ARCH20002 Design Studio Gamma Assignment 1

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

MAPPING & ENVISIONING: PROTOTYPE LIVING NEIBOURHOOD

STUDIO NO. 22 TUTOR: BEN TAN PHEOBE (YI) HUA 1174464 JESSIE (JIAQI) SUN 1174124

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Strength

Community -Historical houses experienced long development -Assembled residential area -Large public garden space(MacArthur Square) -Residential house in urban space Function -Parking area infront of houses Orientation -Individual garden spaces -Mainly North to south direction -Facing street Transformation -Quite wide sidewalk around the assembled residential house -Different size of laneway leading to houses Cultural -Large population -Various culture involved Roof -The usable area of the ​​ roof is large -The backyard faces north with good sunlight Climate -The average climate temperature is 19.9°C, and the climate is suitable

Opportunities

Materiality -Long-living materials -Environmental friendly materials Ecological -More types of vegetation can be planted in MacArthur Space -Introduce more different kinds of animals and insects -Connectivity between greenery spaces -Build a roof garden, large garden space -Use of solar energy -Well use use of ventilation to cool the house -Passive design stretegies -Add multiple community spaces in MacArthur Space (children’s playground, picnic area, flower garden, dog play area) Rainwater management -Laying turf with strong water absorption capacity -Construction of rainwater gardens, vertical gardens In the street -Planting trees on the sidewalk -Add rest benches

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Weakness

Community -Less people attatchment -Residential house in urban space Function -MacArthur Square is less in use -No facilities in MacArthur Square for residents to active in it Orientation -Houses on the south side facing south, may receive less sun light cas in -Garden space are quite small, and gathered in between houses. Natural light may blocked by the houses -Small facade, long depth of the houses, therefore less sunligh shaded into the room -Too many hard ground -Laneways and sidewalks are for long years out of repair -Too crowded Rainwater -Heavy rainfall -Poor drainage measures -Easy to accumulate water Biology -MacArthur Square is less biological -Elm trees have a short lifespan -Fewer plant species

Threats

-High house density -High people density -Limited site area -55 Elgin St, houses at the north side of site -Architecture style

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Melbourne General Cemetery

Neil Street Linear Reserve

MacArthur Place Precint

Murchison Square

Carlton

Melbourne Museum

Royal Exhibition Building

36%

45%

Public Transport

Car

Bicycle

43%

30%

18%

44%

Person Household

Family Household

Group Household

Residential Apartment

6%

Tram Rail Bus Station

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Architecture History

Plans for fencing MacArthur Squares presented to the Council in 1861

1865- Tree planting for 2 rows of elm alternating with pines and a central row of cypress

78 and 82 Carlton Street built by John Gordon, about 1861

1861

It now has a balcony carried on Tuscan columns, dating from about 1878, and appears as if it were always designed as a freestanding block. Only the fact that the verandah floor is lower than the footpath outside gives the clue that is very eartly house, designed before the street levels had been struck.

1897 1878

1856

After 1856, our resident would have been very conscious of Redmond Barry’s house opposite, on a very large site between Drummond and Rathdowne streets, on the south side of Pelham Street. THere is a little contemporary information about this building, despite the fact that it was designed by the prominent architect Joseph Reed, but it later became the core of the Children’s Hospital, and illustrations survive of it in its capacity as ‘the old Surgical Wards’.

1857-Plan for subdivision of Carlton prepared by the Public Lands Office, signed by Clement Hodgkinson. MacArthur Square shown as an ‘Enclosure for Ornamental Reserve’.

Recent decades- Medians installed and tree rows planted in Canning Street and Rathdowne Street.

Some areas of bluestone coursed gutters possibly lifted and re-laid. Some kerbstones replaced at intersecting footpaths.

MacArthur Place North, on MacArthur Square, Carlton, streetscapes

1870

1956

Law Oldfield’s factory in NicholsonStreet, 1888

1917

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1873-0A. 3R 24 P (0.3642 hectares) gazetted as a park and Permanently Reserved 1897- Central, north south path in place; gates in place at each end of each fenced section. Footpaths and bluestone kerbs and gutters to east and west of Reserve, and to adjoining streets.

