REPII | DESIGNING WITH NATURE @ BROWNHILL CREEK - STAGE 2

2020

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I SSU E 0 1

DESIGNING WITH NATURE

BY JERIZA BEATRICE MARAMBA • A1724346

REPRESENTATION ii • SAMER AKKACH

CONTENTS

i

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

PLACE CITY OF MITCHAM : BROWNHILL CREEK PARK & brief history natural characteristics & topograpHy map THE SITE & VISTAS SUN STUDY : THE IMPORTANCE OF SUNLIGHT

FRAME 01 02 03 04

DESIGN BEING WITH NATURE : WHAT DOES IT MEAN? TREEHOUSE CONCEPT MY SELECTED TREE & TREE location DIAGRAMS : CONCEPTUAL 3D EXPLORATIONS

ARTICULATING STRUCTURE : HOW DO YOU BUILD A TREEHOUSE? SKETCHED FRAMEWORKS & GRASSHOPPER EXPLORATIONS SKELETON REFINEMENTS & FINAL SKELETON BUILDING ELEMENTS

community 09 10 11 12

FORM 05 06 07 08

FORM REFINING : FRAGMENTED WINDOWS? THE THREE MAIN STAGES REMOVAL OF MINOR BRANCHES BRACE & WINDOW DETAILS

COMMUNITY IDENTITY : WHAT IS IT? EXISTING ZONES & STRATEGIES + PROGRAMS locating the SUPPLEMENTARY TREES BROWNHILL CREEK : the final

BIBLIOGRAPHY

17 18 19 20

21

13 14 15 16

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

II

CITY OF MITCHAM

BROWNHILL CREEK PARK

LOCATED ROUGHLY 8KM SOUTH-EAST OF THE HEART OF ADELAIDE, UPON THE FOOTHILLS OF THE MOUNT LOFTY RANGES, 1 BROWNHILL CREEK POSSESSES NATURALISTIC QUALITIES THAT EVEN WITHIN ITS RECORDED 180+ YEAR HISTORY REMAINS POPULAR AMONGST LOCALS.

BRIEF HISTORY RECOGNISED AS WIRRAPARINGA (TRANS. SCRUB AND CAMPING PLACE), 2 AMONGST THE KAURNA PEOPLE, THE NAME BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK WAS GIVEN, IN ORDER TO DESCRIBE THE HILLS NORTH OF THE CREEK. 3 ONLY OFFICIALLY COLONISED BY PASTOR WILLIAM FINLAYSON IN 1837, THE CREEK VALLEY WAS INITIALLY OWNED BY THE SA COMPANY FOR A SHEEP STATION. 4 HOWEVER ONLY THREE YEARS LATER, THE AREA SOON BECAME A HUB OF, ‘... AGRICULTURE, MARKET GARDENING AND QUARRYING...’, 5 FOR THE CITY OF MITCHAM AND ADELAIDE. SUBSEQUENT TO ITS SUCCESS AS AN ATTRACTIVE AREA RICH WITH OPPORTUNITY, SETTLEMENTS BY NEWLY ARRIVED EUROPEANS OCCURRED, 6 AS WELL AS NEWFOUND CONSTRUCTION OF PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. by 1915, the area was officiated as a national pleasure resort, 7 up until 1972 WHEREBY IT is NOWADAYS KNOWN as brownhill creek recreation park.

“BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK,” DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, LAST MODIFIED JUNE, 2010. | 2 IBID. | 3 “BROWN HILL CREEK,” MITCHAM COUNCIL, ACCESSED AUGUST 4, 2020, https://www.mitchamcouncil.sa.gov.au/discover/places-to-visit/brown-hill-creek. | 4 “BROWN HILL CREEK,” MITCHAM COUNCIL | 5 “BROWNHILL,” DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES. | 6 “BROWN HILL CREEK,” MITCHAM COUNCIL | 7 “BROWNHILL CREEK HISTORICAL GUIDED TOUR,” BIE Creative, YOUTUBE, FILMED APRIL 2020 AT BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK, MITCHAM, SA, VIDEO, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_XDdln35Co. 1

01

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

BROWNHILL CREEK

NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS

IDENTIFIED VEGETATION* n = native / nn = NON-NATIVE

ABUNDANT WITH NATIVE FLORA, TO NON-NATIVE SPECIES WHICH COMPLIMENT THE EXISTING LANDSCAPE, THERE ARE SEVERAL TRAITS WHICH PERTAIN TO THE PARKS’ STEADY POPULARITY. INCLUDING THE CREEK ITSELF, PROVIDING INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES WHEN TRAVERSING THROUGH. WHEREBY FALLEN TRUNKS ACT AS MAKESHIFT BRIDGES AND VENTURING FURTHER INTO THE SHRUBBERY OFFERS A MORE VIGOROUS TRAIL TO PURSUE, THE PARK POSSESSES MANY SEASONAL EXPERIENCES INDIVIDUALS WILL BE ABLE TO ENJOY.

+n GUM TREES, EUCALYPTUS

+ VINES, VITIS

+n FERNS, Polypodiopsida

ORIGIN: AUSTRALIA

ORIGIN: GLOBAL

ORIGIN: NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

SPREAD THROUGH SPORES, (WESTERN BRACKEN?) ferns are found near the creek within tall grassy spots.

SEVERAL SPECIES OF VINES - most notably of the climbing variation, HAVE BEEN OBSERVED ALONG THE CREEK EDGE.

270

MAINLY RIVER RED GUM TREES AND BLUE GUM TREES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED ON/SURROUNDING SITE.

nn

19 0 ELLISONS CREEK

240

28

0

290

200

BROWNHILL CREEK CARAVAN PARK

230

20 0 180

TOPOGRAPHY MAP : BROWNHILL CREEK, MITCHAM

BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK

**

BR OW NH ILL

THE SITE 16 0

220

CR EE K

LEGEND

170

THE SITE : 34° 59’ 16.584’’ S , 138° 38’ 26.772’’ E

180

WATER

23

0

200

ROADS

190

28

0

*IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING VEGETATION INCLUDED INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE MITCHAM COUNCIL WEBSITE AND THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE (IE. DIGITAL PLANT IDENTIFIER, PLANTSNAP [APPLE STORE: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/plantsnap-plant-identification/ id1451054346]). **TOPOGRAPHY MAP BASED ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ADELAIDE, {https://en-au.topographic-map.com/maps/jvq2/Adelaide/).

