Construction Estimating Using Excel 3rd Edition Peterson
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ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. The following figures are used for the test questions for this chapter:
1) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct a 75-foot-long by 20-inch-wide by 10-inchthick continuous footing? Include 8% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments.
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following
equation: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (75 ft)[(20 in)(1 ft/12 in)][(10 in)(1 ft/12 in)](1 yd3/27 ft3) = 3.85 yd3
Add 8% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (3 85 yd3)(1 + 8/100) = 4.17 yd3
Order 4.25 yd3
2) How many lineal feet of forms are required to construct a 75-foot-long by 20-inch-wide by 10-inchthick continuous footing?
Answer: The length of the forms is calculated as follows:
Length = 75 ft + (20 in)(1 ft/12 in) + 75 ft + (20 in)(1 ft/12 in) = 154 ft
3) A 75-foot-long by 20-inch-wide by 10-inch-thick continuous footing has two #4 continuous bars. The rebar is lapped 18 inches. Determine the number of 20-foot-long bars that needs to be ordered for the footing.
Answer: One hundred and fifty lineal feet of #4 rebar are needed for the footing. The number of 20-foot-long bars is calculated using Eq (4-6) as follows:
Number = (150 ft)/(20 ft 1.5 ft) = 9 each
4) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct a 75-foot-long by 3-foot-wide by 18-inchthick continuous footing? Include 7% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments.
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following
equation: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (75 ft)(3 ft)[(18 in)(1 ft/12 in)](1 yd3/27 ft3) = 12.5 yd3
Add 10% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (12.5 yd3)(1 + 7/100) = 13.38 yd3
Order 13.5 yd3
5) How many square feet of forms are required to construct a 75-foot-long by 3-foot-wide by 18-inchthick continuous footing? The concrete foreperson plans on using 2-foot by 4-foot foundation forms
Answer: The length of the forms is calculated as
follows: Length = 75 ft + 3 ft + 75 ft + 3 ft = 156 ft
The forms will need to be two feet high. The area of forms is calculated as follows: Area = (156 ft)(2 ft) = 312 ft2
6) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct 24 each 48-inch by 48-inch by 21-inchthick spread footings? Include 10% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments.
Answer: The footings are 4 feet by 4 feet Find the volume of concrete using the following equation: Volume = (Number of Footings)(Width 1)(Width 2)(Thickness)
Volume = (24 ea)(4 ft)(4 ft)[(21 in)(1 ft/12 in)](1 yd3/27 ft3) = 24.9 yd3
Add 10% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (24.9 yd3)(1 + 10/100) = 27.4 yd3
Order 27.5 yd3
7) How many square feet of forms are required to construct 24 each 48-inch by 48-inch by 21-inch-thick spread footings? Use 2-foot high forms.
Answer: The length of the forms is calculated as follows:
Length = (24 ea)(4 ft + 4 ft + 4 ft + 4 ft) = 384 ft
The forms will need to be two feet high. The area of forms is calculated as
follows: Area = (384 ft)(2 ft) = 768 ft2
8) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct a 120-foot-long by 10-foot-high by 8-inchthick concrete wall? Include 5% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following
equation: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (120 ft)[(8 in)(1 ft/12 in)](10 ft)(1 yd3/27 ft3) = 29.6 yd3
Add 5% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (29.6 yd3)(1 + 5/100) = 31.08 yd3
Order 31 yd3
9) How many square feet of forms are required to construct a 120-foot-long by 10-foot-high by 8-inchthick concrete wall?
Answer: The length of the forms is calculated as follows:
Length = 120 ft + (8 in)(1 ft/12 in) + 120 ft + (8 in)(1 ft/12 in) = 241.3 ft
The forms will need to be ten feet high. The area of the forms is calculated as follows: Area = (241.3 ft)(10 ft) = 2,413 ft2
10) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct 25 each 18-inch by 18-inch by 4-foothigh concrete columns? Include 5% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments.