Greenery

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

MacArthur Place Precint -Exploded Diagram

Roadside Greenery Public Garden Space Elm Tree Other Trees

Multi-Storey

Single Storey Two Storeys More Than Three Storeys

Existing Building

Existing Moving Condition

Commercial Block Residential Block

Road Sidewalk Private Space Greenery Space Existing House Bus station

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

MacArthur Place Precint -Facade Dimension & Architecture Style

12.51

8.11 12.69

2.33

7.99 3.21

2.36 3.02

5.06

4.84

2.62

2.56

18.05

4.41

5.48 2.88

12.58 14.71

12.16

5.71 25.121

Macarthur Square + Iron railings +Sash windows

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+ Red brick wall +Wrought iron fence +Roofs made of slate

5.54

7.80

2 single storey block + 1 double storey block

Terrace houses and attached cottages started to become the dominant housing types of the Late Victorian era. Filigree and decoration on exterior. Often attached, with narrow widths and deep blocks.

+Lace railing +Small front yard +Decorative facade

Victorian Style

Symmetrical design

Contemporary Style

Contemporary Style

semi-private: verandah and balcony

Steel fence panel

Victorian Style

The iron fence encloses the garden

15.75 14.06

3.81

9.04 5.02

3.25

8.64 11.23

7.62 5.89

5.84 2.91

4.66

Contemporary Style Concrete wall

5.45

11.84 3.67

2.88

9.16

7.62

+Bay windows +Symmetrical facade

Side walk Car through Dwelling facade Laneway Facade with threshold

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Late Victorian

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

MacArthur Place Precint -Threshold & Circulation Diagram Driveway to Garage

MacArthur Pl N #6-10

#4

#2

Laneway

Private 4

Semi-private Public

1 1

3

2

2 MacArthur Pl N #6-10

MacArthur Pl N #4

Main circulation Secondary Circulation Threshold N

Private Space Semi-private Space

Scale 1: 500 @ A3

3 PAGE |8 |8

4 MacArthur Pl N #2

Laneway

Public Space

Flora-legend Urbanite Ash Lemon Scented Gum London Plane Red Oak English Elm Pin Oak Smooth-barked apple Small-leaved Linden Prickly Paperbark Jacaranda Scarlet Oak Grassland

Site Analysis:

The site is mainly arbor. There are 20 mature elms trees in MacArthur Square, which form a large boulevard. The trees provide unique light and leafy for the entire square. But elms trees in Melbourne are affected by drought and possum predation.

Now the health of elms trees is very poor, with an average life span of less than 10 years.

The other types of trees on the site are highly tolerant plants, which provide shade while attracting insects and birds, which is conducive to biodiversity.

The density of residences is relatively high, and there is a lack of greening between the residences.

Initial improvement ideas:

A3 1:100

N

+Improve soil conditions +Increase shrubs and herbs +Attract animals as habitat +Roof garden, greening extension +Expand the malleability of greenery between neighbors PAGE |9

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Plant diversity

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Biodiversity and Environmental Facilities Site Analysis:

Biodiversity is scarce in Macarthur Square. Only five kinds of insects live here, and only ants and flies are pollinated and spread. 60% of insect species live in the middle layer-the vegetation between the canopy and ground cover. But there are no insects living on this layer in Macarthur Square.

Initial improvement ideas: ant

beetle

Heteropteran bugs

Sidewalk Residential area

leafhopper

parking space MacArthur PI South

+Increase plant diversity +Plant a large number of middle-layer plants to develop insect habitat

fly

parking space

Macarthur Square

Sidewalk

MacArthur PI North

Residential area

Site Analysis:

Macarthur Square's existing environmental facilities are single, just a shade of grass and elms trees. And some benches for rest. People's activities are mainly dog walking and walking, which cannot meet other demands. Direct sunlight hits the sidewalk on the street.

Initial improvement ideas:

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In the park+Construction of children's amusement facilities +Planning multiple flower gardens +Increase picnic area and corresponding seats and trash cans +Provide ornamental fountain (rainwater management)

In the street: +Sidewalk planting trees +Add rest benches

Population Analysis:

Population=18,535 Population Density=10,300/km2 Families=2,488 Average children per family(for families with children)=1.8 (for all families)=0.2

Gender:

Male—46%

Initial improvement ideas:

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Carlton population density (VIC 5053)

Age

Female—54%

Children—11%

Elderly—6%

Teenager—18%

Adult—65%

+Planning the public facilities of the residence +Regional planning of Macarthur Square

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N

Elgin Street

Canning Street

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Ventilation and climate

MacArthur PI North

Site Analysis:

The residential area of the site is dense, there is no gap between the residence and the residence, it is difficult to form convection from south to north, so as to maintain a good ventilation environment. Many gardens inside the house are partitioned, making it difficult to ventilate.

