Strategic Facilities Assessment

DUFFIELD ATRIU M Str a tegic F a cilities A ssessment

CLIENT: Duffield Hall,

College of Engineering, Cornell University

PROJECT This document assesses how closely DETAILS:

aligned Duffield Hall’s Atrium currently

stands in relation to their core values and provides design recommendations on how to minimize the gap between the actual and ideal user experience.

DATES: Start - 09/23/2017

Finish - 12/08/2017

BY: Kaitlin Blakemore

Jenifer Duong Zack Hoffman Kelly To

Course:

DEA 2550 Design Strategy and Management

Instructor: Denise Ramzy 1

Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 03

DESIGN CRITERIA 29

DESIGN BRIEF 05

BUSINESS CASE 31

SITE ANALYSIS 09 EXTERNAL FACTORS 10 INTERNAL FACTORS 11 SPACE USAGE 14

ENVISIONING EXPERIENCE 35 PERSONA: JOHN 36 PERSONA: CLAIRE 37 PERSONA: CLARK 38

STAKEHOLDERS 15

STAKEHOLDER GROUPS 16

STAKEHOLDER DIAGRAM 17

CONCLUSION 39

CONCLUSION 40

MEET THE AUTHORS 41

VISIONING 19 OVERVIEW 20 PROCESS 21

VALUES & INSIGHTS 22

APPENDIX 43 CASE STUDIES 44 CHE COMMONS 45 GOOGLE 46 INTERVIEWS 47 STAFF 48 STUDENTS 49 STUDENT GROUPS 50 SUMMARY 51

DESIGN EVALUATION 23 EXPERIENCE MAP S 24 GAP ANALYSIS 26 SWOT ANALYSIS 27

Interior view, Duffield Hall

Exterior view, Duffield Hall

Exterior view, Pew Engineering Quad

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Executive Summary Approach

To inform our research of Duffield Hall’s Atrium, we examined case studies of similar organizations, and held a visioning session and interviews with key stakeholders. The stakeholders we’ve identified are majority students, faculty, staff and student organizations.

We conducted two site analyses, one detailing the context and general information of the space and another mapping space usage by time into three behavior maps. We have also observed users within the space to create an actual experience map and an ideal experience map, then conducting a gap analysis on that information. We also conducted a SWOT analysis to look at the internal and external factors affecting Duffield Hall.

Findings & Recommendations

From our data collection, we have developed recommendations in the form of a design criteria, a business case and an envisioning of three ideal experiences. The issues and concerns of Duffield Hall’s atrium fell into three categories: space, services and systems. Within those categories, we sought opportunity where Duffield could provide more necessary resources, attract more users, tailor to the user experience, and integrate both advanced technology and access to nature.

Cornell University / College of Engineering / Duffield Hall DEA 2550 / Design Strategy & Management / FA17 / Cornell University

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Design Brief

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Design Brief Client Information:

Design Opportunities:

CLIENT

UX

1. Increase Resources:

values

UX

2. Improve User Experience:

Duffield Hall, a facility of the Cornell University College of Engineering.

Collaboration, community, inclusion, engagement, innovation, and well-being

VISION

Provide more useful resources to support varying user needs and improve engagement Address inconsistencies of the interior environment and building systems within the Atrium to improve engagement and support collaboration.

To bring students together as a community in an environment that underscores Duffield Hall’s key values by promoting crossdisciplinary interaction, collaboration, innovation, and user well-being.

4. Diversify user demographics:

Design Challenge:

5. Incorporate advanced technology:

To make Duffield Hall the hub for the College of Engineering and Cornell University by:

Reflecting the key values of Duffield Hall

UX

Improving the user experience

Increase use of Atrium by students and faculty of all colleges within Cornell University in order to encourage cross-disciplinary interaction, build community, and foster inclusion Provide technology that supports the collaboration, innovation and productivity of users

6. Provide Access to Nature:

Incorporate horticulture and views of nature from inside the atrium to promote a relaxing environment for users that supports well-being

Embracing diversity

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Research Process Stage 1: preliminary research Hold a visioning session Examine Case Studies * Interview key stakeholders *

Photo of participants in visioning session

Stage 2: Observations Conduct a site analysis Map space usage Observe user behaviors

Observational photo of Atrium space usage

Stage 3: Analysis Map user experience Analyze gaps in experience Generate a SWOT analysis

'Enter' phase of current user experience

Stage 4: Recommendations Synthesize design criteria Develop business cases Envision the ideal experience

'Enter' phase of ideal user experience

* In Appendix

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Site Analysis

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Site Analysis External factors Cornell University: PEW Engineering Quad Duffield Hall (northeast corner) is one of seven buildings that frame the Pew Engineering Quad at Cornell University.

The remaining six buildings are: Upson Hall, Kimball Hall, Thurston Hall, Bard Hall, Hollister Hall, and Carpenter Hall.

This location is where engineering students have the majority of their classes.

The northern entrance, which faces Central Campus and away from the Engineering Quad, sees the most foot traffic.

View of Cornell University Pew Engineering Quad

Context within Cornell’s Campus Duffield Hall is located near Collegetown, where the majority of upperclassmen live.

The northern entrance to Duffield Hall sits at the intersection of Campus Road and East Avenue, a high point for both vehicle and foot traffic.

