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Re-imagined The future of K12 education

by David Havens

Catalyzed by technology, education is undergoing major change Towards greater personalization and access

95% 80%

2

of teachers agree that technology use in the classroom can enhance student learning agree that their students’ learning is more engaging when using technology N = 17,624 teachers

5 STATES

EVERY 4 DAYS

5:1RATIO

require online coursework to graduate

a new edtech company is funded

of student to tablet by 2015

Source: Brightbytes, ambient insights, http://kpk12.com/states/

The time is now to re-imagine our education system

Outline Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

Systemic Challenges [4] New Landscape [15] Re-imagined tools [29] New instructional models [39] Appendix

3

1 Systemic Challenges “The notion of education as a public good that facilitates socioeconomic mobility for all citizens is at the heart of the American public education system.�

Emily Dalton Smith Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Percentage of low-income students increasing

5

48% of public school students are now eligible for free or reduced lunch

2011

2000 51%

51% 56%

+10%

50%

51% 57% 55%

54% 68%

63% 60%

Note: The report did not include D.C. because its school system is too small relative to those of states

Percentage of low-income students 30 40 50%

50%

55% 60% 60% 57% 71% 55% 66% 56% 50%

*students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunches

Source: http://m.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/study-almost-half-of-public-school-students-are-now-low-income/280664/

Children in higher income households are improving faster It’s not just the bottom getting left behind – the top 10% financially are pulling away academically Income Achievement Gaps Average difference in standardized test scores between income percentiles

Reading, 1943-2000 Birth Cohorts 1.4

90th/50th achievement gap

1.2 1 0.8 0.6

50th/10th achievement gap

0.4 0.2 0 1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

Cohort Birth Day Source:

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/no-rich-child-left-behind/

1990

2000

6

US per pupil spending varies 300% across states

7

In 2011, ranged from $6212 (Utah) to $19076 (New York)

Per Pupil Current Spending (2009)

Wyo. $18,068 Utah $7,217

$0 - $9,350 $9,351 - $10,550 $10,550 – 12,000 $12,000 - $13,500 $13,501 - $18,5100

AK, HI

Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016

Students of color are underrepresented in top schools Over 50% of white students are in the top 30% of schools Percentage Of Subgroups Attending Top, Middle, and Bottom performing schools

Percentage of students

100%

80%

60% Top 30% of schools Middle 40%

40%

Bottom 30%

20%

0%

African-American

Source:

Latino

Economically Disadvantaged

http://www.edtrust.org/sites/edtrust.org/files/publications/files/Access%20Denied.pdf

White

Notes: In K12 schools in California, based off API scores (2009)

8

Living in poverty lowers chance of academic success 22% of children with a year of poverty do not graduate

Children without Poverty

Children with Poverty Experience 26%

Dropout Rates

22%

11%

9%

6% 2%

Total

Proficient

Not Proficient

60% Of prison inmates are functionally illiterate Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf , http://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html

9

Teacher satisfaction at lowest level since 1986 Principal satisfaction down, too. Teacher stress has increased since 1985.

10

Teacher Job Satisfaction Through the Years (% Very Satisfied)

Series 1 70% 60% 50% 40%

40%

50%

44%

40%

54% 52%

57% 56%

44%

33%

62%

59% 44%

39%

30% 20% 10% 0% 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1995 2001 2003 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012

Base: Teachers (2012, n=1,000)

Source: https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/foundation/MetLife-Teacher-Survey-2012.pdf, http://kaleyperkins.com/as-teacher-satisfaction-plummets-educator-finds-way-to-teach-from-the-trunk/

And despite spending 2nd most on education‌ K-12 Spending Per Student In The OECD

Source: OECD, 2009 Education at a Glance

11

United States lags in basic literacy and numeracy skills Based off OECD assessment of adult skills, 2013 Distribution of numeracy proficiency scores

Distribution of literacy proficiency scores

#17 #22 Source: http://skills.oecd.org/OECD_Skills_Outlook_2013.pdf

12

United States is below average in equity and achievement 13 Based off OECD Program for International Student Assessment, 2012 PISA scores

SES

Source: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ (slide 7)

Summary

14

Ø

Income Inequality is growing and has powerful implications on educational attainment

Ø

The conditions of poverty can create academic challenges and correlate to dropout rates

Ø

When compared internationally, US lags in both equity and achievement

Source: Committee on Education Funding

Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

2 New landscape “It’s not about the technology; it’s about sharing knowledge and information, communicating efficiently, building learning communities and creating a culture of professionalism in schools.