The climate temperature averages 19.9°C, but the rainfall is heavy.

6-10 4 2

Initial improvement ideas:

Wind Roses

The wind in Melbourne comes mainly from the north. Summer winds are scattered, with southerly winds. The winter wind direction is mainly concentrated in the north.

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Climate

Temperature(annual mean):19.9°C Wind Average:19.85Km/h Rainfull(annual): 786.8mm Rainfull(monthly):65.57mm

+Open more windows on the north side of the house and the south side of the house to allow air to circulate and create good ventilation. +Pave turf with strong absorption capacity in the courtyard

12PM 12PM

Winter

3PM

Sun Path

Winter Sun Summer Sun

9AM

N

Site Analysis:

3PM

In winter, the angle of the sun reaches 29°, and the houses on the site, the front yard, and the back yard are blocked by the shadow of the building and cannot be exposed to the sun. The narrow paths between the houses cannot be exposed to sunlight.

In summer, the angle of the sun reaches 75°, and it is still difficult for the backyard of the houses in the site to be fully exposed to sunlight.

From the overall analysis, the wall blocks most of the sunlight. The usable area of the roof is large, and there is good daylight in both winter and summer.

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Sun Path

9AM

Summer

Initial improvement ideas:

+The fence is demolished and turned into a low shrub as a boundary, which reasonably increases the daylighting and increases the connectivity between the neighborhoods +Add solar panels to save electricity costs +Build a roof garden and make rational use of roof space.

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Stormwater management

Site Analysis:

According to the geographical location of the map, the Macarthur area is on the fringe of the city and has a low population density. The Macarthur area is very far away from the river and cannot quickly discharge rainwater. When the rainfall is heavy, the drainage ditch under the bluestone kerb drains slowly, and it is easy to get water on the road surface.

The water circulation system in the Macarthur area is weak, the urban heat island effect cannot be implemented, and the transpiration of plants is weak.

All the water that rolls down from roofs, yards, and streets is easily contaminated when it moves down to the lowest altitude. After a series of pollution sources, the nutrients it absorbed while moving actually caused significant damage to the surrounding ecosystem.

Bluestone kerbstones and coursed bluestone pitcher gutters

Kerb and coursed gutter meeting the lawn surface.

Initial improvement ideas:

+Construct rainwater gardens to filter rainwater runoff from drains +Increase the green area (roof garden, facade garden) to increase transpiration in the water cycle +Set up fountain facilities to recycle rainwater +Set up flower beds on the side of the street to effectively absorb rainwater Rainfall

Rainfall

Gutter

Soil Rainwater runoff Pipe|drainage PAGE 14

River

Elgin Street

Canning Street

Site Analysis:

According to the degree of color shown in the three drawings, the installation of cool roof and solar panels is basically unconstrained, but the current roof cannot withstand the placement of roof gardens, which cannot increase the diversity of plants and improve the transpiration of plants.

Initial improvement ideas:

In the construction of massing, a roof garden and solar panels are set up to maximize the utilization of the roof.

Additional roof project MacArthur PI North N

Rooftop Adaptation Cool

Rooftop Adaptation Solar

Green Rooftop Extensive

Too Constrained

Too Constrained

Highly constrained

Highly constrained

Constrained

Constrained

Moderately constrained

Moderately constrained

Low constraint

Low constraint

No constraint

No constraint PAGE |15

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— The Rooftop Project

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Design intervention: —— Macarthur Square Build a children’s playground to meet the needs of children

Flowerbed

Dog play area Picnic area

Children playground

Fountain

Provide a play area for the dog

Plan multiple flower beds to provide habitat for insects

Superb fairy-wren

Birds are a highly mobile group of animals that use low shrubs as shelters to spread pollen.

Provide ornamental fountains, which form water recycling and reuse to reduce rainwater discharge on the site.

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Scaevola aemula

Features white, blue or purple fan-shaped flowers to increase biodiversity

Flowerbed

Dog play area Picnic area

Children playground

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Design intervention: —— Macarthur Square Fountain

Increase the placement of trash cans to meet the problem of insufficient trash cans

Plant dwarf shrubs to increase biodiversity

Increase picnic area to create leisure time for parents and children on weekends

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Design intervention: ——MacArthur Place South

Figbird

They use figs as their main food source, and they can spread seeds as highly mobile birds.