20 0

250

240

21

270

2

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

02

260

BROWNHILL CREEK

the site + vistas CONSEQUENT OF THE CREEKS’ NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE RICH HISTORY THAT ACCOMPANIES IT, BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK DISPLAYS A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY IN ENGAGING WITH THE LOCALS AND ENCOURAGING A COMMUNAL, MULTI-USE APPROACH WITHIN THIS ISOLATED AREA.

360 O VIEWS

LOCATION

DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF DAY AND EVEN THE SEASON, THE CONTRAST BETWEEN ABUNDANT SUNLIGHT AND A LACKTHEREOF CREATES INTERESTING ATMOSPHERE’S FOR INDIVIDUALS TO EXPERIENCE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

AN EASY DRIVE FROM THE CITY CENTER, YET RENOWNED FOR ITS REFRESHING ATMOSPHERE, THE SITE PROVES AS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION FOR INDIVIDUALS WISHING FOR A QUICK YET RELAXING RETREAT.

DESPITE LOCATED WITHIN A VALLEY, BROWNHILL CREEK STILL SHOWCASES AN ABUNDANCE OF DIFFERENT EXPERIENTIAL VIEWS.

LIGHT & SHADOW

‘... [A] NARROW CREEK FLOWS THROUGH A STEEP SIDED VALLEY WITH MAJESTIC RIVER RED GUMS...

SOME MORE THAN 300 YEARS OLD...’8

THE SITE

N

8

03

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

“BROWN HILL CREEK,” MITCHAM COUNCIL.

BROWNHILL CREEK

IMPORTANCE OF SUNLIGHT 3pm

REGARDED AS A NATURAL RESOURCE THAT IS ABLE TO, ‘... IMPROVE AND REGULATE THE SPACES WE INHABIT...’, 9 WITHIN ARCHITECTURE. THE STUDY OF THE SUNS’ ORIENTATION IS IMPORTANT FOR THIS PROJECT, ESPECIALLY SINCE THE DESIGN IS OF A TREEHOUSE.

3p

m

W

N 12 PM

RESULTANT OF STUDYING BOTH THE WINTER AND SUMMER SUNS’ ORIENTATION WITHIN THE APPROXIMATE COORDINATES OF THE SITE, THIS PROVIDES A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PHYSICAL OPENINGS WITHIN MY DESIGN.

9am

S 12

9am

LEGEND

9

WINTER SUN

1ST JULY 2020

pm

E

SUMMER SUN

1ST JANUARY 2020

TREEHOUSES ARE ELEVATED FROM THE GROUND PLANE, THUS THE POINTS OF ACCESS FOR THE SUNS RAYS ARE IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER. THE INTENSITY OF THE RAYS MAY VASTLY AFFECT THE TEMPERATURE COMFORTABILITY WITHIN, ESPECIALLY WITH FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF MATERIAL TYPES. DURING THE SUMMER THE SUN IS ANGLED AT A LOWER DEGREE THAN DURING WINTER, THUS THE SUMMER RAYS WILL PRODUCE MORE INTENSE HEAT.

SUN RANGE

SUN STUDY

‘AN INTRO TO SOLAR ORIENTATION : DESIGNING YOUR HOUSE TO RESPOND TO THE SUN,’ YR ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN, LAST MODIFIED DECEMBER 10, 2018, http://www.yr-architecture.com/an-intro-to-solar-orientation/.

SUN DATA SOURCED FROM: https://www.suncalc.org/#/-34.99,138.6352,17/2020.07.01/15:00/1/3.

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

04

BROWNHILL CREEK

BEING WITH

NATURE

WHAT DOES IT MEAN? LIVING WITHIN A RAPIDLY CHANGING LANDSCAPE - PHYSICALLY AND SOCIETALLY WISE, WHEREIN TECHNOLOGY SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES OUR DAILY LIVES AND CORRESPONDING APPROACHES TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THERE ARE FEW PLACES WHICH CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS ‘TRUE WILDERNESS.’ 10 HOWEVER, WITHIN THE CITY OF ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, THE PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PARK LANDS AND GARDENS CHIEFLY POSSESSING NATIVE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES, 11 REMAINS UNPARALLELED TO NEIGHBOURING CITIES. 12 PRINCIPALLY DETAILED AS BEING RESERVED FOR, ‘ROYALTY, AND PRIVATE, WEALTHY LAND OWNERS,’ 13 WITHIN EUROPEAN HISTORY; SUCH AS THE GARDENS OF VERSAILLES (FRANCE) OR THE VILLA D’ESTE GARDENS (ITALY). BEING ABLE TO CONNECT WITH NATURE WAS SEEN AS REFLECTIVE OF ONE’S HIGH STATUS IN SOCIETY. even now, owning a large yard IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH A GOOD HOUSE, AND THEREFORE A HIGHER INCOME/POSITION WITHIN THE COMMUNITY. NONETHELESS, DESPITE THESE SOCIAL PRINCIPLES, CONTEMPORARY STUDIES HAVE SHOWN direct correlation between IMPROVED SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL STATES, 14 after being with nature.