Neighboring buildings include: Gates Hall, Phillips Hall, Statler Hall, Sage Hall, and Olin Hall.

Duffield Hall is also close to the athletic facilities on campus, including Barton Hall, Teagle Hall, Lynah Rink, and Schoellkopf Field.

Map of Duffield Hall and surrounding buildings at Cornell University

Surrounding City: Ithaca, NY Ithaca, a small city in upstate New York, is home to two universities: Ithaca College and Cornell University. The city hosts a large array of festivals, art shows, and concerts and is known for its 25 wineries.

Transportation:

Local: Tompkins County Area Transit (TCAT, bus system) Regional: Ithaca Tompkins Regional Airport

Population: Median Household Income:

30,756 people $30,436.00

Map of downtown Ithaca, NY in relation to Cornell University

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Site Analysis INTERNAL factors General building description Duffield Hall, one of the main Cornell Engineering buildings on campus, supports nanoscience research and engineering studies. The building is intended to facilitate the collaboration of multidisciplinary groups of researchers and students.

The atrium space, the only large, open area dedicated to undergraduate engineering collaborative work, is open 24/7 and offers a variety of working spaces. The atrium also houses Mattin’s Cafe, a food and beverage vendor.

Building Characteristics Address: Gross Area: Net Area:

343 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 149,762 SF 129,192.00 SF

Internal Facilities:

Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility PARADIGM Labs Cornell Biotechnology Center Cornell Center for Materials Research

Division of Space The Duffield Atrium is divided into the following sections, all of which are named according to their donor:

Dwight C. Baum Atrium: Work Day Atrium: John Swanson Atrium: Mattin's Cafe Atrium Terrace: Goldman Lounge: Work Day Table:

John Swanson Atrium

3,724 Sq. Ft. 1,527 Sq. Ft. 3,359 Sq. Ft. 2,081 Sq. Ft. 621 Sq. Ft. 36 Sq. Ft.

Mattin's Cafe Atrium Terrace

Work Day Atrium

Goldman Lounge Exterior view of Duffield Hall from Pew Engineering Quad

Exterior view of Duffield Hall from Central Campus

Annotated map of Duffield Atrium

Dwight C. Baum Atrium

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Site Analysis INTERNAL factors Continued Internal Views The atrium space offers limited views to the outdoors or nature; views are focused internally.

Users within the main hall have a wide view of the atrium, the brightly lit ceiling, and the upper floor walkways.

The only exterior views are through the Campus Road entrance or the wall of floor-to-ceiling windows.

From Campus Road, there is a direct view of East Avenue’s Statler Hall and the Johnson Business School. From the back of the building, users can see the Engineering Quad and Hoy Field.

LEFT: Interior view of corridor leading to Atrium RIGHT: Interior view of Atrium windows

Lighting Windows and skylights in the atrium space provide substantial natural light during the day.

The wall of floor-to-ceiling windows has a coating that adds a subtle texture and pattern to soften potential glare from direct sunlight.

Users complain of the insufficient and overly yellow light present at night.

Interior view of overhead lighting system in Atrium

Acoustics The high ceilings in the Atrium allow sound to diffuse upwards, keeping conversations at a low, unobtrusive level.

Usually there is a high volume of people within the space, but their experience is not affected by noise disruptions.

There is a cafe, but because of its small size, any noise is contained within its designated space.

Interior views of high ceilings in Atrium

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Site Analysis INTERNAL factors Continued Building Systems and Furniture There are few complaints of drops in temperature during the winter season, which indicates a quality HVAC system and well-treated, low U-value windows.

The current seating arrangements facilitate circulation between key points in Duffield Hall and its connected buildings, Phillips and Upson Hall.

A ramp near Mattin’s Cafe further promotes accessibility and circulation.

Functions of Space

Work: The high-top tables in the middle of the Atrium and the tables closest to the window are used for individual work. The alcoves in the corridor are used for both individual and group work, offering increased privacy. The remaining tables seat up to four people.

Circulation: Another use of Duffield Hall is as a circulation

Cornell Reuleaux Collection The Duffield Atrium houses a collection of 19th century kinematic engineering tools.

With 220 pieces on display, this is the largest collection of 19th century engineering tools.

The display is used in the teaching of design, dynamics, robotics, art, architecture and historical research amongst the Cornell community.

path, leading users between the connected buildings.

Eating: Another use for Duffield Hall is as a dining facility, as Mattin’s Cafe is located near its Atrium space.

LEFT: Interior view of ramp in Atrium RIGHT: Interior view of furniture types and layout in Atrium

LEFT: Use of space for both circulation and studying RIGHT: Student purchasing food at Mattin’s Cafe

Display cases for Cornell Reuleaux Collection

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Space Usage

Key Takeaways:

Staff in impromptu meeting

Morning: 9:30-10:00 AM (a)

(b)

Morning Least busy time The majority are working alone (i.e. lack of collaboration).

The quiet atmosphere could allow for faculty office hours or staff meetings (i.e. opportunity to diversify user demographics).

Larger scale events could occur due to the low occupancy (i.e. opportunity to build community).

Students lounging casually (a) Individual work, students more spread out (b)

Afternoon: 3:30-4:00 PM

Casual internet browsing

Co-working and group work

Afternoon

Overcrowding in alcoves

(c)

Busiest time The majority are engaged in coworking (i.e. lack of collaboration).