These are the key responsibilities of all educational leaders.”

Marion Ginapolis Superintendent at Lake Orion Public Schools

45 states adopt Common Core - national goals for student learning 16 Pushing students to think critically, collaboratively, creatively

Common core adoption across the USA

Adopted Not Yet Adopted

Source: corestandards.org, Aug 22, 2013

Rising focus on noncognitive factors to improve student agency

17

New academic mindsets and learning strategies linked to school success

Innovative disposition

Growth Social Emotional Intelligence

Grit

Cultural Competency Leads to a desire to look smart

Fixed Mind-set

Intelligence is static

Leads to a desire to learn

Growth Mind-set

Intelligence can be developed

Character Effort

Habits of scholarship Creativity

Perseverance

Sources: Angela Duckworth: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Grit%20JPSP.pdf, Carol Dweck: http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=32124

Technology is ubiquitous in the classroom

97%

of teachers have at least one computer in the classroom

94%

enter or view grades using electronic system

40%

of teachers use technology often in the classroom

5:3

current average ratio Student : Computer

5M

iPads in K12

Source: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf, http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46

18

Learning can continue beyond the school building With US smartphone and tablet owners on the rise U.S. Smartphone and Tablet Owners 140 120

(millions)

100 80 60 40 20

Smartphone Owners

Tablet Owners

0

Source: Pew Research Center, comScore, U.S., census bureau, http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf Note: Includes smartphones owners over age of 13 and tablet owners over age of 18

19

Teacher demographics are changing Younger teachers more comfortable with technology Age of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08

40% under 30 digital natives!

Source: 96% number from http://blog.edmentum.com/leading-way-education-technology, http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll

20

Tech companies bring devices and content ecosystems to K12 21 Apple dominates hardware while Google Apps for Education (GAFE) grows rapidly App stores deliver rich, diverse content

Cost of hardware lowers; “hardware-as-a-service� enables new buying flexibility

Samsung

Amplify

Microsoft

Apple

Source: apple.com, google.com, samsung.com, edmodo.com, schoology.com

Google

Though serious tech infrastructure challenges remain

93%

of computers have internet access

72%

of schools lack adequate bandwidth to use 1:1 devices in every classroom

<1%

of schools have adequate bandwidth for 2017 estimates

BUT

Source: http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46

22

State and local budgets are tightening

23

K-12 Funding Sources U.S. K-12 Education Spending YoY Growth by Fiscal Year, 1991-2011

State and Local Budget Surplus/Shortfall by Fiscal Year, 1990-2015F

Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall Historical

$B

43 45 47

55

-85 -105

Source: The Parthenon Group

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

0

2004

1 2003

-103

2

2002

Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall

3

2001

-76

4

2000

-59

-36 -52

1999

-37 Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall -45 -47

-45 -65

5

-21

1998

-25

-16

1997

-125 -5

6 -4 -2 -5

1996

-85 35 -105 15

7

1995

-65

6

1994

-45

14

8

1993

-25

5 8

Series 1

1992

-5

13

18

34

% 9

1991

15

17

29

42

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E

35

46

Forecasting

Venture capital flows into K-12: 74 financings in 2012 $427m from angels and institutional funders, transaction size ranges from $.2-80m

Source: http://www.newschools.org/blog/closer-look

24

Angel investment fueling early stage edtech

25

Breakdown of NSVF)Syndicate)Investors) NSVF co-investors reveals demographics of capital sources Socially#aligned#and#tradi:onal#venture#ďŹ rms#are#an#increasingly#important#part#of#the#Seed#Fund's# funding#network#

