Building Services Project 1 by Joanna Qiu

Building Services (BLD61904)

High-Rise Building at Taylor’s

Project 01

G r o u p M e m b e r s

A m a n c e B r e u v a r t 0 3 5 6 5 0 8

C h a n g Y e e S i n 0 3 3 9 8 4 9

C h o o J i a Q i 0 3 4 0 2 7 6

F a v o r i e K w a n E e Y a n 0 3 3 9 0 8 9

Q i u M e i H u i 0 3 4 1 4 4 1

T u t o r e d b y : M r . M o h d A d i b R a m l i

Content.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

i. Project Overview

ii. Initial Project Planning

High-Rise Building at Taylor’s 02

iii. Orthographic Drawings of Building

03

A I R C O N D I T I O N I N G S Y S T E M

i. Introduction

ii. Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview

iii. Components & Justifications

iv. Horizontal Planning

M E C H A N I C A L V E N T I L A T I O N S Y S T E M

i. Introduction

ii. Mechanical ventilated air circulation by space type

iii. Components of the mechanical ventilation system & Justifications

iv. Horizontal Planning: Mechanical ventilated by floors

v. Smoke Spill System

vi. Pressurization System

04

F I R E P R O T E C T I O N S Y S T E M

Passive Fire Protection

i. Fire Safety Planning

ii. Proposed Group

iii. Vertical Planning: Means of Escapes Ove

iv. Horizontal Planning: Means of Escapes Floor type v. Vertical Planning: Fire Spread Prevention

vi. Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention by floor type

vii. Vertical Planning: Means of Escapes Overview

Active Fire Protection

i. Introduction

ii. Vertical planning: Water-based extinguishment circulation overview

iii. Horizontal planning: Immediate response features by floor type

iv. Horizontal planning: Auto extinguishment features by floor type

High-Rise Building at Taylor’s

05 MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

i. Introduction

ii. Building Occupancy: Space Usage by Floors & Time of Day

iii. Vertical Circulation Needs: User Journey & Lift

Configuration

iv. Lift Design: Lift Car & Lift Lobby

v. Horizontal Circulation Needs: User Interaction by Floors

vi. Fire Safety Design Considerations: Compliance to Building Code & Emergency Situations

06 REFERENCES

i. Air-conditioning system

ii. Mechanical Ventilation System

iii. Fire Protection System

iv. Mechanical Transportation System

Content.

Project Brief

Project 1 concerns on students understanding of the application different building services systems in high-rise building. It is a group assignment with individual parts that each one of the members have to choose one services system(i. mechanical ventilation system ii. air-conditioning system iii. active fire protection system iv. passive fire protection system v. mechanical transportation system ) and together, we conduct precedent studies on buildings with similar type, height, use, etc. to understand the related building services systems used. Taking Block E as reference in terms of the plinth area and envelope design.

The year is 2030. Following the most harrowing world-wide health crisis in a century, there is a surge in the number of students who enrolled into the various programmes at Taylor’s University. To cater for the incredibly high number of students, the management of the University have decided to build a high-rise building which consists of basement parking, classrooms and students’ accommodation, complete with the building’s own central air-conditioning system, active and passive fire-protection system, mechanical ventilation system and mechanical transportation system. However, due to other expansion plans of the University there is only limited land area to site the new building. Additionally, the management requires the new building to resemble the existing academic blocks, hence minimal architectural design activities are required. The high-rise building will be located next to Block E, occupying a portion of the existing open car park, with the same plinth area as Block E.

As an aspiring architect you have been commissioned to work on this project. But since the design would resemble the existing blocks, the management is more interested to see your proposed solutions for the services systems stated above rather than the architectural design as the priority is on the staffs’ and student’s safety and convenience. Therefore, you need to come up with a proposal of a creative and workable scheme of services systems to impress the management of the University.

Servces Room Hoste (student accommodation) Lecture Hals & Classrooms Shop Units Car Park (including 3 basement foors below LG) 1 floor 7 floors 12 foors 1 floor 5 foors Introduction Initial Project Planning Figure: Taylor's Block E Floor Plan Roof HOSTEL LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS SHOPLOTS CAR PARK SERVICES ROOM L20 L1 GL LG B1 B2 B3 L13 L14 Taylor's University PROPOSED BUILDING

Site Plan

orthographic drawings

TAYLOR'S

The new high-rise building extension is oriented in a way that the west façade faces the lake while the east façade faces the main road.

The adjacent lake naturally cools the surroundings. Not only that, since the wind blows strongest from the west, the cooled air can be enter through the opening at the west-east opening and facilitate natural cross ventilation.

UNIVERSITY

BLOCK D&E

P R O P O S E D B U I L D I N G

D C B A 2 3 E 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 E

TO PARKING DROP OFF POINT Scale 1:450

Subang Jaya Wind Rose Diagram

F RE STA RCASE MOTOR ROOM AC COOL NG TOWER DOMESTIC WATER TANK BACK UP WATER TANK ACT VE F RE PRODUCT ON WATER STORAGE TANK AC MAKE UP TANK AC PLANT ROOM MOTOR ROOM Scale 1:250 Roof Level Services Room

Hostel Adminstrative

Level 14

Scale 1:250

Ground Floor Level Carpark

Lower Ground Level Car Park

Scale 1:250

Basement Level 1

Carpark

Scale 1:250

Basement Level 2

Carpark

Scale 1:250

Basement Level 3

Carpark

Scale 1:250

North Elevation Scale 1:350 East Elevation Scale 1:350

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Introduction

Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview Components & Justifications. Horitontal Planning

Air Conditioning System

Introduction.

Air conditioning refers to the control of temperature, humidity, air cleanliness and air movement & heat radiation with mechanical means, to achieve human thermal comfort

Functions create air movement

To control indoor air temprature remove excess humidity Improve air quality

Proposed System & Components

Both Exhaust systems and Supply systems are implemented in two different ways in this project

Centralized air conditioning system

Air conditionning remove heat from the air inside the room and releasing this collected heat into the air outdoors.

Refrigerant cycle

Two cycles involved: Air cycle

Throughout the rooms, Airflow is distributed by:

How it works? Terminal devices Diffusers

It is a system in which air is cooled at a central location and distributed to and from rooms by one or more fans and ductwork. Usually used for larger and complex buildings such as shopping malls, hospitals , hotels, office towers, airports and etc. The main components of this system are the refrigeration plant, air handling unit (AHU) and the cooling tower. Refrigerants are cooled in the plant room and distributed to the AHU located in different zones. The cooled air is then supplied from the AHU to the rooms in the same zone via the ductworks

Split air conditioning system

A split air conditioner consists of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit. The outdoor unit is installed on or near the exterior wall of the room that you wish to cool. It is one of the most widely used types of air conditioners The major reasons behind the popularity of split air conditioners are their silent operation and elegant looks

(1) Where permanent mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning is intended, the relevant building bylaws relating to natural ventilation, natural lighting and heights of rooms may be waived at the discretion of the local authority

(2) Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered if in addition to the permanent air-conditioning system there is provided alternative approved means of ventilating the airconditioned enclosure, such that within half an hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less than the stipulated volume of fresh air specified hereinafter shall be introduced into the enclosure during the period when the air-conditioning system is not functioning.

