Thesis Book of Architecture by JZ by Jing Z

RE-THINKING A NEW TYPOLOGY FOR URBAN SCHOOLS IN BEIJING THE SCHOOL OF STACKED COURTYARDS AN ARCHITECTURE PROPOSAL BY ZHANG JING

ZHANG JING Student ID 04219299 e.g. M. Arch 87 units Spring 2018 MUECKENHEIM MARK Instructor, Graduate Director Architecture Graduate School Of Architecture Academy of Art University

Time Line of Study Units Ccurses 87

Courses Name

Instructors

2014 Fall EAP_603_07 LAN_605_01

MS:English For Art Purposes MS:Drawing As Process

Clarke, Hyrne Lang, Owen

3 3 -

2015 Spring ARH_650_01 ARH_651_01 EAP_604_03 EAP_604B_16

MS: Introductory Design Studio 1 ARH 651 01: MS: Design Process And 2D Media MS: English For Art Purposes: Speaking MS: English For Art Purposes: Writing & Reading

Bertoli, Alberto & Jew, Yim Odom, Jonathan Giles, Daniel Newberry, Wynn

3 3 3

2015 Fall ARH_652_01 ARH_653_01 ARH_654_01

MS: Architectural Tectonics MS: Introductory Design Studio 2 MS: Design Process & 3D Media

Corotis, Benjamin Cruz, Mark & Plymale, Keith Suen, Peter

6 3 3

2016 Spring ARH_609_01 ARH_620_01 ARH_640_01

MS: Intermediate Design Studio 1 MS: Digitally Generated Morphology MS: Architectural History - Introduction

Myers, Mark & Suen, Peter Suen, Peter Mallery, James

3 3

2016 Summer ARH_602_01 ARH_604_01

Graduate Design Technology 1: Structures Material And Methods of Construction: Building Detailing

Wilford, Carl Gill, David

3 3

2016 Fall ARH_605_01 ARH_608_01

Graduate Design Technology 2: Environmental Controls Advanced Design Studio 1 - Concept, Context, & Typology

ARH_641_01

Architectural History: Modernism And Its Global Impact

Suda, Fumio Mueckenheim, Mark & Paz De Moura Castro, Maria Mallery, James

3 6 3

2017 Spring ARH_606_01 ARH_619_01 ARH_658_01

Construction Documents And Building Codes Advanced Design Studio 2 - Concept & Comprehensivenes IntroductionTo Computer Aided Drafting & Modeling

Minnick, Clifford Corotis, Benjamin & Gill, David Hartzell, Madeline

2017 Summer ARH_659_0L1

Digitally Generated Fabrication

Suen, Peter

3 3 3

2017 Fall ARH_614_OL1 ARH_601_01 ARH_690_02

Architectural Professional Practices Spatial Composition Thesis Preparation & Development

Tippin, Elizabeth Paz De Moura Castro, Maria Reeder, Eric

3 6

2018 Spring IAD_608 ARH_810

Digital Imaging Master of Architecture Thesis

Douglas, Donaldson Mueckenheim, Mark

2018 Summer GR_875

Design Seminar/Portfolio

Scott, Mary

2018 Fall ARH_642_01

Architectural Theory

Jones, Dora

1.1 Time Line Of Study

Table of Content Chapter Content

1.2 Table Of Content

Page

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Cover Page Time Line Of Study Table Of Content Project Abstract Concept Statement User Group Narrative

1 2 3 5 7 9

2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Precedent Studies Urban Mapping Diagrams Overcrowded Schools Primary Schools in Beijing Negative of Urban Schools Research Summary

11 27 39 40 42 43

3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3

Site Analysis Climate Study Historical Buildings Site Analysis Diagrams

47 48 49 50

4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3

Programs Program Diagrams Programs Data Building Code Analysis

54 55 56 57

5.0 5.1 5.2

Site Model Massing Study Model Bibliography

59 61 63

6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

Thesis Project Abstract Development Models Site Plan Floor Plans Building Sections Elevations Wall Sections Partical Elevation Details

65 69 73 75 95 101 105 107 109

7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3

Sustainability Strategy Egress Diagram Structural Diagrams Mechanical Diagrams

111 115 119 123

8.0 8.1

Presentation Model Renderings

125 127

Project Abstract Chinese Urban Schools’ Issue

In today’s China urban centers experience a rapid growth. Large high-density cities absorb an increasing number of people migrating from rural areas of the country. These metropolitan hubs are expanding too fast to effectively meet the needs of the crowing population. The lack of educational resources is one of the major problems in these vastly expanding centers. The cores of these cities are so urbanized and have been developed to such a degree that there is no extra space to build conventional education facilities. Most of the existing schools also have no extra space to expand and accommodate more students. Many classrooms are already over crowded. China’s one child policy has regulated the problem in the past. With new, recently introduced policies, which now allows couples to have

1.3 Project Abstract

two children, the issue will severely escalate. Subsequently, there is a rapid, growing need for new school buildings in city centers. In addition, most of the existing schools are not designed to provide contemporary and therefore competitive education standards. Better study qualities for students need to be established when projecting new schools. My proposal for a new architectural approach to a school building in the center of Bejing aims to address these concerns. The scheme incorporates contemporary and up to date ideas about education as well as high quality indoor and outdoor spaces to facilitate a new model for schools in China.

Concept Statement Chinese Urban Primary Schools The most important years in intellectual child development are from 5-12. At this age, children are full of curiosity while building their own character. In China, children go to school 5 days a week and 10 hours per day. They spend most of their childhood in school. There is no doubt that their life during primary school will be a very important memory with deep impressions. It is of great importance that this experience is tied to a healthy and stimulating spatial condition, which is carefully designed in order to have the best possible effect on the students. The Chinese educational system needs to be reformed in order to address challenges future generations face. I believe that this necessary revision can be further improved and ecouraged by the architecture that provides the learning environment. The ambition for this project is to bring back more enjoyable indoor and outdoor spaces, which will be balancing the dense urban situation the children are currently situated in. I envision the new school building as a continuous landscape, indoor-outdoor park, and an

1.4 Concept Statement

enjoyable paradise for art, skills and knowledge. Students occupy this landscape in any way they like in order to read, explore science, and have debates with their teachers and peers. My urban school is designed to replicate a colorful natural environment, which feels much less urbanized than its location would suggest. This will allow children to feel free to follow their interests, exercise physical fitness, and be creative while developing at their own pace.The building integrates with the city in some parts where necessary, but also provides great independence towards the urban condition in other areas. When children arrive at the school, they can put aside the noise of the city, and reach a piece of land that belongs to them. The relationships between spaces all work together in finding a better typology for schools addressing the Chinese urban condition. It also initiates the necessary reform of the Chinese education system.