The overcrowding in alcoves demonstrates the demand for private spaces (i.e. lack of resources and adequate spaces).

The high density of users can be maintained due to the lack of acoustic distractions.

(d)

Co-working

Tabling event (c) All individual work

Evening: 8:00-8:30 PM

Highest density of co-working (d)

Evening

All individual work (f)

(e)

Second busiest time Users are engaged in more individual than group work (i.e. lack of collaboration).

Duffield Hall’s location provides a rest area for user well-being.

Lighting and furniture could promote the relaxation during this time (i.e. opportunity to improve user experience).

(f)

Co-working (e)

Relaxed lounging More individual work than group work

*

= 1 person

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Stakeholders

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Stakeholder groups Group 1: Academic

Group 2: extra-curricular

Group 3: building Performance

Group 4: broader organizations

Instructors:

Student Organizations:

Staff:

Cornell University:

Professors Associate Professors Teaching Assistants Visiting Professors

Students:

Engineering Major Undergraduate Graduate Non-Engineering Major Undergraduate Graduate

Women in Computing at Cornell Association of CS Undergrads CU Air Society of Auto Engineers CU Underwater Vehicle Chinese Student Association Korean Student Association

Technology Organizations: Palantir Cisco

Cleaning Maintenance Information Technology Security

College of Engineering

Other Colleges: HumEc CALS AAP A&S

ILR

Hotel

Cornell Dining:

Dining staff

External Organizations: Workday Alumni donors

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Stakeholder diagram KEY

Academic: Extra-Curricular: Building Performance: Broader Organizations: Highly Connected: Moderately Connected:

CORNELL DINING

STUDENTS INSTRUCTORS

Why this matters:

This stakeholder diagram indicates the level of connectivity between the various stakeholder groups, which can be important in the design phase. These connections allow the designer to determine what types of interaction need to be promoted, avoided, or ignored in order to create an ideal environment for all users.

The size of the bubble corresponds to the importance of the user group within the space, which signals the designer as to what users to focus on as most important when designing the built environment.

For example, behind the College of Engineering, students are the most important group for consideration.

STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATIONS STAFF

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING WORKDAY

Example Connection: These are moderately connected in that they are not involved on a daily basis, but Workday is a major donor.

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Visioning

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Overview

Images of Session

SUmmary:

Vision Statement:

The vision session served as initial communication between the design strategy team and key stakeholders. The stakeholders used this process to explore what the space currently is and what they aspire it to be. These metaphors highlight key issues with the current space and propose the qualities that the space should embody in an ideal setting.

To bring students together as a community in an environment that underscores Duffield Hall’s key values by promoting crossdisciplinary interaction, collaboration, innovation, and user well-being.

Participants:

Saie, Bio Engineering ‘18

The participants of this visioning session included: Staff:

Patty Sue

(Facilities Coordinator) (Events Coordinator)

Students:

Michael Shreya Omar Saie Priya*

(College of Arts and Sciences) (College of Arts and Sciences) (College of Engineering) (College of Engineering) (College of Engineering)

Participants were divided into three groups, two groups of two people and one group of three people.

Quotes from participants:

These photos were taken during the visioning session as participants were explaining their selection of various images and their connection to an ideal vision for Duffield Hall.

“Duffield is much more unique; it is literally in between classes, like a central location people step between.”

Priya, Computer science ‘17 “There is a comforting chaos like there’s a lot of people I know in there and you also meet a lot of new people.”

Michael, Astrophysics ‘17 “The open space does help with volume. It is not too loud. Even when there are a lot of people, I can still hear myself think.”

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Process 1. Choose:

Each group was tasked with selecting two images from a large deck that they felt best embodied their ideal vision for Duffield Hall.

Group 2

Group 1

Hub Connector

Alcove Learning

Nature Sustainability

Group 3

Technology Interior

Teamwork Success

Camaraderie Support

2. Challenge:

The groups then exchanged cards and were each tasked with selecting a single image from their new image options that they felt best embodied their ideal vision for Duffield Hall.

Appreciation of Duffield for being a technology hub

An impactful display of collaboration

A connector between spaces and departments

3. Consensus:

All three groups then came together to select a single image that everyone felt best embodied their ideal vision for Duffield Hall.

Networking environment Collaboration among peers A hub, central location 21

values & insights Key Values:

Insights: PROXIMITY AND SPACE USAGE

1. Collaboration:

To encourage cross-disciplinary interaction

Duffield Hall is used as a circulation path, studying area, and way to connect students to peers and new ideas.

The space serves as a hub that brings departments and majors together through everyday activities and formal events.

2. Community:

To create and strengthen social ties among users

3. Inclusion:

Technology

To create a welcoming space open to all students at Cornell

The integrative technology board attempts to engage students and promote innovation, yet falls short of this goal.

Improving the relationship between technology and users would allow the space to more fully support its overarching goals of education, collaboration, and socialization.

4. Engagement:

To promote engagement within Cornell's community and in real-world industries

5. Well-being:

To be a relaxing and rejuvenating space for users

6. Innovation:

To inspire users to think, work, and interact creatively

Selected image:

UX

User experience

The Hub

This is the final photo chosen by the participants of the visioning session to represent their ideal metaphor for Duffield Atrium.

