The effects are already visible and will be catastrophic unless we act now. Through education, innovation and adherence to our climate commitments, we can make the necessary changes to protect the planet.

These changes also provide huge opportunities to modernize our infrastructure which will create new jobs and promote greater prosperity across the globe.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 14 - Life below water Sustainable development goal (SDG) 14 aims to “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. This goal is mainly focused on maintaining the quality of life that the oceans have provided to humankind, while sustaining the integrity of their ecosystems, and in order to achieve the same, a change will be required in how humans view, manage and use oceans, seas and marine resources.

https://sdgs.un.org/topic s/oceans-and-seas

We are...

Anju Rajbangshi

Ishaan Gupta

Why we care about this SDG

Source of key natural resources: Oceans, seas and coastal areas form an integrated and essential component of the Earth’s ecosystem and are critical to sustainable development as they provide key natural resources including food, medicines, biofuels and other products.

Help poverty eradication: Oceans cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface and contain 97% of the planet’s water and can contribute to poverty eradication by creating sustainable livelihoods and decent work. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal resources for their livelihoods. Throughout history, oceans and seas have been vital conduits for trade and transportation.

Plays an active role in human health: Oceans are crucial for global food security and are the primary regulator of the global climate, an important sink for greenhouse gases and they provide us with water and the oxygen we breathe. It's also a great place for tourism and recreation.

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What makes SDG 14 an important goal

https://www1.undp.org/content/singapore-global-centre/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14life-below-water.html?

The video below highlights some of the key challenges behind the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 14 https://www. youtube.com /watch? v=u75w751u zoQ

The below link provides an example of a project to achieve the SDG 14 https://undp.medium.com/improving-thehealth-of-southeast-asias-largest-lake29b71e45e20c

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal14

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Targets and Indicators The UN has defined 10 Targets and 10 Indicators for SDG 14. Targets specify the goals and Indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these Targets are achieved.

Detailed description of the targets and the indicators can be found in the below link https://knowsdgs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sdg/14

SDG Report 2021 https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2021/goal-14/ The link above gives the current update of the SDG 14 like funding information and it's related projects.

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Current Situation Continuing ocean acidification

https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/goal-14/

Not only is the ocean is the world's largest carbon sink, absorbing about 23 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions generated by humans. It's also helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, the CO2 that's absorbed by the ocean has caused it to become more acidic. This has led to a 26 percent drop in the pH levels of seawater since pre-industrial times.

Ocean acidification can threaten the health of marine life, including coral reefs and important species that are part of the food chain. It can also affect various marine ecosystem services, such as tourism and fisheries. The reduction in the ocean's pH levels can also prevent it from absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere.

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Biodiversity Protection and Littering

https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/goal-14/

The number of marine protected areas has increased significantly over the years. From 2000 to 2019, the global mean percentage of these areas has increased from 30.5 to 44.8 percent. However, despite this, many of these areas are still not fully covered. The countries with the lowest levels of protection are still lagging behind, with the small island developing States and the least developed countries respectively having a 23.7 and 25.4 percent.

https://sdg-tracker.org

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Importance The SDG14 goals aim to protect the ocean's diverse ecosystems and ensure its continued role as a vital part of the global carbon sink. These goals support the economies and livelihoods of people who rely on the ocean. According to a report released by the World Wildlife Fund, progress is being made on some of the goals related to the ocean's conservation. However, it noted that the lack of accurate monitoring and timely reporting is still a major concern that needs to be resolved in order to achieve the goals.

The goal of SDG14 is also linked to other sustainable development goals such as those related to climate change and poverty. Around 38% of the 169 targets that are part of the Sustainable Development Agenda are only achievable when the SDG14 targets are met. Despite the importance that marine environment has in reaching and advancing the 2030 goals, bureaucracy and finance remain insufficient https://www.wwf.eu/?360550/Failing-SDG14-EU-on-a-cliff-edge-for-ensuring-a-sustainable-ocean

https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22749/14_Life%20below%20waterFINAL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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SDG 15 - Life on land SDG 15 seeks to protect, restore and promote the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial, inland water and mountain ecosystems. This includes efforts and financial resources to sustainably manage forests and halt deforestation, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, halt biodiversity loss and protect threatened species.

We are...

Nehal Patodi

Abhishek Jha

Why we care about this SDG? A flourishing life on land is the foundation for our life on this planet. We are all part of the planet’s ecosystem and we have caused severe damage to it through deforestation, loss of natural habitats and land degradation. Promoting a sustainable use of our ecosystems and preserving biodiversity is not a cause. It is the key to our own survival.

Goal 15 focuses specifically on managing forests sustainably, halting and reversing land and natural habitat degradation, successfully combating desertification and stopping biodiversity loss.