User Group Narrative Chinese Urban Primary Users

In Beijing, there are 680,500 primary school students, including 648,200 in urban areas. Primary school in China have 6 grade which provide children 5 to 12 years old basic education in Chinese, Math, English, Natural Science, Music, Art, Social Studies, Physical Education. Parents or grandparents send their children to school in the morning around 8 a.m. and pick up them in the late afternoon around 5 p.m.. The parents are either registered as Beijing citizens or as non-Beijing registered parents. As most schools are overcrowded, Beijing registered family scramble for the opportunity to attend primary school in the urban area. The government

1.5 User Group Narrative

decided to serve its own citizens first, so nonregistered non-Beijing registered parents find it very hard to find a school for their children. In addition, most school provide lunch for students and teachers. Also, because of the high rents in the urban areas, some school provide apartments for their teachers and administrative staff. As Beijing provide higher salary, better facilities, more advanced life quality, more opportunity and broader stage. Teacher from other city keep coming to Beijing to find their new jobs here.

Precedent Studies

Primary School From All Over The World

2.0 Precedent Studies

South Melbourne (Ferrars Street) Primary School (Interim Name) This urban vertical school serve 525 students 5000 sqm with 6 floors which is the first vertial school in Melbourne. The staircases become an open space for teaching and learning. The terrance also become a outdoor classroom which depends one the weather condition.

Camino Nuevo Space Diagram Facade and courtyard create a quiet but not Isolated outdoor space for the students. The mesh facade block the noisy busy highway around the school but let the natural light come in to fill the space. It is a good example for urban school design respond to the urban surroundings where is not a friendly area.

2.0 Precedent Studies

VUC SYD Vertical School of non fixed classroom Project: Education centre / Location: Haderslev, Denmark / Status: Completed in October 2013 / Size: 8,600 m2 / Client: VUC Syd / Architects: AART architects and ZENI architects / Engineer: COWI

2.0 Precedent Studies

Structure & Outdoor-Indoor Diagram It is an open plan as it supprot by columns in rid. Every floor have balcony and connect each other by the exterior staicases and become an exterior circlation system and opan area for rest.

Ground Level

Second Level

Forth Level

Basement Level

First Level

Fifth Level

2.0 Precedent Studies

Program Diagram SUC SYD have open filexible classrooms with some private small work area. SUC SYD have open filexible classrooms with some private small work area. Each floor have different subject, so there are special room for the specific subject in each floor.

Basement Level Sprots Hall: 66593 sqft

Second Level (culture) Study Area: 7788 sqft

Third Level (language) Study Area: 8009 sqft

Ground Level Auditorium: 3831 sqft

First Level (science) Study Area: 7738 sqft

Forth Level (office) Office Area: 8103 sqft

2.0 Precedent Studies

Helsinki School, Finland The revolution of Finland education mode is a succeessful example for the whole world. Their open, flexible and creative teaching method has challenged the old teaching model that has remained unchanged for nearly a hundred years. It tells people that the contemporary teaching mode should follow the times and technological progress, and should never be left behind.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Kastellin Monitoimitalo Kirjasto, Finland The teacher of this school think that inspiring architecture may give a child a positive drive for growing up and learning things, and turn the learning moments into thrilling experiences. Finland is a conuntry very north and cold with heavy snow in winter, the school design more forcus on the interior. As they have huge interior space with well arranged artificial

light, even the exterior have heavy snow, the interior will still be a warm,safe, well protected, enjoyable space for everyone. They don't need to go ouside because they have dedicated space to have excercises.

2.0 Precedent Studies

The Duston School, UK The furniture layout of this school create a very effective segmentation for large open space. This attemp will encorage more group work and communications. Furniture is a good object to define space with its movable flexibility. The space can be separated to several spaces with different qualities and privacy.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Dame Bradburyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s School, UK Reading area is the most important part of school. The course can take place in the open reading area. The furniture in this school are well designed to be a special place for students have a comfortable place to read.

Kensington International Kindergarten, Thailand Large space for study and sport. Children can barefoot running around. Those smooth curved path way are really an interesting and friendly shape to these kids.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Locke High School, United States Stitching furniture inside open space. It is very smart and effective space management.

James Berry, United States Classroom without doors gives creativity and open mind. It create a visual connection between studens and teachers.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Kindergarten Kekec, Slovenia Nature and colorful enviornment is a good teacher of the students. These colorful exterior rotable sun-shadding panels encorage children to have more activity.

Martno, Slovenia Self-learning and slides let children study and physical exercises at the same time. Slide motivate children's activity. If keep children in active, they will learn better during practice. Wirtable space is also improtant.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Sm Nursery, Japan Blackboard wall is magnetic, so that children painted painting, the magnetic chip to do a variety of combinations of arrangement. School provide more wirtable space on the wall that helps all the children share their thought with each other. It connected everyone on the wall visually, also in the heart.

An Kindergarten, Japan Treehouse become a creative space for study which let the creative thought outside the classroom. This case create several smaller space that close to the children scale to invite kids come into that spaces and read or have a disscustion inside.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Daich, Japan Atrium specializes in the design that can accumulate rainwater. After rain, the pond. Sunny day, playground; Winter, ice rink. It is a successful school in urban dwelling community. The courtyard are designed to be a mud playground for the kids. Ground floor are very open connected to the courtyard but still isolate from exterior.

Yochien , Japan The open educational philosophy and the sun, air, soil, trees and other natural elements, brought children great joy. It is a good urban school that bring nature close to children. With well designed structure, trees grow into and through the space that let the school feels more like a park than a building which makes the school feel less urbanized.

2.0 Precedent Studies

The King Solomon School, Israel Stitching furniture and comfortable space are reducing the bondage to the child. Also, furniture can be move to create different spaces or become a Building Blocks fill into the wall.

Ramat Chen Elementary School, Israel Study combine with physical exercises. This school create a lot of stages that students can show their skill to others. More social communicate bring up brave children.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Restad Gymnasium, Denmark The spiral stair or pathway extend the distance between an open space to another open space. Even though the space are open to a larger public space but still be defined as a more private space for study.It is good that visual connection in this school have not been blocked. The large gentel stair become a group study space. It is very friendly to students.

2.0 Precedent Studies

Urban Mapping Diagrams Beijing Urban Site Conditions Study Beijing, the second largest city in China, is the political and cultural center of the whole country. It is also one of the technology center and economical center of the northern China. As one of the First-tier cities in China, it keep absorbing large amount of people every year. High desity high-rises dwelling in Beijing that fill with large amount of people.

