Architecture [BSc3] Final Project Portfolio · The Scape

Architectural Design WSA 2020 · 21

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CONTENTS

The Rhondda Valley Cymmer / Contextual Analysis

One-Four Five-Six Seven-Ten

Site Analysis / Observations

Eleven-Fourteen

Project' Strategy and Goals

Fiveteen-Sixteen

Design Development Final Proposal / 'The Scape'

Seventeen-Twenty Twenty one-Forty

Site Integration

Twenty one-Twenty two

Circulation Strategy

Twenty three-Twenty six

Building's Plan / Layout

Twenty seven-Thirty four

Internal Ambience

Materiality

Structure and Composition

Thirty five-Thirty six Thirty seven Thirty eight-Forty

Zero Cero

Primer Project (1st Semester)

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Julia Garnelo Gutiérrez

OF CAVERNS AND TAVERNS PRIMER PROJECT

INK

The PP consisted of integrating a memory from my childhood and a single precedent image of a 'civic'/public space in order to develop and design an adjacent room or space to the existing given one through a series of experimental tasks.

My selected childhood memory consisted of a visit to the 'Drach Caves' in Baleares, Spain; during a family summer trip when I was twelve. The caverns were naturally formed by the filtration of water through fractures in the rock (limestone). The galleries carved through the rock were impressive extending miles beneath the ground and made out of multiple consecutive caves/rooms, each one

ACRYLIC

singular in a unique way. The water creeks and lakes present in some of them granted a light-reflecting quality to the floors and the many stalactites, stalagmites, and columns.

In order to represent my experience and the atmosphere of the cavern, I explored new drawing techniques which allowed me to work

One Uno

fast and loosely.

INK + BLEACH

The precedent's character led me to focus on both light as the pub's 'shaping' tool, carving and giving shape to the room (such as water as the shaper of the caverns); and on the irregular wall and roof planes, which allowed me to explore erratic angles and inclinations which such as in caves would serve as the delimitation between both spaces, the

FINAL 1 : 33,33 'ADJACENT ROOM' MODEL

Two Dos

existing and the adjacent one to be designed.

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CYMMER

In order to show the relationship between one and another, the floor plan of both spaces finally integrated had to be designed and situated within Cymmer (the village I'd be analyzing and studying for my 2nd Semester project), in a location of our choosing.

I choose a central location, placing my design by an existing public building (swimming pool). The site allowed me to exploit the existing landscape conditions. The terrain had previously been cut to grant space for parking. For my purposes, I decided to retrieve the original land's slope where my building was to be placed. This permitted me to situate my 'C/Tavern' room slightly below ground in order to emphasize the cave-like features of my design (such as a

Three Tres

stone emerging from the soil).

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Four Cuatro

1 : 20 DETAIL / 1:100 SECTION A2

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THE RHONDDA VALLEY Situated in South Wales, the Rhondda Valley extends along the River Afan, comprehending a vast amount of land and small communities formerly known for its coal-mining industry within both Rhondda Fawr (large) and Fach (small) valleys.

The majority of the villagers were colliery workers; but after the coal mining industry came to an end in 1960, the population of the valleys started to decrease notably and a period of unprosperity followed.

Though the village has had to change and adapt to the new times, it still maintains some heritage elements from its blooming age, such as viaducts and the former railway station building now in use as a restaurant.

Figure 01

The present map shows the slopped terrain and the location of some of the numerous villages in the valleys. Accentuating Cymmer as one of the smallest and situated on a prime position, the confluence of the rivers Afan and Afon Corrwg.

Tonmawr

Efail-fâch

Cynonville

Five Cinco

Pontrhydyfen

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Cymmer was once a major railway junction and boasted three railway stations; the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway, the South Wales Mineral Railway, and the G.W.R. Llynfi Branch Line.

Figure 02

Today, with little industry, the future of the Afan valley lies in tourism with the Afan Forest Park attracting 170,000 visitors a year. Afan Forest Park is the fastest-growing mountain bike centre in Britain, with currently four purpose-built trails.

25 miles of former railway tracks and forest trails are now used for walking, cycling, mountain biking, horse riding, and watching wildlife after the rails were removed in 1971.