Composition of NSVF Syndicate Investors

30%#

20%#

2012# Source: NSVF

2013# Composi6on)of)NSVF)Syndicated)Investors)

Founda:ons#

Tradi:onal#VC#

Angel#Investors#

Socially#Aligned#Investors#

Founda:ons#

Tradi:onal#VC#

0%#

Angel#Investors#

10%#

Socially#Aligned#Investors#

Percentage)of)Dollars)Syndicated)

40%#

The economy demands new skills In computer science alone, a one million job shortage In 2020: 51,474 graduates / 122,300 CS jobs 100 Million dollars from Obama for jobs in education 1,000,000 more jobs than students by 2020

9 out of 10 schools donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t even offer programming classes

1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000

1.4million

computing jobs

400000 200000

400,000 computer science students

0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Source: https://www.zdnet.com/vc-firm-study-high-skilled-stem-talent-shortage-in-u-s-is-real-7000016053

26

Educational attainment is correlated to higher earnings And lower unemployment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

27

Summary

28

Ø The Common Core State Standards will allow for states to collaborate and compare data as students think more critically Ø Younger teachers and newer jobs pave the way for innovation and technology (which is everywhere) Ø Consumer technology companies enter K12 market with hardware + software

Source: Committee on Education Funding

Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

3 Re-imagined Tools Used by over 25 million students in US K12

“We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it is the pen and paper of our time, and it is the lens through which we experience much of our world.”

David Warlick North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction

Re-imagination of literature One size fits all Ă ď&#x192; personalized and interactive Print, static, limited to physical supply

30 Accessible anywhere, customized by teacher, personalized

Re-imagination of current events Periodic updates Ă ď&#x192; real time stories with comprehension checks Print, updated weekly, standardized

Accessible anywhere, personalized, adaptive

31

Re-imagination of behavior management Sticker charts Ă ď&#x192; ongoing feedback and behavior tracking Labor intensive, limited data, not visible to parents or guardians

32

Mobile, quick, accessible to parents and guardians

Re-imagination of engagement Abstract and standardized problems Ă ď&#x192; relevant and personalized content Generic, often irrelevant to the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; life

33

Problems based on personal interest and real world applications

Re-imagination of assessment formats Deterministic and summative Ă ď&#x192; open-ended and formative Right or wrong, guessing is prevalent

Real time enables more tailored instruction and quick adjustments

34

Re-imagination of credentialing Physical diplomas à credentialing and e-portfolio services

Brand focused, lacks visibility into skills

35 Tracks progress, competency, and mastery – useful to employers

Re-imagination of data Report cards Ă ď&#x192; interactive dashboards Static, quarterly reports with little qualitative data

36 Real-time, accessible, more nuanced and diverse data, can be mastery based

Re-imagination of teacher training

37

From static resources to interactive video and assistance One size fits all, theory-heavy programs

Online, personalized, simulation based, focus on skill mastery

Summary

38

Ø Every corner of the education system is being touched by innovation and/or technology Ø Many startups are targeting districts or systems to make the analytics, outcome measuring, technology, and buying more streamlined and efficacious Ø View the entire edsurge edtech index (originally by NewSchools) here: https://www.edsurge.com/products/

Source: Committee on Education Funding

Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

4 New instructional models â&#x20AC;&#x153;Our collective charge in K-12 innovation today should go beyond merely designing and producing new tools. Rather, our focus should primarily be to design new classroom models that take advantage of what these tools can do.â&#x20AC;?