(3) The provisions of Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings which are mechanically ventilated or air-conditioned.

(4) Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Third Schedule to these By-laws, the provisions of these By-laws relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such lavatory, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors

[Laws & regulation] UBBL By-Law 41. Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning.

01 02

Air condicationing System System

Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Long Section Diagram

MAIN SERVICES ROOM HOSTEL ADMINISTRATION LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS

SHOPLOTS CAR PARK HOSTEL AHU system Split unit system Refrigeration plant Cooling Towert Rise pipes

Air Conditioning System

Components of the ventilation system

Considerations for elements for Space Type

Table 1: Supply components

Photo

/ Symbol Name Localisation Function /Justification

Water-cool chiller

Condenser & Evaporator Plant Room

Chiller water pump Cooling water pump Plant Room

Cooling tower Roof

Make up water tank Roof

Switchboard Plant Room

Air Handling unit AHU room

Split AC outdoor unit (condenser) Balcony

Justification localisation of the plant room on the roof :

- space saving

- savings in piping from the cooling tower to the refrigerant plant

- excellent ventilation

Condenser/Evaporator system to reject the heat from the chiller

To transfer water from AHUs to chillers or from cooling towers to chillers

Heat removal device to transfer heat from the chiller to the atmosphere

The cooling tower needs to be connected to a water tank to replace the water lost by evaporation

Board to control the chiller plant

For heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying, filtering and distributing air

Recycling some of the return air from the room

Compressor, condenser, expansion valve system to remove heat from the split unit system

Justification localisation of the cooling tower on the roof :

- space saving

- unsightly outlook can be reduced

- excellent ventilation

Air

Supply air diffuser air-conditioned room (AHU)

/ Symbol Name Localisation Function /Justification

Photo

Photo / Symbol Name Localisation Function /Justification Cooling water pipe Return / Supply Roof Transfert water from cooling tower to chiller Chilled water pipe Return / Supply Roof / False ceiling AHU levels Transfert water from chiller to AHU Make up tank water supply Roof Transfert water from tank water to cooling tower

To diffuse the air from AHU in the air-conditioned room Return air gille air-conditioned room (AHU) To allow the air to return to the AHU Split AC indoor unit (evaporator) air-conditioned room (split-unit) Produces the cooling effect inside the room thanks in particular to an evaporator and a blower fan

Conditioning System

the ventilation system

Components of

Considerations for elements for Space Type

connection components

Table 2 Diffusion components Table 3 : Horizontal

Air

Conditioned

Photo / Symbol Name Localisation Function /Justification

air supply

levels

air

air duct

supply duct

unit refrigerant pipe

Fals ceiling AHU

Transfert conditioned

from AHU to air-conditioned room diffuser Return

False ceiling AHU levels Transfert air from air-conditioned room grille to AHU Fresh air

AHU room Provide fresh air to AHU Split

False ceiling splitunit room Transfert refrigerant liquid from split outdoor unit to inside unit. Remove condensation

Components of the ventilation system Considerations for elements for Space Type Table 3 : Horizontal connection components Table 4 : Vertical connection components Photo / Symbol Name Localisation Function /Justification

water riser pipe Return / Supply From L1 to Roof

water from chiller to AHU

Conditioning System

Chilled

Transfert

Air Conditioning System

- LG Basement Carpark No air conditioning system

Air Conditioning System

GL Basement Carpark

No air conditioning system

LENGEND SPACE LENGEND SPACE Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Air handling unit Supply air diffuser LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components Horizontal Connection Components Riser Shift Chilled water riser pipe supply return Horizontal Connection Components Chilled water pipe from plant room supply return Return air duct Fresh air supply duct Return air grille Conditioned air supply pipe from AHU AHU system

LENGEND SPACE Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Air handling unit Supply air diffuser LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components Horizontal Connection Components Riser Shift Chilled water riser pipe supply return Horizontal Connection Components supply return Return air duct Fresh air supply duct Return air grille Chilled water pipe from plant room Conditioned air supply pipe from AHU AHU system

Air Conditioning System Hostel Administrative L14 LENGEND SPACE Horizontal Connection Components Riser Shift Chilled water riser pipe supply return LENGEND SPACE Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Air handling unit Supply air diffuser LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components Horizontal Connection Components supply return Conditioned air supply pipe from AHU Return air duct Fresh air supply duct Return air grille Chilled water pipe from plant room AHU system

TW N ROOM SINGLE ROOM BALCONY BALCONY F RE STA RCASE LIFT LOBBY REFUSE M&E TW N ROOM BALCONY F RE STA RCASE REFUSE M&E S NGLE ROOM BALCONY SEAT NG AREA SEATING AREA MALE RES DENT AL UN T FEMALE RESIDENT AL UN T LENGEND SPACE Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Split AC outdoor unit (condenser) LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components Horizontal Connection Components Riser Shift Chilled water riser pipe supply return Horizontal Connection Components Split AC indoor unit (evaporator) Split unit refrigerant pipe Split unit system

AC COOL NG TOWER DOMESTIC WATER TANK BACK UP WATER TANK ACT VE FIRE PRODUCT ON WATER STORAGE TANK AC MAKE UP TANK AC PLANT ROOM MOTOR ROOM Air Conditioning System Roof Level Cold water pipe LENGEND SPACE Horizontal Connection Components LENGEND SPACE Riser Shift Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Cooling Tower Make up water tank LENGEND SPACE Cooling tower water pump Switchboard Chiller water pump Horizontal Connection Components Water-cooled chiller Condenser Evaporator Chil ed water pipe Make up tank water supply pipe Chilled water riser pipe supply return supply return supply return Refrigeration plant room

FIRE STAIRCASE MOTOR ROOM

Mechanical Ventilation System

i Introduction

ii. Mechanical ventilated air circulation by space type

iii. Components of the mechanical ventilation system & Justifications.

iv. Horizontal Planning: Mechanical ventilated by floors

v. Smoke Spill System

vi. Pressurization System

Mechanical Ventilation System

Introduction.

Mechanical ventilation refers to the exchange of air by extracting stale air or supplying fresh air into rooms in a house or building by mechanically powered equipment

Functions filters odors & contaminants via dilution

To control indoor air quality remove excess humidity Replacement with outside air

In mechanical ventilation, Fans Ductwork

Throughout the building, Airflow is distributed by: Throughout the rooms, Airflow is distributed by:

How it works? Terminal devices Diffusers

Proposed System & Components

Both Exhaust systems and Supply systems are implemented in this project.

The Exhaust Ventilation system used to extract out the stale air from the building The Supply Ventilation system used to supplement fresh air into the building Smoke Spill System to release smoke generated during the fire Staircase & Lift Lobby Pressurization System to control & suppress the movement of smoke during the fire at enclosed spaces

[Laws & regulation] UBBL By-Law 41. Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning.

(3) The provisions of Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings which are mechanically ventilated or air-conditioned.

01 02 03 04

Mechanical Ventilation System

circulation

space

SPACE'S FLOOR LEVEL B3 - LG B3

Air

type LENGEND

G -L20 L1 L1-L20 L1-L14 L14

Mechanical Ventilation System

Components of the ventilation system

Considerations for elements for Space Type

Justification of Mechanical Fans

Elements

Functions

Installation

Allows high airflow & low pressure capabilities, provide better air quality to the space.

