Jhett Johnson, Architectural Portfolio

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO J HETT JOHNSON 2 020-CURRENT

Contents Studio Diaphanous: Federal Courthouse in Toledo, OH Soaring Contrivance: Aviation Musuem in Bozeman, MT

Graphics

Fall 2023: Use of Rhino, Revit, Grasshopper and Photoshop Fall 2022: Analog Techniques, Photoshop and Illustrator

Diaphanous: A new annex of the Toledo United States Courthouse, Toledo, OH Jhett Johnson and Devinn Paine Fall 2023 ARCH 355: Shaping Justice James Park, Ph.D. School of Architecture Montana State University

Being built in the early 1900s, the existing courthouse lacks adequate security and space (especially in regards to the public). It was at this point that the design wanted to create a celebrated public space in the annex building. The turning of courtrooms started to create voids of space that could be populated to show the existing courthouse as well as create a public level that was very delicate and open. If not for this step, most of the design could not have been pushed further due to the lack of space. In regards to the ground floor plan, the lighter gray shows the restricted circulation and an explanation of the different types of elevators, their need, use, and reasoning behind it. For the courtroom floor plan the big emphasis is on the public circulation (colored in a lighter gray) and how you are able to move through this building as a public person, restricted person, and secure person. The idea of shaping justice, as an architect, is the idea of allowing all types of people to feel less intimidated and a space that isn’t necessarily just a courthouse. A public space that can be celebrated as architecture as well as serving the purpose of being a legal space that follows rules and regulations. It is a dance that is very methodical but also has glimpses of allowing for free design.

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

WAYNE N. ASPINALL FEDERAL COURTHOUSE CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

GRAND JUNCTION

UNITED STATES

THE BECK GROUP

2010

48,000

1

3

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

High Court of Doaui-Extension Project

FRONT ENTRANCE

EXTERIOIR

LOBBY

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

SPRINGFIELD UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

Douai

France

Hamonic + Masson & Associes

2019

19375

2

2

MONTMORENCY

FRANCE

DOMINIQUE COULON & ASSOCIES

2013

22,712

2

3

SPRINGFIELD, MA

UNITED STATES

SAFDIE ARCHITECTS

2008

162,000

4

3

The High court of Doaui extension project was built on to the previously existing High Court.

Built betwen the rive and the city this courthouse has a strong identity. The challenge of this extension was to give sense and coherence to the project. The stalks of the project are cleary expressed by giving a new identity and finding an architectural unit and cohearance, starting from the hertiage of 1714 and an extension of 1978. Simplicity and readability of the builing and the clear functioning of its departments are part of the expressed identity in this project.

The duality of the building puts in tension voids, hollows and offers great spacial quality. This project was built in repsones to the surounding landscape. It is the revealer, the crossroads of various constituent elements of the site.

Exterior street view

Exterior view from water

NORTH EAST EXTERIOR

HALLWAY OF WINDOWS

SKYLIGHT GEOMETRY

EXTERIOR

GLASS COURTYARD

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

Salt Lake City, Utah

United States

Thomas Phifer and Partners

2014

224,996

10

10

Exterior view

Close up of exterior

Celebrated Staircase

The design of the new United States Courthouse in Salt Lake City emanates from our search for a form that is strong, iconic, transparent, and metaphorically egalitarian as a symbol of the American judiciary system. The resulting cubic mass of the new courthouse, like the monumental buttes of southern Utah, is just such a primary form, projecting grounded dignity, immovable order, and an equal face to all sides. The 400,000 square foot, 10-story courthouse resides in a garden setting on a level terrace encompassing the entire city block including an existing, historic Federal Courthouse. This garden terrace unites the two courthouses in a public-access amenity for the downtown area of Salt Lake City while establishing a required federal security setback from the street.

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ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

Salt Lake City United States Courthouse

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STAIRS

GLASS COURTYARD

[CAPTION]

EXTERIOR SKIN

The US Courthouse stands in Springfield as a testament to the city’s post-industrial revitalization, to the federal government’s efforts to promote excellent design, and to Moshe Safdie and his firm’s creative and bold design approach. Safdie Architects adapted its groundbreaking postmodern style to problems that both the site and guidelines for federal courthouse design and construction imposed upon the project. The resulting structure demonstrates innovative contemporary design through elegantly curving colonnade, sweeping glass expanses, and a sun-filled courtyard. The building is organized around the progression of public to private with a public entry and circulation spine, with individual courtrooms radially organized off the spine, and a separate linked building for the judge’s chambers.

The Regional Court and Industrial Tribunal at Montmorency is located in Montmorency, France. Brick was chosen as a material for majority of the facade to enable the building to blend in with its closer surroundings. The entrance breaks from symmetrical composition of court buildings. It consists of a lateral hollow on the main facade. From the outside the entrance is more modest in scale, but once inside the lobby is three stories high with high placed natural lighting. This space provides natural light and a view to the public lobby and both courtrooms.

An oak tree is planted in the soil, with glass walls wrapped around it, symbolising that justice is planted in the soil. The intention was to provide a soothing, calm atmosphere to counteract tension that commonly exits in courtrooms.

SOUTH EXTERIOR

Courtroom CIRCULATION SPACE

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

REGIONAL COURT AT MONTMORENCY

CITY

The Wayne N. Aspinall US Federal Courthouse is a historical retstoration project that sets the precedent for all future building preservation projects. In 1918, architect James Wetmore designed a postoffice that has since morphed into a federal courthouse in the town of Grand Junction, Colorado. As a dialogue between complementary, contemporary, and carefully preserved, this project is woven with historic fabric and strengthened by the energy efficiency of the future. Where the 2030 goal to achieve net-zero emissions is a big reach for so many building projects, this courthouse has acieved the standard nearly 20 years early. Throughout the restoration, The Beck Group preserved and revealed original artwork, staircases, and windows, all while making a 100 year-old building LEED Platinum certified.

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

DURHAM CONSOLIDATED COURTHOUSES

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

OSHWA

CANADA

WZMH ARCHITECTS

2010

136,654

33

6

AMSTERDAM

THE NETHERLANDS

KAAN ARCHITECTEN

2020

647,987

50

10

Courthouse Amsterdam is located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and replaces the old courthouse on Parnassusweg in Amsterdam.

It is the largest of the eleven courthouses in the Netherlands with 50 individual courtrooms, 1000+ staff, and 140,000 verdicts per year. It has large windows in the lower half of the building for views from the street on the inside. While large in size, the building is open and inviting.

Many sectional cuts through the floors and ceilings allow for visitors to look between floors.

The building and city merge at the entrance that is furnished with a south facing square that takes up a quarter of the courthouse site. The square is a public square as a gesture to the city giving not only courthouse visitors and staff a place to relax, but everyone in the area.

The Durham Consolidated Courthouses was a project aiming to expand the comfort and transparency of modern courthouses. The abundance of glazing is meant to allow for transparency as well as allow in natural daylight to decrease stress and a feeling of being boxed in. This courthouse also utilized a modern courtroom arrangement called the “Back to Back Method” in this method the courtrooms are placed back to back with a spine of secure circulation space to allow for quick and easy movement for the judges and other courtroom staff. This building also has a very low energy consumption that is 42% less than the National Energy Code. It sits on a 3.9 acre site in the middle of downtown and creates a beautiful glass gateway to the center of Oshwa.