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following equation:
Volume = (Number of Columns)(Width 1)(Width
2)(Length)
Volume = (25 ea)[(18 in)(1 ft/12 in)][(18 in)(1 ft/12 in)](4 ft)(1 yd3/27
ft3) Volume = 8.33 yd3
Add 5% for waste using Eq. (4-20):
11) How many square feet of forms are required to construct 25 each 18-inch by 18-inch by 4-foot-high concrete columns?
Answer: The area of the forms is calculated using the following equation:
Area = (Number of Columns)(Width 1 + Width 2 + Width 1 + Width
2)(Height) Area = (25 columns)(18 in + 18 in + 18 in + 18 in)(1 ft/12 in)(4 ft) =
600 ft2
12) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct 31 each 18-inch-diameter, 8-foot-high concrete columns? Include 5% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following equation:
Volume = (Number of Columns)(π)(Diameter/2)2(Height)
Volume = (31 ea)(π)[(18 in)(1 ft/12 in)/2]2(8 ft)(1 yd3/27 ft3) = 16.23 yd3
Add 5% for waste using Eq. (4-20):
Volume = (16.23 yd3)(1 + 5/100) = 17.04 yd3
Order 17 yd3
13) How many cubic yards of concrete are needed to construct the continuous footings shown in Figures 1 and 2? Include 10% waste.
Answer: The footing lengths are as shown in Figure below:
Length = 119 ft 4 in
Find the volume of concrete using the following equation: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (119.34 ft)[(30 in)(1 ft/12 in)][(12 in)(1 ft/12 in)](1 yd3/27
ft3) Volume = 11.05 yd3
Add 10% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (11.05 yd3)(1 + 10/100) = 12.2 yd3
14) How many lineal feet of forms are needed to construct the continuous footings shown in Figures 1 and 2?
Answer: The form lengths are shown in Figure below:
The length of forms is as follows: Length =
Length = 238 ft 8 in
15) Determine the rebar that needs to be ordered to construct the continuous footings shown in Figures 3-1 and 3-2? The rebar is to be lapped 18 inches
Answer: From Problem 13, the length of the footing is 119 ft 4 in Four bars are needed for a total length of 478 lineal feet (4 × 119 ft 4 in). The number of 20-foot-long bars is calculated using Eq. (4-6) as follows:
16) How many cubic yards of concrete are needed to construct the spread footings shown in Figures 1 and 3? Include 10% waste.
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following equation:
Volume = (Number of Footings)(Width 1)(Width 2)(Thickness)
Volume = (3 ea)[(24 in)(1 ft/12 in)][(24 in)(1 ft/12 in)][(10 in)(1 ft/12
in)] Volume = (10 ft3)(1 yd3/27 ft3) = 0.37 yd3
Add 10% for waste using Eq. (4-20):
Volume = (0.37 yd3)(1 + 10/100) = 0.41 yd3
17) How many lineal feet of forms are needed to construct the spread footings shown in Figures 1 and 3?
Answer: The length of the forms is calculated as
follows: Length = (3 ea)(2 ft + 2 ft + 2 ft + 2 ft) = 24 ft
18) Determine the rebar that needs to be ordered to construct the spread footings shown in Figures 1 and 3? Provide three inches of cover in the footing and two inches of cover in the column.
Answer: Twenty-four 18-inch-long #4 bars and 12 L-shaped dowels are needed for the footings. The Lshaped dowels are 5 inches (6 in - 3 in + 2 in) on the short leg and 35 inches (30 in - 2 in + 10 in - 3 in) on the long leg.
19) How many cubic yards of concrete are needed to construct the wall shown in Figures 1 and 2? Add 5% waste.
Answer: The wall lengths are as shown in Figure below:
Length = 16 ft + 9 ft 4 in + 20 ft 8 in + 13 ft 8 in + 36 ft + 23 ft 8 in = 119 ft 4 in Find the volume of concrete using the following equation: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (119.33 ft)[(8 in)(1 ft/12 in)](10 ft)(1 yd3/27 ft3) = 29.5 yd3
Add 5% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (29.5 yd3)(1 + 5/100) = 31.0 yd3
20) How many square feet of forms are needed to construct the wall shown in Figures 1 and 2?