Installed in the carpark, provides optimum circulation to remove stale air & pollutants and maintain good air conditions of the space

To remove stale indoor air from enclosed space

Installed in the lift motor room, utilised without the need of ductwork, provides efficiency without energy loss 03

Offer high efficiency with nonoverloading backwards curved impellers & maximize operating speed and power

Installed in the stairwells & lift lobbies, used to bring in clean air as a means of fire protection, drawing smoke out from the enclosed space

To remove smoke and heat from buildings in the event of a fire.

Installed vertically, connects with pressurization relief damper to extract smoke from the buoyant smoke reservoir out from the building.

01 Wall Mounted Axial Fan 02 Steel Propeller Fan

Single Inlet Centrifugal Fan

04 Smoke Exhaust Fan

Mechanical Ventilation System

Components of the ventilation system (fire protection)

Elements Functions

Installation

Air Filter Filter incorporated into air grilles to prevent pollutants entering

Installed within inlet grilles, filters prevent pollutants & particulates, which helps to improve indoor air quality and avoid damage towards the ventilation system

Elements Functions

Galvanised sheet metal duckwork

Able to withstand high pressure, making it suitable for the load obtained from the building usage

Installation

Installed in the car park, machinery and service rooms

Elements Functions

Installation

Fire

Smoke Damper (Dynamic)

To prevent fire spreading through ventilation. When fire mode is on, these components will activate to reverse flow from the supply air duct & discharge smoke

Fire dampers are ducting fittings that serve for fire protection measures

Elements Functions

Installation

Pressurization Relief Damper

To control & suppress the movement of smoke in case of fire. Act as prevention of smoke from entering into fire escape zone, allows better visibility & escape time

Installed in enclosed lift lobbies & fire escape stairwells

Mechanical Ventilation System

Components of the ventilation system (Diffuser & Grilles)

Elements Functions

Exhaust Grille

Used in internal spaces & have a large free area with high airflow rates & minimal pressure drop

Installation

Detachable grille eases cleaning of grille & ductwork.

Louvre Grille

Used in enclosed service corridors, for air intake

The grilles face the outside and have blades that configured to prevent water ingress into.

Return Air Grille

To extract warm air from the space to be recirculate for cooling

Return air grille is mounted to the wall

Four way square Ceiling Diffuser

Suitable for variable volume systems with a highly satisfactory efficiency

Installed in internal spaces : Lift corridors

Mechanical Ventilation System

Connection Components Galvanised sheet metal duckwork LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components LENGEND SPACE Return Air Grille Pressurization Relief Damper Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Supp y Propeller Fan Exhaust Propeller Fan Single Inlet Centrifugal Fan LENGEND SPACE Exhaust Components Exhaust Air Shaft Supp y Air Shaft Cast Aluminum Axial Fan

GL Basement Carpark

Diffusion Components LENGEND SPACE Louvre Grille Four way square Ceiling Diffuser Pressurization Relief Damper Exhaust Grille Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Supp y Propeller Fan Exhaust Propeller Fan Single Inlet Centrifugal Fan LENGEND SPACE Exhaust Components Natural Ventilated Exhaust Air Shaft Supp y Air Shaft

Mechanical Ventilation System Hostel Administrative L14 Connection Components Galvanised sheet metal duckwork LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components LENGEND SPACE Louvre Grille Four way square Ceiling Diffuser Pressurization Relief Damper Exhaust Grille Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Supp y Propeller Fan Exhaust Propeller Fan Single Inlet Centrifugal Fan LENGEND SPACE Exhaust Components Natural Ventilated Exhaust Air Shaft Supp y Air Shaft

TW N ROOM SINGLE ROOM BALCONY BALCONY F RE STA RCASE LIFT LOBBY REFUSE M&E TW N ROOM BALCONY F RE STA RCASE REFUSE M&E S NGLE ROOM BALCONY SEAT NG AREA SEATING AREA MALE RES DENT AL UN T FEMALE RESIDENT AL UN T REFUSE L FT LOBBY REFUSE Diffusion Components LENGEND SPACE Louvre Grille Four way square Ceiling Diffuser Pressurization Relief Damper Exhaust Grille Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Supp y Propeller Fan Exhaust Propeller Fan Single Inlet Centrifugal Fan LENGEND SPACE Exhaust Components Natural Ventilated Exhaust Air Shaft Supp y Air Shaft

Mechanical Ventilation System Roof Level Connection Components Galvanised sheet metal duckwork LENGEND SPACE Diffusion Components LENGEND SPACE Louvre Grille Four way square Ceiling Diffuser Pressurization Relief Damper Supply Components LENGEND SPACE Supp y Propeller Fan Exhaust Propeller Fan Single Inlet Centrifugal Fan LENGEND SPACE Exhaust Components F RE STA RCASE MOTOR ROOM AC COOLING TOWER DOMEST C WATER TANK BACK UP WATER TANK ACT VE F RE PRODUCT ON WATER STORAGE TANK AC MAKE UP TANK AC PLANT ROOM MOTOR ROOM

Smoke Spill System

smoke extraction

The concept of smoke control system design is implemented in this project to release the smoke generated during the fire event. This system will improve visibility, reduces temperature, increases escape time, facilitates firefighting and limits the damage, both directly and indirectly by reducing the spread of smoke.

Corridor

Ga an sed she me a duckwo Louv e G Fo wa qua e Ce g D f e P es u a on e e Damper E ha P ope e Fan S ng e e Cent uga Fa E ha A Sha Supp y A Sha

(Natural Ventilated) Refuse Chamber obby Pressurized Exit Staircase Lift Lobby SPACE A SPACE B MV Shaft Fire damper

ventilated

Communalkitchen

Figure: Hotel Administrative Floor Plan Figure: Mechanical Ventilated Space

corridor

Fire staircase LiftLobby

Smoke Spill System

bby SPACE B

Process

ode is activated, the motorized supply duct will close

mpers & smoke spill fan will open low from the supply air duct and .

mechanical smoke ventilation installed at basement lowest floor up to the highest floor, inclusive of 1 unit of smoke spill fan located Level 20 Fan Room Wall

ed smoke spill fans for the zone in uously extract smoke from the eservoir out from the building.

zone will replaced by clean air ditioning supply air duct, whereby ers have been installed to isolate ormal operation & fire mode.

ucts are

P d E S

Fire

non-combustible

C o m p o n e n t [ D u c t w o r k ]

Penetration

resistance material Fire rated

board

Pressurization System

Staircase & Lift Lobby

The concept of pressurization system is implemented in this project to control and suppress the movement of smoke in case of fire at enclosed fire escape staircases, smoke lobbies and lift lobbies in order to ensure smoke from the building cannot enter the fire escape zone Supply air fan connected to emergency power supply All pressurized fans are equipped with ventilation fans which normally operate during the day to provide clean air ventilation inside the staircase and lobby area.