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ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

COURTHOUSE AMSTERDAM

CITY

MAIN ENTERANCE

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VIEW FROM THE STAND

[CAPTION]

GLAZING DETAILING ALONG THE FRONT

VIEW FROM THE PUBLIC

VIEW OF THE STAND

SOUTH EXTERIOR

COURTYARD EXTERIOR

HALLWAY OF WINDOWS

SKYLIGHT GEOMETRY

EXTERIOR SKIN

PRESERVED ARTWORK

COURTROOM

[COURTROOM]

Courtroom 2

HALLWAY

PUBLIC SPACE

COURTROOM 1

PUBLIC SPACE 2

COURTROOM 2

COURTROOM

COURTROOM ENTRANCE

Courtroom

Public area

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN 1/32 SCALE

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TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN “1/32 scale

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VIEW OF PUBLIC CIRCULATION SPACE

COURTROOM 1

COURTROOM 2

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

VIEW OF THE MAIN ENTERANCE AND SECURITY AREA

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TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN 1/32 scale

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN 1/32 SCALE

3D DIAGRAMS [“at 1/16 scale, do not worry about graphical scale“]

COURTROOM PLAN

[DISTRICT] COURTROOM PLAN

88TH DISTRICT COURT | COURTROOM PLAN 1/8 SCALE

DISTRICT COURTROOM PLAN “1/8 scale

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAM

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[DISTRICT] COURTROOM PLAN 1/8 scal

COURTROOM PLAN

THE NETHERLANDS DISTRICT COURT | COURTROOM PLAN 1/8 SCALE

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAM

3D DIAGRAMS

SECTION 1

COURTROOMS AND PROTECTED CORRIDOR AROUND THE GARDEN

ENTRANCE AND CIRCULATION

SECTION 2

COURTYARD AND ZONING DIAGRAMS

SECTION

Byard, Paul Spencer. 2006. “Reading the Architecture of Today’s Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Norton.

“Wayne Aspinall Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Grand Junction, CO.” GSA, www.gsa.gov/real-estate/historic-preservation/explore-historic-buildings/find-a-building/all-historic-buildings/wayne-aspinall-federal-building-and-us-courthouse-grand-junction-co. Accessed 9 Sept. 2023.

Greene, Frank. 2006. “The Image of Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Notrton.

McGill University Library. “The Moshe Safdie Archive , US Federal Courthouse, Springfield.” Cac.mcgill.ca, 2008, cac.mcgill.ca/moshesafdie/fullrecord.php?ID=10853&d=1#:~:text=The%20courthouse%20contains%20four%20courtrooms%20and%20forms%20a.

SafdieArchitects. “United States Federal Courthouse.” Www.safdiearchitects.com, 2008, www.safdiearchitects.com/projects/united-states-federal-courthouse.

“Wayne N. Aspinall Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse.” Wayne N. Aspinall Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse | AIA Top Ten, 1 Feb. 1970, www.aiatopten.org/node/367.

US District Court. “History & Architecture: Springfield United States Courthouse | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.” Www.mad.uscourts.gov, www.mad.uscourts.gov/history/history-springfield.htm.

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

PALACIO DE JUSTICA DE GOUVEIA CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

GOUVEIA

PORTUGAL

BARBOSA GUIMARAES ARCHITECTS

2010

710,000

1

3

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

JOHN M. ROLL FEDERAL COURTHOUSE CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

YUMA

UNITED STATES

EHRLICH ARCHITECTS

2013

60,000

2

2

The Palacio de Justicia de Gouveia is a beautiful project set in Gouveia Portugal. The building rests on four large pillars with the main entry coming from its underside. Its monolithic form and volume from white concrete creates an air of dignity and symbolism as the court house rises above the plaza. The impressive entry staircase enters into the main lobby and foyer that spans the entire length of the building.

There is intense use of nature and plants in the project as well, with the courthouse being placed between two public gardens and using its own trees, bushes, and plants planted around the outside and in the underside. This project also contains an underground parking garage placed directly under the building with access from the surrounding parks and streets.

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

POINT A PITRE PALACE OF JUSTICE CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

POINT-A-PITRE

GUADELOUPE

IGNACIO PREGO ARCHITECTURES

2018

19,333

3

6

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

WAYNE LYMAN MORSE FEDERAL COURTHOUSE CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

EUGENE

UNITED STATES

MORPHOSIS

2006

270,000

6

4

The Pointe á Pitre Palace of Justice is located in Point a Pitre, Guadeloupe and was designed with the continuity of the urban fabric principles in mind. Many traditional courthouses are built with a large and thick presence to emit power, but with the open facade in the Point a Pitre Palace of Justice, openness and transparency are highlighted. “Open to the city, displaying the transparency of its function, embodied by three courtrooms that can be seen from the street, the Courthouse reveals itself to the gaze, without being fully naked. The modesty of the judiciary, associated with its statutory restraint, obliges it to respect more intimate surroundings and to set aside curiosity.” Passive energy systems are incorporated into the building to make it more efficient and the material choice allows for adaptability to the environment.

The John M. Roll Federal Courthouse aims to bring transparency and openness to the community of Yuma, Arizona. Ehrlich Architects aimed to design a project that translates historical courthouse design precedents and tradition into a vernacular, contemporary building. Within this hot and dry climate of , the design required a balance of solid and permeable volumes to access natural light without heat gain. The open entrance facade contrasts the solid forms flanking it as an expression of the openness of United States democracy. A juxtaposition of glasss to sandstone reflects a sense of permanence with elements of transparency to set a precedent in the judicial branch of government. This project is a blend of public openness and private function.

Section

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Ahlstrom, Aaron. “United States Federal Courthouse.” SAH ARCHIPEDIA, 11 June 2019, sah-archipedia.org/buildings/MA-02-013-0018.

Valenzuela, Karen. “Regional Court and Industrial Tribunal at Montmorency / Dominique Coulon & Associés.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 3 Nov. 2014, www.archdaily.com/562896/regional-court-and-industrial-tribunal-at-montmorency-dominique-coulon-and-associes?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab.

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SITE PLAN

ORIGINAL MURAL AND HISTORICAL PHOTO OF COURTHOUSE Mb. “Wayne N. Aspinall Federal Building and US Courthouse.” The Beck Group, 22 May 2015, www.beckgroup.com/projects/wayne-aspinall-federal-building/.

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ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

HAMMOND UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

United States Courthouse, San Diego

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

BORDEAUX

FRANCE

ROGERS STIRK HARBOR + PARTNERS

1998

82,020

7

5

HAMMOND, IN

UNITED STATES

PEI COBB FREED & PARTNERS

2002

316,213

8

6

San Diego

United States

Richard Meier

2012

49552

14

16

The Bordeaux Law Courts are located in central Bordeaux, France, right next to the Cours d’Albert. The concept for this building embraces ideas around being energy efficient while still having a relatively open concept.

The sectors of the court are divided among the public and administrative areas. Separate bridges and corridors bring the judges in and out of the courtrooms in a private manner while the public has a large courtyard with access to the courtrooms via stairwells on the opposite side. The courtrooms themselves are inspired by medieval towers, Kentish oasthouses and traditional boat buildings. The form of the courtrooms along with the glazing from the rectilinear administrative building allow for passive energy systems to be incorporated too.

Byard, Paul Spencer. 2006. “Reading the Architecture of Today’s Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Norton.

Valenzuela, Karen. “Regional Court and Industrial Tribunal at Montmorency / Dominique Coulon & Associés.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 3 Nov. 2014, www.archdaily.com/562896/regional-court-and-industrial-tribunal-at-montmorency-dominique-coulon-and-associes?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab.

