Political economy and henry george an islami pakistani response

Strategic Futuring: My Vision of the 21st Century Future.

The International Political Economy and Henry George: An Islami-Pakistani Response.

(For: Prof. Stephen I. Ternyik, Germany).

By: Dr. Ikram Azam (‘ndc’) Co-Founder, Donor and Hony. Co-Chairperson The PFI and MVs.

January, 2015.

The PFI and MVs H.No. 37, St.No. 33, Sector F-8/1, Islamabad Pakistan.

E-mail: pfi24@hotmail.com Phone (M): 0315-3061940

The Throes of Rebirth: 2014-15 (By: Ikram Azam)

The throes of Rebirth are on The agony of Renaissance has set in The pangs of Resistence, Revival and Renewal are pressing persistently As a New Year, a New Millennium Indeed, a New Era and Aeon Dawn on the horizon of human history: The Messiah is already there among us Working invisibly to restore The world’s moral-spiritual order With the help of the equally invisible Wali-Allah Friends of God And Saints of every Faith of true Believers The anti-Christ one-eyed Dajjal is also rampant In the super-duper puupet power of the demigods’ Clash of Cultures, Civilizations and Ideologies Between God-less Materialism-Mammonism and Moralism And atheistic-agnostic Secularism versus Spiritualism In which Nature and Humanity, alike Are the terrorized targets of Capitalistic Corporate avarice turned gluttony Which uses vicious wily wire money To shock to extinction Whole nations, societies and systems Just to fatten the bloated rich At the cost of the starving millions Of the whole wide world From the North to South, East to West: But the Winds of Change Are already storm-trooping triumphantly To usher in A New Moral-Spiritual World Order Of Sovereign Peace in Fraternal Freedom True Justice, Basic Needs and Human Rights For one and all of the globe In God’s Kingdom on Earth Where Prophets Adam, Moses and Abraham

Christ and Muhammad ( ) Shall together defeat the contemporary Dajjals To create A Perennial Peace Paradise on Earth: Once cleansed of evil Of exploitation, war and terrorism Our this very beautiful sacred Earth Will transmute – transform into Heaven, itself Promised by all of The Sacred Scriptures Of our Sister Revealed Religions In their Soulful Sisterhood-Brotherhood!

(Dated: 23rd Dec., 2014).

(Time: 9.35 a.m.). ****************

The International Political Economy and Henry George: An Islami Pakistani Response.

(For: Prof. Stephen I. Ternyik, Germany).

(By: Ikram Azam (`ndc’)) Part I: Henry George: A Glimps: Introduction: My main source of reference for this article is the book, Progress And Poverty

by Henry George (1). Also his classic: The Science of Political Economy. I had written about him earlier also, under the title: “Henry George As A Creative Futurist”. (2). The theme of his book Progress And Poverty is:

“Why there are recessions and poverty amid plenty --- and what to do about it”.

His interest for the world today in general, the Muslim World in particular, Pakistan, and for me personally, is as an Altruistic Ethical Political Economist, because Altruistic Ethical Political Economy is the crying need of humanity today.

Despite all of its pretentious number crunching, data dilating, econometric, mathetical and computer models, Economics is not --- and cannot be --- an exact science like Maths, Physics and Chemistry. It is a human --- humane and social science, whose purpose is --- and should be --- to serve humanity and society, morally and spiritually, ethically and altruistically. Not to serve the greedy, gluttonous, grabbing, hegemonic filthy rich power elite, at the cost of the impoverished and marginalized masses, the wretched and poor of the earth.

Henry George’s Focus:

“My conclusions assert certain laws. If these are really natural laws, they must be apparent in universal history. As a final test, therefore, I must work out the law of human progress’.

“Investigations reveal that differences in civilizations are not due to differences in individuals or races, but rather to differences in social organization.

Progress is always kindled by association, And civilization always perish as inequality develops’…..

“Political democracy, without economic opportunity’, (democracy) `will develop into anarchy and despotism”; (3).