There is a lack of power outlets and sufficient lighting.

There is an undesirable inconsistency of lighting, as some area are dimmer than others.

Users find comfort in being able to recognize their peers in the space.

access to nature Users desire a greater access to nature within the Atrium.

With more horticulture and views of greenery, the Atrium could serve as a more inviting and relaxing space.

Users have a perception of Duffield Hall as a sustainable structure.

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Design Evaluation

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Actual Experience Map Mapping out the journey of a stakeholder through the Current Duffield Atrium

Entice & Enter: Lack of signage indicating path to Atrium

Multiple entrances available for use

Presence of friends and colleagues

Engage:

Exit:

Attend cultural event

Collaborate in a group

Group markets event in Atrium on Facebook (Image A)

Intimidating and vast corridor

Central location on campus and near Collegetown Ramp provides accessibility to Atrium

Metaphor: studying during finals week

Rearrange furniture to increase comfort

To Go Food

Relationships and conversations from space

Leave because can't find preferred seating

Study alone at table One person takes up whole alcove

Cannot find alcove to study in

Excess stairs to climb to exit

Run into friend and socialize

Buy food at Mattin's Cafe

Extend:

Leave because can't find outlets

Exit into neighboring buildings

Multiple exits available for use

Photos from events

High points of space

Low points of space

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Ideal Experience Map Mapping out the journey of a stakeholder through the ideal Duffield Atrium

Entice & Enter: Mini Makerspace

Engage: Presence of friends and colleagues Available resources, e.g.

3D printer,

Flexible and comfortable furniture

Use interactive technology wall to see events schedule Meeting spot for group projects

Greeted by students at information desk

Welcoming corridor to Atrium

Location for professor's office hours See marketing for space and events by Duffield Hall

Central location on campus and near Collegetown

Print out assignment before class

Collaborate in a group using whiteboard and projector

Metaphor: Going to an interactive museum as a kid

Charging stations and outlets by all furniture

Extend:

Exit:

Leave with prototypes

Study alone at table

Prototype and innovate in Mini Makerspace

Photos from events Available resources, e.g.

3D printer, projectors

Meet Professor for coffee

View of nature from all points in space

Multiple exits available for use

Continued support from Information Desk

Mattin's Cafe logo on products Exit into neighboring buildings Images on social media

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Gap Analysis

Core Themes:

Vision Statement: To bring students together as a community in an environment that underscores Duffield Hall’s key values by promoting cross-disciplinary interaction, collaboration, innovation, and user well-being.

Throughout our research and analysis five core themes have emerged: resources, user experience, user demographics, advanced technology, and access to nature.

Actual Experience:

Ideal Experience:

UX

Resources:

Resources:

UX

User Experience:

Alcove whiteboards are primary resources No supporting resources available

Widely viewed as unwelcoming Primary work types are individual and coworking Furniture/layout do not promote collaboration Too few alcoves available to meet user demand

user demographics:

Primary users are engineering students Few students of other majors or professors are users

advanced technology:

Interactive technology screen is rarely used No other supporting technology is available

Access to Nature:

Small wall of plants near alcoves.

Only views of nature are through the west windows

"By the time your laptop dies, all the outlets are taken."

- Priya (Computer Science, 2017)

"I only know about the Atrium space in Duffield and that it is just for engineers."

-Tiffany, (Hotel Admin., 2017)

"I don’t socialize [in Duffield Atrium] because I feel like that’s a space for students."

- Patty (Facilities Coordinator)

"It could be more useful if it had a calendar of events that you could access."

- Michael (Astrophysics, 2019)

"What I could add to the atrium: more green walls. We have one."

- Patty (Facilities Coordinator)

Supporting resources that encourage collaboration are available Mini Makerspace in Atrium encourages engaged learning Student-run information desk improves user experience Various individual and group alcoves provide privacy

User Experience:

Space is welcoming to all users (see student interviews, pg. 49).

Space supports all work types (individual, coworking, group) Users have spontaneous interactions and collaborate on projects Space embodies a sense of community.

Furniture/layout promote collaboration (see CHE Commons, pg. 45)

user demographics:

Space is frequented by students, faculty, and staff from throughout Cornell University (see visioning session, pg. 22).

advanced technology:

Interactive technology screen broadcasts important information to users and is an important part of their daily routines.

Supporting technology is available within the space, including computers, printers, and projectors.

3D printer is available for use in the Mini Makerspace.