Greene, Frank. 2006. “The Image of Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Notrton.

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CITY

The Wayne Lyman Morse US Federal Courthouse is a contemporary interpretaion of justice. The design is intended to mesh with the urban setting of downtown Eugene, while meshing public space with the complex needs of a courthouse.

Each level of the project has a purpose that is reflected within the dynamic forms. The first level represents everyday life and the rectalinear form fits into the street grid. The courtrooms are housed on the second floor, where irregular shapes indicate the environment in which the justice system weighs and resolves conflict and human interests. The raised courtroom pavillions, each one room to pay homage to the historical single-room American courthouse, suggest that thier activities reside on a higher level than routine life.

https://www.archdaily.com/105945/durham-consolidated-courthouse-wzmh-architects

“Salt Lake City United States Courthouse.” CourtsWeb, courtsweb.gsa.gov/courthouse/salt-lake-city-united-states-courthouse. Accessed 22 Sept. 2023.

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BORDEAUX LAW COURTS

SOUTHERN ELEVATION, NORTHERN ELEVATION, SKETCH, WEST-EAST SECTION

Fracalossi, Igor. “United States Courthouse, Salt Lake City / Thomas Phifer and Partners.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 19 Jan. 2015, www.archdaily.com/588373/united-states-courthouse-salt-lake-city-thomas-phifer-and-partners.

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Central Islip, New York

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ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

Central Islip United States Courthouse CITY

This federal courthouse covers 2.6 urban acres with a building program designed to link new and existing federal buildings. The landscaped gardens, plazas and pedestrian walkways link this building with the preexisting federal buildings. This structure includes 14 federal buildings and some 21 chambers. Its a 16 story building with terracotta and glass and minimal supports to increase the natural daylight, through its east and west orientations.

In juxtaposition to the rectinlinear tower, a light filled building lobby is shaped and positioned to be visible from all approaches to the site, and serves to recieve and redirect staff and visitors to the multiple courthouse destinations. THe lobby and jury assembly are designed to be naturally-ventilated and take advantage of the idyllic San Diego weather.

Built in 2002, the U.S. Courthouse in Hammond, Indiana is situated on a 6.9-acre site connected to the city’s historic Hohman Avenue (west), Clinton Street (north), Lyman Avenue (east), and East Douglas Street (south). With large limestone walls, dramatic cut openings, horizontal silhouette, and celebrated entrance that contrasts the diversity of red brick and terra cotta buildings found within the area that date back to the early 20th century. Each courtroom, which is finished in English brown oak, is equipped with the most advanced digital and audio-visual technologies, and with the innovative circular layout, the witness stand is located at the center of the space adjacent to the judge in a curved, free-standing jury box.

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

JOHN JOSEPH MOAKLEY UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

EVERETT M. DIRKSEN COURTHOUSE

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

United States

Richard Meier & Partner Company

2000

416,051

23

12

BOSTON, MA

UNITED STATES

PEI COBB FREED & PARTNERS

1998

945,426

27

13

CHIGCAGO

UNITED STATES

MIES VAN DER RHOE

1964

1,200,000

50+

27

With its prominent harbor site, simple red brick facade, sweeping curved glass wall, and landscaped park, the John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse and Harbor park in Boston, Massachusetts, is a lesson in civics through the medium of architecture. Its siting, form, layout, and materials express the fundamental democratic principles of equality, fairness, openness, and accessibility. The spacious, light-filled Great Hall and galleries herald the notion of community, becoming the venues for public gatherings and civic discourse. The architectural arrangement of the courtroom gives recognition and respect to each of the participants’ judge, jury, witness, litigants, lawyers, and spectators’ in the proceedings.

Government.

The United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Central Islip, Long Island, New York, is already a landmark. The elegant, 12-story white rectangle and rotunda dominate the skyline. But it is more than large. Its prominence and unique profile recall images of civic architecture from the past. The connection is intentional. Without mimicking history, this building is meant, in a l

“The new courthouse was completed in 1964 on a site directly east of its predecessor.

Designed by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, the $35 million block-long building rises thirty stories on a skeleton of structural steel, supported by concrete caissons extending to rock one hundred feet below sidewalk level. The structure is sheathed in a curtain wall of steel, aluminum, and bronze-tinted glass. The entire ground level area is paved in granite, extending to the lobby as interior paving and onto the elevator core walls. In 1970, the building was rededicated in memory of Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen who represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 1950 to 1969” - (United States Bankruptcy Court.)

Front entrance street view

EAST FACADE

FRONT ENTRY PORCH

VIEW DOWN THE MAIN STAIRS

UNDER THE MAIN STAIRS

MAIN STAIRS

WINDOW SHADING VINES

EXTERIOR VIEW

PUBLIC SPACE

UNDERGROUND COURTYARD CIRCULATION SPACE

WINDOW ATRIUM

FRONT ENTRANCE

EXTERIOR RAIN PANELS

PUBLIC SPACE CIRCULATION SPACE

EXTERIOR ENTRANCE AT NIGHT

CURVED ELEMENTS OF EXTERIOR

COURTROOM FORM

COURTOOM ENTRANCES

LIGHTING/SHADING SYSTEM CIRCULATION SPACE

STAIRS TO LOBBY

INTERNAL STRUCTURE

CIRCULATION SPACE AROUND COURTROOMS

EXTERIOR FACADE WITH LANDSCAPE

CORNER FACADE

LOBBY

PUBLIC CIRCULATION SPACES

VIEW TO LOBBY

Surrounding buildings and site

LOBBY CELING VIEW

Exterior Facade

Exterior Facade At Night

Courtroom Hallway

Public stairs

Public space within entrance

Courtroom

Extension View

Circular extension ground view

COURTROOM

VIEW FROM THE STAND

COURTROOM

COURTROOM SOUND LOCK

COURTROOM, VISITOR PERSPECTIVE

COURTROOM ENTRANCES

CENTRAL SKY LIGHT

FACADE DETAIL

VIEW TO LOBBY

EXTERIOR OF BUILDING

PUBLIC CENTRAL STAIR

EXTERIOR SHOT BETWEEN BUILDINGS

INTERIOR COURTROOM

INTERIOR HALLWAY

INTERIOR COURTROOM

STAIRCASE

Sea�le Jus�ce Center SIDE VIEW

FACADE AT DAWN

COURTROOM INTERIOR LIGHTING

COURTROOM

INSIDE A COURTROOM

TOP LEVEL COURTROOM

VIEW TO LOBBY

NBBJInc.

Sea�le WA

COURTROOM

COURTROOM ENTRANCE WITH SOUND LOCK

INTERIOR COURTROOM

Courtroom Judges chambers

Public

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

HIGHEST LEVEL COURTHOUSE FLOOR PLAN

£

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTHOUSE FLOOR PLAN

A/W rooms

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

Secured

Restricted Jury Suite

18

© Retrospec�ve of Courthouse Design All Rights Reserved

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7th Interna�onal Conference on Jus�ce Design Boston, MA - November 2010

Wayne Lyman Morse Courthouse

20

Morphosis Completed in 2006

DISTRICT COURTROOM PLAN

3D DIAGRAM

3D DIAGRAM

3D DIAGRAMS

DISTRICT COURTROOM PLAN

COURTROOM PLAN

DISTRICT COURTROOM PLAN

CORRECTIONAL COURTROOM PLAN

COURTROOM PLAN

[DISTRICT] COURTROOM PLAN

£

COURTROOM PLAN

[DISTRICT] COURTROOM PLAN

3D DIAGRAM

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAM

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAM

3D DIAGRAMS

SECTION A

JOHN MOAKLEY UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE MA0050 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN COURTROOM + PUBLIC ZONE FIGURE GROUND 1" = 50'-0"

SECTION

SECTION DETAIL SECTION A, SECTION B

SECTIONS

SECTION AND CANCEPT SKETCH

“Gallery of Palacio de Justica de Gouveia / Barbosa & Guimaraes Architects - 44.” ArchDaily, www.archdaily.com/139867/palacio-de-justica-de-gouveia-barbosa-guimaraes-architects/501488cc28ba0d39500003e7-palacio-de-justica-de-gouveia-barbosa-guimaraes-architects-section?next_project=no. Accessed 08 Sept. 2023.