01 Pressurization Fan 04 Smoke Exhaust Fan 02 Fire Resisting Damper 03 Pressurization Relief Damper 06 Pressurization

Smoke

05 Air pressurisation

E x i t S t a i r c a s e

Exhaust Outlet Grille Air ventilated in & out through stairwell shafts & supply fans

intermittently exhausted out using exhaust fan

Control Panel

control air pressure for fire service use in a accessible position to release the distributed air

Figure: Mechanical Ventilation of smoke lobbies diagram

Fire Protection System

Passive Fire Protection System

Fire Safety Planning

Annotations: Fire Appliance Access, Annotations: Hydrant Placement Strategy, Annotations: Safe Zone Strategy

Purpose Group

Table 1: Travel Distance Requirements

Vertical Planning : Means of Escapes Overview

Table 1: start points of storey exit

Table 2: end points of building exit

Annotations 1: horizontal route Annotations 2: vertical route

Horizontal Planning : Means of Escapes Floor type

Table 1: Travel path by Space Placement

Annotations 1: Angle of Escape by Space Placement Type

Vertical Planning: Fire Spread Prevention

Table 1: Slab Compartments

Table 2: False Ceiling Table 3: Beams

Annotations 1: Natural Smoke Exhausting Vertically Annotations 2: Artificial Smoke Exhausting Vertically

Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention by floor type

Table 1: Wall Compartments

Annotations: Smoke Removal Path

Vertical Planning : Means of Escapes Overview

Axono & Callouts: Staircase & Railing Ergonomic Safety

Axono & Callouts : Staircase & Railing Material Safety

Fire

Domestic

Backup

D&E

Fire

Fire Hydrant Tank (shall be located not more than 90m apart)

Scale 1:450

Appliance Access Road Landscape Fire Safe Zone Landscape Fire Safe Zone Landscape Fire Safe Zone Landscape Fire Safe Zone

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY BLOCK

Fire

Protect. Water Storage Tank

Water Storage Tank

Hydrant (6m and 46m from the perimeter of the building)

UBBL 1984 Provisions shown in red

Passive Fire Protection System

Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Considerations in Start & End points of Fire Stairs (to safe zone), Horizontal & Vertical Travel Route

MAIN SERVICES ROOM

HOSTEL

HOSTEL ADMINISTRATION

LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS

SHOPLOTS CAR PARK

Long

Section Diagram (refer legend on next page)

Passive Fire Protection System

Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Considerations in Start & End points of Fire Stairs (to safe zone), Horizontal & Vertical Travel Route

West section East section

Short Section Diagram (refer leg

MAIN SERVICES ROOM

HOSTEL ADMINISTRATION LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS SHOPLOTS CAR PARK HOSTEL

Passive Fire Protection System

Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Considerations

Symbol Stair Name Placement Justification

Fire Staircase 1

( Hidden behind the wall )

Fire Staircase 2

Fire Staircase 3

( Hidden behind the wall )

-Function as fire brigade stair

- Located at Western Corner of building along with Western Lift Lobby and M&E

- Faces the Southern Safe Zone to allow user easily reached the safe zone

Function as fire brigade stair

- Located at Eastern Corner of building along with Western Lift Lobby and M&E

Symbol Stair Name Placement Justification

Western Lift Lobby to Western Safe Zone

( Hidden behind the wall )

Central Lift Lobby to Southern Safe Zone

Eastern Lift Lobby to Eastern Safe Zone

( Hidden behind the wall )

Located at Western Corner of building directly lead the users towards Ground Floor.

Located at Southern Corner, Centre of the building as an alternative escape route directly lead the users towards Ground Floor.

Located at Eastern Corner of building directly lead the users towards Ground Floor.

in Start & End points of Fire Stairs (to safe zone), Horizontal & Vertical Travel Route Table 2: End Point for Building Exit Table 1: Start Point of Storey Exit

Passive Fire Protection System

Basement Fire Staircase

( Hidden behind the wall )

Basement Fire Staircase

( Hidden behind the wall )

-Function as fire brigade stair

- Located at Western Corner of building along with Western Lift Lobby and M&E

- Faces the Southern Safe Zone to allow user easily reached the safe zone

Function as fire brigade stair

Basement Fire Staircase

( Hidden behind the wall )

- Located at Eastern Corner of building along with Western Lift Lobby and M&E

Symbol Stair Name Placement Justification

Symbol Element Symbol Element Symbol Element Fire Staircase / Lift Lobby Escape Route Escape Direction

Vertical Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Considerations in Start & End points of Fire Stairs (to safe zone), Horizontal & Vertical Travel Route

Element Indications

Table 3: Start Point of Basement Exit Table 4:

Passive

Furthest Point Escape Route Escape Direction 37m 15m 27m 27m 12m 37m 26m 27m 45m 45m 45m 45m

Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Escape Route

Horizontal

Table 2:

Distance B3- GL Carpark Diagram

Fire Protection System

Elements Indication

on Fire Escape Route & Distance , Angle of Escape of Alternative Paths

Table 1:

Considerations

Escape Route Escape Direction 35m 14m 27m 27m 12m 37m 26m 27m 45m 45m 45m 45m

Escape

System

Fire

Vertical Planning: Means of

Overview Passive Fire Protection

B3- GL Carpark Diagram Table 2: Escape Route Distance Considerations on

Escape Route & Distance , Angle of Escape of Alternative Paths

H C P L T Escape Route Escape Direction 25m 36m 34m 36m 32m 24m rd 45m 45m 45m

ance

34m 36m 32m 24m d 45m 45m

Escape Route Escape Direction

ance Considerations on Fire Escape Route & Distance , Angle of Escape of Alternative Paths

Passive

Horizontal Planning: Means of Escape Overview

Fire Protection System L14 Hostel Administration Table 1: Elements Indication Symbol Element Furthest Point Escape Route Escape Direction Symbol Route 1 (left) Route 2 (Right) 24m 43m 29m 34m 27m 33m 41m 24m Travel Distance UBBL Standard 45m 45m 45m 45m Table 2: Escape Route Distance Considerations on Fire Escape Route & Distance , Angle of Escape of Alternative Paths

Passive Fire Protection

25m 34m 22m 45m

Escape Direction 30m

45m

Horizontal Planning: Means of Escape Overview

System

L15-L20 Hostel Accommodation and Management Diagram

Table 1: Elements Indication

Table 2: Escape Route Distance

Considerations on Fire Escape Route & Distance , Angle of Escape of Alternative Paths

Passive Fire Protection System

Vertical Planning: Vertical Fire Spread Prevention Overview

Considerations on Slab Compartments, False Ceiling Fire Retardancy, Beams, & Smoke Exhausting

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of Smoke

Vertical Removal of smoke (through carpark air well)

Vertical Removal of smoke (through void area of car park ramp)

LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS

MAIN SERVICES ROOM HOSTEL ADMINISTRATION

SHOPLOTS CAR PARK HOSTEL

Passive Fire Protection System

Vertical Planning: Vertical Fire Spread P Considerations on Slab Compartments, ncy, Beams, & Smoke

Exhausting

MAIN SERVICES ROOM

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of Smoke

Vertical Removal of smoke (through carpark air well)

HOSTEL

HOSTEL ADMINISTRATION

Vertical Removal of smoke (through void area of car park ramp)

LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS

SHOPLOTS CAR PARK

Short Sect next page)

Passive Fire Protection System

Vertical Planning: Vertical Fire Spread Prevention Overview

Considerations on Slab Compartments, False Ceiling Fire Retardancy, Beams, & Smoke

Table 1: Slab Compartments

Exhausting

Element Symbol Element Name Fire Rating of Materials Planning Consideration Functional Considerations

160mm thk. RC Floor Slab 2 hours fire rating

From the GL to B3 slabs that comsist of voids can allow stack removeal of smoke

It automatically create voids by include slabs in car park planning without create artificially with functions.