RELAX / destress

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

FRESH AIR

TIM WATERMAN, THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE (LONDON: BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING PLC, 2015), 83. | 11 “HISTORY,” ADELAIDE PARK LANDS PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION, ACCESSED AUGUST 18, 2020, http://www.adelaide-parklands.asn.au/history. | 12 “ADELAIDE PARK LANDS USAGE,” CITY OF ADELAIDE, ACCESSED AUGUST 18, 2020, https://www.cityofadelaide.com.au/about-adelaide/research-statistics/parklands-usage/. | 13 “HISTORY,” ADELAIDE PARK LANDS PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION. 14 Renate Cervinka, Kathrin Röderer and Elisabeth Hefler, “Are nature lovers happy? On various indicators of well-being and connectedness with nature,” JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 17, NO. 3 (2011): 379-388, https://doi.org/10.1177/135910. | 15 TIM WATERMAN, THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, 83.

10

05

PEACE OF MIND

‘...[NATURE] IS VITAL TO PRESERVE THE HEALTH OF THE PLANET... AND THE HUMAN PSYCHE...’ 15

BROWNHILL CREEK

RESEARCH PRECEDENTS ACKNOWLEDGING THE IMPORTANCE OF CONNECTING with NATURE AND their advantages for individuals’ overall health, i began to look into various treehouse projects. from permanent fixtures to treehouses which can be rented and installed on site, a trait that i was FASCINATED BY WAS the different ways timber could be manipulated and interpreted to reflect the DESIGN concept; THUS, ALSO OFFERING INSIGHT AS TO HOW I WOULD BE ABLE TO MANIPULATE THE PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF NATURAL TIMBER IN THIS DESIGN PROPOSAL.

THE COCOON

DESIGN INTENT

KEY THEMES

SINCE THE DESIGN BRIEF STRONGLY ENCOURAGES THE PRINCIPAL USE OF NATURAL MATERIALS, IN CONJUNCTIN WITH MY LIGHT RESEARCH INTO CONTEMPORARY TREE HOUSES, I’M LEADING TO A MORE ORGANIC AND NATURALISTIC DESIGN FOR MY PROPOSED TREE HOUSE. MORE VERNACULAR IN STYLE, AS IT CAN ALSO BE INTERPRETED AS CONTEMPORARY STYLE.

• • • • •

CONTINUITY FLUIDITY ORGANIC / NATURALISTIC WHIMSICAL / ENCHANTING CONTEMPORARY FLAIR

LONDON, ENGLAND

TEMPORARY STRUCTURE

ROOST TREEHOUSE

YELLOW TREEHOUSE

• PROJECT BY STUDENTS FROM ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION SCHOOL IN LONDON • MATERIALS ARE SOURCED FROM THE IMMEDIATE AREA • USE AS A SHELTER FROM WEATHER • ORIENTED TO FACE THE SUNSET 16

• DESIGN INSPIRED BY ‘ORGANIC CURVACEOUS FORMS... IN NATURE’ • AIM TO BLEND WITH NATURE • BUILT ON A BRACE, TO NOT DAMAGE THE TREES • ABOVE PLATFORM IS ABLE TO GIVE PANORAMIC VIEW 17

• all materials sourced from the ‘yellow pages’ • CONCEPT IS ‘ENCHANTMENT’, REMINISCENT OF FAIRYTALES AND CHILDHOOD DREAMS • OVERSEES AN OPEN MEADOW AND STREAM UPON EDGE OF THE WOODS 18

INITIAL SKETCHED FORMS INSPIRED BY THE LEAVES AND BARK FOUND ON-SITE

A

B

C

TREE HOUSE

AUCKLAND, NZ

CONCEPT

D

GARIMA, ”THE COCOON IS AN ECO FRIENDLY TREEHOUSE SUSPENDED AROUND THREE TREES,” HOMECRUX, LAST MODIFIED JULY 17, 2013, https://www.homecrux.com/the-cocoon-is-an-eco-friendly-tree-house-suspended-around-three-trees/7762/. | 17 ”ROOST TREE HOUSE,” ANTONY GIBBON DESIGNS, ACCESSED AUGUST 18, 2020, https://antonygibbondesigns.com/roost/#1. | 18 FERNANDA CASTRO, “YELLOW TREEHOUSE RESTAURANT / PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTS,” ARCHDAILY, LAST MODIFIED MARCH 18, 2009, https://www.archdaily. com/16445/yellow-treehouse-restaurant-pacific-environments.

16

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

06

BROWNHILL CREEK

SPECIES

RIVER RED GUM

TREE LOCATION site MAP

E U C A LY P T U S C A M A L D U L E N S I S

N

NO SCALE

HEIGHT

???? AV2 0 E- 3R5AMG E ROAD CREEK SURROUNDING VEGETATION SITE TREES

BRO

N

SURROUNDING BLUE GUMS

W

L NHI

LC

REE

KR

D

MY SELECTED

ISOLATED FROM THE TREES LINING THE CREEK, AS WELL AS BEING IDENTIFIED AS A RIVER RED GUM AMONGST THE CONCENTRATION OF BLUE GUM TREES. I SELECTED THIS TREE AS I PREFERRED THE ROBUSTEDNESS OF THE SPECIES COMPARED

07

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

TREE

TO A BLUE GUM. ITS MORE WIDESPREAD BRANCHES AND THE ACCOMPANYING CANOPY OF LEAVES THIS PROVIDES; GIVES AN INTERESTING BASIS FOR MY PROPOSED TREEHOUSE CONCEPT.

BROWNHILL CREEK

CONCEPTUAL 3D EXPLORATIONS

A

DIAG RAMS

B

DISCONTINUED FORMS C AND D DIDN’T REALLY LIKE HOW THE CURVES PRODUCED, NOT REFLECTIVE OF DESIGN INTENT THEMES

+

PERSPECTIVE

NO SCALE COINCIDENTALLY RESEMBLES A GUMNUT?

BASED UPON THE INITIALLY SKETCHED FORMS, A SIMPLIFICATION OF THE FORMS WAS INTERPRETED AS SOFTLY ANGLED CURVES - MAINTAINING THAT THEME OF ORGANIC CURVES AND FLUIDITY. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE CURVES WERE THEN FURTHER MANIPULATED AND AGGREGATED TO PRODUCE MORE INTERESTING AND ABSTRACT FORMS.