The above means, on current analysis: (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv) (v)

Social Organization: the Political Economy System --- whether just, fair and equitable, or exploitative.

Political Democracy: as in the West and the rest of the world today, where Democracy has degenerated into the money laundering of votes at elections, and election rigging. Also, Human Rights have been deviously, devilishly delinked from Basic Needs. To use the former as an excuse of interventionist action, socio-politico-economic as well as military strategic intervention. The latter to exploit the poor, both by neglect, and by active policy and practice.

The result is `anarchy and despotism’, which we are witnessing all over the world today.

The rise and fall of nations and civilizations is Systemic --- caused by their Just or Unjust Systems.

Thus, Justice is the prescribed panacea of the rot. And so:

“It’ (Henry George’s) `was, and still is, a plan for peace, prosperity, equality and justice” --- as an enduring classic. (4).

His Enduring Legacy: Henry George’s Eduring Legacy lies in his Basic Political Economy Concepts which are, according to Social Scientist Prof. Stephen I. Ternyik of Germany (5): (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

Land Value.

The Banking System.

Governmental Monetary and Fiscal Policies and Practices.

Rent.

Taxation.

The Interest Rate.

The overall affect of the foregoing on the Socio-Political Economy; and their impact on the Wealth and Health of Nations, or otherwise.

The contrasting prevalence of wealth and poverty, simultaneously, recurrently.

(ix)

The regularly recurrent problematic phenomena of trade, business and Economic Cycles.

Prof. Dr. Fred E. Foldvary: I also have on hand two interesting research papers by Prof. Dr. Fred E. Foldvary, an American economist, provided by Prof. S.I. Ternyik. They are: (i) (ii)

The Depression of 2008. (6).

Intellectual Tyranny of the Status Quo: Geo-Rent: A Plea to Public Economists. (7).

In the first, the learned author defines a recession and depression, and the distinction between them as under:-

“A recession is related to the word `recede’, meaning to fall back. An economic recession is a fall in total output that lasts for a significant time interval. In the US, a recession is usually recognized when the gross domestic product, the total output of legally produced goods, falls during two consecutive quarters, i.e., for six months’.

“An economy is depressed when output falls below the long-run trend.

Therefore a depression begins during a recession when GDP falls below the longrun-trend, and ends in the recovery when GDP rises above that trend…..

“It would be more meaningful to measure a recession as a fall in per-capita GDP rather than in total GDP”. (P.I).

The last mentioned is a significant point in terms of justice and equity.

Per-capita income is a realistic indicator of the real life economic situation at the level of individuals. The GDP is a false measure of notional national prosperity --- which may not actually trickled down to the masses.

“However, I will use the standard criterion of total output” (p.1) --provided it truly reflects the human endeavour and contribution to it.

Fred E. Foldvary goes on to analyse the following key issues in his book(let): (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Money, Real Estate and Business Cycles.

The Economic Cat. The Generic Business Cycle.

Capital Goods and Interest Rates.

Land and the Business Cycle.

(vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii)

Fannie and Freddie (a typically American phenomenon).

The Indirect Ownership of Real Estate.

Riding the River.

Location, Location, and Timing.

How to Extirpate the Cycles.

News in 2007 Confirms the Real Estate Deceleration.

Authors on Market Madness and Impending Doom.

(This is the author’s Literature Review).

The Waterfall.

The above are significant issues in his case study of the American economy.

The Core Critical Question: Why do the Business, Trade and Economic Cycles occur? --- rather than how?

I am of the `socialist’ view that they are unnecessary, artificial and man-made.

More specifically, they are the products of the ever exceedingly, extremenly exploitative Capitalistic Political Economy System. Capitalism creates Poverty inherently. Therefore, it cannot solve the Problem of Poverty, which is essentially interlinked with the larger than life issue of Justice, Equality and Freedom.