Figure 03

Former Railway Track Mayor Afan Forest Cycling Routes Abercregan

CYMMER

Croeserw

Dyffryn

Six Seis

Caerau

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CYMMER Cymmer or Cymer is a small village with roughly 2000 inhabitants.

It is considered one of the most deprived wards in Wales, many of the public buildings and amenities are now run by the community, though its numbers have been slowly decreasing as many residents are moving to bigger cities.

Located in the county of West Glamorgan by the confluence of the Afan and Corrwg rivers, Cymmer sits in a considerably hilly region and serves as a boundary with the Afan Forest Park (worldwide renown for its walking and mountain biking trails). Due to being 219m above sea level, its climate is classified as warm and temperate, though the

Seven Siete

amount of rainfall during the year is significant (55.8-inch annually).

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Superfitial Deposits TILLD-DMTN (Till, Devensian - Diamicton) Landslide Deposits XSV (Sand and Gravel) Bedrock SDST (Sandstone) Main Roads and Streets Afan Forest Park Boundary Main Walking and Cycling Routes Viaducts

Figure 04

Figure 06

Figure 07

Eight Ocho

Figure 05

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Julia Garnelo Gutiérrez

A VIBRANT COMMUNITY The village of Cymmer and its residents are significantly energetic.

Despite its small size, Cymmer’s a thriving community with many activities and events happening weekly.

Compared to larger towns in the premises (such as Croeserw) that have a significantly smaller number of active community groups and clubs, Cymmer has many in which the majority of the villagers take part in.

Most of the group/clubs’ meetings are now held in infrastructure run solely by the community’s volunteers and their effort. After the government decided to close the buildings. The town fought and refused to let those community buildings close.

Even though the majority of the organized activities can be held within the town’s boundaries, the matter of improving connections to other nearby towns and services needs to be addressed.

h g

i

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a

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e

l

m

+

Walking Group (no official address)

m

Cymmer Historical Society (Former B. Chapel) Youth Club (Demolished Secondary School)

Figure 08

j

Friends of Cymer Afan Community Library

j

Film Club, Book Club, Needle & Yarn, Art group, Yoga, Baby massage, Tai Chi, Parent & Toddler Group

c

Cymmer Primary PTA (Primary School)

f

United Senior Citizens, Afan Valley Fresh Start

e

Cymmer Coronation Club, Cymmer Coronation Darts Team, Afan Valley sub-aqua Club, Cymmer Coronation Pool Team

h

Gilgal Youth Club, Gilgal Foodbank

a

Cymmer Bowls Club

i

Cymmer Young Firefighters

k

Cymmer/Cwmafan Patient Engagement Group

a.

Cymmer Bowling Green Field

b.

Sports Hall + Afan Fitness Gym

c.

Cymmer Primary School

d.

Cymmer Methodist Church

e.

Community-run Indoor Swimming Pool

f.

Former Brynsiriol Centre

g.

‘The Refresh’, Restaurant and Bar

h.

Gilgal Chapel

i

Cymmer Firestation

j.

Community Library and Community Centre

k.

Cymmer Health Centre

l.

Former Town Hall Building

m. Former Bethania Chapel

Figure 10

Ten Diez

Figure 09

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Julia Garnelo Gutiérrez

Figure 11

Eleven Once

Figure 12

The topography of the site is a significant feature and the steepness of the land is noticeable from the streets.

There is a clear response to the landscape in which the town had adapted to or controlled/reshaped the land in which it sits. This is visible in the way the village is laid out and structured in order to become accesroutes and connections through the use of multiple mechanisms, such as 'cut and fills, retention walls, and the construction of diverse bridges and viaducts.

Twelve Doce

sible from multiple directions, and also by the creations of 'man-made'

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Julia Garnelo Gutiérrez

LLOYD'S TERRACE 1.

Former (Demolished) Water-powered Textile Factory

2.

Former (Disused) Bethania Chapel

3.

Teague D.H. Local Kiosk

4.

Former Public Hall

5.

Afan E-Bike Hire

6.