While all the SDGs are important in themselves and for the achievement of the others, biodiversity is clearly the linchpin between all of them. Essentially, without biodiversity, we would not exist, let alone develop.

The link (https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Visualisation%20of%20interlinkages%20for %20SDG%2015.pdf) shows Interrelations between SDG15 (Life on Land) and other SDGs UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

The analysis of the interlinkages between the SDG 15 and the rest of the Sustainable Development Goals have underlined the importance of terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity that underpin the wellbeing of the human society. Another side of the described interlinkages relates to the increasing pressures from unsustainable consumption and production practices, conflicting use of natural resources for food and energy, and contamination with hazardous chemicals calling for urgent and integrated action throughout all the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

For example, large scale palm oil plantations for ‘renewable’ energy have contributed to critical and irreversible damage to systems and indigenous forest cover in this region. Protection and restoration of water-related ecosystem, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes (target 6.6) and the promotion of recycle and reuse of wastewater (target 6.3) is crucial to protect our ecosystems.

Why Life on Land Matters?

https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2021-07/SDG_report_2021_Goal%2015.png

https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/E_infographics_15.pdf

Targets and Indicators Targets

Indicators

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

Forest area as a proportion of total land area Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type

15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

Progress towards sustainable forest management

15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development

Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity Mountain Green Cover Index

15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

Red List Index

15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed

Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits

15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked

15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species

Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts

Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020

15.A Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems

Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems

15.B Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation

Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems

15.C Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities

Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/15-life-on-land/ https://medium.com/sdg-counting/sdg-15-indicators-9450fe6f9e35

What has been achieved?

Ireland Monitoring SDG 15 in an EU context focuses on progress made in improving the status of ecosystems, in decelerating land degradation and in preserving biodiversity and comparing it with Republic of Ireland.

Ireland is not making as much progress when compared to EU for terrestial protected areas

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/life-on-land

Ireland is at par with EU Soil sealing index

Ireland has high level of BOD,which is indicative of high pollution in the river as the dissolved oxygen available in the water is being used by the bacterias, and this result in less oxygen available to fish and other aquatic beings.

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/sdg-country-overview/

As we see here for SDG 15 in the (upper) yellow quadrant, shows that the status is above the EU average but the our country is moving away from the SDG.

Solutions to the Challenges DG 15 also calls for sharing the benefits from the utilisation of genetic resource and promoting access to such resources as well as reducing the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems. Integration of ecosystem and biodiversity values into planning processes and poverty reduction strategies and international cooperation for combating poaching and trafficking of protected species are also seen as a priority for protecting life on land.

https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22750/15_Life%20on%20land_FINAL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

SDG 16 - Peace & justice strong institutions Quick description of your SDG Addresses the need for major intervention to: Promote peace Inclusive institutions Contribute to the other Sustainable Development Goals.

Areas of improvement include: Reducing lethal violence Reducing civilian deaths in conflicts Eliminating human trafficking

We are...

Jayesh

Jamie

Introduction - SDG Wedding Cake SDG Wedding Cake: The SDGs are interconnected and dependent on each other.

The Stockholm Resilience Centre recommended organising them into three layers like a wedding cake.

As you can see SGD 16 is grouped in the middle layer, along with No Poverty, Quality Education and others.

The SDGs are grouped together to make up the rings, and the rings come together to make the cake.

Stockholm Resilience Centre - SDG Wedding Cake

If one SDG fails, it weakens the ring's integrity, and if a supporting ring is compromised, you risk collapse.

This model can help people visualise the importance of each SDG and highlight that a sustainable economy depends on a sustainable society and a sustainable society depends on a sustainable biosphere.

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Why SDG 16 is Important

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

SDG 16 - Targets & Indicators Targets

Indicators

16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

Number of intentional homicide victims per 100,000 Conflictrelated deaths per 100,000 population Proportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live after dark

16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children

Proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population Proportion of young women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18

16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all

Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population Proportion of the population who have experienced a dispute in the past two years and who accessed dispute mechanism

16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime

Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows Proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments

16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms

Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months

16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar) Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services

16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels

Proportions of positions in national and local institutions, including (a) the legislatures; (b) the public service; and (c) the judiciary, compared to national distributions, by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group

16.8 Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance

Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations

16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration

Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age

16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements

Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information

16.A Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime

Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles

16.B Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development

Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law

SDG 16 - Progress made Parliaments and their leaders have become younger and more gender-diverse in the past five years. Youth representation (aged 45 or below) stood at 28.1% in 2018, climbed to 31.1% in 2021, and then dropped to 30.2%% in 2022. The proportion of women Speakers rose gradually from 17.3% in 2018 to 22% in 2022. Yet it continues to be below the global average of women in parliament (26.1%). The proportion of women committee chairs fell from 26.8% in 2021 to 26.2% in 2022. Male parliamentarians aged 46 and above continue to dominate leadership positions in parliament, holding 71.8% of Speaker posts and 60.5% of committee chairs.