In his second research paper on Geo-Rent, Fred E. Foldvary makes a plea for Geo-Rent on land. It is his alternative term for `land rent’, `ground rent’ and `economic land rent’. His discussion of “Land and its Uniqueness” is convincing. But to my mind, the most attractive point in his paper is about Public Economics and Economists. Economics becomes Exploitation --- if it is not People Friendly, Serving and Sustaining.

Part 2: The Islami Perspective: There is much in common between the Concepts of Henry George, and the Precepts of Islam, as spot-lighted in Islami Economics, discussed in the following running commentry: (i)

Ideology and The Perennial Human Values: Peace, Justice, Freedom, Fraternity, Equality and Altruism.

These are common to all Revealed and Great Religions, to Islam, Islami Economics and Henry George’s Georgian Economics. Islam is the Muslim’s true Ideology, which inspires the Perpetual National Purpose and Interest.

(ii)

Islami Consensual Democracy-cum-Socialism: These are distinct and distinguishable from their Western counterparts, in that they are motivated by Islam, per se, in addition to the Perennial Human Values mentioned already above. In real life terms that means Islami Democracy in an Islami Welfare State Social System, the central pivot of which is true Islami Justice in Sovereign Strategic SelfReliance and Fraternal Freedom. The stress is equally on Basic Needs and Human Roles, Responsibilities and Rights. All are integrally and innately inseparable. The Islami Basic Needs and Human Rights derive their rationale and strength from “Islami Haquq”: `Allah and Ebad’, about Rights of Allah, and the Roles, Responsibilities and Rights of Humans. The objective is to balance the two: Socio-Political Democracy and SocioEconomic Democracy, with equal emphasis on the Politics and Economics of the Islami Political Economy, in order to serve Society and Humanity.

(iii)

Islami Geosociology: Islam’s foremost focus is on Geography or the Country and Society or People --- as the stepping stone, first, to the Islami Fraternity or “Ummah”, then, the “Ahl-al-Kitab” --- Brothers of the Book, Jews and Christians, and finally the largest Global Human Fraternity. Geography and Society determine the basic Parameters of the Ideloogical National Interest.

(iv)

Islami Economics: Its aim is a Steady State Sustainable Economy which is enlightenedly balanced and moderated. As such, it steers clear of the extremes of Business and Trade Cycles, and the excesses of Economic Cycles.

Fair, just, judicious and equitably balanced Public-Private Partnership is encouraged to serve the National Interest and the Human Purpose of perpetuating Peace on Earth through and in an Altruistic SocioPolitical Economy System.

(v)

Land: Islam regards Land as a sacred human trust in perpetuity for sensible use by the entire society and humanity. Thus, their responsibility to the living children and youth of the present, as well the future generations ad-perenniam. Land is a comprehensive term inclusive of all the Elements: air, soil, water, the atmosphere and minerals. Ecosophy: Environmental Ethics, Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology are rooted in and satisfied by the Earth’s Sacredness, which is, then, logically, against

all kinds and forms of Pollution --- not just sound, air, water, soil-earth and atmospheric, but also Moral, Ethical and Spiritual. (vi)

Goods and Services: Islami Ethics are their determining factor, according to which: (a) The Necessities of life, including the Basic Needs and Human

Rights are the minimal must.

(b) Comforts and Convenience are encouraged. (c) Luxuries which cause human deviation, (d) (e) (f) (g)

decay and degradation, are not only discouraged, but positively prohibited.

Honest Earning, Saving and Simple ostation-free Living are prescribed.

Glut Consumerism, Gluttony, Avarice and Acquisitiveness are discarded.

Materialism, especially Mammonism, are spurned.

Secularism which is immoral, or even amoral, is slighted.

There is no neutral-ground in Islam: one is either moral or not --- immoral, irresponsible and unethical. (vii)

Money: It is a mere means of exchange, and not an avaricious end in itself.

Ideally, it needs to be backed by precious minerals’ reserves: gold and silver, oil and gas, strategic minerals, and agricultural wealth, etc.