The Croeserw Viaduct

1 4

2 3

6

5

2

Figure 13

3

1

Figure 14

Lloyd's Terrace, located on the eastern side of Cymmer can be considered the original civic centre of the town. It portraits the true identity of the small village, where all its singular and characteristic facets are enhanced (a complicated topography and proximity to na-

Thirteen Trece

ture, the convergence of many routes and a rich historical past).

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Flat 5 Flat 3

Flat 6 2nd (Top) Floor

1st Floor

Flat 4

Tourist Room Rentals

Cymmer's former Public Hall was originally used for Council meetings and to host activities and events for the community’s entertainment.

This building is now privately owned and has very recently changed its

Flat 1 Flat 2

use again, from former ‘Crown Inn and Restaurant’ to dwelling-house, hosting 6 independent tourist-rental apartments within it.

Ground Floor

E-Bike Hire Store

Figure 16

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5

Fourteen Catorce

4

Figure 15

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OVERCOMING BARRIERS & CREATING CONNECTIONS The project will aim to create a civic space within Cymer to help revitalize the village. The building to be designed will serve as a beacon to encourage and increase visits from tourists (to the Afan Valley Park) to Cymmer, providing space for them to rest and eat and stimulating the interaction between them and the village's residents.

In order to attract people to move and live in this rural setting, the proposal will allocate other services particularly focused on the existing community and nearby villages. It will serve as a meeting spot for the 'Walking Group' and include a specifically designed space for the town’s youth club. Secondarily, it will provide dorms and spaces to host 'Rural-Immersion' week/summer camps for children, which will function as a hostel space (the 'Camp-Inn') when not booked for camp programs.

The proposal will focus on increasing the revenue around its area instead of stealing from it, creating spaces that are holistically responsive to the site's existing businesses; and incentivize sustainable commutes,

Fiveteen Quince

such as cycling and use of public transport.

1 : 500 A2 SITE OPPORTUNITIES / STRATEGIC PLAN

DESIGN AIMS

CLIENT/USER

Revitalize the Rural Landscape Encourage the movement from bigger urban centers to rural areas.

Foster Social and Cultural Interactions Improve communication links between villagers and visitors in order to foster interaction and learning.

Incentivize Sustainable Commute Encourage green transport (non-polluting means of movement), such

Educate on Historical and Environmental Conservation

The primer user will be the existing community, particularly the Youth

Teach from younger ages the importance of the conservation and/or

tourists (mainly Afan FP cyclists and hikers) to rest and eat. Secondari-

restoration of the natural and cultural heritage.

ly, school children from the valley and other Welsh and British regions.

Club and the Walking/Rambling Group. The other main users will be

Sixteen Dieciseis

as cycling/walking; and use of public transport.

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MASSING AND DEVELOPMENT

The original intent was to respond to the site's complicated terrain by creating a building that would step down the hill and would ideally be formed of multiple volumes rather than imposing one single massive building; though in terms of circulation, the concept of having a common internal 'root' that would link all volumes together was relevant

Seventeen Diecisiete

from the start.

Precedent 01 'White Water' Daycare Centre

INITIAL DESIGN EXPLORATIONS Through a series of quick experimental precedent plan collaging on site, I started to understand the surrounding land and develop plausible floor plan layouts to respond to it adequately.

1.

By dividing the building into separate volumes, a sense of privacy could be obtained;

2.

Whilst also allowing for the potential ramp to be designed in order to fit in between the building's shape

1

and grant access to the different floor levels within.

2 3.

By adding a large lift suitable for bikes and central to the scheme, accessibility would be enhanced and simplified.

4-5. Crucial to the building's overall performance was orientating it towards the east and south in order to maximize natural light and key views.

3

4

Introducing a 'break' across the building's street-front would successfully allow me to create an outdoor civic space and grant improved access to the route/ramp connecting to the tracks and generate multiple-directional entrances to the building's internal spaces.

Eighteen Dieciocho

5

Nineteen Diecinueve

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PLAN ITERATIONS

EXTERNAL LANGUAGE EXPLORATIONS

Geared toward designing a building that would sit responsively and respectively within the surrounding landscape, I explored different cladding techniques. My focus was on finding a material(s) that could help me merge the large building complex with the site, diminishing the imposing external appearance and 'camouflage' it to make it more familiar and inviting.