200mm thk. RC Floor Slab 4 hours fire rating

Table 2: False Ceiling Fire Retardancy

Gyproc® FIRERated Ceiling System (50mm)

Provides up to 2 hours of fire protection in accordance with BS 476: Part 22

Gyproc gypsum boards, plasters and ceiling tiles are all made using noncombustible materials

Hiding the ductwork within 900mm ceiling space

By complying with UBBL it is required for fire compartmentalization to be done for levels above the ground floor.(L1-Roof Level)

It fully covered with slabs, maximized ground floor area of L1 to L20

Table 3: Beams Fire Retardancy

600mm thk. RC Beam

4-hour ratings

HENSOTOP SB

Single component solvent-based top coat for HENSOTHERM® fire protection coating . protection against moisture.

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been demonstrated to be effective and have been commonly used to strengthen structures

Element Symbol Element Name Fire Rating of Materials Finishes Fire Retardancy Functional Considerations

Passive Fire Protection System

Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention By Floor Type

Considerations on Compartments through walls & doors and smoke removal path

Table 1: Compartment Design B3- GL Carpark Diagram

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of smoke (through air well & void area)

Compartment Wall

CHAR 21 intumescent paint is used on many common non-loadbearing walls made of concrete. (200mm thickness reinforced concrete wall) 2 hour

Horizontal Removal of Smoke (through lift lobby in mech vent)

Double fire door (fire rated shutter door)

Fire doors- combination of timber, steel, gypsum, and aluminum. Window uses borosilicate or ceramic glass all Gaps are filled with silicone-based fire-resistant sealant.

2-3 hour

Passive Fire Protection System

Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention By Floor Type

Considerations on Compartments through walls & doors and smoke removal path

LG Carpark Diagram

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of smoke (through air well & void area)

Symbol

Compartment Name

Table 1: Compartment Design

Compartment Fire Rating Material

Fire Protection Justification

Compartment Wall

CHAR 21 intumescent paint is used on many common non-loadbearing walls made of concrete. (200mm thickness reinforced concrete wall) 2 hour

Horizontal Removal of Smoke (through lift lobby in mech vent)

Double fire door (fire rated shutter door)

Fire doors- combination of timber, steel, gypsum, and aluminum. Window uses borosilicate or ceramic glass all Gaps are filled with silicone-based fire-resistant sealant.

2-3 hour

Passive Fire Protection System

Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention By Floor Type

Considerations on Compartments through walls & doors and smoke removal path

L1 Shoplots Diagram

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of smoke (through air well & void area)

Table 1: Compartment Design

Protection tification

Compartment Wall concrete. (200mm thickness reinforced concrete wall)

Horizontal Removal of Smoke (through lift lobby in mech vent)

Double fire door (fire rated shutter door)

Fire doors- combination of timber, steel, gypsum, and aluminum. Window uses borosilicate or ceramic glass all Gaps are filled with silicone-based fire-resistant sealant.

2 hour

2-3 hour

Passive Fire Protection System

Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention By Floor Type

Considerations on Compartments through walls & doors and smoke removal path

L2 - L13 Lecture and Classroom Diagram

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of smoke (through air well & void area)

Symbol

Compartment Name

Table 1: Compartment Design

Compartment Fire Rating Material

Fire Protection Justification

Compartment Wall

CHAR 21 intumescent paint is used on many common non-loadbearing walls made of concrete. (200mm thickness reinforced concrete wall) 2 hour

Horizontal Removal of Smoke (through lift lobby in mech vent)

Double fire door (fire rated shutter door)

Fire doors- combination of timber, steel, gypsum, and aluminum. Window uses borosilicate or ceramic glass all Gaps are filled with silicone-based fire-resistant sealant.

2-3 hour

Passive Fire Protection System

Horizontal

Planning: Fire Spread Prevention By Floor Type

Considerations on Compartments through walls & doors and smoke removal path

L14 Hostel Administration

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of smoke (through air well & void area)

Table 1: Compartment Design

Symbol Compartment Name Compartment Fire Rating Material

Fire Protection Justification

Compartment Wall

CHAR 21 intumescent paint is used on many common non-loadbearing walls made of concrete. (200mm thickness reinforced concrete wall) 2 hour

Horizontal Removal of Smoke (through lift lobby in mech vent)

Double fire door (fire rated shutter door)

Fire doors- combination of timber, steel, gypsum, and aluminum. Window uses borosilicate or ceramic glass all Gaps are filled with silicone-based fire-resistant sealant.

2-3 hour

Passive Fire Protection System

Horiz

Considerations

on Compartments through walls & doors and smoke removal path

L15-L20 Hostel Accommodation and Management Diagram

Natural Based Smoke Removal Methods

Vertical Removal of smoke (through air well & void area)

Symbol

Compartment Name

Table 1: Compartment Design

Compartment Fire Rating Material

Fire Protection Justification

Compartment Wall

CHAR 21 intumescent paint is used on many common non-loadbearing walls made of concrete. (300mm thickness reinforced concrete wall) 2 hour

Horizontal Removal of Smoke (through lift lobby in mech vent)

Double fire door

Fire doors- combination of timber, steel, gypsum, and aluminum. Window uses borosilicate or ceramic glass all Gaps are filled with silicone-based fire-resistant sealant.

2-3 hour

Passive Fire Protection System

Passive Detail

Staircase & Railing Ergonomic Safety (Anthropometry considerations and running circulation considerations)

Fire Exit Sign

300mm RC Wall

Landing Width : 1800mm (same with the staircase width)

Railing Height = 1100mm

Railing-Wall Gap = 100mm

Staircase Width = 1800mm

Fire Door Width = 800mm

Fire Door Height = 2100mm

Fire rated door frame is ± 65mm x 140mm x 1.5mm

4 hours fire rated wall highest fire resistance ,easily repaired after a fire, helping to minimise inconvenience

Precast RC Staircase

Exit

Durable Composition, Longer Lifespan and Stability the staircases can work in extreme conditions

Stainless Steel Railing

High strength and it hold it's ground firmly because of their strength and corrosion resistance properties.

STONSHIELD

Textured Epoxy Flooring & Urethane Flooring

Durable anti-slip expose surface flooring designed with material properties to help reduce slipperiness and increase traction

Active Fire Protection System

Vertical planning: Water-based extinguishment circulation overview

Annotations: Water Sources

Annotations: Storage Elements

Annotations: Connection Elements

Annotations: Discharge Elements

Horizontal planning: Immediate response features by floor type

Table 1: Fire Detectors

Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms

Table 3: Occupants' portable fire extinguisher

Annotation: Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel

Horizontal planning: Auto extinguishment features by floor type

Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

Active Fire Protection System

Introduction.

Active Fire Protection System (AFP) involves a trigger action in response to fire The response action can be manual, like hand-operated fire extinguishers, or automatic, such as the sprinkler system The main objective of active fire protection is to detect the fire hazard and alert the occupants, thus eliminating it, whether by controlling, overpowering or extinguishing it.