2F

TO MAINTAIN A SEMBLANCE OF THE KEY THEMES FROM MY DESIGN INTENT, I PROCEEDED TO COMBINE THE DEVELOPED CURVED AGGREGATIONS IN 3D / PERSPECTIVE VIEWS IN SEVERAL VARIATIONS. I ALSO INPUT THESE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS ON MY SELECTED TREE, TO KEEP IN MIND THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY WHICH WOULD BE EXPLOREDI IN THE NEXT STAGE.

1F

SPIRAL STAIRCASE? WRAP AROUND TRUNK to SAVE SPACE

decided to extend formto gf; smoother appearance gF

PHOTO COURTESY: GUMNUTS ON A EUCALYPTUS TREE BY ALAMY, https://www.alamy.com/gumnuts-on-a-eucalyptus-tree-image224641441.html.

1F+2F tree PLAN NO SCALE

N

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

08

BROWNHILL CREEK

HOW DO YOU BUILD A TREEHOUSE? CONSEQUENTIAL TO THE STUDY OF ORGANIC FORMS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL CORRELATIONS WITH BUILT FORMS. I PROCEEDED TO EXPLORE PROMINENT BUILDING ELEMENTS OF TREEHOUSES; WHAT PATTERN TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS SHARED WITH EACH OTHER, THE EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING AND MATERIALITY, AND THEIR STATURE IN 21ST CENTURY ARCHITECTURE; OFTEN BEING ASSOCIATED AS A CHILDRENS AREA. THIS LED TO THE SIMPLE QUESTION OF, HOW DO YOU BUILD A TREEHOUSE? IN RECENT YEARS THE REPUTABILITY OF TREEHOUSE PROJECTS HAS GIVEN INSIGHT INTO A DIVERSE RANGE OF SKELETAL FRAMEWORKS APPLICABLE TO DYNAMIC AND ABSTRACT FORMS. HOWEVER, IN ORDER TO ARTICULATE WHAT KIND OF FRAMEWORK IS APPOPRIATE, THE FIRST RULE OF TREEHOUSE BUILDING, IS TO IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF TREE THE PROJECT IS BASED ON, AND ANY OUTLYING CHARACTERISTICS IT MAY POSSESS.

‘...THE FIRST RULE OF TREEHOUSE BUILDING IS THAT... IT DEPENDS ON THE TREE...’ 19 IN THE CASE OF THIS PROJECT, RIVER RED GUM TREES ARE NOTORIOUSLY KNOWN FOR, ‘... DROPPING A LIMB...’, 20 PARTICULARLY DURING DROUGHT SEASON. THIS ENABLES THE TREE TO PROLONG ITS INTERNAL WATER LEVELS, AND THRIVE COMFORTABLY. 21 IN REGARDS TO MY SELECTED TREE, IT WAS ALREADY pre-

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

SHELL STRUCTURES & BARREL VAULTS AS MY DESIGN CONCEPT IS A CURVED FORM, I STUDIED VARIOUS TYPES OF SHELL STRUCTURES, including hyperbolic and parabloid forms. 22 LIKEWISE, I ALSO EXPLORED VARIOUS BARREL VAULT STRUCTURES - WHICH I BECAME INTRIGUED WITH, AS THERE WAS DIVERSE WAYS IN INFUSING THE ‘BONES’ AND ‘SKIN’ AS NOT ONLY BENEFICIAL TO THE STRUCTURE BUT ALSO AESTHETIC APPEARANCE AS WELL.

KUPLA : THE BUBBLE HELSINKI, FINLAND 23

SWATCH HEADQUARTERS BIEL/BIENNE, SWITZERLAND 24

AS DISPLAYED TO THE RIGHT, I AM INTERESTED IN THE KUPLA STRUCTURE, AS IT IS QUITE A SIMPLE FRAMEWORK BUT APPEARS ELEGANT AND DELICATE IN ITS ARRANGEMENT AND SCALE.

ARTICULATING the

STRUCTURE

RYAN D’AGOSTINO, “HOW TO BUILD A TREEHOUSE,” POPULAR MECHANICS, LAST MODIFIED JULY 4, 2020, https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/how-to-plans/a33001389/build-a-treehouse/. | 20 “AUSTRALIA’S RIVER RED GUMS - EUCALYPTUS CAMALDELENSIS,“ DISCOVER MURRAY, ACCESSED AUGUST 25, 2020, http://www.murrayriver.com.au/about-the-murray/river-red-gums/. | 21 “AUSTRALIA’S RIVER RED GUMS,” DISCOVER MURRAY. | 22 STEPHEN EMMITT AND CHRISTOPHER A. GROSS, BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS (UNITED KINGDOM: JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2014), 258-271. | 23 “KUPLA - HELSINKI ZOO LOOKOUT TOWER | AVANTO ARCHITECTS,” ARCH20, LAST ACCESSED AUGUST 28, 2020, https://www.arch2o.com/kupla-helsinki-zoo-lookout-tower-avanto-architects/. | 24 JOANN GONCHAR, “A Closer Look at the Gridshell Roof of Swatch Headquarters by Shigeru Ban,” ARCHITECTURAL RECORD, LAST MODIFIED DECEMBER 2, 2019, https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/14393-a-closer-look-at-the-gridshell-roof-of-swatch-headquartersby-shigeru-ban.

19

09

CONCEIVED THAT ONLY TWO PRIMARY BRANCHES (AS SEEN IN THE INITIAL 3D CONCEPTUALISATIONS) WOULD BE UTILIZED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE TREEHOUSE STRUCTURE.

BROWNHILL CREEK

SKETCHED Framework EXPLORATIONS NO SCALE I.

GRASSHOPPER Framework EXPLORATIONS ROUGH SCALE SKELETON A

NICKNAME : “BIRD CAGE”

RINGS 5 DIAMONDS 14 FORM IS too angular

SKELETON B

RINGS 7 DIAMONDS 10 ALSO STILL A BUT TOO STATIC

II.