Precedent 02 'The Tree House'

Precedent 04 Venecia Park Gallery

Twenty Dieciocho

Precedent 03 Almere's Mirror House

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A NEW HEART FOR THE COMMUNITY ‘The Scape’ is the final proposed building complex. It is designed to adapt responsively to the landscape in which it sits. Its main purpose is to serve as a link/connection between the town (and its residents) and the cycling/walking tracks (and the tourists and visitors).

The proposal consists of three key volumes: the Main Building, the Community Hall, and the 'Camp-Inn' Building; all connected through internal and external access routes in order to form one whole.

Lloyd's Terrace's bus stop has now been re-allocated closer to the facing street's bus stop and placed right by the proposal including a generous covered outdoor waiting space.

Due to the site's significant traffic, special attention has been put to cre-

Twenty one Veintiuno

ating safe crossings, linking the building to the rest of the town.

5 10

Twenty two Veintidos

0 20m

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EXTERNAL ROUTES SOUTH ELEVATION

The Lloyd's T.' front responds to the street's architectonic language by respecting the surrounding building's heights and creating a generous gathering space by enlarging and re-shaping the footway and adding multiple crosswalks in order to ensure secure crossing through the site.

EAST ELEVATION

Additional openings have been placed in the former chapel's east front (respecting the original load-bearing wall structure) in order to maximize the spaces' natural light.

Twenty three Veintitres

NORTH ELEVATION

0

5

10

20m

1.

Entrance to Bar/Cafeteria

‘The S-shaped ramp is the external route that links all building volumes

2.

Bicycle Repair & Gear Store Workshop

together. It is designed to suit walking and cycling respecting the safety

3.

Children-Camp's Canteen (Internal + External Eating)

regulations whilst creating landings to serve as outdoor meeting spaces.

4.

Main Building's Reception

5.

External Stairs (R/R: 200/231.5 mm)

Metaphorically representing forest clearings along 'a walk through the

6.

Children Camp's Grass Field (1:5 slope)

woods'. These 'clearings' allow direct access to all main spaces within

7.

Entrance to Community Hall

the overall proposal from the exterior.

1 Lloyd's Terrace Level 2

4

H.L. External Access

Mid-Threshold Level

3

5

7

A4107 Station R.

6 Cycling Tracks' Level +

195.2

Maesteg R.

A4107

195 +

196.1 +

+ Lloyd's T.

192

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+

181.5 +

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ISOMETRIC

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INTERNAL CIRCULATION STRATEGY Internally, the building is separated into two different 'territories'. The 'private realm' comprehends all floors (except the ground level) of the 'Camp-Inn' building. All rooms within these bounds are spaces strictly private to the camp/hostel occupants. The 'public realm' comprises the 'Camp-Inn's ground floor and both the Main and Community Hall buildings.

A water-powered platform/lift connects all the floors within these last two volumes. The hydraulic lift has been designed as a prominent vertical element in response to the importance of the site's coal-mining past and the many mine shafts that were once present in the Vale of Glamorgan.

Also drawing from the valley's original industrial past in its use of water mills, the lift is planned to make use of the river's natural kinetic energy in order to be powered sustainably. The platform is meant to be used to lift not only people but also bikes, thus its generous dimensions.

200 +

1 Collect

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195

3 Release 180

2 Use

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0

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10

20m

WEST ELEVATION

SECTION A-A'

Floor 1; Study

Youth Club

Floor 0; Cafeteria

A'

Floor -1; Eating & Resting

Community Rooms

Floor -2; Reception

Hall (D. Height)

Floor -3; Plant R. & Storage

7

6 Floor -4; Hall Entrance

4

5

Car

A

3

Water Tank (Pump Unit)

2.

Incoming Water Flow

3.

Water-Lift Controller

4.

Outgoing Water Flow

5.

Hydraulic Piston

6.

Sheave Assembly and Car Frame

7.

Shaft Ventilation

2 1

Car

By creating a closed pipeline route for collecting and transporting water from higher up in the valley, the platform can be driven sustainably whilst also generating additional energy in the process by the use of hydraulic turbines.