Minimally, money must be backed by productivity: trade, business, and industry, as well as agricultural produce: the Natural National Wealth.

(viii)

Interest: Islam strictly prohibits Interest as Usury, being exploitative and impoverishing. It is unearned income.

(ix)

Islami Banking: It is based on the principle of Just and Judicious Partnership. The ideal Bank Rate is that of “Zakat” (Islami Charity), i.e., 2-1/2% of one’s savings, rather than earnings. Because one’s living expenses have to be defrayed out of one’s honest earnings or total income.

(x)

Islami Taxes: The Islami System of Taxation is based on the principles of Altruistic Welfare, Justice, Equity and Sustainability.

(xi) (xii) (xiii)

Poverty being the core cause of evil, is un-Islami.

Riches are also un-Islami, if extremist, exploitative, corrupt, unjust and poverty-crafting.

Islami Charities: Their sworn and declared objective is to support and sustain the Islami Welfare State Social System.

(xiv)

Islami Economic Planning: It is futuristic, perspective and incremental from the short term, through the middle term to the long term. Pragmatically so.

(xv)

The Future: Altruistic Ethical Socio-Political Economy which is socially integrative holistic developmental.

Pakistan Today: (8) It is so far a far cry from the above Islami Ideals, even though constitutionally it is designated as “The Islamic Republic of Pakistan”. The reason for that is historically cumulative and expansionist. Almost right from its start, 1948 onwards, it got trapped in Western Capitalistic Trade, Aid and Taxation Conditionalities. Resultantly, its Economic, Monetary, Fiscal and Taxation Planning, Policy and Practice are tied and tethered to the IMF-WB-ADB-WTO dikta. Taxation is multiple and regressive. Tax evasion is excessively endless. Inflation, unemployment, price hikes, taxes, poverty, illiteracy, population, disease and death are ever escalating. Energy crises are endemic.

War, terrorism and faltering-faulty law and order are worsening the situation. The net result is that the rich are literally getting richer, and the poor, poorer. Which makes the whole scenario explosively exploitative. Is Revolution the right word for it?.....

Conclusion: Prof. Joseph Camillari of Australia asks anxiously: “Is A Vulnerable World Teetering On the Edge of A New Dark Age?” (9) --- because of the New Cold War mindset of the USA and Europe?.....

Harry Kerr in the same source examines the issue theologically. (10).

If so: what is the way out? --- for the World, the Muslim World, and for Pakistan particularly.

For the World: The Global Peace Movement needs to net-work with each and every one of its counterparts in every country of the globe, not only to activate themselves for Peace, but also for a New Just Order as inspired by Henry George, E.M. Schumacher, Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell, G.K. Galbraith, Gunnar Myrdal, Willy Brandt, and many others. The proposed New Just Order should target, ideally, if not minimally, Global: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) xiv) xv)

True Sovereign Freedom.

Genuine Justice.

Authentic Equality --- not just equity.

Sincere Altruism for General Human Welfare.

Basic Needs and Human Rights.

FPAEP: Futuristic Poverty Alleviation, Elimination and Prevention.

Full Employment --- hundred percent.

Education --- not just literacy.

Housing For Every Family.

Health Cover For All. Unemployment Security.

Care For Senior Citizens.

Elimination of War and Terrorism.

End of Imperialism and Colonialism.

Perpetual Peace --- above all.

For The Muslim World: In addition to the ideal action suggested above at the global level, the Muslim World needs to pursue persistently and consistently, the Islami 4 Rs against the hegemonism of International Imperialism, Colonialism and Capitalism, and their Indigenous counterparts. The 4Rs are: Resistence, Renewal, Revivalism and Renaissance.

In practical life, the Islami 4Rs mean actually implementing Islam, integratively and holistically as a reality. It is high time for Pakistan and the rest of the Muslim World to adopt, adapt and implement the Islami Paradigm of the Political Economy.