Set up facade gardens to improve air quality and make effective use of rainwater discharge

The roof garden increases the green area and adds transpiration in the water cycle Reduce urban heat island effect Pergola provides shade for the roof garden

Licuala ramsayi

With large fan-shaped fronds. They are a good shade plant.

Bacteantha ‘Dargan Hill’

Good heat-resistant plants can accept light and non-light environments and have strong vitality.

Attract bees, butterflies and other insects to collect nectar.

Brachyscome

The flowers are adaptable and they can grow almost anywhere.

Plant trees on the street to increase shading on the road

Butterfly

Pollinate plants to develop biodiversity PAGE | 18

Increase the benches along the street to provide people with a short rest area

Add solar panels to the north to save electricity costs and maximize the use of roof space

Red wattlebird

honeyeaters, they live in garden spaces or parks

The roof garden increases the green area and adds transpiration in the water cycle

Construct a Rain Garden to filter rainwater runoff from drains

Vertical garden planting ferns with strong vitality Ferns can adapt to light and no light Vertical garden plants are rooted in the wall modules, so plants get water and nutrients from the system The vertical garden effectively reduces the area water problem when it rains

After the rain falls from the sky, water the roof garden first. Secondly, rainwater falls to the vertical garden through house pipes, providing water resources for the vertical garden. Afterwards, turf with strong water absorption capacity will be laid on both sides of the house and rain gardens will be set up to further divert the rainwater management pressure, and finally solve the problems of drainage and water accumulation.

Bee Pave turf with strong absorption capacity in the courtyard, and plant flowers and plants to increase the malleability of greening

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Design intervention: ——MacArthur Place South and Elgin Street

Pollinate plants and spread pollen

Beetle

Insects like moist ferns PAGE |19

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Precedent Study —— Brooks + Scarpa Design a Toolkit for Affordable Housing

The Nest LivingHome is installed through different multi-family housing components, and the house can be configured in a variety of ways according to the existing site types and apartment needs. These residential components form a series of potential unit plans, and the "box" form can leave more outdoor space and courtyard garden space for people.

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Precedent Study —— Brooks + Scarpa Design a Toolkit for Affordable Housing

The Nest provides supportive public spaces, the courtyard garden and the roof garden are visually closely connected, and the split-level greening design makes the neighborhood space malleable. It can be seen from the section that both sides are ventilated, forming a good temperature environment and forming a microclimate inside the space.

+Make reasonable use of roof space for power generation, with solar panels facing north. +Collect all rainwater for storage and use, such as a roof garden.

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Precedent Study -Gen Y / Step House Gen Y / Step House

Architect: David Barr Architects Location: White Gum Valley, Western Australia Project Year: 2016 Category: Private House The apartments are arranged as tthree interlocking units, “like a Tetris puzzle”- a formaation that enables each unit to access natural northern light and cross ventilaationn. Engaging with street y eliminating fences. Instead, brick plater boxes wrap around the edge of the site. “ The overall appearance is just like a single residential home,” Barr said. “It’s almost liike stealth density’ where it appears like it could sit quite harmoniously within the context of the rest of tthe street.”

“The Gen Y House represents a departure from the traditional old-style brick and concrete triplex developments withh isolated homes, replacing this with a clever, climate-responsive design that delivers more for less,” said Frank Marra, chief executive of LandCorp. “Multiple sustainability initiatives have been implemented at the house, including the use of lightweight building materials, solar passive design, a shared underground rainwater rank and the installation of a ground breaking trial for a shared solar battery storage system.

Massing Block

Site Map

Mass Block Cut Off

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Central Courtyard

Outdoor terrace

Different Layers of outdoor space

North Elevation

Ventilation

North Elevation

Section

Height of block rise up on the South side inorder to let all blocks to receive the most natural light

Lots of window set on North and South walls inorder to cause natural ventilation across the house

Sun Path

Floor Plan

Section

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CONCEPT

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Concept Outline The main concept is to build the connection between spread-out-greenery spaces, including public and private garden area, which inorder to strengthen the ecological feature. Meanwhile, it can enhance the engagement with the MacArthur Square. According to this, a development of MacArthur Square is needed with more facilities settled, which will rise the human activity in it.