Access to Nature:

Users have visual access to natural elements from any point within the space (see staff interviews, pg. 48)

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SWOT Analysis

Key Takeaways:

Positive Factors

External Factors

Internal Factors

Strengths: Location in close Collegetown and Central Campus Contribution to research in providing office space for student researchers Flexibility of space for conversion to event venue Connecting students in the College of Engineering Interior environmental quality (temperature, humidity) Abundance of daylighting and views to exterior

Opportunities: Current trends towards a technology centered workspace Networking activities between students and employers Growing focus on STEM programs Alumni donations of money or technology Workplace trends towards collaborative work spaces over individual private offices

Negative Factors Weaknesses: Location is distant from North Campus Lack of supporting resources Limited user diversity Lack of variety in furniture type and arrangement Advanced technology is present but unused Lighting is inconsistent at night High ceilings minimize users Lack of visual or acoustic privacy

Threats: Competition with analogous organizations, such as campus libraries and eHub. Irregular and untrustworthy bus system complicate transit Severe weather conditions complicate transit Issues with overall campus safety may diminish use Possibility of vandalism due to open hours of space

Strengths:

Centrally located work area for students to collaborate Spaces for students to engage in research

Weaknesses:

Little to no resources available to support innovative activities Lack of user diversity to build an inclusive community

Opportunities:

Adapting to trends towards coworking can reach new users Alumni donations can be support changes to the space

Threats:

Duffield's main competitors are campus libraries and eHub Community violence can affect the usability of the space *There are more opportunities for advancement than there are external threats.

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Design Criteria

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Design Criteria Categories:

Criteria:

Justification:

UX

1. Resources:

Support Duffield Hall's key values Services encourage innovation and prototyping while supporting user needs

Users complain of lack of resources, including outlets and whiteboard markers/erasers

UX

2. User Experience:

Furniture/layout support all work types Movable, ergonomic, and varied furniture

Space does not support large group activity Lack of comfortable seating; users move lounge chairs into alcoves Alcoves are coveted for the privacy that they offer over the rest of the space Inconsistent and insufficient signage At night, the lighting is dimmer and oddly yellow Many user activities require more focused light Some clubs find the procurement process lengthy

Various mechanisms to increase privacy Warmer, more welcoming color scheme Clear, consistent, and helpful signage Consistent lighting to increase visibility.

Task light to increase user control of space Streamlined procurement process for events

3. User Demographics:

More inclusive branding and marketing of events Expand user base to entire Cornell community

There is a lack of event marketing by Duffield Hall With an increasingly growing student base, there is an opportunity to reach new users

4. Advanced Technology:

Interactive technology systems should support user needs and promote collaboration

Current Interactive Screen is rarely used

5. Access to Nature:

Provided through views, horticulture, and natural building materials Nature is accessible at every point in the space

Users mentioned their interest in having more nature embedded in the space.

Alcoves lack views of nature or natural light

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Business Case

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Business Case

Layout

Furniture

Resources

Problem

Solution

Approach

The long corridor of alcoves leading to the Atrium leaves users feeling unwelcome and unable to locate an area conducive to group interaction.

Introduce a layout that makes the space feel more welcoming, increases the variety of types of spaces available, and provides more privacy while continuing to maintain key circulation pathways.

Include warmer color palette and incorporate signage to make corridor less intimidating (see interview, pg. 49)

Increase sense of privacy by providing visual barriers throughout the space

Introduce clearer divisions in the space through variety of furniture, floor materials, lighting fixtures, and color schemes (see CHE Commons, pg.

45).

The primarily four-person tables and few private alcoves prohibit users from working in large groups. The lack of variety hinders creativity and collaboration.

Introduce furniture that promotes collaboration by increasing the variety of furniture arrangements, incorporating more large group study spaces, and developing more private spaces for both individual and group work.

Add larger table arrangements that accommodate more than four users at a single time (see space usage, pg. 14)

Introduce more types of individual and group furniture to support every type of user and their varying needs.

Increase the number of private meeting and work spaces by providing more alcoves throughout

There is a lack of all resources.

There are too few outlets available, no supporting materials, and no interactive technology.

Introduce a variety of primary and supporting resources into the space that will promote collaboration and ensure that all features of the space are used to the best of their ability.

Increase availability of supporting resources, such as whiteboard markers, and improve use of current amenities (see gap analysis, pg. 26)

Adapt the current technology wall to promote use and collaboration. Include more functions of the wall (see gap analysis, pg. 26)

Introduce collaborative technology into the space, such as mobile projector screens

Easy to Implement

Harder to Implement 32

Business Case Risk Assessment

Layout

Furniture

Resources

Layout adjustments could interfere with circulation Layout adjustments can affect ADA compliance

24/7 access increases risk of vandalism, damage, or theft of furniture Increasing furniture variety could increase maintenance costs

24/7 access increases risk of vandalism, damage, or theft of supporting resources Potential for theft increases associated replacement costs.

Change Management: Value Analysis Increase collaboration and innovation Increase user perception of the space as welcoming Increase sense of privacy and ownership within the space Decrease perception of the space as monstrous in size

Increase use of space by groups Improve attempts at collaboration Increase user satisfaction with space Increase number of users who are satisfied with furniture present Increase sense of privacy

Improve user satisfaction Increase use of technology wall Increase use of current resources Improve attempts at collaboration

Convince users of the benefits of changes before implementation: Gaining user support will streamline the process and reduce possible backlash.

Slowly adjust users to new layout and furniture:

Making moderate changes will give users time to adjust.

Start by altering a small section and receive user feeback.

Train staff on use and maintenance of added resources: Staff training is essential to the ultimate success of the space.

Train staff on maintenance for the new furniture and on use of new resources.