HYDRAULIC PLATFORM PLAN AND SECTION

Twenty six Veintiseis

1.

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CYMMER'S NEW MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMMUNITY HALL

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4

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0

5

10

20m

165

160

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+0

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The Community Hall is designed to have an adequate size in

1.

Fountain

relation to Cymmer's populace and to serve the residents and

2.

External Public Circulation Routes

its many active community groups.

3.

Foyer

It can be used for diverse activities (badminton, ping pong, mat

4.

Community Hall

bowling, etc.) and to host varied events (film projections, con-

5.

Water Closet Floor -4

ferences, exhibitions, etc.)

6.

Storage

It openly relates to the cycling path displaying an inviting view

7.

Hydraulic Platform

and creating shelter at the track's level.

8.

Staff Circulation Route

Twenty eight Veintiocho

Floor -4

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Floor -3

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2 + 2.5

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The Community Hall building cantilevers above the walking and cycling path allowing for an internal gallery space to be created within; meant to serve as the 'terraces' space for the Hall, with enough space for seating/stands to be placed.

Located in the NW corner of the gallery is a temporary kiosk designed to be run by the local existing kiosk/newsagent store when events are being held in the Hall.

0

5

10

20m

165

9.

Internal Public Circulation Routes

10. Temporal Kiosk (Run by Teague D.H., Lloyd’s 45) 11.

160

Hall’s ‘Gallery’

12. Water Closet Floor -3 13. Plant Room + Storage 14. Access to Lift Maintenance 155

15. External Foyer 16. Multifunctional Community Room 17. Water Closet Floor -2 18. Main Building Reception 19. Office 20. Staff’s Water Closet 21. School Camp’s Covered Terrace 22. SC’s Multi-activity Room 23. SC’s Water Closets 24. SC’s Coat & Boot’s Storage 25. SC’s Plant Room

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+ 9.5

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Floor -2

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Thirty one Trentaiuno

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20m

165

The middle landing/point of the ramp allows for both Hall and Main building to be connected externally.

160

On this floor, the Hall building hosts a large community room and public toilets; and the Main building provides ramblers and cyclists with a large and welcoming reception floor from where all building floors can be easily accessed, providing plen-

155

ty of space for eating and resting with great views of the site.

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26. Eating & Resting Thirty two Trentaidos

27. Water Closet Floor -1 28. SC’s Uncovered Terrace 29. SC’s Canteen 30. SC’s Kitchen 31. SC’s Pantry Floor -1

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32. Cafeteria

42. Work & Study Room

33. Water Closet Ground Floor

43. Book Wall-Shelf

34. Kitchen

44. Water Closet Floor 1

35. Staff Room + Pantry

45. Cymmer Youth Club’s Rooms

36. Covered Bus Stop

46. CYC’s Kitchen

37. Bicycle Workshop

47. CYC’s Storage Room

38. BW, SC and Exhibition’s Entrance

48. SC Teacher’s Dorm Room

39. BW + SC’s Double Height Bike Storage

49. SC Teacher’s WC

40. SC’s Entrance Hall

50. SC Children’s WC

41. Cymmer’s Historic Society Exhibition Room

51. SC Children’s Dorm Rooms 52. SC Children’s Lounge Room

+ Souvenir Shop

180

185

7

35 34 33 32

Floor 0

36

+ 16

37 39 38

40

+ 16.5

41

Flat 1

Thirty three Trentaitres

Flat 2

E-Bike Hire Store

Kiosk/ Newsagent Store

0

5

10

20m

165

The ground floor of the Main building hosts a cafeteria/bar space that provides sit-in and to-go meals and breakfasts for the

160

hostel's and adjacent apartment/room rental building's occupants.

The 'Camp-Inn' building's ground floor hosts a Bike Repair Workshop to be run by the adjacent E-bike hire business, plen-

155

ty of bike storage space for both the children's camp and the workshop, and an exhibition/souvenir shop space on the former chapel's ground floor (allowing for Cymmer's Historical Society to maintain and upgrade their exhibition space and make it accessible to the public).