By providing all children with proof of legal identity from day one, their rights can be protected and universal access to justice and social services can be enabled. Yet the births of around 1 in 4 children under age 5 worldwide today have never been officially recorded based on data for 2012-2021. Only half of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa have had their births registered.

Access to information (ATI) laws have been adopted by 135 countries as of 2021, with at least 30 adopting such guarantees since 2015. However, implementation of these guarantees could be improved. Out of 91 countries and territories with ATI laws, only 44% had data in 2020 on the number of requests for information received, indicating some difficulties faced by public bodies to treat and follow up ATI requests during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Progress in establishing or strengthening national human rights institutions (NHRIs) decelerated in 2021. On average, four new NHRIs applied for accreditation every year for the period 2015-2017 compared to only one new application for NHRI accreditation per year for the period 2018-2021. Only 43% of countries currently benefit from independent NHRIs.

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/29858SG_SDG_Progress_Report_202 2.pdf

Ireland's statistics with respect to SDG 16

Ireland's statistics with respect to SDG 16

SDG 16- Useful Links

https://sdgs.un.org/events/mainstreaming-sdg-16-vnrs-and-national-developmentplanning-33321 https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-currently-at-war

SDG 17 - Partnerships to achieve the Goal Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Strong Partnership and Cooperation between all Countries Support Developing Countries Share one Vision: Placing People and Planet in the Center An Introduction to SDG 17: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNA-85BrPjE

We are...

Max

Sankalp

Why we care about this SDG? Essential for all other goals Essential for all other goals

Collaboration elevates everyone

Effects everyone of us

Partnerships creates Innovation

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SDG 17 - Sub-targets SDG 17 is divided in 5 different groups with 19 sub-targets

Finance

Trade

Technology Systematic Issues

Capacity Building Learn More about the Sub-targets… https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/17-partnerships-for-the-goals/

Developments

Stay updated with the most recent Developments: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2021/The-SustainableDevelopment-Goals-Report-2021.pdf

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SDG 17 - Facts, Indicators, and Recent Developments (What progress have we made)

Net Official Development Assistance flows by member countries of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development totaled $147.4 billion in 2019.

79 per cent of imports from developing countries enter developed countries duty-free The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue Trade, foreign direct investment and remittances all projected to decline by up to 40 per cent in 2020.

Almost half of the world’s population is not connected to the internet, particularly in poor countries.

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SDG 17 - COVID-19 Implications on the goal

How much progress have we made?

Support for implementing the SDGs has been steady but fragile, with major and persistent challenges. Financial resources remain scarce, trade tensions have been increasing, and crucial data are still lacking. The COVID-19 pandemic is now threatening past achievements, with trade, foreign direct investment and remittances all projected to decline by up to 40% in 2020. A growing share of the global population has access to the Internet, and a Technology Bank for Least Developed Countries has been established, yet the digital divide persists

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SDG 17 - What can we do?

What can we do to help?

Join/create a group in your local community that seeks to mobilize action on implementing the SDGs. Encourage your governments to partner with businesses for the implementation of the SDGs. Register your initiatives on the SDGs Partnerships Platform to inform, educate, network, and be inspired!

How can we ensure the resources needed are effectively mobilized and monitored? This will be primarily the responsibility of countries. Reviews of progress will need to be undertaken regularly in each country, involving civil society, business, and representatives of various interest groups. At the regional level, countries will share experiences and tackle common issues, while on an annual basis, at the United Nations, the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), will take stock of progress at the global level, identifying gaps and emerging issues, and recommending corrective action.

As partners, what would we need to do to achieve the Agenda? We will need to mobilize both existing and additional resources— technology development, financial resources, capacity building— and developed countries will need to fulfill their official development assistance commitments.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Next Steps This SDG Progress Report is a continuous work in progress - a way for the students each year to update and revisit SDG progress, resources and opportunities.

We hope it is useful to you - please do pass it along to anyone else who might benefit from the material within.

UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022

Acknowledgements The students mentioned at the start of each section in this report have created this up to date, curated set of SDG resources which will hopefully be useful to others coming to grips with the challenges and opportunities of these huge issues...

We thank you for your continued support in our efforts to contribute to the SDGs.

Contact Asst Prof. Joe Houghton UCD Smurfit Graduate School of Business, Dublin, Ireland www.smurfitschool.ie | joe.houghton@ucd.ie | @UCDSMURFIT UCD Smurfit MSc in PM : SDG Progress Report 2022