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Envisioning Experience

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Persona: John

John Smith

Major:

Computer Science

Class Year:

Senior

Campus Involvement:

President of CU Air

Interests:

Hiking, soccer, watching movies

Behaviors:

Completes work ahead of time, constantly doodling new ideas

Motivations:

Preparing for a successful career, winning a CU Air competition, being the top of his class

1. Entice

2. Enter

3. Engage

Hosting a team meeting in an alcove for CU Air

Enters Atrium after an afternoon class and feels welcomed by the helpful signage, warm colors, and consistent lighting

Uses whiteboard projector and task lighting to give team a presentation on new prototype

3. Engage

4. Exit

5. Extend

Collaborates and innovates with team in Mini Makerspace to complete a prototype

Exits Atrium through Upson Hall to go home to Collegetown

Has plans to 3D print prototype in Atrium at next week's meeting

Summary:

During John's experience at Duffield, he was able to utilize the resources available to collaborate with his group and build prototypes. Duffield was also a prime location that fit into his schedule since he came from class and lives nearby in Collegetown.

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Persona: Claire

Claire Cho

Major:

Hotel School

Class Year:

Freshman

Campus Involvement:

Research job, sorority

Interests:

Socializing, travelling, photography, learning

Behaviors:

Eats while studying, coworks with friends

Motivations:

Eating healthy, getting involved on campus, meeting new people, expanding professional network

1. Entice

2. Enter

3. Engage

Heads to Mattin's for lunch before classes for fresh local foods

Enters Atrium from Central Campus and is delighted by the welcoming environment and access to nature

Bumps into friends in Atrium and joins them for lunch, sharing ideas on upcoming assignments

3. Engage

4. Exit

5. Extend

Asks Information Desk about how to join engineering project teams, hoping to become a more engaged member of the community

Exits back to Statler with flyers about project team applications, excited to meet new people

Student worker from Information Desk sends a follow-up email, reminding her of the inclusive and welcoming community

Summary:

Claire spent her time in Duffield Hall socializing and collaborating with friends over lunch at Mattin's Cafe and learned about new opportunities, all in one space. She is inclined to go back after feeling supported and welcomed in the space.

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Persona: Clark

Clark Evans

Position: Associate Professor

in Electrical Computer Engineering Campus Involvement:

Mentor for Engineers Without Borders

Interests:

Surfing, gardening, puzzles, robotics

Behaviors:

Getting coffee every morning, reading up on current events

Motivations:

Receiving tenure, conducting awardwinning research, staying healthy

1. Entice

2. Enter

3. Engage

Arrives early for a delicious cup of warm, fresh coffee

Enters Atrium through Phillips Hall from his office and is greeted by student at Information Desk

Checks into office hours using interactive technology screen

3. Engage

4. Exit

5. Extend

Sits in alcove and answers students questions, prompting spontaneous collaboration

Grabs a healthy snack at Mattin's Cafe before heading back to work

Is reminded of new tech arriving to the space that he can use for his research

Summary:

Professor Evans was drawn to the space because of the high quality coffee and food. He stayed to host his office hours at a convenient location for his students in a private alcove. The technology board indicated to students that he was available, so they could further their learning by interacting with faculty.

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Conclusion

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Conclusion Design Challenge:

Design Opportunities:

Design Criteria Highlights:

To make Duffield Hall the hub for the College of Engineering and Cornell University by:

UX

Improving the user experience

1. Increase Resources:

Increase primary and secondary resources to support user needs and improve engagement

2. Improve User Experience: New movable whiteboard Students prototyping

Embracing diversity

Event brings new users

Fix inconsistencies of the interior environment to improve engagement and support collaboration.

4. Diversify user demographics:

Broaden user base to students and faculty throughout Cornell University to encourage crossdisciplinary interaction, build community, and foster inclusion

Alter furniture/layout to support all work types Increase privacy Create a warmer, more welcoming environment Introduce consistent signage

Use more inclusive event marketing and branding Expand user base to entire Cornell community

Professors using the space

Reflecting the key values of Duffield Hall

5. Incorporate advanced technology:

Provide technology that supports the collaboration, innovation and productivity of users

6. Provide Access to Nature: Access to nature

Services encourage innovation and prototyping while supporting user needs

Interactive technology

Incorporate views of nature in atrium to promote user well-being

Introduce interactive technology systems that support user needs and promote collaboration Include natural views, horticulture, and building materials Ensure that nature is accessible at every point in the space

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Meet the authors Kaitlin Blakemore

Jenifer Duong

Zack Hoffman

Kelly To

Major:

Major:

Major:

Major:

Contact Information:

Contact Information:

Contact Information:

Contact Information:

Design + Environmental Analysis (DEA) Class of 2019 keb98@cornell.edu

Design + Environmental Analysis (DEA) Class of 2019 jd835@cornell.edu

Hotel Administration Class of 2018

zsh3@cornell.edu

Hotel Administration Class of 2018

kt462@cornell.edu

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Appendix

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Case Studies

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CHE Commons About THE CHE COMMONS The Cornell University College of Human Ecology (CHE) Commons is a multi-function space that was designed by students of the College’s Design and Environmental Analysis major. The intention of the design was to create a mixed-use space that served the varying needs of its users. The Commons’ furniture provides flexible seating for dining, working, and lounging. The space also serves as the major circulation pathway connecting the Human Ecology building and Martha Van Rensselaer Hall.

How THE CHE COMMONS is analogous to DUFFIELD HALL Both require flexibility as a key function of space.

Both highlight the value of using the built environment to support their core values.