Caballero, Pilar. “Point a Pitre Palace of Justice / Ignacio Prego Architectures.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 10 Feb. 2023, www.archdaily.com/927456/pointe-a-pitre-palace-of-justice-ignacio-prego-architectures?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab.

“John M. Roll United States Courthouse, Designed by Ehrlich Architects ...” Architect’s Magazine, www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/john-m-roll-united-states-courthouse-designed-by-ehrlich-architects_o. Accessed 9 Sept. 2023.

“Wayne L. Morse United States Courthouse.” Wayne L. Morse United States Courthouse | AIA Top Ten, Committee on the Environment Top Ten Program Sponsors, 1 Nov. 1970, www.aiatopten.org/node/139.

“Pointe à Pitre Palace of Justice: Ignacio Prego Architectures.” Archello, archello.com/project/pointe-a-pitre-palace-of-justice. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023.

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

KUNUNURRA COURTHOUSE

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

AMBATO COURTHOUSE

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

CEDAR RAPIDS UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

Tortosa

Spain

Camps Felip Arquitecturia

2020

37,318

?

3

KUNUNURRA

AUSTRALIA

TAG ARCHITECTS

2014

19000

2

2

AMBATO

ECUADOR

ESPINOZA CARVAJAL & COLECTIVO

2014

12,336

4

4

CEDAR RAPIDS, IA

UNITED STATES

WILLIAM RAWN ASSOC. & OPN ARCHITECTS

2012

290,000

5

8

Exterior facade view of windows

Front entrance street view

The city of Tortosa is historically built from the overlapping of fortificiations, walls, churches and palaces. The new law courts effictively respons to the specific judicial program and its strict functinal requirements and to the topography and geometry of the site. Its located on the corners of the la “Placa dels Estudis” . The project starts in a regular and ordered structure, that uses a grid system modulated from the standard dimensions of the programs office unit. The program distinguishes public access areas, which are more open and continuous, and areas of restricted or private use, areas that are modulated. The strict seperation of public and private is reflected in paths and access cores. A solid and at the same time permeable architecture that blends and merges with its surroundings without giving up its time.

The new Kununurra Courthouse in Kununurra, Fance, was built and designed to replace the previouse courthouse. The old courthouse had only one court room and was constructed in the 1970s and was in operation for thirty years.

Over time it could no longer accommodate for the growing need for court services. The new courthouse was constructed on the same site, but includes two courtrooms and a mediation/ multifunction room. Two natural landmarks, Kelly’s Knob and Hidden Valley, are visable from the site location and influence the architecture.

The unique geographic location intertwined with the building connects the community and visitors in a visual way. The height of the roof not only resembles the context around the building, but reflects the program inside.

Office space

Interior and exterior view

GEOMETRIC RAILING

Courtroom

COURTROOM 1

TOP VIEW

NATURAL LIGHT

EAST FACADE

UNDER THE MAIN STAIRS

INTERIOR HALLWAY

VIEW DOWN THE MAIN STAIRS

MAIN STAIRS

UNDERGROUND COURTYARD

NORTH FACADE

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

PUBLIC ENTRANCE SECURITY

ART IN ATRIUM

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

UNITED STATES

MACK SCOGIN MERILL ELAM ARCHITECTS

2012

252,000

8

10

SIDE EXTERIOR OF BUILDING

INTERIOR HALLWAY

INTERIOR COURTROOM

¥

Moakley United States courthouse & harborpark. Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. (n.d.). https://www.pcf-p.com/projects/moakley-united-states-courthouse-harborpark/ +++

ARCH 355: SHAPING JUSTICE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY FALL 2023

SANDRA DAY O’ CONNER UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE

CITY

COUNTRY

ARCHITECT

YEAR BUILT

TOTAL GROSS AREA (FT2)

NUMBER OF COURTROOMS

NUMBER OF FLOORS

PHOENIX, AZ

US

RICHARD MEIER & PARTNERS

2000

388,000

18

9

The Sandra Day O’Connor United States Courthouse is an anchor in the development of downtown Phoenix. In a community that is the sixth largest city in the United States and covers an area of 2,000 square miles, establishing this identity and sense of place is a significant achievement. The courthouse is an elegant rectangle with an entry plaza on one side. The building and plaza fill a two-block site and are part of a sequence referred to as the “government mall,” an axis that links the state capitol, this Federal courthouse, the Phoenix City Hall, the Maricela County Complex, and the Arizona State Supreme Court.

Masts and cables that is set in front of the glass wall. Inside includes 18 total courtrooms with a unique special proceedings court room which was designed in a circular shape.

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“The Austin Federal Courthouse is located in downtown Austin, Texas, on a full city block directly west of Republic Square Park. The Courthouse’s connection to Republic Square Park, as well as its proximity to other civic buildings and downtown Austin in general, help to connect the Courthouse to its context.

This connection was further strengthened by the closing of San Antonio Street that previously divided Republic Square Park, one of Austin original four parks, from the Courthouse site.

The new vision of the site is further integration between the two blocks as a future “city plaza” of downtown Austin that retains its historic character. “ - (Austin United States Courthouse)

INTERIOR COURTROOM

INTERIOR PUBLIC CIRCULATION

­ ­ ­ ­ ¥­ ­ £ £ £ ¦ £ £ ¤ ¤¤£

COUNTRY

EXTERIOR OF BUILDING

VIEW INTO ATRIUM

Greene, Frank. 2006. “The Image of Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Notrton.

AUSTIN

FACADE AT DUSK

SECOND LEVEL VIEW TO LOBBY

CORNER FACADE

LOBBY VIEW TO PUBLIC ELEVATORS

LOBBY VIEW TO SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS COURTROOM

[CAPTION]

Stairwell

COURTROOM 2

SIDE VIEW

VIEW FROM THE STAND

COURTROOM

INTERIOR COURTROOM

COURTROOM ENTRANCE

[DISTRICT] COURTROOM PLAN

3D DIAGRAMS

SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS COURTROOM

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN 1/32 SCALE

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN “1/32 scale

MAGISTRATES COURT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA | COURTROOM PLAN 1/8 SCALE

COURTROOM PLAN

DISTRICT COURTROOM PLAN “1/8 scale

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAMS

3D DIAGRAM

SECOND FLOOR COURTHOUSE PLAN

COURTROOM PLAN

3D DIAGRAM

TYPICAL COURTROOM FLOOR PLAN

3D DIAGRAMS

[DISTRICT] COURTROOM PLAN

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SOUTH WEST ELEVATION

SOUTH WEST SECTION

ELEVATION

NORTH WEST ELEVATION CONSTRUCTION DETAILS, SITE PLAN, SECTION B-B Byard, Paul Spencer. 2006. “Reading the Architecture of Today’s Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Norton.