SKELETON D

NICKNAME : “BIRDS NEST” I AM INTRIGUED WITH THE DIAMOND GRID; DECIDING TO FURTHER REFINE THIS OPTION...

RINGS 3 DIAMONDS 40 RESEMBLES A WICKER BASKET?

SKELETON E

RINGS 5 DIAMONDS 50 TOO HEAVY TESSELATION

RINGS 7 DIAMONDS 30 SKELETON C I FURTHER REFINED MY DESIGN PROCESS THROUGH THE USE OF GRASSHOPPER. GENERATING FIVE INDIVIDUAL ‘SKELETONS’, ROUGHLY SCALEd. I EXPERIMENTED WITH THE AMOUNT OF STRUCTURAL ‘RINGS’ AND THE HEAVINESS OF THE GRID-LIKE, DIAMOND TESSELATION PATTERN. ADDITONALLY TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION SHEARING AND COMPRESSION THAT MAY OCCUR DUE TO THE CURVED FORM OF THE INTENDED STRUCTURE.

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

10

BROWNHILL CREEK

skeleton refinements

floor levels height / thickness

3000mM / 200mm TOTAL STRUCTURE HEIGHT

9.4M

MINOR ADJUSTMENTS WERE MADE TO THE SELECTED SKELETON, INCLUDING OVERALL SCALE OF THE FORM, THICKNESS OF THE ‘BONES’, and distorting areas for an asymmetrical appearance; closer to my initial 3d concept.

RL

2F

TREE FITTING

FINAL SKELETON N N

1F N N

EAST ELEVATION

gF

SOUTH

11

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

west

north

BROWNHILL CREEK

BUILDING

ELEMENTS THE PLATFORMS WILL REST UPON THE EXO-SKELETON AS principal SUPPORT

INTERNAL STRUCTURAL RINGS TO BOLT THE GRID ONTO

STRUCTuRAL LOADS? AS THE GRID SHELL EXTENDS TO THE GF, I AM PROPOSING IT AS AN ALMOST ‘EXO-SKELETON’; BEING THE MAIN FRAMEWORK

FLOOR LEVELS / PLATFORMS

POSSESS TIMBER BEAMS UNDERNEATH TO PREVENT SHEARING / COMPRESSION OF TIMBER

A

implement ‘braces’ so structure is noninvasive to trees’ form

N N

RLP

2FP

1FP

SECTION AA

A

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

12

BROWNHILL CREEK

FORM REFINING loosely identified as a ‘hyperboloid structure’ 25 in architecture. the uniqueness of the skeleton and its asymmetry allows for the input of a ‘skin’ that will increase the dynamic nature of the treehouse. taking into account the tesselation of the BONES - which will also be employed as the primary building structure, initial brainstorming of what natural materials could be utilized as the skin led to further use of timber, albeit in a different variation to the structure.

FRAGMENTED windows? content with the decision as timber to be the primary material for the treehouses’ skin, i was left with the challenge of what to do with openings, such as windows. TO MAINTAIN MY KEY THEME CONTINUTY, I DIDNT WANT TO ‘CUT OUT’ SHAPES INTO AN ALREADY ESTBALISHED SKELETON FRAMEWORK. INSTEAD I wished to retain the triangular shapes - almost as if the windows GREW / NATURALLY DEVELOPED INBETWEEN THE BONES; not the same as the swatch headquarters’ elliptical windows (PAGE 09).

DESIGNING W/ NATURE

RESEARCH ANALYSIS DESIGNED BY ARANGUREN & GALLEGOS ARCHITECTS IN MADRID, 26 THE ABC MUSEUM POSSESSES A SLEEK AND CONTEMPORARY TRIANGULAR DISSECTED FACADE. THE PIECES FEATURED AS WINDOWS ALLOW THE FILTRATION OF NATURAL LIGHT IN DYNAMIC ANGLES AND SHAPES THROUGHOUT THE DAY. THUS, ‘... GENERATES A “WEIGHTLESS SPACE”...’ 27 ALTERNATIVELY, THE ROCK CLIMBING GYM BY NEW WAVE ARCHITECTURE, 28 EXPRESSES A LOCATION BASED DESIGN INTENT; THE ROCKY PLAINS OF MAZANDARAN. DESCRIBED AS A, ‘...

FRAGMENTED MASS...’, 29 THE HEAVY CONCENTRATION OF TRIANGULATED WINDOWS ENABLE THE LANDSCAPE TO ‘... VISUALLY CREEP INTO The BUILDING...’. 30

ABC MUSEUM MADRID, SPAIN

ROCK CLIMBING GYM POLUR, IRAN

“hyperboloid structures,” detail , issuu, february 1, 2015, https://issuu.com/detail-magazine/docs/hyperbolic_structures. | 26 “ABC Museum, Illustration and Design Center / Aranguren & Gallegos Architects,” ARCHDAILY, LAST MODIFIED JUNE 28, 2011, https://www.archdaily.com/146168/abc-museum-illustration-and-design-center-aranguren-gallegos-architects. | 27 IBID | 28 DANA TOMIĆ HUGHES, “TOTALLY TERRIFIC TRIANGLES IN ARCHITECTURE & INTERIORS,” YELLOWTRACE, LAST MODIFIED AUGUST 22, 2014, https://www.yellowtrace.com.au/triangles-in-architecture/. | 29 IBID. | 30 IBID. | 25

13

TO BROADEN MY UNDERSTANDING OF THIS DYNAMIC WAY OF DEVELOPING WINDOWS, I LOOKED INTO EXISTING ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES THAT DISPLAYED THIS SENSE OF ORGANIC-MADE OPENINGS.