Answer: The form lengths are shown in Figure below:
Length = 25 ft + 16 ft + 10 ft + 20 ft + 15 ft + 36 ft + 23 ft 8 in + 14 ft 8 in + 10 ft + 20 ft + 13 ft 8 in + 34 ft 8 in
Length = 238 ft 8 in
The forms will need to be ten feet high. The area of forms is calculated as
follows: Area = (238.67 ft)(10 ft) = 2,387 ft2
21) Determine the rebar that needs to be ordered to construct the wall shown in Figures 1 and 2? The rebar is to be lapped 18 inches and 2 inches of cover is required
Answer: From Problem 19, the length of the wall is 119 ft 4 in. The vertical bars are 9 feet 10 inches long. The number of bars is calculated using the following equation:
Number = Distance/Spacing + (6)(1) = (119.33 ft)/(1 ft) + 6 = 126 each
One vertical bar is added for each wall to account for the end condition The number of continuous bar needed to have one bar every twelve inches is calculated using Eq. (4-1) as follows
Number = (10 ft)/(1 ft) + 1 = 11 each
Because the top and bottom bars are doubled, two additional bars need to be added to the number of bars needed to have one bar every twelve inches The number of continuous bars is thirteen (11 ea + 2 ea). The length of the continuous bars is 119.33 feet for a total length of 1,552 feet The number of 20foot-long bars is calculated using Eq (4-6) as follows:
Number = (1,552 ft)/(20 ft 1.5 ft) = 84 each
22) How many cubic yards of concrete are needed to construct the columns shown in Figures 1 and 3? Add 5% waste.
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following equation:
Volume = (Number of Columns)(Width 1)(Width
2)(Length) Volume = (3 ea)(1 ft)(1 ft)(2.5 ft)(1 yd3/27 ft3) = 0.278 yd3
Add 5% for waste using Eq. (4-20):
Volume = (0.278 yd3)(1 + 5/100) = 0.29 yd3
23) How many square feet of forms are needed to construct the columns shown in Figures 1 and 3?
Answer: The forms will need to be four feet high. The area of forms is calculated using the following
equation: Area = (Number of Columns)(Width 1 + Width 2 + Width 1 + Width 2)(Height)
Area = (3 columns)(1 ft + 1 ft + 1 ft + 1 ft)(4 ft) = 48 ft2
24) Determine the rebar that needs to be ordered to construct the columns shown in Figures 1 and 3? Two inches of cover is required on the ties.
Answer: Ten ties are needed for each column for a total of 20 ties. The ties are located at the following distances from the bottom: 2 inches, 5 inches, 8 inches, 11 inches, 14 inches, 17 inches, 20 inches, 23 inches, 26 inches, and 28 inches. The ties are 8 inches (12 in - 2 in - 2 in) square. Three PB44 column bases are needed for the columns.
25) How many cubic yards of concrete are required to construct a 100-foot by 250-foot by 4-inch-thick concrete slab? Include 8% waste. Concrete must be ordered in 1/4-cubic-yard increments.
Answer: Find the volume of concrete using the following equation: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (100 ft)(250 ft)[(4 in)(1 ft/12 in)](1 yd3/27 ft3) = 308.64 yd3
Add 8% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (308.64 yd3)(1 + 8/100) = 333.4 yd3
Order 333.5 yd3
26) Determine the length of forms needed to construct a 100-foot by 250-foot by 4-inch-thick concrete slab.
Answer: The length of the forms is calculated as follows:
Length = (2)(Length of Side1) + (2)(Length of Side2) = (2)(100 ft) + (2)(250
ft) Length = 700 ft
27) A 100-foot by 250-foot by 4-inch-thick concrete slab is reinforced with #4 rebar at 16 inches on center. The rebar is lapped 18 inches. Determine the number of 20-foot-long bars needed to reinforce the slab.