The former chapel's front has been altered to keep a symmetrically-designed facade towards the street, and the entrance has been moved towards the building's west extension in order to create a central access point to all spaces within the newly repurposed building.

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Flat 4

Thirty four Trentaicuatro

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Flat 3

Owner's Living Space Tourist Room Rentals

Floor 1

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Thirty five Trentaicinco

A VIBRANT BUILDING

40

32

Though the building's exterior may seem impressive, the interior spaces are designed to be warm and welcoming. Creating a log-cabin-like ambiance through the use of humble materials such as timber, oak plywood wall lining, and textured concrete tile flooring, which allows the exterior ground to merge with the internal spaces of the proposal, extending the public realm

Skylights have been incorporated in the design above the internal access stairs throughout the whole building complex, due to these being situated towards the NW areas of the floor plans.

Thirty six Trentaiseis

from the street towards the interior.

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BOLD APPEARANCE HUMBLE MATERIALIZATION Timber and concrete are used throughout the interiors of the building complex.

Regarding the external appearance, the main materials used are corrugated aluminum cladding sheets and rock-filled gabions.

This last material is employed in order to exaggerate the ideas of both solidity and retention present on the site and throughout the whole village, (as priorly expressed on 'site observation'), whilst allowing the building to blend with the landscape mimicking a ruinous outline.

The materials are selected to be sustainable and allow the large proposal to blend with the landscape and celebrate it rather than shattering it. Thus, the gabion's filling will be collected locally and the aluminum cladding will be recycled and have a reflective finish of 0.5-blur as a way to mirror the

Thirty seven Trentaisiete

surrounding environmental qualities and harmonize with the land, regardless of the seasonal and climate conditions.

1 : 20 A2

0

1

5m

SECTION B-B' THROUGH HALL

a.

Reflective Finish 3mm Aluminium sheets

b.

Continuous Aluminium 2mm Gutter

c.

Impermeable Drainage Layer

d.

20/25mm Clear above insulation for Venting

e.

Water and Air Vapor Membrane

a. b.

c.

d.

e.

Untreated Oak Plywood Board 20mm Cavity Mineral Wool Insulation 160mm Rigid insulation Panel 75mm

Materiality, FACADE and 1:20 Technical Sec. Untreated Oak Plywood Board 20mm

Concrete floor tiles 30mm Foam insulation filler

Exterior Sheathing Gabion 200mm Wall Finish

B'

Thirty eight Trentaiocho

B

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C-C' 1 : 10 / D-D' 1:100 A2

C-C'

ROOF AND GUTTER DETAIL

The aluminum gutters are designed to be hidden from view and naturally follow the roof's sloped outline. The water collected is then redirected towards the hydraulic lift to join the outgoing water flow, passing through the fountain and finally being released to the river's stream.

The building's structure consists of timber frame elements and engi-

Thirty nine Trentainueve

neered timber beams and columns.

ISOMETRIC HALL'S STRUCTURE 1:150/1:50 A2

SECTION THROUGH COMMUNITY HALL's BUILDING

ELEVATIONAL SECTIONS THROUGH C.C's BUILDING 1:100 A2

E-E'

F-F'

The entrance to the 'Camp-Inn' permits easy access to the bike workshop/gear store, storage room, village's historical exhibition hall, and souvenir shop, and finally the 'camp/hostel' comE'

mon spaces and dorm rooms (located in the added 1st floor); all accessed through a spiral staircase in the NW corner of the former chapel building's structure.

E

F

G-G'

F'

To enlarge the pedestrian space in front of the former Bethania chapel, the -1 floor's external disused space has been closed and insulated to create a new usable room and serve as the camp's pantry and storeroom. Light-mirroring wells have been placed in the former window openings in order to maintain natural light and ventilation within the internal spaces.

Forty Cuarenta

G-G' 1:50 A2

Forty one Cuarentaiuno

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By targeting a key site where multiple routes intertwine, more visits to Cymmer and links with the community will be created. This would help the town's public transport links to evolve and improve over time. All this forms part of a greater positive feedback process helping to bridge all villages in the valley once again.