BROWNHILL CREEK

stage I

stage II

THE THREE MAIN STAGES

REMOVED BRANCHES LOCATION

CONTINUING UPON CONTINUITY AND ORGANIC FLUIDITY, the refinement process underwent THREE evident stages. RESULTANT OF THE DISRUPTIVENESS OF THE STRUCTURAL RINGS, stage i REPLACES THEM WITH CURVED STRUCTURAL COLUMNS INSTEAD. A TOTAL OF 14 COLUMNS WERE INPUT, GENERATING A MORE FLUID APPEARANCE. CONSEQUENTLY, in stage ii, IT WAS MORESO FOCUSED ON STRIPPING SELECT AMOUNT OF ELEMENTS. WHEREN, ONLY A TOTAL OF 7 CURVED COLUMNS WERE KEPT, THUS REFINING THE FORM AS MORE SLEEKER AND VERNACULAR ALMOST.

N

STAGE III, CONSISTED OF REMOVING INDIVIDUAL BONES TO PRODUCE OPENINGS FOR NATURAL LIGHT TO FILTER IN; FRAGMENTED WINDOWS. WHETHER IT IS A VAST SECTION OR COMPACTED DIAMONDS AS SHOWN IN THE DETAIL BELOW. THIS ALLOWS INHABITANTS TO ENJOY UNOBSTRUCTED VIEWS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. THUS, ANOTHER APPLIED INTERPRETATION OF CONTINUITY WITH THE SITE.

BEFORE

AFTER

REMOVAL OF MINOR BRANCHES

REFINEMENT FORMS

stage III

LOCATED ON THE NORTHEAST SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE (MAIN LIVING AREA)

FRAGMENTED WINDOWS DETAIL

ONCE THE FORM OF THE TREEHOUSE WAS FINALIZED, THERE WAS THE ISSUE OF SOME MINOR BRANCHES CAUSING A DISRUPTION TO SOME AREAS OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. SINCE THE DESIGN ITSELF IS BASED ON THE TREE, THERE WAS NO MAJOR HARM TO THE TREES’ WELLBEING. FOR THE TRUNK AND MAIN BRANCHES THAT WOULD BE IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, SUCH AS FLOOR LEVELS, INTERIOR OR EXTERIOR WALLS. THERE ARE PROTECTIVE COVERS/BRACKETS IN THESE INSTANCES.

TREE BRACE DETAIL IN CONTEXT

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THE ARCHITECTURE

FOCUS : SKYLIGHT THE EXISTING OPENING IN THE FORM ALLOWED FOR THE INTEGRATION OF A SKYLIGHT; PROMOTING THE UTILIZATION OF filtering NATURAL LIGHT INtoTHE INTERIOR

B

B

N

N

GF PLAN

N

1F PLAN

SCALE 1:???

2F PLAN

SCALE 1:???

SCALE 1:???

N

N

N

N

height

9.4M

EAST

15

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SOUTH

west

north

RFL 2FcL

BROWNHILL CREEK

glt

ACRYLIC WQ

PGS

TIMBERS WQ

glt

HA

PGS

PLEXIGLAS ® PERFECTION TM UF-5 31 non-glare

WOODBEQUIET TM GLUE LAMINATED HYRBID RETREAT ACOUSTIC PLANKS 32 TIMBER 33 AUSSIE sunplanks 34 CUSTOM FITTING

ATHERTON SPOTTED GUM

2FL glt

1FcL

MATERIALITY PALETTE

WQ

CONSCIOUS OF ACCESSIBILITY TO MATERIALS, ACOUSTICS, THERMAL COMFORT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS. THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS WAS HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY THESE PRINCIPLES AND THE PREVALENT AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS (AS) AND THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION CODE (NCC):

PGS

+ AS 1720.1:2010 TIMBER STRUCTURES, PART 1: DESIGN METHODS WQ

+ AS 1657:2018 FIXED PLATFORMS, WALKWAYS, STAIRWAYS AND LADDERS - DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION

HA

1FL GFcL

+ AS/NZ 4256.5:1996 PLASTIC ROOF & WALL CLADDING, PART 5: POLYCARBONATE

glt WQ

+ NCC VOLUME 2 (2016) : BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA, CLASS 1 AND 10 BUILDINGS glt

+ NCC HANDBOOK (2016) : STRUCTURAL ROBUSTNESS WQ

SECTION BB GFL

INTERNAL VIEW DINING AREA HA

“PLEXIGLAS PERFECTION UF-5,” ARKEMA, ALTUGLAS INTERNATIONAL, LAST MODIFIED 2013, https://www.plexiglas.com/export/sites/plexiglas/.content/medias/downloads/sheet-docs/plexiglas-perfexion.pdf. | 32 “WOODBEQUIET - ACOUSTIC PLANKS,” ACOUFELT, ACCESSED AUGUST 20, 2020, https://acoufelt.com/au/product/woodbequiet/. | 33 “CURVED BEAMS,” HYNE TIMBER, ACCESSED AUGUST 20, 2020, https://www.hyne.com.au/glue-laminated/curved-beams. | 42 “RETREAT AUSSIE : ATHERTON SPOTTED GUM,” CARPET COURT, ACCESSED AUGUST 20, 2020, https://www.carpetcourt.com.au/retreat-aussie. | 31

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COMMUNITY

IDENTITY ONCE THE TREEHOUSE DESIGN WAS FINALIZED, TO BE ABLE TO REPLICATE IT SEVERAL TIMES OVER REQUIRED IDENTIFYING THE CHARACTER OF SAID DESIGN. WHEREIN ESTABLISHING AN IDENTITY WOULD BE ABLE TO ENCOURAGE COMMUNAL ACTIVITIES. PROMINENTLY FAMILIAR WITH SIMILARLY INCLINED STRUCTURES FROM THE MYRIAD OF RESEARCH PRECEDENTS ANALYSIS’ THROUGHOUT THE DESigN STAGES. IT BECAME PREVALENT THAT THE CONCEPTUAL IDENTITY OF THE TREEHOUSE WOULD REWIND BACK TO SQUARE ONE OF “BEING WITH NATURE”, AND THE QUESTION OF - WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