Answer: The number of 100-foot-long bars is calculated using Eq (4-1) as
follows: Number = (250 ft)(12 in/ft)/(16 in) + 1 = 189 bars
The number of 250-foot-long bars is calculated using Eq (4-1) as
follows: Number = (100 ft)(12 in/ft)/(16 in) + 1 = 76 bars
The total length of rebar, excluding lapping, is calculated as
follows: Length = (189 bars)(100 ft/bar) + (76 bars)(250 ft/bar)
= 37,900 ft
The number of 20-foot-long bars is calculated using Eq. (4-6) as
follows: Number = (37,900 ft)/(20 ft 1.5 ft) = 2,049 each
28) A 100-foot by 250-foot by 4-inch-thick concrete slab is reinforced with wire mesh, which is lapped eight inches Determine the number of 5-foot by 150-foot rolls of wire mesh needed to reinforce the slab.
Answer: Run the rolls the short direction in the slab. Using the row and column method, determine the number or rows of wire mesh needed to cover the 250 foot width of the slab using Eq. (4-12) as follows:
NumberRows = (250 ft)/(5 ft 0.667 ft) = 58 rows
The number of columns is calculated using Eq. (4-15) as follows: NumberColumns = (100 ft)/(150 ft 0.667 ft) = 0.67 rows
The number of rolls is calculated using Eq. (4-18) as follows: Number = (58 rows)(0.67 columns) = 39 rolls
29) A 100-foot by 75-foot by 3-inch thick slab is poured over the metal deck shown in Figure 4. The depth of the slab is measured from the top of the slab to the top of the metal deck. Determine the average thickness of the slab and the number of yards of concrete needed to pour the slab. Include 12% waste.
Answer: The average thickness is determined using Eq (5-1) as follows:
TAve = 3 in + (4 in + 2 in)(1 in)/(2 × 6 in) = 3.5 in
The volume of concrete is calculated as follows: Volume = (Length)(Width)(Thickness)
Volume = (100 ft)(75 ft)(3.5 in)(1 ft/12 in)(1 yd3/27 ft3) = 81.02 yd3
Add 12% for waste using Eq (4-20):
Volume = (81.02 yd3)(1 + 12/100) = 90.74 yd3
Order 90.75 yd3
30) Excel Quick Tip 5-1: Spot Footing
Determine the volume of concrete and square feet of forms to complete 35 each 2-foot-4-inch-wide by 3-foot-4-inch-long by 14-inch-thick footings The forms should be ordered in two-foot-high increments. Include 8% for waste.
31) Excel Quick Tip 5-2: Rectangular Column
Determine the volume of concrete and square feet of forms to complete 14 each 18-inch by 24-inch concrete columns The column are 16 feet high. Include 6% for waste.
32) Excel Quick Tip 5-3: Round Column
Determine the volume of concrete to complete 17 each 18-inch-diameter columns. The column are 12 feet high. Include 4% for waste.
Determine the volume of concrete to complete 104 feet 8 inches of 32-inch-wide by 14-inch-high continuous footing. Include 9% for waste.
Determine the volume of concrete and square feet of forms to complete 177 feet 4 inches of 10-inch-thick by 12-foot-high foundation wall Include 7% for waste.
Determine the volume of concrete required, the number of bars of rebar, and the area to be finished for a 64-foot by 82-foot slab on grade. The slab is 6 inches thick and is reinforced with #4 rebar at 16 inches on center both ways. The rebar comes in 40 lengths and is to be lapped 30 bar diameters. Include 14% for concrete waste.
36) Excel Quick Tip 5-7: Welded Wire Fabric Reinforced Slab on Grade
Determine the volume of concrete required, the number of sheets of welded wire fabric, and the area to be
finished for a 128-foot by 97-foot slab on grade. The slab is 5 inches thick The welded wire fabric comes in 12-foot by 20-foot sheets and must be lapped 8 inches at the edges Include 11% for concrete waste. Run the sheets in the most economical direction
37) Excel Quick Tip 5-8: Concrete Slab on Metal Deck
Determine the amount of concrete needed to construct an 81-foot by 76-foot raised slab. The slab is poured over the metal deck shown in the figure below and is 3.5 inches thick (measured from the highest point of the metal deck). Include 7% for waste.
