Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping 4th
Edition by Santos
ISBN 1506331033
9781506331034
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1) A GIS uses three types of features to represent objects and locations in the real world points, lines, and polygons which are more generally known as:
a. Raster data
b. GIS data
c. Vector data
d. Aerial data
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: under the heading Vector Data
Difficulty Level: Easy
2) A vertical photograph taken from a satellite or an airplane that is digitized and placed within the appropriate coordinates is an example of:
a. Raster data
b. GIS data
c. Vector data
d. Aerial data
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: under the heading Raster Data
Difficulty Level: Easy
3) Due to the earth being round, there are certain adjustments to the data files as they are incorporated into the software and used for analysis in a GIS to depict geographic data in a flat format. What are these adjustments called?
a. Vectors
b. Coordinate systems
c. Scales
d. Projections
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Projections
Difficulty Level: Medium
4) All but one of the following are steps in the geocoding process:
a. Data entry of crime and address data
b. Preparing the geographic and tabular files
c. Specifying geocoding preferences
d. Matching within the GIS
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Getting Events on a Map
Difficulty Level: Medium
5) Which type of mapping do police agencies use to communicate the locations of drug distribution corners to police personnel?
a. Single-symbol mapping
b. Graduated color mapping
c. Chart mapping
d. Density mapping
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading Single-Symbol Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
6) A specified area around a feature on a map that can be set at small or larger distances.
a. Polygons
b. Density areas
c. Buffers
d. None of the above
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: under the heading Buffers
Difficulty Level: Easy
7) This is a type of mapping in which the sizes of the symbols reflect how many cases were reported.
a. Single-symbol mapping
b. Graduated color mapping
c. Graduated sized mapping
d. Density mapping
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading Graduated Mapping
Difficulty Level: Easy
8) Which type or map would a crime analyst use to display incidents of robbery, assault and rape that occurred in a particular area during the same period of time?
a. Buffers
b. Graduated sized map
c. Chart Map
d. Interactive Map
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading Chart Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
9) A type of mapping in which a simplified geographic information system is made available to novice users over the Internet.
a. Web-enabled mapping
b. Internet GIS
c. Customized crime mapping
d. Interactive crime mapping
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: under the heading Interactive Crime Mapping
Difficulty Level: Easy
10) A type of mapping that does not limit does not limit the analyst to examination of predetermined areas, but shows how incidents cluster and concentrate across space.
a. Single-symbol mapping
b. Graduated color mapping
c. Graduated sized mapping
d. Density mapping
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Analytical Mapping: Density Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
11) The following is not true about mapping by category:
a. Categories are typically displayed on a map either as different types of symbols or as symbols in different colors or degrees of shading
b. Variables such as race, sex, method of entry, point of entry, weapon used are most appropriate for these types of maps
c. Single symbol mapping is primarily used in mapping by category
d. Graduated size point mapping is primarily used in mapping by category
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: under the heading Crime Mapping Techniques
Difficulty Level: Hard
12) Which mapping classification is MOST appropriate in mapping robbery locations over the last year to get a sense of the data distribution?
a. Natural Breaks
b. Equal Interval
c. Quantile
d. Standard Deviation
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under ther heading By Statistical Classification
Difficulty Level: Hard
13) Which mapping classification is MOST appropriate in mapping robbery locations over the last year to get a sense of the data distribution?
a. Density Mapping
b. Equal Interval
c. Quantile
d. Standard Deviation
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading Analytical Mapping: Density Mapping
Difficulty Level: Hard
14) Which mapping classification is MOST appropriate in determining whether police beats have similar amounts of crime?
a. Natural Breaks
b. Equal Interval
c. Quantile
d. By Category
e. Density
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading By Statistical Classification
Difficulty Level: Hard
15) Which mapping classification is MOST appropriate in determining areas with significantly higher number of auto thefts?
a. Natural Breaks
b. Equal Interval
c. Standard Deviation
d. Custom
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading By Statistical Classification
Difficulty Level: Hard
1) Geocoding is a seven-step process that is used to bring primary and geographic data together for mapping.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Getting Events on a Map
Difficulty Level: Medium
2) Two ways of locating tabular data on maps are matching records to parcel data and using latitude and longitude.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: under the heading Getting Events on a Map
Difficulty Level: Hard
3) A GIS uses four types of vector data to approximate real-world elements: points, lines, areas, and images.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Vector Data
Difficulty Level: Easy
4) Quantile is the only statistical mapping classification used for all three map features. Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Methods for Descriptive Crime Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
5) Graduated mapping can be utilize size or color differences to indicate changes in the data.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: under the heading Graduated Mapping
Difficulty Level: Easy
6) For categorical and statistical mapping classifications, break points are determined based on the uniqueness of the database being analyzed and are not comparable between different databases.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading By Statistical Classification
Difficulty Level: Hard
7) In mapping, using different numbers of categories typically yields similar results. Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading By Statistical Classification
Difficulty Level: Medium
8) Analysts should rely on the default settings of GIS software.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Classification Guidelines and Summary
Difficulty Level: Medium
9) An inherent problem with density mapping is the fact that it doesn’t account for incidents occurring outside of the city boundaries (i.e., border bias).
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: under the heading Analytical Mapping: Density Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
10) When using either vector or raster data in GIS, it is unnecessary to make adjustments to the data files because GIS depicts geographic data in a round 3D form. Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Projections
Difficulty Level: Easy
11) In single-symbol maps, individual uniform symbols represent features
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Single-Symbol Mapping
Difficulty Level: Easy
12) The term interactive crime mapping does not refer to a type of mapping; rather, it refers to simplified geographic information systems made available to novice users over the Internet.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Interactive Crime Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
13) Crime analysts take two distinct approaches to the spatial analysis of crime and disorder problems: interactive and graduated mapping.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Crime Mapping Techniques
Difficulty Level: Medium
14) Crime analysts use categorical, statistical, and manual methods in displaying data and statistics in graduated-size and graduated-color maps
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading By Category/By Classification
Difficulty Level: Medium
15) In density mapping, crime analysts use the exact coordinates of incidents to determine concentrations of incidents that are not limited to predetermined areas.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: under the heading Analytical Mapping: Density Mapping
Difficulty Level: Medium
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Think about developing a map to demonstrate areas of risk for residential burglary? To conduct this type of analysis, what type of data would be needed? What type of map would be appropriate? Discuss the benefits and limitations of the type of map you chose.
The chapter discusses a variety of descriptive methods crime analysts might use. Discuss key issues that crime analysts need to consider when using these methods.
Think about a type of crime that might be explained using a density map. Describe the process of creating this density map explaining the specific data and steps for your example.