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

The fast way to get the scale of cities is layout together and compare with each other. The green area is the most important park in these three cities. Golden Gate Park is 20.6% larger than Central Park. The width of this two park is the same. Central Park is 843 acres. (0.8km x 4 km) Golden Gate Park is 1,017 acres. (0.8 km x 4.8 km) The Forbbiden City (with out moat): 178 acres (0.75km x 0.96km)

Administrative BEIJING TOTAL (6 of 16) DONGCHENG XICHENG CHAOYANG FENGTAI SHIJINGSHAN HAIDIAN Administrative Region of Beijing (Urban Area) BEIJING TOTAL (6 of 16) DONGCHENG XICHENG CHAOYANG FENGTAI SHIJINGSHAN HAIDIAN

Total Numbers of Numbers of 850321 996 25159 52972 69252 132877 69114 23780 155573

63 60 86 77 30 97

1555 1971 4327 2028 748 4211

Grade 1

Numbers of Average Class numbers of Session Students per class 145995 4036 36 9598 13078 21176 10510 3873 28275

273 357 702 307 127 749

35 37 30 34 30 38

Average Graduate Graduated 34 103893 145876 34 35 31 34 32 37

7093 7789 14221 9435 3058 19032

9595 13074 21176 10505 3866 28272

Numbers of Average Grade 3 Numbers of Class numbers of Class Session Session Students per class 153088 4455 34 162813 4561

Grade 2

9581 12479 25437 12807 4388 28265

278 344 792 359 131 751

34 36 32 36 33 38

10009 13297 26813 13648 4600 29220

274 351 806 382 139 756

Average numbers of Students per class 36 37 38 33 36 33 39

Grade 4

Numbers of Average Class numbers of Session Students per class 141494 4216 34 8164 10994 22154 11549 4032 24870

250 324 736 344 125 685

33 34 30 34 32 36

Numbers of Average Class numbers of Session Students per class 134721 4028 33

Grade 5

8538 10876 20710 10693 3789 24722

246 323 691 322 120 677

35 34 30 33 32 37

Numbers of Average Class numbers of Session Students per class 112210 3593 31

Grade 6

7082 8528 16587 9970 3098 20221

234 272 600 314 106 593

30 31 28 32 29 34

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

San Francisco

New York, Manhattan

Beijing

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

Map Of School Location

Reasons Make A Primary School Popular In Beijing

This map combine all the primary schools (red squre) with Senior Schools (blue squre) inner the FifthRing Road of Beijing which consider to be the urban area.

Better facilities and high-quality faculty and powerful team of teachers will make a school popular in Beijing. As the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; quality are higher in good schools, it will rise a benign competition among the students and promote the mutual learning. World wide vision is very important. Some schools have elective class which more like a universitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; style. Some schools have universal communication

program with world wide schools which can provide students a chance to study abroad or International exchange project. In Beijing, council school is more popular. It is different from Shanghai which private schools are most expected by the parents. Parents prefer schools with small class session because they believe this makes every student gain more concer by the teacher.

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

Housing Price This mapping shows the relationship between housing rental prices and urban layout and school distribution.

Percent Of Non-Beijing Regiestration Population By Subdistrict It shows how schools affect the population composition. It become one of those forces which push and pull the texture of population composition in the city area.

Relationship Between Dwelling Area And School Location According to this diagram analysis, almost every large Residential area have one primary school in the middle of it.

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

Ring-Road Of Beijing & Travel Behaviors All of the Ring-road are highway build on viaduct which consist with many bridges. The Second Ring-road was city walls with gates in the past. After the wall has been demolished, some of the city gates are left behind as monuments.

The streets in Beijing is basically an orthogonal chessboard layout. People are adapt ot use these RingRoad as their preferred driving options when they want to go further. Thats the reason why there always be very heavy traffic on those Ringroad.

THE NORTH-EAST FORTH-RING ROAD

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

Instantaneous Vehicle Density (Per 50m x 50m) The desity shows exactly how ringroad affect the city travel context. Beijing implemented a temporary road space rationing policy, oddeven rationing policy, by allowing cars that have an even last number of their license plates to be able to drive on` roads in one day while the cars that have an odd last number of their license plates could go on

Everage Moving Speed (km/h) 2016 Drive 2020 Drive Bike Walk

Travel Travel Travel Travel Distance in Distance in Distance in Distance in 20 min 10 min 5 min 3 min (km) (km) (km) (km) 22 7.33 3.67 1.83 1.10 15 5.00 2.50 1.25 0.75 13 4.33 2.17 1.08 0.65 6 2.00 1.00 0.50 0.30

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

the road the next day. Other travel method must be considered as a family may take in some day when they can't drive out. The distance of school must be in an acceptable distace for walking.

Travel Travel Travel Everage Travel Moving Distance in Distance in Distance in Distance in 20 min 10 min 5 min 3 min Speed (mi) (mi) (mi) (mi) (mi/h) 13.67 4.56 2.28 1.14 0.68 9.30 3.10 1.55 0.78 0.47 8.07 2.69 1.35 0.67 0.40 3.72 1.24 0.62 0.31 0.19

School Served Area Diagram The mapping unit over lay the whole city to extract the area which have been sufficent servedl by primary schools. In a city which street is orthogonal chessboard layout, at the same speed, with the same length of time, in different directions, the travel trajectory can cover a diamond shape area.

If consider the uneven speed, nonorthogonal roads, waiting time for traffic lights, and other reasons, plus or minus those conditions' expenses or subsidies, the final shape approximated should be similar to the arc edge diamonds.

Schools Radiation range Drive in 5 minutes area Bike in 10 Minutes area Walk in 20 Minutes area

Schools Radiation range Drive in 3 minutes area Bike in 5 Minutes area Walk in 10 Minutes area

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

School Non-served Area Diagram Inverse of the mapping diagram. It shows the area not be well served which become a very important information for locate the site for this thesis project.

2.1 Urban Mapping Diagrams

Urban Problem Become Worse Problem in large cities become even serious.Not only the raffic are overcrowded, but also the classrooms of urban schools. The air condition in urban area is also becoming worse. The people in deep urbanized area are more expect get aviod of the urban life.

PRIMARY SCHOOL NAME

;,&+(1* <($5

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仅ጷ๖䭳ᆍჍ侻႕ᵐ ᱊ϛ㟠䭷㏾㏥ସ䨜ܵᵐ͋ᵐࡩᄾ႕䘗䭷㏾㏥͜႕ܵᵐᄾ႕䘗 ࡆጷ๖ດᄾ

NUMBER NUMBER OF TOTAL OF CLASS STUDENTS ENROLLMENT SESSIONS PER CLASS STUDENTS SESSION 6 16 4 10 6 4 16 4 9 8 4 4 2 8 6 4 6 4 10 18 8 8 11 6 3 4 7 8 6 4 4 4

45 45 43 42 41 41 41 41 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 37 36 36 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 34 32 30

270 720 172 420 246 164 656 164 360 320 160 160 80 320 240 160 240 160 400 666 288 288 385 210 105 140 245 280 210 136 128 120

4 10 5 10

40 37 37 37

160 370 185 370

PRIMARY SCHOOL NAME

NUMBER NUMBER OF TOTAL PLANENROLL OF CLASS STUDENTS ENROLLMENT MENT SESSIONS PER CLASS STUDENTS STUDENTS SESSION

&+$2<$1* <($5

4 (49 Total) ⌴ࡽ䭳ᄾ&%'ܵᵐ 28 બᇦᾬѝᗳሿᆖ йṑ४ +$,',$1 <($5

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8 5 (PLAN 4) 6 6 7 10 2 3 (PLAN 2) 16 6

40 43

160 1200

49 43 43 40 40 40 45 40 40 38 36

931 430 344 600 240 640 270 240 480 418 288

40 35 35 31 30+

200 210 280 250 90+

45 40 40 40 40 39 38 36 36 35 30

349 200+ 240 240 280 271 390 77 110 576 180 360 170 161 400

140 120 140 200

60 70 490 90 350 105 140

2.2 Overcrowded Schools

Map Of Overcrowed Schools This map shows a resarch of partial schools inner the ThirdRing Road about the numbers of new grade enrollment students and overcrowding situation. All the schools are under investigated are all appear the phenomenon that excessive of students number.