ACCOMMODATE INHABITANTS’ DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALITIES WAS IMPORTANT IN STRATEGISING. FOR INSTANCE, SOMEONE MAY PREFER TO DESTRESS WITHIN THE SOLITUDE OF NATURE, WHILST ANOTHER PREFERS A MORE OPEN AND SOCIAL APPROACH, NEEDING INTERACTION WITH OTHER INDIVIDUALS TO PROPERLY RE-ENERGISE. THUS, CLASSIFYING WHAT EXISTING SCHEDULES THE TREEHOUSE POSSESSES WAS VITAL IN MOVING FORWARD IN COMING UP WITH STRATEGIES AND LANDSCAPING DESIGNS TO ACCOMMODATE THIS CONCEPT OF FLUIDITY IN THE COMMUNITY’S IDENTITY.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN? 2.0 RECOGNISED THROUGH A MULTITUDE OF STUDIES as vital in PROMOTING A HEALTHY, ‘...human psyche...’. 35 I PROCEEDED TO DRAW UPON THE KEY DESIGN THEMES OF CONTINUITY, FLUIDITY AND NATURALISM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THIS NOTION OF A HEALING SPACE WITHIN NATURE. CONSCIOUS OF THE DISPARITY BETWEEN ESTABLISHING A PLACE WHERE INDIVIDUALS CAN HEAL IN PRIVATE OR THROUGH A COMMUNAL SPIRIT, I PROCEEDED TO BRAINSTORM THESE TWO PERSPEC TIVES. ESTABLISHING “FLUID” PROGRAMS TO

35

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TIM WATERMAN, THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, 83. |

BROWNHILL CREEK

EXISTING ZONES THESE DIAGRAMS DEPICT THE CHARACTERISTICS CORRESPONDING TO SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS AND EXISTING PROGRAMS. (E.G. ENTRYWAY WOULD BE THE MOST ACTIVE ZONE ACROSS ALL THREE DIAGRAMS). THESE VISUALISATIONS ENABLE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT AREAS REACT THE BEST TO SCHEDULES WHICH INCREASE INDIVIDUALS’ CONNECTIVENESS WITH NATURE.

‘... AGRICULTURE [AND] MARKET GARDENING...’ 36

INITIAL GARDEN FORMS

CONCEPTUAL SKETCHES

A

36

B

going with option c, the community garden is arranged parallel to the existing walking trail; ADOPTS A MORE FLUID APPEARANCE.

‘BROWNHILL CREEK,’ MITCHAM COUNCIL.

C

PRIVATE

QUIET

PUBLIC

LOUD

privacy

STRATEGIES & PROGRAMS collaboratively EMPLOYING THE KEY DESIGN THEMES INTO THE TREEHOUSES’ COMMUNAL CULTURE, TO INCREASE THE AWARENESS OF BROWNHILL CREEKS’ EXTENSIVE HISTORY, INSPIRATION WAS ALSO DRAWN UPON THE LOCATIONS’ RETIRED PROGRAMS. such as the emphasis on agriculture and market gardens amongst locals. i aim TO REVITALISE A PIECE OF HISTORY SIGNIFICANT TO THE PERSONALITY OF BROWNHILL CREEK, albeit in a contemporary interpretation - just like the treehouse itself.

MOTION

SONANCE whilst diagramming the existing zones, it led to the issue of stormwater run off and ground stability edging the stucture.

“french drain” system MAINTAINS GROUND STABILITY + PREVENTS POTENTIAL FLOODING OF Gf; subtle look STORMWATER CAN ALSO BE REINTRODUCED TO THE SITES STRONG CONCENTRATION OF GROUNDWATER as they are next to a creek QUIET

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BROWNHILL CREEK

the five extra trees

OG

TREEHOUSES : THE FIRST RULE N

THE ORIGINAL TREE

N

N

N

N

1/5

THE SITE

LEGEND

2/5

3/5

4/5

distance between treehouses

5/5

the SELECTION PROCESS WAS PREDOMINANTLY RELIANT UPON WHAT IS REGARDED AS THE, ‘... FIRST RULE OF TREEHOUSE BUILDING...’, 37 WHICH DEPENDS SOLELY upON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE ITSELF. in this case, EUCALYPTUS TREES THAT WERE THE SAME SUB-SPECIES - river red gum’s, TO THE original tree (OG), were nominated. thus, being able to maintain the effectiveness of several features (eg. tree bracing, load bearing, etc) of the design.

LOCATING THE SUPPLEMENTARY

TREE’S

5/5

68.09 m 37.94 m 4/5

38.44 m

N

OG

3/5

70.16 m 2/5

37.3 m 1/5

19

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37

D’AGOSTINO, “HOW TO BUILD A TREEHOUSE.”

BROWNHILL CREEK

the final consequential to the key themes established earlier on in this project: • • • • •

CONTINUITY FLUIDITY ORGANIC / NATURALISTIC WHIMSICAL / ENCHANTING CONTEMPORARY FLAIR

the critical selection and refining process for the treehouse and the corresponding communal garden, effectively displays these conceptual traits. from their fluid and organic forms, to

the consciously selected natural materials.

LIKEWISE, the effort in which blending the design into the site also showcases how ‘BEING WITH NATURE” IS PROMOTED THROUGH SPATIAL CONNECTIVENESS. THE TREEHOUSE OFFERS RESPITE FOR INDIVIDUALS WHOM WISH TO RELAX AND RECONNECT WITH THEMSELVES WITHIN THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE OF BROWNHILL CREEK. BUT ALSO EXPERIENCE THE BENEFITS OF A COMMUNAL LOT THROUGH A SHARED INTEREST OF GARDENING; IN WHICH EACH PLOT POSSESSES DISTINCTIVE SPECIES. FROM HERBS AND SPICES, TO FRESH SEASONAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLES TO PROMOTE THE LOCALE. individuals are encouraged to visit each plot, rather than just being restricted to one further showcasing the importance of community within the project.