Fire Detectors 03

to detect one or more of the 3 characteristics of fire: Smoke Heat Flame

Non-Water Based System 02

List of Active Fire Protection Systems

Water Based System 01

Smoke Detector Flame Detector Heat, Thermal Detector

Carbon Dioxide Systems

Water-type portable fire extinguishers (for class A fires)

Dry chemical agents and Application Systems

External Fire Hydrants

Hose

Reel Systems

Argonite

Dry Riser Systems (depends on the fire engine to pump water into the system)

Fire Alarm Systems 04

Fireman Switch Manual Pull Stations

Wet Riser System (system is charged with water)

Automatic Sprinkler System

Fire Alarm Bell Voice Communication System

Active Fire Protection System

Vertical planning: Water-based extinguishment circulation

Considerations on water sources, water storage elements, water delivery connection elements, water-based extinguishing discharge elements

UBBL 1984 Clause 231: Installation and testing of the wet rising system

1. 2.

Wet rising systems shall be provided in every building in which the topmost floor is more than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level.

A hose connection shall be provided in each firefighting access lobby.

Justification

Wet riser system

This system is used because its topmost floor is higher than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level; whereas the required top floor for a dry riser system is only between 18.3m to 30.5m.

The proposed building height is about 87m

Landing valve installation shall not exceed 0.75 above floor level

Legend refers to the next page

Active Fire Protection System

Vertical

planning: Water-based extinguishment circulation

Considerations on water sources, water storage elements, water delivery connection elements, water-based extinguishing discharge elements

Symbol Element Wet riser pipes

(On the roof) Landing valve Wet riser

Air release valve Wet Riser Tank (located in Fire Pump Room at B3) Fire Protection Tank

Hose Reel

Sprinkler Water Pipe (water source from fire truck)

Sprinkler Water Pipe (water source from water tank)

F RE STA RCASE MOTOR ROOM AC COOLING TOWER DOMEST C WATER TANK BACK UP WATER TANK ACT VE F RE PRODUCT ON WATER STORAGE TANK AC MAKE UP TANK AC PLANT ROOM MOTOR ROOM Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Roof Services Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System SD SD SD SD SD SD H Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX EX SD H EX

S NGLE RO BALCONY FIRE STA RCASE L FT LOBBY REFUSE M&E TW N ROOM BALCONY F RE STA RCASE L FT LOBBY REFUSE M&E S NGLE ROOM BALCONY MALE RES DENTIAL UN FEMALE RES DENT AL UN T Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Level 15-20: Residential Units Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD H H Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX H EX H EX

Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Level 14: Hotel Administration Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD H SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD H SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD H H Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX H EX H EX

Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe H SD FACP Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR SD SD H H Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Level 2- 13: Lecture Halls & Classrooms Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System SD SD H EX H EX H EX SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD

Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Level 1: Shoplots Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX

Level: Carpark Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX

Ground

Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Lower Ground Level- Basement 2: Carpark Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX

Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Immediate response Features by Floor Type Considerations on Heat detectors, Smoke detectors, Audio Alarms, Visual Alarms, Portable Fire Extinguisher, Wet Riser, Hose Reel Basement 3: Carpark Symbol Element Dry Powder Foam WR Table 1: Fire Detectors Table 2: Audio & Visual Alarms Table 3: Fire Extinguisher Wet Riser Hose Reel System Symbol Element Fire Alarm Call Point Manual Alarm Call Point Fire Alarm Sounder Strobe FACP Symbol Element Heat Detector Smoke Detector ceiling mounted Heat Detector Explosion Proof H SD H EX

F RE STA RCASE MOTOR ROOM AC COOLING TOWER DOMEST C WATER TANK BACK UP WATER TANK ACT VE F RE PRODUCT ON WATER STORAGE TANK AC MAKE UP TANK AC PLANT ROOM MOTOR ROOM Symbol Element Wet Pipe Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage Area Wet Sprinkler Pipe Symbol Element CO2 Cylinder Extinguishing Nozzles CO2 Pipe Symbol Element Siamese Connection Siamese Pipe Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Auto Extinguishment Considerations on Sprinkler Planning Roof Services Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

TW N ROOM S NGLE ROOM BALCONY BALCONY FIRE STA RCASE L FT LOBBY REFUSE M&E TW N ROOM BALCONY F RE STA RCASE L FT LOBBY REFUSE M&E S NGLE ROOM BALCONY SEAT NG AREA SEAT NG AREA MALE RES DENTIAL UN T FEMALE RES DENT AL UN T Level 15-20: Residential Units Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Auto Extinguishment Considerations on Sprinkler Planning Symbol Element Wet Pipe Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage Area Wet Sprinkler Pipe Symbol Element CO2 Cylinder Extinguishing Nozzles CO2 Pipe Symbol Element Siamese Connection Siamese Pipe Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

Level 14: Hotel Administration Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Auto Extinguishment Considerations on Sprinkler Planning Symbol Element Wet Pipe Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage Area Wet Sprinkler Pipe Symbol Element CO2 Cylinder Extinguishing Nozzles CO2 Pipe Symbol Element Siamese Connection Siamese Pipe Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

Level 2- 13: Lecture Halls & Classrooms Active Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Auto Extinguishment Considerations on Sprinkler Planning Symbol Element Wet Pipe Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage Area Wet Sprinkler Pipe Symbol Element CO2 Cylinder Extinguishing Nozzles CO2 Pipe Symbol Element Siamese Connection Siamese Pipe Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

Level 1: Shoplots

Fire Protection System Horizontal planning: Auto Extinguishment Considerations on Sprinkler Planning Symbol Element Wet Pipe Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage Area Wet Sprinkler Pipe Symbol Element CO2 Cylinder Extinguishing Nozzles CO2 Pipe Symbol Element Siamese Connection Siamese Pipe Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

Active

Level: Carpark

Fire Protection System

planning: Auto Extinguishment

on Sprinkler Planning Symbol Element Wet Pipe Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage Area Wet Sprinkler Pipe Symbol Element CO2 Cylinder Extinguishing Nozzles CO2 Pipe Symbol Element Siamese Connection Siamese Pipe Table 1: Wet Pipe Sprinkler System Table 2: CO2 Fire Suppression

Ground

Active

Horizontal

Considerations

Lower Ground Level- Basement 2: Carpark

Active

Basement 3: Carpark

Active

Mechanical Transportation System

Introduction. Building Occupancy. Vertical Circulation Needs. Lift Design. Horizontal Circulation Needs Proposed Lift System: MRL Traction. Fire Safety Design Considerations

Space Usage by Floors & Time of Day User Journey Lift Configuration Lift Car Lift Lobby User Interaction by Floors

Details & Components

Passive & Active Fire Responses

Emergency Situations

Mechanical Transportation System

Introduction

Mechanical transportation refers to the vertical or horizontal displacement of people and goods to multiple floors with the use of electrical motors. In the context of the Proposed High-Rise, lifts are used as the primary vertical mechanical transportation between floors.

Machine-Room-Less (MRL) Traction

hoisting cables

Drive Unit

The traction machine uses a gearless mechanism with a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a vector-controlled drive system and regenerative (power-saving) options.

Primary Equipment

Even should water enter the hoistway, through a natural disaster of some sort, high installation of the controller and the traction machine prevent water from coming into direct contact with the drive unit and controller.

Controller

Minimise energy consuption by powering dff the lights, signalization and vent fans when not in use.