2.2 Overcrowded Schools

Fen Dou Primary School (Popular)

Zhong Guan Cun The First Primary School (Popular)

Yong An Li Primary School (Normal)

Administrative divisions: Xicheng 2017 The latest admissions - 8 Class Sessions, 40 Students per class Found in 1940 Teachers: 63

Administrative divisions: Haidian 2017 The latest admissions - 15 Class Sessions, 36-40 Students per class Found in 1949 Teachers: 300 Students: 5000 Classrooms: 117

Administrative divisions: Chaoyang Found in 1958 Teachers: 40 Students: 622 Classrooms: 16 Total area: 8244.8sqm Construction area: 6055.94 sqm Playground: 2922 sqm

Focus on cultivating students' specialty and innovative spirit, the school set up the aerospace, model aircraft, radio, robotics, astronomy, information technology, mathematical thinking training, plastic, Peking Opera, Go, aerobics and other nearly 20 characteristics of school-based curriculum. In 2003 the establishment of the International Department, with the qualifications of foreign students to recruit domestic and foreign, and with other countries to establish a friendly school.

School hardware facilities are complete, advanced teaching conditions. The classroom has an advanced multimedia teaching system. There are various computer rooms, artrooms, music rooms, labor classrooms, natural classrooms and other special classrooms. School to "small class teaching", "environmental education", "English characteristics" national research for the teaching characteristics, for students to create a relaxed, harmonious learning atmosphere.

Total area: 12500sqm Construction area: 15000 sqm 36 Classrooms, 400 sqm Playground, Computer classrooms, network classrooms, studio, library with large intensive collection of books, teachers and students newspaper reading room, teachers and students electronic reading room, multimedia classrooms, voice classrooms. Dining hall, swimming pools and indoor sports complex gym. Accommodating more than 600 beds of student dormitory apartment units, each with a student integrated activity room.

2.3 Primary Schools in Beijing

Qinghua University Affiliated Primary School (Second Popular)

Tuanjie Lake Primary School (Normal)

Renmin University Affiliated Experimental Primary School (Popular)

Administrative divisions: Chaoyang Found in 1954 Teachers: 325 Students: 4783 Classrooms: 123

Administrative divisions: Chaoyang Found in 2003 Teachers: 78 Students: 1000 Classrooms: 31 School area (including branches school): 19434.24 sqm

Administrative divisions: Haidian 2017 The latest admissions - 6 Class Sessions Found in 1984 Teachers: 71 Students: 1180 Classrooms: 31

Education is suitable for the development of students is the best education; school, family, social combination of education is innovative education; comprehensive improvement of the overall quality of education is a successful educational philosophy.

School-based curriculum integration is divided into five categories: language courses, science courses, art courses, sports courses, training courses.

More than 500 square meters of garden-style library, open professional classroom "academic court", "water arts Fang" swimming pool, "caterpillar" inflatable table tennis and so on. Attached to the small teachers and students feel the colorful living space, bathed in a variety of school culture, enjoy a variety of colorful education, blooming teachers and students of the growth of happiness.

2.3 Primary Schools in Beijing

School yard are not well design which have a lot of space left behind with unreasonable use or useless. The building layout on the site haven't been well considered. Students of the classroom on the higher level usually not come outside to have a break because it takes time and energy to go down to reach the outdoor space. Every floor should have an open outdoor space for students to have a rest.

The playground are less used during the class break because it is far from the classroom with nothing on it and no place to sit. It isn't a comfortable place to stay. With concrete ground, during hot weather it is hot and sunlight buring, during cold weather it become cold and windy. With large amount of students in phsical education class at the same time the playgrond are tight and disturbing each other.

Classrooms are tight and doesn't have that much place to store students' personal belongings. Classrooms along the north side are less natural light all year round. With large amount of students, the corridor and staircases are very crowd. Some classrooms' window may be a concrete wall of another building.

Building program layout are unreasonable. Students walk to the teachers' office or teathers' go to begin a class spend a long distance and time. During rainny days it is very inconvinient walk from one to another building when teacher and students holding the books of all the classmates.

With large amount of students, the toilet are not enough, so schools build toilet separately from the classroom building. It takes a long time and inconvinient for students to go to restrooms during a short break. Actually, some school do this even before the school have been built in the past.

Parking lot are not well designed. School shuttle and cars of school faculties are park on the street or nowhere to park. School are not well design or prepared to fit in the urban area.

2.4 Nagative of Urban Schools

Research Summary

Diagrams Of Successful Primary School Urban primary school should provide children a higher education quality with its well designed indoor, outdoor space and advance education educational philosophy. It must provide a bright roomy space filled with natural lighting and fresh air flow. The outdoor space should big enough to carry all the school members and convenient for everyone approaching. The teaching space should be comfortable for children and teachers. The school should provide site, such as auditorium, for special event to increase the richly colorful school-life. The school should also contain intelligent mobile devices with broad network to improve the education. As the city urbanized

2.5 Precedents Summary

too much, the school should provide children a space close to nature. It also need to serve their daily life better with heath lunch and sufficient rest. To involve the mood for learning, it should have space to contain knowledge, such as library, lab, greenhouse, sand pool, swimming pool, Entertainment facilities, etc. It also need to provide enough space for transportation and vehicles and pedestrian to fit the urban surroundings. According to those previous research, these digrams keeps their successful idea in mind.

Consider Space As A Teacher

Claim Space

Open Classrooms

Parents, peers and the space are the three teachers of children. Create spaces that have their own unique ability to contribute of learning. Open, well-designed schools in every corner, so that children in the open environment happy to learn, cooperate with each other, interact with each other.(Reggio Emilia Approach)

Where is there underutilized space in your classroom that can be repurposed to support learning think about adding two available spaces by removing desk or file cabinets. It also can define space with different levels of privacy to satisfy the different needs of students.

The space connected that also create a visual connection for the students. It also connect movement with learning. An open environment not only helps students communicate but also helps them get more motivation and inspiration through others.

Think Flexibility And Agility

Add Writable Space

Remove clutter

Create an environments that can be reshaped quickly to meet a wide variety of learning condition.

Consider adding writable surfaces on walls index provide individual white boards for brainstorming and the problem solving.