Both represent a major circulation pathway between spaces and the exterior environment.

Both strive to develop a sense of community.

VALUES / mission / vision CORE VALUES: communication, collaboration, flexibility, circulation, branding, productivity, comfort, diversity, and community.

Key Takeaways: Assumptions / artifacts / facilities

ASSUMPTIONS: The Commons is accessible to students of any College

The Commons exemplifies a balance between circulation and static seating

ARTIFACTS: The artifacts present are the TV screens, the comfortable and

The division of space into key functional areas allows for flexibility and multi-use.

within Cornell University. The space is used by students, faculty, and staff. The space is adjacent to a dining facility, Martha’s Cafe. varied seating, and the food options from the nearby cafe.

FACILITIES: The Commons is an innovative facility in being both one of

the few open floor plan spaces on campus and one of the few spaces designed by students.

HOW THE CHE COMMONS EXPRESSes THEIR BRAND CULTURE The Commons expresses their brand culture throughout the built environment. Cornell University’s brand colors are displayed repeatedly throughout on furniture and wall surfaces. In accordance with its role as a major circulation pathway, the furniture transitions from the modern aesthetic of Human Ecology to the historic relevance of MVR. Digital display screens further brand the space, constantly projecting information. Lastly, the selected furniture exemplifies the core values of flexibility, collaboration, and comfort.

Circulation pathways are enhanced through the verticality of the design.

The modern furniture, abstract lighting fixtures, and TV display screens bring branding directly into the built environment.

MISSION STATEMENT: “To provide a large gathering venue for students, faculty, and staff.”

VISION STATEMENT: “To pursue the relationship between human beings and their natural, social, and built environments through multidisciplinary work.”

Interior, CHE Commons

45 Interior, CHE Commons

GOOGLE About Google Google is a multinational technology company that provides internet services and products. Their primary service is an online interface that allows users to search the internet for everything from scholarly articles to recipes, videos, and specific websites. Google’s innovative technology connects users from all over the world with every imaginable interest.

They also provide products, such as Google Home, a voice-activated speaker that focuses on bringing the internet into the built environment.

How GOOGLE is ANALOGOUS TO DUFFIELD HALL Both highlight innovation as key to the organization’s success.

Both stress the importance of the user, placing significant focus on providing a physical environment conducive to user success and productivity.

Both are involved in the technology sector.

Both serve to increase productivity in order to achieve results.

VALUES / mission / vision CORE VALUES: leadership, empowerment, productivity, well-being,

vision, openness, ethics, corporate citizenship, fun, freedom, selectivity, democracy

Key Takeaways: Assumptions / artifacts / facilities

ASSUMPTIONS: Google is run with an innovative and entrepreneurial

culture and spirit. The primary users of their space are employees and the occasional visitor.

Use the design of the built environment to promote innovation and collaboration.

ARTIFACTS: Google primarily produces two artifacts: their online services

Adaptable furniture and abundant amenities can incentivize productivity.

FACILITIES: Google is known worldwide for their innovative workplace

Injecting color and creativity into a space can incentivize collaboration and learning.

(web search engine and Google Drive) and their interactive mobile technology (Google Home).

facilities and have built their headquarters in California’s Silicon Valley.

HOW GOOGLE EXPRESSes THEIR BRAND CULTURE Google expresses their brand culture through their physical workspace, the services they offer their customers and employees, and their product graphics. Their offices are all laid out in flexible, open spaces that encourage community and collaboration. Google is also known for providing their employees with every service and amenity they could possibly need to work, play, and live comfortably, which highlights their commitment to employee satisfaction and retention.

MISSION STATEMENT: “To organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.”

VISION STATEMENT: “To provide access to the world’s information in

Interior, Google Campus

one click.”

46 Interior, Google Campus

Interviews

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interview: Staff To better inform our recommendations for Duffield Hall, we interviewed key stakeholders of the space, from a facilities manager to a representative of a student organization. We have a general interview guide for each category of stakeholders, such that for the 5 student interviews we did, we asked the same questions in the same order. The questions do not necessarily focus on Duffield Hall but more of their general day-to-day lifestyle, to get at what their priorities are as a student, a worker or a facilities manager. It reveals their priorities and how the space can accommodate their daily wants and needs.

Why Interview Staff?

It was especially important that we interview staff, because they function more as the behind-the-scenes supporters of the space.

The staff interviewed serve as the representative figures for our client, the College of Engineering, so it was important for us to know their roles in the space and personal wants/needs for it.

Patty, Facilities Coordinator for Engineering Quad “Whether you’re learning, teaching, doing research or just staying and studying, I make sure everything runs and your stay is comfortable, clean and workable.”

“Duffield is mainly, except for the atrium, for research.”

“Down in the Duffield areas, I’m only in those areas when we are deciding if we want to upgrade furniture and deciding what would be the best. I don’t socialize down there because I feel like that’s a space for students.”

Sue, Events Coordinator for Duffield Hall “The space is not conducive to many events. When it was built, it was not the plan to have these types of high volume events.

It was meant to be a social place for people to get together to share ideas.”

“Student groups and organizations definitely provide the highest volume of events.”

Key Takeaways: Supporting Systems: Building system malfunctions directly affect user experience.