For Pakistan: It is well in a position to initiate action on the Islami 4 Rs, in addition to the pursuit of the suggested 15 Ideal Objectives of the proposed New World Order. In fact, a beginning has already been made after the 16 th December, 2014 Peshawar Army Public School national traumatic tragedy, which has reunited the nation as one single soul and spirit against the Satanic curse of Terrorism. May God guide and help us!

Amin! Suma amin!

( Futurist: Dr. IKRAM AZAM (`ndc’) ) Co-Founder; Hony. Co-Chairperson and Donor, The PFI & MVs. Dated:- 20th Jan., 2015.

References: 1. ….. (i) 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Edited and abridged by Bob Drake for modern readers. Robert Schalkenback Foundation, New York, USA; 2006. (ii) Henry George. The Science of Political Economy. RSF; 1992.

Ikram Azam. International Political Economy: Globalization and Altruistic Ethical Economics. The PFI and MVs; 2010.

Op. cit; pp. 304-5-10.

Ibid; p. (xii).

E-mails dated 10th and 13th December, 2014, on his Research Proposal: (i) Land, Value Money; and (ii) The Physicality of Monetary Agency.

The Gutunbery Press, Berkeley, CA, USA; 2007.

Econ Journal Watch, Vol. 2, No. 1, April 2005; pp. 106-132.

Pakistan Budget 2014-15. Tariq Mian Ramzan Arshad & Co., Cost and Management Accountants, Islamabad; 2014.

Disarming Times, Pax Christi, Australia; Vol. 39, No. 4; December; 2014.

Ibid.

Selection Bibliography: Part 1: Western Sources:

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

E.F. Schumacher: i) Small Is Beautiful. Vintage Books, London; 1993. ii) A Guide For the Perplexed. Abacus, London; 1978.

Alvin Toffler. The Eco-Spasm Report. Bantam; 1975.

Alvin and Heidi Toffler: Creating a New Civilization. Turner Publishing, Inc.; Atlanta, USA; 1995.

John R. Hoyle. Leadership and Futuring: Making Visions Happen. Corwin Press, Inc; CA, USA; 1995.

J.D. Derbyshire and I. Derbyshire. World Political Systems. Chambers, UK, USA, Canada; 1993.

S.D. Tansey. Politics: The Basics. Routledge; 2003.

David Beetham. Democracy. Oneworld, Oxford, UK; 2006.

David Thomson. Political Ideas. Penguin; 1996.

Stephen L. Albert. Peopleism. Peoplism Publications, USA; 1986.

Peter Joyce. Politics. Teach Yourself Books, UK; 1996.

G.W. Southgate. An Introduction To World History. J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London, UK; 1972.

Gunnar Myrdal. Asian Drama. Pelican / Penguin; 1971.

Arnold J. Toynbee: i) Mankind And Mother Earth. Paladin; 1978. ii) A Study of History. Thames & Hudson, UK; 1995. iii) Civilization On Trial. OUP; 1957.

Will and Ariel Durant. The Lessons of History. Simon & Schuster, NY; 1968.

B.H. Liddell Hart. Why Don’t We Learn From History? George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London; 1946.

Paul Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of Great Powers. Hyman; 1990.

Hillel Schwartz. Century’s End. Doubleday; 1990.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Basic Facts About the United Nations. The UN, NY; 1998.

Oriana Fallaci. Interview With History. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, USA; 1976.

Joan Robinson. Economic Philosophy. Penguin; 1964.

Amrita Narlikar. The World Trade Organization. OUP; 2005.

John Pinder. The European Union. OUP; 2007.

James Fulcher. Capitalism. OUP; 2005.

Michael Newman. Socialism. OUP; 2007.

Steven Grosby. Nationalism. OUP; 2005.

Bernard Crich. Democracy. OUP; 2005.

Charles Townshend. Terrorism. OUP; 2005.

Chris Gosden. Prehistory. OUP; 2005.

Kenneth Minogue. Politics. OUP; 2005.

Stephen Howe. Empire. OUP; 2005.