Classroom should not visually overwhelming. It is good to reduced amount of materials on classroom walls to prevent over simulation.

2.5 Precedents Summary

Public Space

Effective Space

The space should be effectively defined, public space is very important as it becomes the main intersection. Public spaces can have different properties, such as open library for students and teachers set up a meeting or a lecture.

The open space should be easily reached for every single space. Spaces should be effectively connected. Not too large or too complex that make children confused, or too small that every one feel too tight.

Space Quality

Use Perimeter

Promote Movement

Space quality decide whether it is friendly to children or not. Instead of having a very deep height dorp then connected by narrow stairs, gental and wider steps and gradually changing height is more reasonable choice for a school.

Focus on the perimeter of classrooms where children stand or sit on high chairs to collaborate. Also, the same method can be used on floor hight to creat more visual connection that promote more communication of students.

Kids learn better when they are on active. Design classroom environments that promote movement. The movement also suggest more physical exercise.

2.5 Precedents Summary

Natural Light Space for children need to be clean and bright, the best light source is natural light. Make sure the natural light can effective touch children at any corner of school that no one will be left behind.

Use Children Dimension

Convenience And Easy

Add Color

Spaces and furniture should perfect design for the children scale that provide a friendly environment for them.

It is important to provide enough space for students' personal need.

Move beyond belge Adding color is a easy and affordable way to make spaces more interesting and engaging.

Protection And Isolation

Create Digital Spaces

Invitation

If the surroundings are not well, the school need to create a space that insulate these bad environment.

Connect a student to a classroom in the cloud to add another dimension to the physical space.

Design space so that when learners enter the space informed them of the intent of learning about to occur.

2.5 Precedents Summary

Site Analysis

Site And Context Analysis

3.0 Site Analysis

Beijing Sunlight Diagram Winter 26°34' Spring and Fall 50° Summer 73°26'

Beijing And San Francisco Temprature And Precipitation Comparison With comparison of Beijing and San Francisco's climate, it is easier to get the idea of how climate will influence the architecture between these two city.

3.1 Climate Study

Tianning Temple

The tower rebuildt as a brick-wood structure was burned in 11191120 A.D. During 1271-3648, Yuan Dynasty, Tianning temple was totally burned down.

Now it becomes a cultural relics protection units. The height of the tower is 57.8 meters. Tianning Temple have a long history. However, people are not that much respect with this historical temple as China have many historical remains which is more important and distant in history around.

It was re-built in Ming Dynasty in 1403, and was destroyed again at the end of Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty,1682 A.D., Tianning Temple was re-built.

I think it will be a way to bring the attention back to this area when building a new architure around it. The axis street become a large parking lot and fill with cars. I think

Tianning Temple was built during 471-476 A.D. Its main Structure is a wood tower to store the Relics.

3.2 Historical Buildings

the school should also design to change this situation and improve the bad condition of this street. The reason that I chose this site is willing to encourage China's elementary schools design to bear in mind with the respect of local history, and to disscuss a way of being a specialty of Chinese modern architecture.It will let the children never forget their cultural background which is given by their own national history when they study there.

Existing Condition

Removing The Wall

The existing school are two individual site. The wall block the activity that people who want to go to school have to travel around it to the gate. The road between these two school are overcrowed with people and parents' cars.

If these two existing school remove the wall to create a more open area and effectively connected, it will reduce a lot of useless travel activity and create larger accessable condition for this area.

The blue circle is where gethered most activity. Mostly are restaurant near the school where parents and children and other residents eat in morning, noon and night. Parents from further area drive here usually take their children eat in these restaurant before their children go to school. The parking area and street usually be stuck with traffic and people. Those schools in urban area are not well designed to fit the urban area.

The school space lift up and start from second level can still have a closure and safe space for the children. Then, instead of keep every one on the street, the ground level can become a nicer dorp and pick-up area for the parents and school bus. That reduce a lot of traffic pressure on the street and release the parking area around. The street will not become a large mess parking area. This is an urban school should do which unfortunately not happend on any urban school in Beijing or even in some other cities of China. Pick-up and dorp area should be considered in the urban school which the schools in surburb area can aviod that

3.3 Site Analysis Diagrams

Walking And Driving Accessibility

Shadow & Parking Lot

It shows the real accessibility of the reachable area by people walking and driving.

Shows the sunlight direction and affect. It Also including the original parking plan for this area - Tianning Temple District.

3.3 Site Analysis Diagrams

Existing School Dimension These two site are named Tianning Temple School & Attend A Day School Branch. New enrollment students: 320 & 240 Enrollment class sessions: 8&6 Students of each lass session: 40 & 40 Tolal students: 1920 & 1440 Building area: 10141 x 4 sf & 10145 X 5 sf per person: 21 sf & 35 sf School Yard: 60558 sf & 55380 sf

Existing School Serve Area According to the policy, these two existing schools serve this block which lives more than 4200 families. There are over 3300 children in this area who has been served by these two school.

3.3 Site Analysis Diagrams

Programs

Spatial And Functional Program Table and Diagrams

4.0 Programs

Program Introduction The size of programs are calculated by studying the precedents.

PROGRAM & USER GROUP

TOTAL AREA (SQFT)

PEOPLE

AREA PER PERSON

PROGRAM & USER GROUP

TOTAL AREA (SQFT)

ADMINISTRATION

4100

PEOPLE

AREA PER PERSON

MAIN SRRVICE OBJECT

83288

STUDENTS

72000

2400

MAIN LOBBY (RECEPTION & ADVISORY)

200

100

TEACHERS

4320

144

PRESIDENT

400

200 100

MEETING ROOM

600

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

400

LOCKER ROOM (FOR STUDENTS)

4688

2344

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS

500

RESTROOMS

1680

ACCOUNTING ROOM

400

SPECIAL CLASSROOM

22740

ARCHIVES ROOM

1600

200

SPECIAL TEACHER OFFICE

240

LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT

300

COMPUTER CLASSROOM

2500

100

RECEPTION ROOM

MULTI-MEDIA CLASSROOM

2000

100

MEETING ROOM

200

ART CLASSROOM

2000

100

RESTROOMS FOR ADMINISTRATION

MUSIC CLASSROOM

2000

100

SECURITY & MAINTENANCE

2200

NATURAL SCIENCE CLASSROOM

2000

100

SUPERVISOR

200

PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY CLASSROOM

2000

100

MECHANICAL & REPARING

600

100

AUDITORIUM + BACKSTAGE

9600

600

GUARD ROOM

400

RESROOMS

400

CLEANING & TOOL STORAGE

600

LIBRARY

4660

TRASH ROOM

400

200 40

BOOK COLLECTION

600

300

MEDICAL OFFICE

830

READING AREA

3600

300

NURSES' OFFICE

160

SERVICE OFFICE

240

LOCKER ROOM

STORAGE

100

NURSING ROOM

500

PHARMACY & STORAGE

100

RESTROOMS

20 30

RESTROOMS

120

FOOD PRODUCE & SERVE AREA

30100

MAIN KITCHEN

2000

100

SPORTS

26720

STORAGE (COLD STORAGE)

600

OUTDOOR SPROTS AREA

18000

600

DINNING HALL

24000

1200

INDOOR SPORTS AREA

4000

200

CAFETERIA

2000

100

SWIMMING POOL

4000

SHOPS(SNACKS & STUDY TOOL)

400

STORAGE

200

STORAGE FOR THE SHOP

100

RESTROOMS

520

RESTROOMS

1000

PARKING AREA

10460

120

FACULTIES' DEWLLING

3600

DWELLING FOR FACULTIES (UNITS)

3600

FACULTIES' PARKING AREA

2480

124

SCHOOL SHUTTLES

5000

500

PARENTS PICK UP

2480

124

DILIVERY AND TRASH SERVED AREA

500

4.0 Programs

Spatial Analysis Diagram This Circle Digram combine the relationship and scale of the program at the same time by using layout position and size.