HVAC system malfunctions leave parts of the building without heat.

Card reader malfunctions prevent user access to rooms.

The exterior building envelope has issues with leakages.

Community: Diversity in race, ethnicity, culture, and country is one of Duffield’s major draws.

Student, staff, and faculty diversity is what ties the Cornell experience together.

Environmental Shifts:

Duffield is constantly changing in the furniture and equipment that is present.

There are rarely changes in furniture layout.

“We don’t do any marketing. The space markets itself.

We have students that come back year to year. And there’s word of mouth. Usually, one student is connected to others.”

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interview: Students Why Interview Students?

Duffield Hall serves as a connective area where students of all majors, primarily in the College of Engineering, can meet and collaborate. Students are the primary users, which is why it is crucial for them to be included in the interview process. We interviewed students both in the College of Engineering and outside of it to broaden the scope.

Hee Jae, Hotel Administration ‘18 “I feel like I have found the places that fit the different needs of mine - through classes, studying, or working. If I need to do head down work, I like going to Uris library because it’s quiet and I can focus. If I need to do a group project or interview, I have resources at Statler to facilitate that.”

Tiffany, Hotel Administration ‘17 “I only know about the atrium space in Duffield and that it’s for engineers.”

Dale, Mechanical Engineering ‘19 “I pass through [Duffield] on average once a day. But I work in it maybe once a week [...] You can buy things from Mattin's and hide away into Upson.”

David, Operations research and engineering ‘18 “Usually, it takes me 6-8 hours on an assignment. I split time working in Olin, Uris, Upson, and Duffield.”

Key Takeaways: Demographics: Duffield Hall is used more by engineering students than nonengineering students.

Many non-engineering students find the space to be unwelcoming.

Many students view Duffield Hall as a place only intended for use by those within the College of Engineering.

Space Usage: Duffield Atrium is primarily used to study, lounge and socialize.

The alcoves are popular, as they provide a sense of privacy.

Collaboration: Students tend to find other spaces, such as eHub or a library, more accommodating of larger group meetings.

Priya, Computer Science ‘17 “Duffield should be a place that cultivates ideas, a place where start-ups can be born.”

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interview: Student Groups Why Interview Student Groups?

Like many large atria on campus, such as the Physical Sciences Building, Sage Hall and the MVR Commons, Duffield Hall is often rented out by student organizations to host events. In the past, events like Asia Night, DimSum Night and Club Fest have been held in the atrium because of its ability to accommodate a large volume of people. We felt that it was important to interview representatives from these student organizations to get a sense of why the space is attractive and what the procurement process is like.

Rahul, Cornell University Air “I used to use Duffield a lot until this year and then I realized that if I work in the hotel school, people are happier there, it doesn’t smell bad, and the furniture is a lot more modern/homey.”

“We don’t work in Duffield a lot because most of the time our team specifically needs connection to the plane to run tests and we don’t want to bring the plane from it’s home in Ward.”

“A lot of engineering organizations that need physical hardware won’t use the space. But a lot of software teams will use that space.”

Key Takeaways: Procurement Process: Student organizations hesitate to use Duffield Hall for events because of the difficult procurement process.

The procurement process for Duffield Hall has too many steps compared to other venues.

Personal Space Usage: Amanda, Women in Computing at Cornell (WICC) “The mission of WICC is to create an inclusive community for students in tech (especially women) who are majoring in computing majors or interested in pursuing tech careers.”

“I use Duffield a few times per week to sit down and do work.

I use Duffield specifically a few times a semester (<10) for corporate events.”

The close proximity to Collegetown is a major benefit of Duffield Hall.

Those living close to Duffield Hall are far more likely to use the space than when they lived on North Campus.

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Summary Interview Insights:

DEMOGRAPHICS:

A portion of non-engineers recognize the use of the large atrium space as a designated study area for engineers, but do not feel that the space is welcoming to non-engineers. Even then, certain engineers rarely use the space as anything more than a passageway.

FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS:

Although Duffield is one of the newer buildings on campus, there are still basic infrastructure issues with HVAC, card readers and the actual facade. This also creates a problem of access, because certain classrooms cannot be open without contacting the facilities manager.

Design Implications:

DEMOGRAPHICS:

Duffield should have more inclusive branding and signage to attract students of other colleges, and students within its college. Having more diverse seating areas may contribute as well.

FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS:

Duffield will benefit from having back-up systems employed in the event of a systems malfunction. Actually improving the actual structure through renovation efforts will also address the issue of leakages.

SPACE USAGE:

SPACE USAGE:

Students use the space to study, lounge, socialize, and/or hold events.

Duffield should create more distinct, variable spaces to support a variety of different needs. This can be done with different furniture settings and partitions.

RESOURCES AVAILABLE:

RESOURCES AVAILABLE:

The atrium is intended to be a collaborate and technologically advanced space; however, there is limited access to outlets for laptops and necessary studying tools (e.g. whiteboard markers in the alcoves).

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY:

The interactive screen is rarely used. Its purpose and directions for its use are very unclear.

Greater access to outlets would benefit students spending long hours in Duffield. There should be more whiteboard markers and erasers available to the public use, especially if there are whiteboards available in the alcoves.

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY:

The addition of directive signage and improvement of the user-interface design can make the screen more attractive to users.

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