Valenzuela, Karen. “The New Kununurra Courthouse / TAG Architects + Iredale Pedersen Hook Architects.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 16 June 2015, www.archdaily.com/642583/the-new-kununurra-courthouse-tag-architects-iredale-pedersen-hook-architects.

Greene, Frank. 2006. “The Image of Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Notrton.

Kununurra Courthouse - Australiandesignreview.Com, www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/kununurra-courthouse/. Accessed 8 Sept. 2023.

FLOOR PLANS

SUSTAINABILITY EVOLUTION IN STEP WITH GSA COMMITMENTS

MODELS AND ROUGH SKETCHES

“Federal Courthouse Cedar Rapids, IA, US.” Architizer, 2 May 2015, architizer.com/projects/federal-courthouse/.

OPN Architects. “United States Courthouse - Cedar Rapids.” Opnarchitects.com, 2012, opnarchitects.com/portfolio/united-states-courthouse-cedar-rapids/.

William Rawn Associates. “Cedar Rapids US Courthouse.” Www.rawnarch.com, rawnarch.com/projects/cedar-rapids.html.

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AIA. “Cedar Rapids United States Courthouse , Justice Facilities Review.” Www.aia.org, 2016, www.aia.org/showcases/15936-cedar-rapids-united-states-courthouse. https://www.archdaily.com/786778/ambato-courthouse-arquitectura-x-plus-colectivo-arquitectura-y-espinoza-carvajal

“Austin United States Courthouse.” CourtsWeb. Accessed September 8, 2023. https://courtsweb.gsa.gov/courthouse/austin-united-states-courthouse.

£ ­ ­ £ ­ ¤ ¢ ­ ­ £ ­ ­ ¥¦¢§ ¥¢ £ ¦ ¦ ­ ¦ ¥¢

50'

History & Architecture: Boston John J. Moakley Courthouse: United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. History & Architecture: Boston John J. Moakley Courthouse | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. (n.d.). https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/ history/history-boston.htm

­ ­ ¡ £ £­ ­ ­

United States courthouse. Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. (n.d.). https://www.pcf-p.com/projects/united-states-courthouse/

CITY

25'

Sections Of Building

­ ­ ¡ ­ ¢ ­ £ ­ ­ £ ­ ­ ­ ¤ ­

Byard, Paul Spencer. 2006. “Reading the Architecture of Today’s Courthouse.” In Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public, edited by Steven Flanders. New York: W. W. Norton.

Hammond United States courthouse. CourtsWeb. (n.d.-a). https://courtsweb.gsa.gov/courthouse/hammond-united-states-courthouse?tab=2

UNITED STATES FEDERAL COURTHOUSE

The United States Courthouse for the Northern District of Iowa strives to meet these high aims in a welcoming, daylight-infused building. A highly collaborative process with all judges participating created strong allegiance to the fundamental ideas of the project, allowing them to weather the challenges of the design process. The project is a model for design rigor that also balances budget control and successful delivery. The Courthouse is located prominently in downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

District, Magistrate, and Bankruptcy Courts, as well as appellate court judge chambers and ancillary facilities are provided. The courthouse expresses a democratic spirit of openness and approachability through two organizing principles: justice on display and windows in every courtroom.

The Ambato Courthouse Located in Ecuador was part of an Ecuadorian initiative to create equal justice for all. The federal government drafted an initiative to create 20 projects in 21 days in 3 geographic locations. The large traditional indigenous population was a large driver in this initiative. These projects and the Ambato courthouse in particular use a system of programmatic modules divided into private and public spaces. These modules were primarily used in a vertical distribution with the public areas being heavily placed in the lower areas of the courthouse with the private modules being places on the higher levels.

However the backbone of this project is that this is a Public Building therefore there should be a prioritization of Public spaces

Exterior facade FRONT FACADE

GRAPHIC SCALE 0

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adrianwang0907. “[Type] Bordeaux Law Courts--Richard Rogers Partnership.” Modern Architecture: A Visual Lexicon, 10 Oct. 2017, visuallexicon.wordpress.com/2017/10/04/spacesunethra-bandaranaike-house-geoffrey-bawa/.

“Architecture | Bordeaux Law Courts.” Kester Freeman, cargocollective.com/kesterfreeman/filter/Supertrees/Architecture. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023.

“Bordeaux Law Courts: Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.” Archello, archello.com/project/bordeaux-law-courts. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023.

Rshp. “Bordeaux Law Courts – Civic – Projects.” RSHP, rshp.com/projects/civic/bordeaux-law-courts/. Accessed 6 Sept. 2023.

Speck, Larry. “Bordeaux Law Courts.” Larry Speck, 13 Nov. 2018, larryspeck.com/photography/bordeaux-law-courts/. willtomlin1. “Photos of the Bordeaux Law Courts.” Willtomlin1, 26 Feb. 2015, willtomlin1.wordpress.com/2015/02/03/photos-of-the-bordeaux-law-courts/.

Valenzuela, Karen. “John M. Roll US Courthouse / Ehrlich Yanai Rhee Chaney Architects.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 15 Sept. 2014, www.archdaily.com/545458/john-m-roll-us-courthouse-ehrlich-architects.

Tortosa Law Courts

COURTROOM GEOMETRY DETAIL

SECTION DETAIL, COURTROOM GEOMETRY DETAIL AND SECTION

SECTIONS, ELEVATIONS, ARTWORK Pearson, Clifford A. “Wayne Lyman Morse United States Courthouse.” Architectural Record RSS, Architectural Record, 6 Oct. 2016, www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/8007-wayne-lyman-morse-united-states-courthouse.

“John M. Roll U.S. Courthouse.” GSA, www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/region-9-pacific-rim/buildings-and-facilities/arizona/john-m-roll-us-courthouse. Accessed 9 Sept. 2023.

Sandra Day O’Connor Courthouse: Meierpartners. Homepage. (n.d.). https://meierpartners.com/project/sandra-day-oconnor-courthouse

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Sandra Day O’Connor U. S. Courthouse in Phoenix, Arizona. Encircle Photos. (2022, February 21). https://www.encirclephotos.com/image/sandra-day-oconnor-u-s-courthouse-in-phoenix-arizona/

­ £ £ ¢ ¤ ­

Sveiven, M. (2011, January 31). Ad classics: United states courthouse / Richard Meier & Partners. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/108119/ad-classics-united-states-courthouse-richard-meier-partners-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab

“United States Bankruptcy Court.” Brief History of the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse | Northern District of Illinois | United States Bankruptcy Court. Accessed September 7, 2023. https://www.ilnb.uscourts.gov/brief-history-everett-mckinley-dirksen-us-courthouse.

1 (2:3)

Site Analysis and Program

2 (2:3)

Jhett Johnson & Devinn Paine

Introduced in depth during the last two phases, the complex creation of the courthouse and its many requirements during the design process have been discovered. Using what we have collected throughout the past several months, we have been challenged to design an addition to the courthouse located in Toledo, Ohio. This courthouse, located on nearly flat topography, carries rich history both with the land, and the existing courthouse. In 1925, the city purchased this quadrangle lot, bounded by Jackson, Eire and Orange Streets, and Spielbusch Avenue. Completed only 7 years later was the James M. Ashley & Thomas W.L. Ashley U.S. Courthouse. Though desperately needing additional space, this courthouse will heavily impact the design on the annex courthouse.