4.1 Programs Diagram

Program Size Calculation After research, compare with those successful primary schools, every programs will get the most suitable solution of their size.

STANDARD OF SOUTH MELBOURNE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS NUMBER (AUSTRILIA) BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL WEST BRANCH BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL EAST BRANCH TOTAL SCHOOLYARD AREA

STANDARD OF VUC SYD (DENMARK) BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL WEST BRANCH BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL EAST BRANCH TOTAL SCHOOLYARD AREA

SCHOOL NAMES BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL WEST BRANCH 2012 BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL WEST BRANCH 2017 BEIJING PRIMARY SCHOOL EAST BRANCH VUC SYD SOUTH MELBOURNE PRIMARY SCHOOL

TEACHER NUMBER REQUIREMENT ZHONG GUANCUN THE FIRST PRIMARY SCHOOL RENMIN UNIVERSITY AFFILIATED EXPERIMENTAL PRIMARY SCHOOL QINGHUA UNIVERSITY AFFILIATED PRIMARY SCHOOL YONG ANLI PRIMARY SCHOOL TUAN JIE LAKE PRIMARY SCHOOL

1920 1440 3360 516364.8

STUDENTS NUMBER 1920 1440 3360 506822.4 BUILDING AREA (INDOOR AREA) sqft 42022 43687 47657 88264 91298

SHARED INDOOR AREA (SQFT PER STUDENT) 140.46 140.46 X

SHARED INDOOR AREA (SQFT PER STUDENT) 110.33 110.33 X

SHARED OUTDOOR AREA (SQFT PER INDOOR AREA (SQFT) STUDENT) 13.22 13.22 X

SHARED OUTDOOR AREA (SQFT PER INDOOR AREA (SQFT) STUDENT) 40.51 40.51 X

211833.6 158875.2 370708.8

PLAYGROUND BUILDING AREA (OUTDOOR AREA) (INDOOR AREA) sqm sqft 22604 3904 24756 3904 36569 4427 32411 8600 8596 8481

PLAYGROUND (OUTDOOR AREA) sqm 2100 2300 3397 3011 798

1000

TEACHERS' PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS 0.078

622

0.064

1180 5000 336

71 300 39

0.06 0.06 0.116

STUDENTS

269683.2 202262.4 471945.6

TEACHERS

OUTDOOR AREA (SQFT) 25382.4 19036.8 44419.2

OUTDOOR AREA (SQFT) 77779.2 58334.4 136113.6

STUDENTS

TEACHERS' PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS 0.078 0.078 X

TEACHERS 336 1920 1440 800 650

TEACHER'S

39 149 112 75 X

SCHOOL YARD 150 112 262

TEACHER'S

81940 62740 144680

SCHOOL YARD 150 112 262

81940 62740 144680

OTHER ADDITIONAL BUILDING AREA 5806 4185 9991

SHARED OUTDOOR SHARED INDOOR AREA (SQFT PER AREA (SQFT PER STUDENT) STUDENT) 67.27 125.07 22.75 12.89 33.10 25.40 110.33 40.51 140.46 13.22

4.2 Programs Data

Building Code Analysis Occupancy Types, Construction Types 1. The PROC - Primary and secondary school design specifications (Code for design of school GB 50099â&#x20AC;&#x201D;2011) Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Republic of China December 24, 2010 2. International Building Code Construction Type: Fire-Resistive Reinforced-Concrete. structures are constructed of concrete and protected steel (steel coated with a fire-resistant material, most often a concrete mixture), and are designed to hold fire for an extended amount of time in order to keep the fire at bay in the room and/or floor of origin.

4.3 Building Code Analysis

Site Model Scale: 1/32”=1’-0

5.0 Site Model

Massing Study Models Scale: 1/32â&#x20AC;?=1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-0

5.1 Massing Study Models

Bibliography Source of Research Data

5.2 Bibliography

Picture Sourses

Precident Refrences

Other Refrences

(Page 6, 12, 82, 83) Chinese Garden Design. http://www. jtyhgarden.com/m/view.php?aid=87. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

http://blog.163.com/sh_bobo/blog/ static/8210469420131141024480 7?suggestedreading. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

Jimmyw. Population Density of

(page 83) Spring Comes to Mountain. http:// www.zengallerychina.com/index. php?id=249. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

http://www.schoolbuildings. vic.gov.au/Pages/Schools/ South-MelbourneFerrars-St. aspx?Redirect=1. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

(Page 17) VUC Syd. http://www.archilovers. com/projects/108466/vuc-syd.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

http://www.schoolbuildings. vic.gov.au/Pages/Schools/ South-MelbourneFerrars-St. aspx?Redirect=1. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

(Page 21, 22) https://www.straitstimes.com/ singapore/education/finn-fun. Accessed 10 May. 2018. (Page 22 - 29) When you look at the space design of these schools, you know that the most advanced education in the world is a good example. https:// kknews.cc/zh-cn/design/3962mea. html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. (Page 30) Beijing CBD directly above. https:// www.vcg.com/creative/816670282. Accessed 10 May. 2018. (Page 42 - 43) Washington Post,Chinese people bluntly do not want to have a second child, adults and children are exhausted. http://www.acnw.com. au/article-48960-1.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. (Page 72, 73) http://www.tplm123.com/ picinfo-317357.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

com/viz/5b535e86-ec86-11e3be40-0e10bcd91c2b/public_map.