Site Plan Original Greenery Space Lawn, tree and shrub

N Concept Site Plane Communal Greenery Space

Scale 1: 200 @ A3

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Concept Outline

MASSING

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Exploded Diagram

Circulation Diagram

Threshold Diagram Horizontal Movement Indoor Circulation

Public

Private

Outdoor

Indoor

Outdoor Circulation

Third Floor

Second Floor

First Floor

Horizontal Plane

Massing Block

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Massing -Exploded Diagram

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Solar Envelopes and Solar Fans

Solar fans said that on this entire plot, the area irradiated by the sun has not been affected by the surrounding neighbors.

Solar Fans

6m 4.4m

6m

Solar Envelopes Solar envelopes are generated with the moving light of the sun, showing the surface where the sun shines to the maximum.

In the block designed by our group, irregular boxes are generated through data. The height of the house is less than or equal to the height of the block, and the house and grass can be completely exposed to the sun. Maximize lighting in the space.

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ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Massing Ventilation

Ground floor

First floor

Indoor ventilation Outdoor ventilation

Second floor

+Ventilated building +Air circulation +Increase lighting area PAGE |29

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Mapping and Analysing the MacArthur Place Precint: —— Massing Analysis Roof Garden

——Public communication space Flower garden (increase plant diversity) Tengman pergola (increase plant transpiration) Multi-level roof garden (extensibility of view)

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Rainwater management

——Reasonable use of rainwater Vertical garden (wall irrigation system) Reservoir (watering plants) Water circulation path (reduce rainwater discharge)

Additional details

——Other designs in the house Lay turf with strong water absorption capacity(dry) Courtyard public communication space Laying solar panels (saving electricity bills)

Transformation

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Amess+St,+Melbourne+VIC,+Australia/@-37.7980161,144.9725348,83m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x6ad643398f1aee8f :0x4eb460b903ade10d!8m2!3d-37.7835984!4d144.9740714

The population density

https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC20492

Biodiversity

http://biodiversity.melbourne.vic.gov.au/insects/index.html#/

Plant diversity

http://melbourneurbanforestvisual.com.au/bigmap.html

Climate and ventilation

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml

Rainwater management

https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/hdp.au.prod.app.com-participate.files/4914/7071/5069/Macarthur_Square_Heritage_Review.PDF

Park addition facility survey form

https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/sitecollectiondocuments/nature-in-the-city-strategy.pdf

Birds

https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2017/02/guide-to-bird-watching-in-sydney/ Specific varieties of flowers and shrubs https://www.bhg.com.au/australian-native-plants

Rainwater runoff problem

https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2018/04/03/stormwater-runoff-rain-flood/ Rain garden https://www.thisoldhouse.com/gardening/21016338/how-to-build-a-rain-garden-to-filter-run-off

Architectural style

file:///C:/Users/Phoeb/OneDrive/Desktop/secret_agent_melbourne_building_styles.pdf

Precedent 1-David Barr Architects

https://archello.com/project/gen-y-step-house https://architectureau.com/articles/gen-y-demonstration-housing-project/

Precedent 2-Architect: Brooks + Scarpa

https://www.plantprefab.com/models/brooks+scarpa-nest-livinghome-toolkit https://www.archdaily.com/927411/brooks-plus-scarpa-design-a-toolkit-for-affordable-housing PAGE |31

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

Appendix: —— References

ARCH20002 DESIGN STUDIO GAMMA

CONTRIBUTION

PAGE NUMBER

Site analysis SWOT Site Analysis Architecture History Threshold & Circulation Diagram Facade Dimension Architecture Style Analysis Site Exploded Diagram Plant diversity Biodiversity + Environmental Facilities Carlton Population Density (VIC 5053) Ventilation & Climate Sun Path Rainwater Management The Rooftop Project Collage 1 Collage 2 Collage 3 Collage 4

2 2 3 4 5 6-7 6-7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Pheobe (Yi) Hua Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Pheobe (Yi) Hua Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua

Brooks + Scarpa Design a Toolkit for Affordable Housing Gen Y / Step House

20-21

Pheobe (Yi) Hua

22-23

Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun

Concept outline

25 26 27 28 29 30

Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun

SITE ANALYSIS

PRECEDENT STUDY

CONCEPT MASSING

Exploded Diagram Solar Envalope+Fans Ventilation Diagram Massing Analysis

APPENDIX Reference

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Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Pheobe (Yi) Hua Jessie (Jiaqi) Sun