By targeting the valley's youth and promising a rich rural and historical learning context. not only Cymmer, but all other small villages in the region will start to become spots for growth and development inciting more people to join the 'Neorruralism' movement in their search for a rich environment in which to live, work, and raise a family.

The 'Scape' intends to be introduced in Cymmer a milestone in the small village's history, marking the transition from old times to new ones, from the old industry to the new one.

From the old conveniences to the new ones, from the urbanization back to the rural, the new rural. Towards nature, resil-

Forty two Cuarentaidos

ience, and sustainability.

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REFERENCES

Figure 01. SixBellsJunction The Railtour Files; 9678 propelling the stock from Cymmer Afan station towards Cymmer West Jn. [Online] Available at: https://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/641121sr.html [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 02. Vrachanska, K. and Aldebiat, T. 2021. P. 41. Cymmer, Neath-Port Talbot.

Figure 03. BayTrans Afan Forest and Margam Country Parks walks [Online] Available at: http://traveladventures. wales/afan-and-margam/ [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 04. Moody, C. 2020. Cymmer; Wednsday 30 December 2020; 15:05h [Online] Available at: https://www. facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10158784612233972&set=g.301408726717767 [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 05. Vrachanska, K. and Aldebiat, T. 2021. PXL_20210206_133039543.MP. Cymmer, Neath-Port Talbot.

Figure 06. Vrachanska, K. and Aldebiat, T. 2021. PXL_20210206_132414042. Cymmer, Neath-Port Talbot.

Figure 07. Anon 2021. Cymmer.mov; Drone Footage. William Beeston.

Figure 08. CVS Neath Port Talbot 2020. Pen Y Cymoedd's local hero of the month [Online] Available at: https:// www.nptcvs.wales/pen-y-cymoedds-local-hero-of-the-month/ [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 09. UpperAfanFederation 2018. Day 3 of UAF Writers' days - everyone is hard at work planning their presentation for this AFTERNOON. #uafwritersday pic.twitter.com/tr7nbBPVpW [Online] Available at: https://twitter.com/UpperAfanFed/status/978563290526814208 [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 10. Merkov, V. "It's just survival up here" Anger and Austerity in the Welsh Valleys; June Corcoran “If they take the school away the future generations up here will have nothing,” [Online] Available at: https:// www.voice.wales/its-just-survival-up-here-anger-and-austerity-in-the-welsh-valleys [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 11. SixBellsJunction The Railtour Files; The empty train crossing the viaduct whilst running from Cymmer West Jn to Cymmer Corrwg. [Online] Available at: https://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/641121sr. html [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 12. Vrachanska, K. and Aldebiat, T. 2021. PXL_20210206_133643578. Cymmer, Neath-Port Talbot.

Figure 13. Jaggery 2015. Newsagents & general store in Cymmer [Online] Available at: https://www.geograph. org.uk/photo/4361919 [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 14. Charles, G. 2009. The youngest worker at Penmachno Woollen Mill, 1952 [Online] Available at: https:// www.peoplescollection.wales/items/375 [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 15. Ahmad, R. 2015. Planning – Planning Application Documents; Drawings - Plans [Online] Available at: https://planningonline.npt.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=externalDocuments&keyVal=ZZZYFTKZDR930 [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Figure 16. Hotels.com EMTB & B [Online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3fiqtFx (https://uk.hotels.com/

Forty one Cuarentaiuno

ho1575051712?rffrid=sem.hcom.xx.156.020.localuniversal.02.) [Accessed: 13 May 2021].

Precedent 01. 'Hakasui' = white water / Daycare Centre in Sakura, Tokyo / Yamazaki Kentaro Design Workshop

Precedent 02. 'The Tree House' / Black Glass Home in Redberry Grove, London / Ian McChesney

Precedent 03. 'Mirror House' / Modern Flat Deck with Reflective Glass Facade in Almere, the Netherlands / Anouk Vogel and Johan Selbing Precedent 04. 'Gallery of Venecia Park' / Urban Infrastructure Project with a Linear Character in Zaragoza, Spain /

Forty two Cuarentaidos

Héctor Fernández Elorza and Manuel Fernández Ramírez

Julia Garnelo Gutiérrez