Code for design of primary and secondary school of People's Republic of China national standard. http://www.doc88.com/ p-8126872148939.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

http://www.dailytelegraph.com. au/news/nsw/skyscraper-schoolssydney-business-chamber-plansto-merge-schools-into-highrisebuildings-to-free-up-land-in-westernsydney/news-story/c44c0975717f1 8348dbc279c5850ed99. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

https://www.beijingcitylab.com/.

http://www.hayball.com.au/ projects/south-melbourne-primaryschool/?lang=zh-hans. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

AnnieBidgood/leveraging-olympic-

http://www.troldtekt.com/ Inspiration/References/Schoolsand-educational-buildings/VUCHaderslev. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

Accessed 20 Sep 2017. https://readcities.com/page/2/. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. https://www.slideshare.net/ investments-at-the-2008-beijingolympic-park. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. https://geohey.com/apps/dataviz/2f dcf9c298b9447a8ff7ba528a3243fd/ share?ak=ZmYzNmY0ZWJhYjcwN

http://hertzbergertca.blogspot. co.uk/2009/10/montessori-collegeoost-amsterdam.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. http://contextbd.com/verticalschool-reimagining-learning-spacebuet/. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=15 65147512769321&wfr=spider&for= pc. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. https://d3jc3ahdjad7x7.cloudfront. net/vp2mUkWQXETvJGkqQtY9BLy waWDktlocugml3xiboM5uOxBg.pdf. Accessed 20 Sep 2017.

Beijing City. https://jimmyw.carto.

GU2ZGExNDgxMWUxNmZiOWNhN GY. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. https://www.chinahighlights.com/ beijing/weather.htm. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. Code for design of primary and secondary school of People's Republic of China national standard. http://www.doc88.com/ p-8126872148939.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2017. Jimmyw. Population Density of Beijing City. https://jimmyw.carto. com/viz/5b535e86-ec86-11e3be40-0e10bcd91c2b/public_map. 20 Sep 2017.

5.2 Bibliography

Thesis Project Abstract Further Study Of The Developed Concept Architecture with landscape thought based on traditinal Chinese garden design that shows the respect for the site.

6.0 Thesis Project Abstract

Chinese Artificial Mountain In Gardens The traditional chinese garden designâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thought have condensed the inheritance of 5,000 years of Chinese artisans.

Chinese Artificial Mountains The artificial mountain need to folllow those rules: Reduce the artificial texture cause by the tools while sculpturing. It need to include several elements such as wired rocks, cliff, multiple stacked rocks, deep valley, mountian stream, spring water, reef ocean.It should create a wild landscape scene in a limited space.

6.0 Thesis Project Abstract

Chinese Artificial Bring Natural Feeling To Yard The traditional chinese garden design try to bring the natural landscape view and environment to the normal family by using artifical mountain and lake as an architectural element.

6.0 Thesis Project Abstract

Chinese Artificial Mountain Craft Principle Three distance of views illustrate how they capture the feeling of natural landscape view.

Distance of The Height

Distance of The Depth

Distance of The Horizon

The artificial mountain should capture the same feeling when people stand on the foot of a real mountain looking at the top. That let people feel like the aritificial higher than what they thought, though it may not be very high.

The artificial mountain should have a series of changing with depth to creat “foreground” and “back ground” which provide the real mountain have.

The artificial mountain would include several mountains to create a wild natrual feeling which simulate a scene look into the distance mountains from a closer mountain.

6.0 Thesis Project Abstract

Development Models

Further Study Models Based on Massing Study

6.1 Development Models

Original Stacked Concept Model

Orthogonal Square Evolution

Rotate Rectangular Evolution

6.1 Development Models

Separate Othogonal Tower

6.1 Development Models

Square And Rectangular Rotate

Ellipse Stacked Evolution

Site Plan

Models And Hand Sketches

6.2 Site Plan

Floor Plans

Models And Hand Sketches

6.3 Floor Plans

Basement Plan The basement have the main kitchen which support the hole school.

6.3 Floor Plans

1st Floor Plan The school yard become a open plaza for the citizen to path through and enjoy. The inward part of the building are very open which connect the inner yard with the park. Every floor with every yard have a locker area for teacher and kids to store their personal or class teaching supply. All the doors only appear on the glass-wall which always inside of the yard, that can keep the exterior wall clear.

6.3 Floor Plans

2nd Floor Plan The ramp start from the street level and continue smoothly going up to the higher yard. When people come in with the ramp, they keep passing through those spaces have organic shape with variety spactial qualities. As people walking up, it feels like they are walking on a pathway into the mountain. The variety yards with plants occurs one by one along both side. Also, they will find that the study spaces and lecture spaces are already melting with the nature in every yard.

6.3 Floor Plans

3rd Floor Plan The openning on the floor that create a visual and light spread connect to the lower level. Some openning also have fancy staircase connect to the lower level. When kids walk up the staircase, they find more sky-yards with variety of plants.

6.3 Floor Plans

4th Floor Plan This level of the main tower have five sky-yards, two of them is open to the air. One of these two open yards are green house which can provide a place for kids rise animals, such as rabbit and frogs, or plants. That can provide them a chance to touch the nature and do some observation to build up the undersanding and interets of biology. The other schools in Beijing urban area are also have same roject, however, itthese usually happend inside a classroom.

6.3 Floor Plans

5th Floor Plan This level have more half-closure spaces that will be lecture hall with multi-media devices, such as computers.

6.3 Floor Plans

6th Floor Plan On this level have there yards, and each of them has different function. From left to right, the function are open sports yard, dinning and lourge yard, lecture yard. This three yard are enough for kidsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; daily school life.

6.3 Floor Plans

7th Floor Plan On this level, there are spaces for physical exercises courses. there are only two yards on this level which will have less people and less noise. If teacher want to have a quiet space to teach, this level is a better place.

6.3 Floor Plans

8th Floor Plan The top yard of this building is a large yard with path way along the landscape which is a enjoyable and quiet space to have a jogging.

6.3 Floor Plans

Building Sections Cross and Transverse

6.4 Building Sections

South-northern Section This section cut through the main tower to show how the ramp start from the street level and goes to the higer level.

6.4 Building Sections

East-western Section This section shows how openning on the floor bring the nature light into the other spaces vertically.

6.4 Building Sections

100

Elevations Two Elevations

6.5 Elevations

101

East Elevation Elevation of the Artificial mountain after several years. The plants in the Sky-yard grows out and Ivy climbing on the exterior wall.

South Elevation Artifical Mountain sit with the Pagoda that create a larger version of traditinal chinese basin miniature.

102

6.5 Elevations

103

104

Wall Section

Wall Section of a critical area show in partical elevation (From Foundation To Roof)

6.6 Wall Section

105

Wall Sections It shows the contrast of the massive exterior and open interior. The accessable openings on exterior wall are also in irregular shape in order to match the idea of holes. The door only installed on the exterior window wall that will keep the idea of the exterior wall clear.