Roller Guides

In addition to not requiring lubricant, which is needed for convention guide shoes, they also reduce noise and vibration.

Uniform Building By-Laws 1984

PART VI CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

124. Lifts.

For all non-residential buildings exceeding 4 storeys above or below the main access level at least one lift shall be provided.

Justifications

Reduction of structural load as all primary equipment is located on the hoistway. High speeds Reduced electricity consumption

More environmentally friendly

In times past, MRLs are less favored due to loud noise and vibration during operation, and small load capacities (<1150kg). Even so, MRLs have developed since then and noise is minimized and load is increased thanks to technological advancement.

Why Machine-Room-Less (MRL) and not Machine-Room (MR)?

Compared to the machine room (MR) lift, MRLs do not require an additional room for the traction machine as it is placed in the building shaft.

car steel

landing

apron

lift

cables

doors

counterweight

door

counterweight guide

balustrades 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

hoisting cables

buffer

opener

rails

Space Usage by Floors & Time of Day

Average Number of Occupants

Floor Space Usage

Lecture

& Classrooms 3588

High

Hostel, Admin & Lounge Areas 2/5 x 228

= 91 pax Medium

≈

lift

≈

≤ 8am First class of the day 12pm Lunch hours 6pm Most classes end 9pm ≤ Night Hours B3 - GL Parking lots (205 x 2 pax) + 92 = 502 pax High Occupation 1/5 x 502 pax = 100 pax Medium Occupation 3/5 x 502 pax = 300 pax Medium Occupation Staff & Passerbys ≈ 100 pax Low Occupation L1 Shoplots & Restaurants 6 x 10 pax = 60 pax Low Occupation 4/5 x 502 pax = 402 pax High Occupation 2/5 x 502 pax = 201 pax Medium Occupation L2 - L13

halls

pax (assuming full)

Occupation 2/5 x 3588 seats = 1435 pax Medium Occupation 4/5 x 3588 seats = 2870 pax High Occupation L14

L20

pax

Occupation 1/5 x 228 pax = 46 pax Low Occupation 4/5 x 228 pax = 182 pax High Occupation 228 pax High Occupation Roof Service Rooms All Whole Building

4241 total pax High

transfer needs

1983 total pax Medium lift transfer needs ≈ 3553 total pax High lift transfer needs

328 total pax Low lift transfer needs

retail stores

Mechanical Transportation System Building Occupation Overview B3 - GL L1 L2- L13 L14 - L20 Roof 205 car bays & 92 motorcycle bays 108 restaurant seating & 6

3588 seats [12 floors (144 in lecture halls + 143 in classrooms + 12 in common areas each floor)] 228 residents [6 floors (18 single rooms + 10 twin rooms each floor)] Services

L2 - L13 L14 - L20 L1 B3 - GL

Roof HOSTEL LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS SHOPLOTS CAR PARK SERVICES ROOM L20 L1 GL LG B B2 B3 L 3 L 4

Mechanical Transportation System Vertical Circulation Needs Long Section Diagram (table on page -)

Vertical Circulation Needs L2 - L13 L14 - L20 L1 B3 - GL

Roof HOSTEL LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS SHOPLOTS CAR PARK SERVICES ROOM L20 L1 GL LG B B2 B3 L 3 L 4

Mechanical Transportation System

Short Section Diagram (table on page -)

Mechanical Transportation System

Vertical Circulation Needs Diagram

Assuming,

Each Lift Car can fit 20 persons (≈ 1360 kg) e.g. if there are 10 lift journeys per hour, the total persons who use the lift per hour will be 200 persons

8am User Journey

Key Route A

B3 - GL (Carpark Levels)

L2- L13 (Lecture Halls & Classrooms)

Transfer Needs

High needs: ≈ 30 journeys/hr = 500 - 600 users/hr = 3-4 lifts needed

Key Route B L14 - L20 (Hostel Rooms)

Transfer Needs

L2 - L13 (Lecture Halls & Classrooms)

High needs: ≈ 20 journeys/hr = 300 - 400 users/hr = 3 lifts needed

Total Transfer Needs: 1000 users/hr = 6-7 lifts needed

12pm User Journey

Key Route A

Transfer Needs

Key Route B

Transfer Needs

L2- L13 (Lecture Halls & Classrooms) L1 (Shoplots)

Medium needs: ≈ 15 journeys/hr = 200 - 300 users/hr = 2-3 lifts needed

L2- L13 (Lecture Halls & Classrooms) B3 - GL (Carpark Levels)

Medium needs: ≈ 15 journeys/hr = 200 - 300 users/hr = 2-3 lifts needed

Total Transfer Needs: 600 users/hr = 4-6 lifts needed

Mechanical Transportation System

Vertical Circulation Needs Diagram

Assuming,

Each Lift car can fit 20 persons (≈ 1360 kg)

e.g. if there are 10 lift journeys per hour, the total persons who use the lift per hour will be 200 persons

6pm User Journey

Key Route A L2- L13 (Lecture Halls & Classrooms) B3 - GL (Carpark Levels)

Transfer Needs High needs: ≈ 20 journeys/hr = 300 - 400 users/hr = 3 lifts needed

Key Route B L2- L13 (Lecture Halls & Classrooms) L14 - L20 (Hostel Rooms)

Transfer Needs High needs: ≈ 20 journeys/hr = 300 - 400 users/hr = 3 lifts needed

Total Transfer N d /h l f d d

Conclusion

Assuming each lift has a capacity of ≈ 1360 kg, which can carry a maximum of 20 persons, there is a need for a total of 6 lifts on a busy day.

Example: Level 1 Shoplots Overview Lift Arrangement: 2 / 3 / 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 2 3

Roof HOSTEL LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS SHOPLOTS CAR PARK SERVICES ROOM L20 L1 GL LG B B2 B3 L 3 L 4

Transportation System

Mechanical

Lift Design

(opposite side)

Leve hop o Access card required to stop at residential floors P R I V A T E ( R E S I D E N T I A L ) P U B L I C

Long Section Diagram (table on page -)

Reference:

Restricted Access

Mechanical Transportation System

Lift Design

Short Section Diagram (table on page -)

Roof HOSTEL LECTURE HALLS & CLASSROOMS SHOPLOTS CAR PARK SERVICES ROOM L20 L1 GL LG B B2 B3 L 3 L 4

Reference: Leve hop o

Mechanical Transportation System

Lift Design.