RELAX / destress

PEACE OF MIND

FRESH AIR

community spirit

fresh produce

picturesque views

+

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BIBLIOGRAPHY “ABC Museum, Illustration and Design Center / Aranguren & Gallegos Architects.” ARCHDAILY. LAST MODIFIED JUNE 28, 2011. https://www.archdaily. com/146168/abc-museum-illustration-and-design-center-aranguren-gallegos-architects. • ADELAIDE PARK LANDS PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION. “HISTORY.” ACCESSED AUGUST 18, 2020. http://www.adelaide-parklands.asn.au/history.

• “AUSTRALIA’S RIVER RED GUMS - EUCALYPTUS CAMALDELENSIS.“ DISCOVER MURRAY. ACCESSED AUGUST 25, 2020. http://www.murrayriver.com.au/about-the-murray/ river-red-gums/. • BIE Creative. “BROWNHILL CREEK HISTORICAL GUIDED TOUR.” YOUTUBE. FILMED APRIL 2020 AT BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK, MITCHAM, SA. VIDEO, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_XDdln35Co. • “BROWNHILL CREEK RECREATION PARK.” DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES. LAST MODIFIED JUNE, 2010. • “BROWN HILL CREEK.” MITCHAM COUNCIL. ACCESSED AUGUST 4, 2020. https://www.mitchamcouncil.sa.gov.au/discover/places-to-visit/ brown-hill-creek. • CASTRO, FERNANDA. “YELLOW TREEHOUSE RESTAURANT / PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTS.” ARCHDAILY. LAST MODIFIED MARCH 18, 2009. https://www.archdaily. com/16445/yellow-treehouse-restaurant-pacific-environments.

Cervinka, RENATE, Kathrin Röderer and Elisabeth Hefler. “Are nature lovers happy? On various indicators of well-being and connectedness with nature.” JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 17, NO. 3 (2011): 379-388. https://doi. org/10.1177/1359105311416873. • CITY OF ADELAIDE. “ADELAIDE PARK LANDS USAGE.” ACCESSED AUGUST 18, 2020. https://www.cityofadelaide.com.au/about-adelaide/research-statistics/parklands-usage/. • “CURVED BEAMS.” HYNE TIMBER. ACCESSED AUGUST 20, 2020. https://www.hyne.com.au/glue-laminated/curvedbeams. • D’AGOSTINO, RYAN. “HOW TO BUILD A TREEHOUSE.” POPULAR MECHANICS. LAST MODIFIED JULY 4, 2020. https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/how-to-

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plans/a33001389/build-a-treehouse/. • GARIMA. ”THE COCOON IS AN ECO FRIENDLY TREEHOUSE SUSPENDED AROUND THREE TREES.” HOMECRUX. LAST MODIFIED JULY 17, 2013. https://www.homecrux.com/the-cocoon-is-an-eco-friendly-tree-housesuspended-around-three-trees/7762/. • GONCHAR, JOANN. “A Closer Look at the Gridshell Roof of Swatch Headquarters by Shigeru Ban.” ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. LAST MODIFIED DECEMBER 2, 2019. https://www.architecturalrecord. com/articles/14393-a-closer-look-at-the-gridshell-roof-of-swatch-headquarters-by-shigeru-ban. • “hyperboloid structures.” detail , issuu. february 1, 2015. https://issuu.com/detail-magazine/docs/hyperbolic_structures. • HUGHES, DANA TOMIĆ. “TOTALLY TERRIFIC TRIANGLES IN ARCHITECTURE & INTERIORS.” YELLOWTRACE. LAST MODIFIED AUGUST 22, 2014. https://www.yellowtrace.com.au/ triangles-in-architecture/. • “KUPLA - HELSINKI ZOO LOOKOUT TOWER | AVANTO ARCHITECTS.” ARCH20. LAST ACCESSED AUGUST 28, 2020. https://www.arch2o. com/kupla-helsinki-zoo-lookout-tower-avanto-architects/. • “PLEXIGLAS PERFECTION UF-5.” ARKEMA, ALTUGLAS INTERNATIONAL. LAST MODIFIED 2013. https:// www.plexiglas.com/export/sites/plexiglas/.content/medias/downloads/ sheet-docs/plexiglas-perfexion.pdf. • “RETREAT AUSSIE : ATHERTON SPOTTED GUM.” CARPET COURT. ACCESSED AUGUST 20, 2020. https://www.carpetcourt.com. au/retreat-aussie. • ”ROOST TREE HOUSE.” ANTONY GIBBON DESIGNS. ACCESSED AUGUST 18, 2020. https://antonygibbondesigns.com/roost/#1. • STEPHEN EMMITT AND CHRISTOPHER A. GROSS. BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS. UNITED KINGDOM: JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2014. 258-271. • SUN CALC. “Wirraparinga Trail, Brown Hill Creek, South Australia, 5062, AUS.” https://www.suncalc. org/#/-34.99,138.6352,17/2020.07.01/15:00/1/3. • TOPOGRAPHIC MAP. “ADELAIDE.” https://en-au.topographic-map.com/maps/jvq2/Adelaide/). • WATERMAN, TIM. THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. LONDON: BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING PLC, 2015. 83. • “WOODBEQUIET - ACOUSTIC PLANKS.” ACOUFELT. ACCESSED AUGUST 20, 2020. https://acoufelt.com/au/product/woodbequiet/. • YR ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN. “AN INTRO TO SOLAR ORIENTATION : DESIGNING YOUR HOUSE TO RESPOND TO THE SUN.” LAST MODIFIED DECEMBER 10, 2018. http://www.yr-architecture.com/an-intro-to-solar-orientation/.

BROWNHILL CREEK

https://issuu.com/jemara00?issuu_product=header&issuu_subproduct=document_page&issuu_context=link&issuu_cta=profile

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw0YCcgOhaOrJNBzJ1X1sxQ?view_as=subscriber

‘...[NATURE] IS VITAL TO PRESERVE THE HEALTH OF THE PLANET... AND THE HUMAN PSYCHE...’ tim waterman

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