Robert J.C. Young. Post-Colonialism. OUP; 2005.

Margaret Walters. Feminism. OUP; 2007.

Kevin Passmore. Fascism. OUP; 2005.

Kevin Danaher. Ten Reasons To Abolish The IMF and World Bank (WB). Seven Stories Press, New York; 2001.

Lori Wallach and Michelle Sforza. The WTO: Five Years of Reasons to Resist Corporate Globalization. Seven Stories Press, New York, USA; 1999.

Daniel R. Fusfeld. The Age of the Economist. Ferozsons (Pvt.) Ltd., Pakistan; 1988.

George Lichtheim. Imperialism. Penguin / Pelican; 1971.

Ioana Davies. Social Mobility and Political Change. Macmillan; 1970.

T.B. Bottomore. Elites and Society. Penguin; 1977.

Robert Greene. 48 Laws of Power. Viva, India; 2004.

Dudley Knowles. Political Philosophy. Routledge; 2004.

Janna Thompson. Justice And World Order. Routledge; 1992.

Gilbert Rist. The History of Development. Zed Books; 1997.

Robley E. George. SocioEconomic Democracy. Fraeger; 2002.

W. Kidd, K. Legg & P. Harari. Politics and Power. Palgrave. Macmillan; 2010.

O. Canuto & D.M. Leipziger (Ed). Ascent After Descent. The World Bank; 2012.

Marc Levinson. Beyond Free Markets. NBF, Pakistan; 1989.

Thomas F. O’Dea. The Sociology of Religion. Prentice. Hall; 1996.

Joseph H. Monane. A Sociology of Human Systems. Appleton – Centu8ry – Crofts, New York, USA; 1967.

Keith Tester. Civil Society. Routledge; 1992.

Bertrand Russell. Has Man A Future? Penguin Special; 1967.

Bertrand Russell. Power. Unwin Books, UK; 1995.

Otto Nathan and Heinz Norden (Ed). Einstein On Peace. Schocken Books, New York, USA; 1968.

Willy Brandt. Arms And Hunger. The MIT Press, USA; 1987.

Noam Chomsky. Power And Terror. Vanguard, Pakistan; 2004.

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. War And The American Presidency. W.W. Norton & Co., New York, London; 2004.

Jeffrey Robinson. The Laundrymen. Simon & Schuster; 1994.

David C. Korten. The Post-Corporate World. Taha, Karachi; 1999.

Michael Rowbotham. The Grip of Death: Modern Money, Debt Slavery, and Destructive Economics. Jan Carpenter, UK; 1999.

Giahn Tomlison. Honest Money: A Challenge To Banking.

• • • • • • • •

•

Debt: A Crisis For Development. The UN; 1990.

L.E. Grinin, T.C. Devezas & A.V. Korotayev. Kondratieff Waves. `Uuchitel’, Publishing House, Volvograd, Russia; 2012.

Margrit Kennedy. Interest and Inflation Free Money. New Society Publishers, USA; 1995.

Joel-Kurtzman. The Death Of Money. Little, Brown & Co; 1993.

Richard Peet. Unholy Trinity: The IMF, World Band and WTO. Zed Books; 2003.

Gabriel Kolko. Another Century of War? The New Press, New York; 2002.

Damien Millet and Eric Toussaint. Who Owes Who?: World Debt. Zed Books; 2004.

G.K. Galbraith: i) American Capitalism. Pelican; 1963. ii) The Affluent Society. Penguin; 1975. iii) Economics and the Public Purpose. Penguin; 1975. iv) Money. Pelican; 1976. v) The Galbraith Reader. Bantam; 1975.

Robert L. Heilbroner: i) The Human Prospect. Caldard Boyars, London, UK; 1975. ii) The Worldly Philosophers: The Great Economic Thinkers. Touchstone: Simon & Schuster, Inc; New York; 1989. iii) 21st Century Capitalism. W.W. Norton & Co; New York, London; 1993.