The design of this additional courthouse included many boundaries and regulations that are heavily considered. The inclusion of six courtrooms and their respective judges’ chambers, grand jury, holding cells, circuit library and many other necessary rooms will be included in this design. The challenge that will arise is organizing these necessary components while simultaneously achieving your design goals.

March

4 (1:1)

June

3 (2:3)

D

A

6 (3:8)

December

5 (1:1)

September

C

9am

B

E

GROUP AA

GROUP BB

GROUP AB

AA2

BB1

BB2

AB1

AB2

AA3

AA4

BB3

BB4

AB3

AB4

CC1

GROUP DD

CC2

DD1

3pm

F

AA1

GROUP CC

12pm

GROUP CD

DD2

CD1

CD2

James M. Ashley & Thomas W.L. Ashley U.S. Courthouse

CC3

CC4

DD3

GROUP EE

EE1

DD4

FF1

CD4

GROUP EF

GROUP FF

EE2

CD3

FF2

EF1

EF2

One courtroom inside the U.S. District Courthouse, located in downtown Toledo, is so narrow the defense and prosecution tables are squeezed in diagonally between the jury box and the public seating.

Toledo was built on the site of an early nineteenth-centry stockade in northwestern Ohio as one of the termination points for the Erie Canal. Incorporated in 1836, Toledo became a destination for multiple railroad lines in the late nineteenth century. Consequently, a number of industries emerged in the city. Toledo eventually became the seat of Lucas County, prospering as a result of its diverse manufacturing interests and the city’s accessibility by rail and water. Four Stories building designed in the Beaux Art Classicism of architecture and clad in buff-colored limestone veneer.

Built from 1929-1932. Cost 1.15 million to build.

The ceremonial courtroom, whose jurors must access it through a narrow stairwell without the aid of an elevator, was the only room inside the U.S. District Courthouse, located in downtown Toledo, with the purpose of being a courtroom when the building was erected.

One courtroom inside the U.S. District Courthouse is so cramped the witnesses must sit a few arms lengths from the defense table.

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Grand Jury members walk down this hallway to meet inside the U.S. District Courthouse in downtown Toledo.

The two elevators that service this courthouse.

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A view of the narrow first floor entry way inside the U.S. District Courthouse in downtown Toledo.

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Found on ArchDaily, this article explored a circular window that let in light from above. Bringing in light from above is one possible way to adby by the stric conditions needed in a federal building.

Inside view of a courtroom layout

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One courtroom inside the U.S. District Courthouse, located in downtown Toledo, is so cramped the witnesses must sit a few arms-length from the defense table. With concerns about security and space, a renovation is being proposed for Bankruptcy Court, with a new addition built to house the District Court.

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The Glass Office SOHO China shows exelent use of exterior glass facade and the impact of that light in the space. To increses the privacy, an opaque glazing could be added.

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The Thunder Bay Consolidated Courthouse in Canada, includes windows within the courtroom around the top portion of the walls.

Treated with a glazing, this system allows for natural light and privacy.

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SECTION AA

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J4

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Graphical Design Fall 2023 ARCH 363 Steve Juroszek, AIA School of Architecture Montana State University

Course Description...

Advanced principles of computer-aided design and hand applications in architectural practice, including three-dimensional computer-aided design, hand and digital delineation, and presentations.

Address Address Phone Fax e-mail

www.autodesk.com/revit

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10/31/23 Devinn Paine Jhett Johnson

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3D View 251 First Floor Architectural Plan

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Date

Arch 363 Graphics III Assignment 7 Curtain Walls and Louvres

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Louvre System Upclose

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jhett axon exploded

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10/31/23 Jhett Johnson Devinn Paine

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Soaring Contrivance: An aviation club for aircraft enthusiasts, Bozeman, MT Jhett Johnson and Devinn Paine Spring 2023 ARCH 255: Figuration and Ornamentation James Park, Ph.D. School of Architecture Montana State University

Study was done on Italian ornamentation, tracings were created to emphasize tiled and continuous radial patterns. Shapes were taken from the tracings to be put into a series of matrices looking at 2D transformable variation. 6 variations were further iterated and paired to create linear, corner and enclosed modules.

The 3 modules were integrated into a number of sheets. Color was embedded to constitute foreground and background. These sheets were laser cut and used in analog modeling. Sheets were modified to begin looking at space and light qualities. The transfigured sheets were then used as walls, windows, and openings for the form of the aviation museum. Program was introduced and the spatial analysis was conducted to begin to meet square footage requirements.

An airplane was incorporated into the building as an art installation and creates a scope of scale between human and plane. The design was geometrical and rhythmic and allowed for compelling space, light and experience in the design.

FIGURING

0

Italian Ornament L

Jhett Johnson & Devinn Paine ARCH 254: Architectural Design II – Park School of Architecture, College of Arts and Architecture Montana State University Spring 2023 “The Grammar of Ornament” by Owen Jones, brings forward a collection of ornaments from several areas around the world during different time periods. In chapter 19, Jones begins to analyze Italian ornaments using plates 86-90. Once directly imitated from earlier ornament styles like the Greek and Romans, the style transformed to a more modern composition. The Italian style advanced as it was passed down from artist to artist through teachings beginning with Michael Angelo. As it was transferred down from each generation, the style developed into a recognizable style, the arabesque style. This style consists of intertwined, flowing lines with fruit, flowers, animals, human figures, and landscapes. Made of fresco, a technique of mixing water and powder to plaster on surfaces, these ornaments can still be found at the Arcade of the Vatican, and Doge’s Palace in Italy today.

Using the plates documented in chapter 19, tracings were curated below to emphasize tiled radial patterns and continuous radial patterns found within 4 out of the 5 plates.

θ

1

2

3

4

5

6

0

-1

1

0 θ

2

15th Century

16th Century

15th Century

L

0

1

0

1

2

3

4

3

4

5

6

0

1

2

3

5

6

2 3

4

16th Century

-1

1

3

16th Century

-2

CORPUS

1

0

2

3

4

5

6 -2

0 L

-1

1

θ

0

2 θ

L

Images cut from plates in introduction section.

2

1

3

2

RECONSTRUCTION

4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

-2

-3

3

-2

-1

-2 θ

-1

L

-1

0 Tracings done with the shapes that were cut, highlighted in red.

0

L

θ

1

SHAPES

1

Wiggle

2

Peaks

Open - end

2

Parallel

-2

-3

-1

0

1

2

Circular/Curvy

2

3

scale

translate

Crossing

4

2

0 Branching

3

1

translate

-1

extend

2

0

-2 Pointed

1

0

3

3

1

4

2 VARIATIONS

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

0

4

2

3

4

5

6 -3

0

0 L

1

L

4

L

L

2

-1

1

2

0

3

0

θ

4

translate

1

Series of matrices using the shapes from reconstruction where variables were altered.

1 2

0

3

2

Organization of shapes from reconstruction into groups.

0

1

1

3

-1

-2

θ

2

-2

θ

3 4

1

4

5

6

SHEETS

CONFIGURING ITALIAN PARAMETRIC DESIGN Devinn Paine & Jhett Johnson ARCH 254: Architectural Design II – Park School of Architecture, College of Arts and Architecture Montana State University Spring 2023

ORIGINAL SHAPES Using assorted shapes researched in the “Variations” section of the phase “Figuring”, six shapes were paired to create a series of pairs. Within these pairs, four sets of pairs were further explored through modifications of different connection points. This exploration was used to make several modules, the connection of two or more sets of pairs. Sheets were then created with one or more modules. Finally, color was added to help distinguish how the different spaces interact.