106

6.6 Wall Section

6.7 Partical Elevation

107

108

Details

Four Building Details of Critical Areas

6.8 Details

109

SKY YARD AREA

WATERPROOF MEBRINE STEEL MESH CONCRETE CLADDING

COUNTERFLASHING PIECES STEEL REBAR CONCRETE GREEN YARD WATERPROOF MEBRINE PRIMER GROWING MEDIUM

FILTER FABRIC

RESERVOIR LAYER (AGGREGATE)

MOISTURE RETENTION LAYER

AREATION LAYER

DRAINAGE LAYER

RIGID BOARD INSULATION SEALANT CANT ROOT BARRIER

PROTECTION COURSE TAPERED CONCRETE

SAND

TRACK AND FRAME SLIDING GLASS DOOR WATERPROOF MEBRINE

GRAVEL CONCRETE FOUNDATION

SEWER

WOOD RAILING WOOD EXTERIOR FLOOR GLASS

PEDESTAL

WATERPROOF MEBRINE

ALUMINUM FRAME

110

6.8 Details

Sustainability Strategy

Narrative and diagrammatic representation of how sustainability aspects are applied to the project

7.0 Sustainability Strategy

111

Water Collection and Geothermal Heat Pump This build create many open yard towards sky which will gathering a lot of water that can be recycled and then use for the geothermal heat pump or irrigate plants. The concrete materials are very well work with the geothermal heat pump that keep the building always as same as the ground temperature.

People Activities Diagram As one large school yard split to several small yards and lifted up to sky. It is possible to remove the original wall and let the pedestrain pass through which create more accessable area and space for the public. The ground level becomes a park return to the citizen that everyone can take the benefit of it. The kids are sitll be safe in their private yard.

112

7.0 Sustainability Strategy

Ramp And Yards Diagram The ramp is not only for the ADA accessable requirement, it is also a smooth road for people to have a walk or jogging. The ramp meander up through those yards with beautiful natural scenery along the way that makes it become the most popular path for the daily use of everybody. The Ramp sometimes touch the window wall to get closer to the open yard, sometimes dirll into the center of the yard, sometimes near the vertical openings to create an opportunity of viewing the top level or lower level. This idea come from the Chinese artificial landscape principle.

Ramp And Program Diagram The ramp rap around and gently touch almost every program in those yards. It sometimes help to define the spaces.

7.0 Sustainability Strategy

113

114

Egress Diagram Staircases Principle

Staircase will always attach to the wall which is also the stucture of the building. That helps the building get rid of the egress stair-core, and release the space for other program in the center. The Ribbon-wall structure can load the whole building with out any floor slab, so floor slab can have many vertical connections and flexiable shapes.

7.1 Egress Diagram

115

Egress Stair Diagram In order not to have an egress stair-core which always occupy a large mount area and release the spaces for other function, the stair decide to go along the exterior wall in every floor. According to the international building code, it must has a landing before staircases rise over 12 feet. Also, the ceiling height must be higher than 7â&#x20AC;&#x2122;6â&#x20AC;?. Based on the code and the rotation of the yard, the egress staircases become what it is now. It continue spiral down to the ground level without occupy so much spaces. After the wall of egress stair become a very organic shape, it almost melting with the interior atmosphere and not that noticeable. The purpose of this egress stair design is try everything that possible to reduce its occupancy of the interior space.

116

7.1 Egress Diagram

Ramp And Vertical Spaces The ramp connected all the glass elevator in every yard. Except the egress, there are many fancy stairs for daily use. As the exterior wall have many holes on it, the egress stair also very bright and enjoyable to use.

7.1 Egress Diagram

117

Egress Stair Diagram Actually, the whole building can be treated as five individual tower. All of them are exactly the same. Each of them have enough evacuation access to the ground level. As this five tower stacked together they also can help each other for evacuation because it create more chioces.

118

7.1 Egress Diagram

Structural Diagrams

Column Placement, Grids, Frames, Bearing vs Non-Bearing Walls

7.2 Structural Diagrams

119

Sructure Diagram This diagram chose one single tower as a sample to explain the principle. The main structre are these “squre frames”, made of reinforcedconcrete, stack from top to bottom. With triangular cross section, those wall can effectively resist shear and twist force when they work as large beams at the same time. The floor slab can be release from the main load structure and become a secondary structure. The floor slabs are also made of reinforced-concreete. They will be mounted with the “square frame”. This stucture make it possible to have holes on the floor slab as they are not main structure, so it also provide the opportunity for variety vertical spaces. These rotation of each “square frames” are the same. These rotation will create more than 3 landing point between two “square frames” in order to create a stable support for each of them.

120

7.2 Structural Diagrams

Sructure And Egress Stair The rotation angle of each yard is 60°. After test several different angle, 60° is proved to be a very reasonable, convenient calculation and effective number. If the angle smaller than 60°, such as 15°; 30°; 45°, there will be many sharp and narrow spaces created by the wall of egress stairs, and the yard on the top will cantilever too much as the tower tilt very much. If the angle be larger, such as 75°; 90°, the stacking will almost close to orthogonal that will have very few landing point between two “square frames” that makes the tower impossible to stand. The egress staircases and the structure works together that determined the final form of this tower.

Priciple Of Stacking Towers The Main building are consist of five single towers. These single towers stacked horizontally after rotation. The rotation of each tower is determined by size of connection, egress staircases position and so on. They are all carefully rotated to aviod the situation that egress stair blocking the connection between two single towers.

7.2 Structural Diagrams

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The “Ribbon System” As all the single towers stacked horizontally, the “square frames” are connected to become a continuous zigzag wall. These wall wrap around the whole level and create a closed cycle like “ribbon”. Also, they support each other from bottom to the top work as a system. Each tower actually rised up 3’ than the prevous one in order to keep the squre yard idea clear from the exterior and create the vertical height changes for the landscape. As the ceiling height is 15’, after five times rise up, the 6th yard will exactly on top of the fist yard which create a possibility to have all the yard connected and continuely spiral up to the top. However, this design break the connection because of the need of natural light. The rise also help to maintain the integrity of the “square frames” structure. That makes the tower still be stable.

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7.2 Structural Diagrams

Mechanical Diagrams Basement Machanical Space Pipes and electronic line from basement machanical space will travel along the staircase of five towers to every yard.

7.3 Mechanical Diagrams

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3.01 Presentation Model One Complete Presentation Model

8.0 Presentation Model

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8.0 Presentation Model

Renderings

2 Exteriors Persective & 2 interior Perspective in color

8.1 Renderings

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Exterior Render Stand inside the Sky-yard in the morning.

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Interior Render The open study space melting with the exterior Sky-yard.

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Interior Render Ramp pass by the open lecture hall.

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Exterior Render The two site connected with a park on the small hill. This is a render during the sunset.

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Acknowledgements Mark Mueckenheim, Yim Jew, Alberto Bertoli, David Gill, Keith Plymale, Eric Reeder, Maria Paz De Moura Castro, Mark Cruz, Mark Myers, Fumio Suda. Thank you for helping me build up my base of Architecture. Peter Suen, Madeline Hartzell, Jonathan Odom, Donaldson Douglas. Thank you for training my skills and knowledge of Architecture Software. Dora Jones, James Mallery, Hyrne Clarke, Wynn Newberry, Elizabeth Tippin. Thank you for teaching me Language and Architecture History. Benjamin Corotis, Carl Wilford, Clifford Minnick. Thank you for building up my knowledge of Structure and Engineering. Mary Scott. Thank you for teaching me the skills and the knowledge of Graphic Design.

Jing Zhang