Part 2: A Few Islami-Pakistani Sources: A Sample:

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

HRH Crown Prince Hassan bin Talal. A Study On Jerusalem. Longman, London and New York; 1979.

Prof. John Esposito and Prof. Ibrahim Kalin (Chief Ed.). The 500 Most Influential Muslims.

The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Amman, Jordon; 2009.

Zafar Ishaq Ansari and John L. Esposito (Ed). Muslims And The West: Encounter and Dialogue. IRI, IIUI; 2002.

Dr. Miss K.F. Yusuf (Ed.). Unipolar World and the Muslim States. Pakistan Forum, Islamabad; 2004.

Tariq Ali. The Clash Of Fundamentalisms. Verso; 2003.

Abdul Hameed Siddiqui. A Philosophical Interpretation of History. Idara Nashriyat-I-Islam, Lahore; 1969.

Mazheruddin Siddiqi. The Quranic Concept of History. Islamic Research Inst., Islamabad; 1993.

Tahir Kamran. The Idea of History Through Ages. Progressive Publishers, Lahore; 1993.

Mubarak Ali. In the Shadow of History. Progressive Publishers, Lahore; 1993.

Turgut Ozal. Turkey In Europe and Europe in Turkey. K. Rustem & Brothers, Nicosia, Northern Cypress; 1991.

Altaf Gauhar (Ed). Talking About Development. Third World Foundation, London, UK; 1993.

Dr. Saiyyad M.S. Moini. Environmental Law. Ibrahim Publishers, Lahore; 1995.

Eng. Akhtar K. Bhatti and Dr. Gul-e-Jannat. The Holy Quran On Environment. Royal Book Co; Karachi; 1995.

Dr. Saeedullah Qazi. Environment and Islam. Da’wah Academy, IIU, Islamabad; 1998.

Masroor Mohsin Gilani. Futurescope: Environmentalism and Sustainability. The NBF, Pakistan; 1992.

Tariq Majeed. The Glogal Game For A New World Order. Nadeem Book House, Lahore; 1995.

Dr. Mahbub Ul Haq: i) Reflections On Human Development. OUP; 1995. ii) National Agenda. Islamabad; 1993.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

A.R. Hamidi. Islamic Banking. IPS: Inst. of Policy Studies, Islamabad; 1992.

Prof. Khurshid Ahmad: i) Islamic Approach To Development. IPS; 1994. ii) The Contemporary Economic Challenges and Islam. IPS; 2002.

Dr. Arshad Zaman. National Security and Development Strategy. IIIT, Islamabad; 1990.

Nasim Shah Shirazi. System of Zakat In Pakistan. IIIE, IIU, Islamabad; 1996.

Dr. Syed Salahuddin Ahmad. The Politics of International Economic Relations. CBS, Karachi; 1997.

M.A. Mannan & Mehboob Ahmad (Ed). Economic Development In An Islamic Framework.

IIIE, IIUI; 1996.

S.A. Mirza. Privatization In Pakistan. Ferozsons (Pvt.) Ltd., Pakistan; 1995.

Abo-Ul-Hassan. Agricultural Tax. Kazi Publications, Lahore; 1994.

S. Mudassar Noor. A Concise History of Political Thought. Idara-I-Farogh-I-Taleem, Peshawar; 1990.

M. Sadiq Ali. Non-Alignment. Ministry of Information, Iraq; 1976.

Engineer Col. Mumtaz Hussain. Environmental Degradation: Realities and Remedies.

Ferozsons (Pvt.) Ltd., Pakistan; 1998.

Dr. Syed Zakir Naik. The Quran and Modern Science. Darussalam, Saudi Arabia; 2007.

Green Economics. (By: Several authors). SDPI, Islamabad; 1997.

Nauman Naqvi (Ed). Rethinking Development. SDPI; 1996.

S.M. Haider. Administrative Reforms and Administrative Justice. Pakistan Law Times Publications, Lahore; 1973.

Dr. Sabur Ghayur. Human Resource Development and Utilization In Pakistan. The FES, Islamabad; 1997.