Lift Core Lift Car Lift Lobby

Current Lift in Taylor's

Max travel distance = 76m

Speed = 152m/min, 2.533 m/s

Passenger Lift KONE MonoSpace® 700 DX 20 1361 2 54 2045 X 1454 2540 X 2184

Passenger Lift KONE MonoSpace® 700 DX 20 1361 2.54 2045 X 1454 2540 X 2184

Passenger Lift KONE MonoSpace® 700 DX 20 1361 2 54 2045 X 1454 2540 X 2184

Bomba/Fire Lift KONE MonoSpace® 700 DX 24 1588 2 54 2045 X 1657 2540 X 2388

Passenger Lift KONE MonoSpace® 700 DX 20 1361 2.54 2045 X 1454 2540 X 2184

Passenger Lift KONE MonoSpace® 700 DX 20 1361 2 54 2045 X 1454 2540 X 2184

Lift Name Lift Type & Model User Capacity (persons) Rated Capacity (kg) Lift Speed (m/s) Car Size (mm) Hostway Size (mm)

Lift Design Lift Car

HO STWAY

NTER

H O I S T W A Y D E P T H 2 1 8 4 I N T E R I O R D E P T H 1 4 5 4 762 473 C W T B R A C K E T 2 0 0 3 C E N T E R L N E O F G U D E R A I L = 9 5 9 AT LAN M A C H I N E H E G H T = 3 7 2 7 C L E A R O V E R H E A D = 5 1 3 1 ( T O P L A N D N G T O U N D E R S D E O F H O I S T B E A M ) U N D E R S D E O F R O O F 5 3 3 4 DOOR W DTH = 9 4 ELECTR F CAT ON DUCT HOISTWAY

NTER

H O I S T W A Y D E P T H = 2 3 8 8 I N T E R I O R D E P T H 1 6 5 7 762

DOOR

CAR

C W T B R A C K E T 2 0 0 3 C E N T E R L N E O F G U D E R A I L = 9 5 9 2 9 AT TOP LAND NG

W DTH = 2540

OR W DTH = 2045

W DTH = 2540

OR W DTH = 2045

473

WIDTH = 1067 1737 1737 ROUGH OPENING = 473

CENTER = 1276

Mechanical Transportation System

Horizontal

Needs.

Passive Detail User Interaction by Floors

Building Occupancy by Floors and Time Of Day

Circulation

Mechanical Transportation System

Proposed Lift System: MRL Traction.

Passive Detail Details & Components

Building Occupancy by Floors and Time Of Day

Mechanical Transportation System

Passive Detail

Building Occupancy by Floors and Time Of Day

"fire lifts" means lift capable of being commandeered for exclusive use of firemen in emergency; "firemen's switch" means a switch located adjacent to the fire lift by the designated floor to enable the fire brigade to gain control of the fire lifts;

Fire Safety Design Considerations.

Passive & Active Fire Responses Emergency Situations

152. Openings in lift shafts.

(1) Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall open into protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of the local authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to open type industrial and other special buildings as may be approved by the D.G.F.S.

(2) Landing doors shall have a FRP of not less than half the FRP of the hoistway structure with a minimum FRP of half hour

154. Emergency mode of operation in the event of mains power failure.

(1) On failure of mains power all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts, without answering any car or landing calls and park with doors open.

(2) After all lifts are parked the lifts on emergency power shall resume normal operation:

Provided that where sufficient emergency power is available for operation of all lifts, this mode of operation need not apply.

153. Smoke detectors for lift lobbies. (1) All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors. (2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset time.

243. Fire lift.

(1) In a building where the top occupied floor is over 18.5 metres above the fire appliance access level fire lifts shall be provided.

(2) A penthouse occupying not more than 50% of the area of the floor immediately below shall be exempted from this measurement.

(3) The fire lifts shall be located within a separate protected shaft if it opens into a separate lobby.

(4) Fire lifts shall be provided at the rate of one lift in every group of lifts which discharge into the same protected enclosure or smoke lobby containing the rising main, provided that the fire lifts are located not more than 61 metres travel distance from the furthermost point of the floor.

155. Fire mode of operation.

(1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel which may be activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the building or manually.

(2) If mains power is available all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts, without answering any car or landing calls, overriding the emergency stop button inside the car, but not any other emergency or safety devices, and park with doors open.

(3) The fire lifts shall then be available for use by the fire brigade on operation of the fireman's switch.

(4) Under this mode of operation, the fire lifts shall only operate in response to car calls but not to landing calls in a mode of operation in accordance with by-law 154.

(5) In the event of mains power failure, all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor and operate under emergency power as described under paragraphs (2) to (4)

M

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2) Componenets Required for a Refrigeration Plant on Board Cargo Ships. Retrieved October 28, 2022, from http://www machineryspaces com/refrigeration-system-components html

3)M (2019, January 21) AHU types, components, and configurations | Consu ting - Specifying

Engineer Retrieved October 28, 2022, from https://www csemag com/artic es/ahu-typescomponents-and-configurations/

4) How Split Type AC Works – Acontech – Aircond Services in KL & Selangor | Malaysia

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S Y S T E M

1] ntegrated Car Park Ventilation Solut ons - Fantech Retrieved from https://www fantech com au/FanRange aspx?AppID=P2&RangeID=2018

2] Fire Assessment (n d ) Guides firedynam cstraining ca Retrieved from https://guides.firedynamicstraining.ca/g/fa204-fire-assessment-sd/118176

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SCDF Retrieved October 28, 2022, from https://www scdf gov sg/firecode/table-ofcontent/chapter-7-mechanical-ventilat on-smoke-control-systems/clause-7.1

4]Smoke Extract Fans - Systemair - PDF Catalogs | Documentation | Brochures. Retrieved October 28, 2022, from https://pdf archiexpo com/pdf/systemair/smoke-extract-fans/51399-250000 html

1]Category: UBBL (n d ) DAVIDYEK Retrieved October 28, 2022, from http://www.davidyek.com/fire-codes/category/ubb

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1]https://jkt kpkt gov my/sites/default/files/2019-06/1a %20Uniform%20Building%20ByLaws%201984-K GN 5178 1984 pdf

2]https://issuu.com/chaipau ie/docs/b service final 1

3]file:///C:/Users/fav/Downloads/Group6 Assesment1 BuildingServices%20(1) pdf

4]https://issuu com/hueychyi/docs/building service

5]https://resources imdaad ae/insights/why-and-when-to-opt-for-a-machine-room-lesselevator

6]https://senwan com y/difference-between-mr-vsmrl/#:~:text=The%20main%20difference%20between%20the,placed%20inside%20the%20building %20shaft.

7]https://www.toshiba-elevator.co.jp/elv/infoeng/elevator basics/mach ne/ 8]

R e f e r e n c e s 1 ]

I N T R O D U C T I O N F I R E P

R O T E C T I O N S Y S T E M

A I R C O N D I T I O N I N G S Y S T E

M E C H A N I C A L V E N T I L A T I O N

M E C H A N I C A L T R A N S P O R T A T I O N S Y S T E M

- Annotations: Fire Appliance Access, - Annotations: Hydrant Placement Strategy, - Annotations: Safe Zone Strategy

- Table 1: Slab Compartments

- Table 1: Travel Distance Requirements

- Table 1: start points of storey exit - Table 2: end points of building exit - Annotations 1: horizontal route - Annotations 2: vertical route - Table 1: Travel path by Space Placement - Annotations 1: Angle of Escape by Space Placement Type

- Table 2: False Ceiling - Table 3: Beams - Annotations 1: Natural Smoke Exhausting Vertically - Annotations 2: Artificial Smoke Exhausting Vertically - Table 1: Wall Compartments

Fire Safety Planning Vertical Planning: Fire Spread Prevention Vertical Planning : Means of Escapes Overview Horizontal Planning : Means of Escapes Floor type Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention by floor type Vertical Planning : Means of Escapes Overview

- Annotations: Smoke Removal Path - Axono & Callouts: Staircase & Railing Ergonomic Safety - Axono & Callouts : Staircase & Railing Material Safety Purpose Group