PAIRS HINGE (1) AA

AA

CC

DD

BC

CD

DE

AC

BD

CE

DF

AD

BE

CF

AB

WELD (3)

CROSS (2) BB

BB

CC

EE

FF

AC

BC

AA

AA

BB

CC

DD

BC

CD

DE

AC

BD

CE

DF

AD

BE

CF

EF

AB

BB

CC

EE

FF

AC

AA

BC

AA

EF

BB

CC

DD

BC

CD

DE

AC

BD

CE

DF

AD

BE

CF

BB

AB

CC

EE

Sheet 3

Sheet 1

Sheet 2

Sheet 4

Sheet 5

Sheet 6

Sheet 1 colored

Sheet 2 colored

Sheet 3 colored

Sheet 4 colored

Sheet 5 colored

Sheet 6 colored

AA

DD

CE

BF

BC

EF

AA

AE

FF

AC

AE

AF

AF

AF

1- Hinge two shapes together by connecting vertex to vertex

BF

AE

BF

2-Cross two shapes by intersecting two lines

3-Weld two shapes by overlapping two similar lines

VARIATIONS BB 1

2

3

4

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

17

18

19

20

CC

AC

5

15

BC

BE

6

16

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

DD 1

3

2

BF 1

2

3

4

5

AA

A second iteration from Pairs 1,2 and 3 were explored in tables BB, BE, DD, and BF above

MODULES

Linear Shapes

Shapes

B

B

Pairs

BB 1/ BB 1 Shapes

BB 1/ BB 1 Shapes

B/E Pairs

BB 1/ E Shapes

BB 1/ E

Shapes

D/E Pairs

1 EE/ DD 3

1 EE/ DD 3

1 EE/ DD 3

Shapes

Shapes

B/D Pairs

BB 4/D Shapes

B/E

BE 1

B/D/E

Shapes

Shapes

Pairs

Pairs

Shapes

Shapes

Pairs

Pairs

B/D

BE 17/DD 2

From the variation of the pairs, modules were developed

1CC/ 1CC

Linear

B/D/E

B/E

BE 1

B/D/E

BE 17/DD 2

B/E

Pairs

Pairs

BB 12/ BE 17

Shapes

Pairs

Pairs

D

Shapes

Pairs

Pairs

D Pairs

DD 3

D

B/E Pairs

B/E

BE 1

BE 1 Shapes

B/E/F Pairs

B/E/F Pairs

BE 16/ BF 2 Shapes

B/D/F

Enclosed

Pairs

Shapes

DD 3 BB 1/ DD 3/ BF 4

Enclosed Shapes

B/E

BE 16/ BF 2 BB 12/ BE 17 Shapes

2 CC/ BF 1

Enclosed

Shapes

B/E B/E/F

BB 12/ BE 17 Shapes

2 CC/ BF 1

BE 1/ DD 1 BE 1 Shapes

B,C,F Pairs

Corner

B/D/E

B/E Pairs

DD 3

Shapes

BE 1/ DD 1 Shapes

B,C,F

2 CC/ BF 1

Shapes

1CD/1CD Shapes

Pairs

Corner

B/D/E Pairs

1CD/1CD

B,C,F

1CC/ 1CC

Corner

Shapes

BB 4/D BE 1/ DD 1

B/D/E Pairs

BE 17/DD 2

Pairs

BE 1 Shapes

Pairs

Pairs

B/E Pairs

Shapes

Shapes

BB 4/D Shapes

Pairs

Shapes

B/D Pairs

1CC/ 1CC

Linear

C/D Pairs

Shapes

Pairs

1AA/3CC Shapes

C/D

1CD/1CD

C Pairs

1AA/3CC

Pairs

Shapes

C Pairs

A/C

Shapes

C/D

BB 10/ BB 10

Enclosed

Pairs

1AA/3CC

Pairs

Shapes

C

Pairs

Linear

BB 10/ BB 10

A/C Pairs

B Pairs

Shapes

D/E Pairs

B Pairs

BB 10/ BB 10

BB 1/ E Shapes

D/E Pairs

B

Pairs

BE 17/ BE 17 Shapes

Shapes

Enclosed Shapes

A/C

Pairs

BE 17/ BE 17 Shapes

B/E Pairs

Shapes

BE 17/ BE 17

Shapes

B/E Pairs

Enclosed

Corner

Shapes

B/E Pairs

Shapes

Corner Shapes

B/E

BB 1/ BB 1 Shapes

B/E Pairs

Shapes

Pairs

Pairs

Corner

Linear

Shapes

Shapes

B Pairs

Linear

BE 16/ BF 2 Shapes

B/D/F Pairs

B/D/F Pairs

BB 1/ DD 3/ BF 4

BB 1/ DD 3/ BF 4

VOLUMETRIC COMPOSITIONS

MULTIPLYING Italian Parametric Design Jhett Johnson & Devinn Paine ARCH 254: Architectural Design II – Park School of Architecture, College of Arts and Architecture Montana State University Spring 2023

MODEL

From the curated sheets in the “Configuring” phase, the original modules were isolated to offset and create thickness. Using a small offset to each side of the centerline, the modules were expanded, capped, simplified and enclosed. These enclosed modules were then pieced back together to recreate the sheet.

Then, they were laser cut onto a 4-ply chipboard sheet.

These sheets were hung by a wooden dowel cage and documented. The density of the sheets were recorded as they hung within the cage. To develop spatial qualities within our sheets, cuts, twists, and bends were made to create spaces.

Taken from “Sheet 6” from “Configuring”, these two modules are isolated and separated.

An offset of 0.05” on each side of the centerline was created.

To clean up the dense tracing, the centerline was removed.

Each open end was closed

Any intersection was trimmed out, making one open curve

These thickened modules were then reconnected, mirrored, or copied to recreate the final sheets curated in phase 2.

The square shape was my connection between row to row, this also directly translated to the laser cutting process as well.

5 elevation views of our model in orientation 1.

My main motif for the sheet was the circle shape pictured, I connected the circles to create a continuous shape.

The diamond shape was created by the circles connecting as well as the square connectors. It gave the sheet a little less density among the repeated squares and circles.

The two mirrored pineapple motifs copied vertically are small and extended out from the main arm of dense modules. This creates a loose outer edge of the sheet.

The transition from dense, to loose creates defined open space where once small, intricate spaces, transition into a few small shapes that allow for more open space.

Each horizontal strip is connected vertically at the ‘Y’ pair. This creates a visual bracket that encloses the more dense sections from the looser parts. The background spaces here are small.

A more enclosed portion of this sheet shows how within two infinity looking circles interact with more elements in the center.

The background spaces within this modules are mostly very small indicating more material left behind.

By mirroring this e shape I created two different motifs within the rows and columns. This is the smaller motif that creates the rectangular profile.

Both of the main motifs undulate within each row and column, this one was a more irregular shape that falls at the ends of the main motif.

5 elevation views of our model in orientation 2.

Being one of the more dense areas in sheet 4, the open spaces are limited, but intricate. The curves mixed with the linear lines complement each other and make unique background shapes.

Found between each vertically connected motif, is an open cutout created a long, skinny cutout. This creates a nice pause in the repeating language found in this sheet.

The curvy module has allowed for larger background pieces and a large collection of connected cutouts.

Our model was photographed to capture the density of the overlapping of these sheets.

ITERATION 1

ITERATION 2

1940

FITTING AND MISFITTING

Years later, more land was purchased to meet the needs of the growing community of aviation.