Nature, Power, People: Citizen’s Report on Sustainable Development. SDPI; 1995.

Tariq J. Banuri et al. Just Development. OUP; 1997.

Dr. Akmal Hussain. Poverty Alleviation In Pakistan. Vanguard, Pakistan; 1994.

Tasneem Ahmed Siddiqui. Development Issues: Innovations and Sucesses. Fiction House, Lahore; 1996.

Dr. Mahanz Fatima.

Business Problems In Pakistan: Management of External Environmental Factors. Inst. of Business Admin; Karachi; 1996.

Dr. M. Arif. Economics of Growth and Basic Needs In Pakistan. Progressive Publishers, Lahore; 1979.

Hameed Akhtar Niazi (Ed). Building Global Human Securities. FES; Islamabad; 1994.

Dr. Safdar Mahmood et al. Sustainable Development: Pakistan. PASC and FES; M.A. Chaudhary and Abdul Hamid. Human Resource Development and Management In Pakistan. Ferozsons (Pvt.) Ltd., Pakistan; 1999.

F.H. Syed (Ed). Fundamental Economic Rights. FRIENDS, Pakistan; 1995.

M.M. Nazir and S. Z. Al-Jalaly. An Evaluation of Environmental Policy and Programmes In Pakistan. FES; 1990.

Part 3: Some PFI Publications:

• • •

Prof. Dr. Jim Dator. The 21st Century International / American Imperialism and the PFI. (2011).

Prof. Robley E. George. Introducing A SocioEconomic Democracy. (2011).

Prof. Stephen I. Ternyik. The New Ethical Economics Paradigm. (2012).

By: Dr. Ikram Azam:

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

International Political Economy: Globalization and Altruistic Ethical Economics. (2010).

Global Peace: The Geosociological Imperative and the Imperial Hubris. (Co-Publisher: IKIU: Iran, Dept. of Futures Studies; 2013).

Futuring “Farda”: Introducing Futuristics. (Ibid; 2013).

Geogosicology and the Future. (2004).

Some Significant 21st Century Trends And Issues: Poverty, Population, Peace and Sustainability. (1998).

Creating the Future. (2001).

Securing the Future: Now! (2007).

Pakistan and Islamic Economics. Amir Publication, Lahore; 1978.

Social Change To 21st Century Pakistan. Manza Printing Corp., Islamabad; (1992).

Pakistan Futuristics. 1987.

Pakistan: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Student Services, Lahore; (1976).

An Ideological Bureaucracy For Pakistan. (1986).

Greening Balochistan For the 21st Century Pakistan. (1997).

Pakistan and the Asian Collective Security System. Matbooat-e-Hurmet, Rawalpindi; 1983.

Pakistan: 2000 A.D. (1990).

Pakistan’s Geopolitical and Strategic Compulsions. Progressive Publishers, Lahore; (1980).

Global Human Futures: Geopolitics, Political Geography and Pakistan.

Publishers, Lahore; (1992).

Pakistan And the 21st Century New Human(e) Order. The PFI; (1994).

Pakistan’s Strategy For Survival. London Book Co., Rawalpindi; (1982).

Pak. Geopolitics: 2050 AD. The NBF, Pakistan; (1992).

Pakistan’s Security and National Integration. Sung-e-Meel, Lahore; (1986).

Pakistan and the Future. The PFI; (2004).

Islam and the Future. The PFI; (2003).

Pakistan: Reflections. Margalla Voices; (1987).

UP: Under Preparation / Publication:

• • • • • • • •

My Vision of the 21st Century Future.

Bridges of Peace Through Friendship.

Islam, Peace and the “Humzaad:” Twin-Souls.

Experiencing Allah In His Creativity.

Paradigms Of A Peaceful Future.

The Islami Paradigm of History and Social Change.

Creativity and Dreams: Life, Peace and the Future.

Creativity, Life, Peace and the Future.

Progressive