Joel Rose Founder, New Classrooms

Lab Rotation

40

Students receive instruction from teacher and practice online Student groups rotate between traditional classroom and online instruction in a computer or learning lab Classroom with computers

Classroom with teacher

Group A

eg: Milpitas Schools District, original Rocketship

Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/, https:// phs.pusdk12.org/library

Flex Rotation

41

Students work at own pace with small group sessions when needed

Students learn primarily online in a brick and mortar school location Classroom with computers

eg: Carpe Diem Schools, Summit

Group A

Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/

Classroom Rotation

42

Learn basics online, practice in groups, and go beyond with teacher Students groups rotate between traditional classroom instruction and online instruction within the classroom Group with computers

eg: KIPP Empower Academy, Alliance Public Schools, Mission Dolores Academy Group with teacher

Small work groups

Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/

Flipped Classroom

43

Watching content at home frees up class time to go deeper

Classroom Flip provides opportunity for

uses

The Learning Environment

Learning Through Activity

Anecdotal student achievement results can be dramatic, reducing failure rates by 30% in several cases. To do so needs thoughtful implementation:

Create conditions for success

Plan

Implement

Improve

influences

influences

To see a detailed implementation guide, visit: Educational Technology

Source: http://www.knewton.com/flipped-classroom/

http://learningaccelerator.org/media/5965a4f8/DLNSS.BL2PDF.9.24.13.pdf

Charter schools also growing to support new models

44

With over 5000 schools and 2.3 million students, many focused on high needs areas INCREASE IN CHARTER SCHOOLS AND ITS STUDENTS

NUMBER OF NEW & CLOSED CHARTER SCHOOLS

2500

10000

2000 1500

8000

Schools

6000

H

ROWT : 135% G

10 YRS

1000

4000

# of schools

Thousands

600

NEW schools

550 500 450 400 350 300 250

500

2000

CLOSED schools

200 150

0

0 2002-2003

2007-2008

Enrolled Students

Source:

2012-2013

Number of Schools

http://www.uscharters.org/2013/01/us-charter-school-movement-reaches-new.html

100 2007

2008

2009

2010

School year

2011

2012

Summary

45

Ø Schools are changing the way time is spent in the classroom Ø With improved data feedback from tech to teacher, teachers can better tailor instruction to individuals or groups dynamically Ø Many schools are experimenting with new models, and we will see much more innovation to come

Source: Committee on Education Funding

Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

46

So, you want to re-imagine education?

JOIN IN

47

JOIN OUR COMMUNITY

ATTEND AN EVENT

newschools.org/community edsurge.com/events Ø http://www.newschools.org/entrepreneurs

WORK FOR A START UP edsurge.com/jobs

LEARN MORE newschools.org/entrepreneurs

48

Appendix

US lags even in basic technology proficiency Like coordinating and updating reservations online

49

Parents expect more than 3 R’s from education systems

When asked which result was “most essential” in K12 after reading, math, and STEM education, parents were divided:

Vocational Preparation 15% 24%

Citizenship, Democracy, and Leadership skills High Test Scores

16%

Openness to Diversity 16% Arts and Music instruction

14% 15%

Source: What Parents Want: Education Preferences and Trade-offs (A Fordham Report)

College Acceptance

50

New â&#x20AC;&#x153;Deeper thinkingâ&#x20AC;? tests are harder As new standards roll out, test scores fall (public and private)

Percentage of New York City students who were proficient

Source: New York State Education Department

51

Higher income students more likely to attend selective college

52

20% of Americans control 95% of the wealth

53

And dramatically different opportunities are available to that 80%

Bottom 80% : 11% of net worth

Bottom 80% : 5% of financial wealth 5%

11% 11% 35%

12%

Top 1% Next 4% Next 5%

14%

42%

13%

Next 10% Bottom 80% 28%

Net worth distribution, 2010

Source: http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html

30%

Financial wealth distribution, 2010

Over $687 billion spent on US K-12, mostly state and local 54 According to the Global Silicon Valley estimates

K-12 Funding Sources (1971-2009)

Source: Committee on Education Funding

Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

Financially struggling students overrepresented in pool of dropouts Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating from High School

Poverty Experience of All Children

Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating

No 30%

Yes 38% No 62%

Source:

Yes 70%

http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf

55

Teachers have fewer years of experience Years of Experience of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08

Source http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll :

56

Different majors lead to different earnings

Source:

http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/09/10/219372252/the-most-and-least-lucrative-college-majors-in-1-graph

57