Based on the wind rose chart of Belgrade, it

Aviation Station

was determined four prospective runways were needed. Federal funds allotted just under $50,000 to construct the basic airport. The

Devinn Paine + Jhett Johnson ARCH 254: Architectural Design II – Park School of Architecture, College of Arts and Architecture Montana State University Spring 2023

newly named ‘Gallatin Field’ went on to provide training school for pilots prior to World War II.

1960

As planes developed, runways around the world needed to be extended to meet the needs of jet airplanes. In 1960, several large changes took place at Gallatin Field. New technology like lighting and extended Taxiways were built. As airplanes began to take over as the newest and fastest mode of travel, many saw the business opportunity and began to commercialize flying.

Frontier and Northwest Airlines began regularly commuting to BZN in 1968 to bring business to both themselves and

1980

2020

2000

Growth in both aviation and Bozeman resulted in numerous air side and land side expansions since 2000, including two expansions to the commercial apron, a concourse expansion to the terminal building, a new general aviation tie down apron, and the construction of the East Ramp and a cargo apron.

In addition to runway, taxiway, apron, and access road improvement projects, a 36-foot by 56-foot fire station was built, an addition to the snow removal equipment building was constructed, and a passenger terminal door replacement project was completed.

Because of the Covid19 virus, April passenger traffic at BZN down nearly 96.7%. BZN ranked 95th in the nation in terms of passengers.

Bozeman.

SPACIAL ANALYSIS

Custodial Restooms

Custodial Restooms

Café Loading & Delivery Area

Loading & Delivery Area

Café Loading & Delivery Area

Exhabition Space

Exhabition Space Entry Lobby

Entry Lobby

Entry Lobby Exhabition Space

Entry Lobby

Exhabition Space

Restooms Custodial

Restooms Custodial

3 Enclosed offices each measuring 125 sqft

Café

Café Loading & Delivery Area

375 sqft

Administrative Offices

5th Floor Plan 1’-0”= 1/8”

Reception

Small Activity

Café

600 sqft

Entry Lobby

600 sqft

Testing Center

200 sqft

Radio Chat Room

500 sqft

Classroom Area

1000 sqft

Mechanical and Electrical

Axonometric Service

300 sqft 1 On ground level accessible to café

300 sqft

Custodial and Data

1 Closet per level measuring 75 sqft each

375 sqft

Public ADA Restrooms

2 Restrooms per level measuring 75 sqft each

750 sqft

Loading and Delivery Area

Exhabition Space

Exhabition Space

Restooms

Restooms

Custodial

Circulation Factor

Additional 25% for horizontal and vertical circulation

Custodial

Restooms

Classroom (R.C. Planes & Paper Airplanes)

Exhabition Space

Custodial

Restooms

Exhabition Space

Custodial

Classroom (R.C. Planes & Paper Airplanes)

Classroom (R.C. Planes & Paper Airplanes)

Exhabition Space

Exhabition Space

1’-0”= 1/8”

Exhabition Space

Exhabition Space

Simulator Area

Simulator Area

Classroom (R.C. Planes & Paper Airplanes)

4th Floor Plan

Simulator Area

Simulator Area Restooms Custodial

Restooms Custodial

Restooms Custodial

Restooms Custodial

2,000 sqft

Circulation Simulation Station

300 sqft

Simulation Station

Testing Center

300 sqft

Simulation Station

300 sqft

Simulator Area

Simulator Area

Restooms

Restooms

Testing Center

Simulator Area Simulator Area

Custodial

Large Activity

Exhabition Area

Restooms

Mechanical

2100 sqft and Electrical Rooms

Simulator Area Simulator Area

Custodial

Restooms Mechanical andSpace Electrical Exhabition Rooms

Custodial

Exhabition Space

Exhabition Space

Custodial

Mechanical Exhabition and Electrical Space Rooms

Testing Center

Mechanical and Electrical Rooms

Testing Center

Total 10,000 spft

Admin Office

Exhabition Space

PRECEDENCE 3rd Floor Plan

Custodial

Restooms

Admin Office

Admin Office

Admin Office

Exhabition Space

Custodial

Restooms

Admin Office

Admin Office

Admin Office

Radio Chat Area Simulator Area

Admin Office

Simulator Area

Custodial

Admin Office

Radio Chat Area

Exhabition Space

Radio Chat Area Admin Office

Exhabition Space

a good understanding on what elements can be displayed. More specifically, as an aviation

AA

club it only seems fit to include an airplane.

The evidence given from The National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. shows how these large airplanes need ample space to properly show off their immensity. Knowing that we wanted to include and aircraft will

Flight Simulator United States, 2007

require ample space.

The National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. Haber, Ralph Norman. “Flight Simulation.” Scientific American 255, no. 1 (1986):

BB

simulators of all different levels and intensities.

took to other examples to help find the best way

Section AA 1’-0”= 1/4”

2nd Floor Plan

to include arguably the most important inclusion of the club. Taken from the Stafford Air and Space Museum in Weatherford Oklahoma, this

Flight Simulator, Chris Howell 1998

We plan to include several of these types of

Another large part of this aviation club is the

simulators that range from needing a small

inclusion of classrooms and what that might

desk area to a completely enclosed capsule.

entail. This space found has given us a visual of how the classroom might look and how

aircraft is displayed vertically showing just how

Like this tree can be explored through many floor

tall the jet is. This gave us the idea to hang the

1’-0”= 1/8”

Haber, Ralph Norman. “Flight Simulation.” Scientific American 255, no. 1 (1986)

Found within aviation schools are many

With the given parameters for our building, we

children might be able to use it.

levels and thus several sections, we approached

airplane vertically for two main reasons. First,

a similar concept when considering hanging the

to fit within the required space, and secondly

plan vertically.

because the plane will only expose some parts per level, it will encourage visitors to continue up the levels to view the entire aircraft.

Flight Simulator 737 Company Netherlands Stafford Air and Space Museum, Oklahoma

Home in Brazil by architect Alessandro Sartore

Pearl Harbor Air Museum Classroom, Hawaii

Diagramming of program using massing and spatial relations from one space to another.

1st Floor Plan 1’-0”= 1/8”

Section BB 1’-0”= 1/4”

Drawings done using illustrator for my final studio Spring 2023 design of an airplane museum.

Admin Office

Restooms

Admin Office

Restooms

Radio Chat Area

Many museums around the world that are dedicated to Airplanes and air travel have given

1’-0”= 1/8”

Custodial

Studio Design was an investigation into programming for a club of our choice. This Aviation Club design is an all-purpose site featuring a café, flight simulators, viewing space, and classrooms.

An airplane was incorporated into the building as an art piece and also creates a scale of space between people and plane.

Photoshop and V-Ray through Rhino were used to assign material to the Studio Design project. The exterior is ivy stone and the interior features concrete and wood. The interiors intent is to feel airy and modern while the exterior is a heavy brutalist aesthetic.

Graphical Design Fall 2022 ARCH 253 Elly Usick School of Architecture Montana State University

Course Decription...

Course utilizes observation and design drawing studios supplemented by design drawing lecture/demonstrations sessions. Topics include freehand observation drawing and constructed multi-view, paraline, perspective and shade/shadow drawing leading towards the formal graphic presentation of architectural intentions.

Studies done on perspectival drawings of my studio design and boxes.

Hand drawn compilation with the primary focus on composition regarding line weights, shifting the overall feel of a drawing with a target of highlighting main parts of the design in relation to orientation.

Compositional pieces for graphics class that used different mediums.