Architectural Engineering

7QX3M0 ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING: PRODUCTION & PARTS ASSIGNMENT 2018/2019 SEMESTER 1, BLOCK 2

PREPARED BY: MALLIKA JAYARAMAN, 1350587 SZYMON MACHALA, 1349465 GIORGIA PORTOLAN, 1384007 LIUCIJA SIMKUNAITE, 20181721

THE BUILDING - WATERDOG ARCHITECTS - GREGORY NIJS, KLAARCHITECTUUR LOCATION - SINT-TRUIDEN, BELGIUM AREA - 300 m2 PROJECT YEAR - 2016 The building we have been analyzing is situated in the centre of Sint-Truiden, Belgium.

It has a rather long history – it was built in the 16th century. Due to the original oak-wood roof construction and archway with corner stones the building is presumed to have been a barn. Afterwards it was re-built into a chapel. Vaulted ceilings above the choir, decorative columns, arched windows, fresco drawings are remains from those days. In the 20th century the chapel was converted into an arts academy, then became a court and, finally, rehearsal place for drama club.

The last 50 years before the reconstruction the chapel has not been occupied. The building is listed as a historical monument. This means that architects had to meet several criteria. For example, the historical character of the building had to be kept intact.

Thus, the building has a long history of hosting other than religious functions. However, the chapel was left abandoned and “Klaarchitectuur” architects felt like its unique atmosphere would suit their office. Therefore, it has been decided to transform it into a workplace where past, present and future would meet.

PART A 1. DESIGN - CONCEPT The architects felt the need to preserve as much of the unique character that the chapel had as possible. Thus, the building remained untouched, despite it being affected by the ravages of time. It was decided to design a new construction that would contrast with the existing one.

Another important thing was to reopen the historical monument to the public. For so many years a chapel was very important for the community so the architects felt the need to give it back to the city. By stacking boxes on top of each other independent units have been created which made it possible to have both public and private functions at the same time.

The movement in the renovated building is designed as a spiral wrapping around the boxes. Visitors are taking a walk exploring the structure where a few separate office spaces, terraces meet. The inside of the chapel acts as the outside for the office boxes, being non-insulated.

OLD STRUCTURE

NEW STRUCTURE

On the ground floor public area as well as bathrooms, storage room are situated. There is also a shower that makes it possible to reorganize the place for an overnight stay. First and second floors host office function and private terraces. Third floor is designated for a meeting space. It extends

through the roof. This way the intervention becomes visible from the outside. Moreover, more daylight and views of the city are being achieved.

It was very important for the architects to achieve a high quality working environment. They descibe their own office as a ‘spiritual experience’ and are proud of the dynamism they have achieved.

2. BUILDING STRUCTURE Stacked boxes form a stand-alone construction. They are not attached to the walls or roof of the chapel. The only way this stacking technique could have been achieved is by having double flooring. This means that boxes are actually stacked on top of each other, they are not intersecting.

Building structure is executed in white plasterboard to achieve a sculptural look. .

3. CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM The structure of the existing chapel building was intact. Although they were cracks and minor issues but it has been repaired and the spread of the damage has been avoided. Original oak roof structure has been preserved too. However, lacquered steel was used to strengthen them. The architecture language used keeps the new and the old easily distinguishable.

Roof was fully replaced as it was too damaged to be kept.

A foundation of titanium micropoles was used to hold the new construction. They are 40 feet deep into the ground.

In order to achieve a stacked box structure that is separate from the existing building steel structure was chosen. Also, all the building parts had to be small enough to be able to be brought through the main doors so that influenced design decisions.

Even the floors of the stacked boxes are made from folded steel plates, with OSB and parquet on top. For the insulation rock wool was chosen, it was all wrapped in plasterboard.

Thus, steel structure is completely hidden. Only white plastered walls, forming a sculpture, are visible.

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

4. MATERIAL USE Existing chapel walls remained untouched. Even the original floor tiles were kept. During the renovation there were dismantled in order to install the heating and new foundations. Afterwards all the good tiles were placed back.

Stacked boxes are made out of white plasterboard. That makes them easy to distinguish from the old structure, create a sculpture-like effect.

Stairs that are spiraling around the boxes are contrasting, they are black.

This way the shape of the boxes stands out better.

The staircase leading to the first floor is completely attached to the structure of the white boxes. It is creating an illusion of a freely floating element.

All the stairs are made from lasered plates of steel that is coated in a powder. Stairs can be closed off by a steel door to achieve the privacy. This way two functions can be separated.

The two other stairs are made of two stair flanks in lasered steel, with one placed higher than the other so it serves as a railing at the same time.

Steps are manufactured from dubble powdercoated folded steel.

In the former choir of the chapel there is a kitchen island. It is designed out of MDF, sprayed in brass. There is also a cross-shaped tabernacle that adds to the building’s liturgical character.

Brass details are carrying through the whole building. Brass taps were picked for the bathrooms.

SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

CLAY ROOF TILES

PLASTER BOARD

PUBLIC SPACE WITHIN THE BUILDING

CIRCULATION

MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING CHURCH BUILDING EXTENSION ENTRANCES NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS ROADS

SITE PLAN, 1:500

6

1

2

3

4

5

7

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

KITCHEN COMMUNAL SPACE BATHROOM BATHROOM STORAGE BATHROOM (PRIVATE) EL ELEVATOR

GROUND FLOOR PLAN, 1:100

1

2

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 WORKSPACE 2 ELEVATOR

FIRST FLOOR PLAN, 1:100

1

2

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 WORKSPACE 2 TERRACE 3 ELEVATOR SECOND FLOOR PLAN, 1:100

3

2

1

3

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 MEETING ROOM 2 TERRACE 3 ELEVATOR THIRD FLOOR PLAN, 1:100

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW STRUCTURE GLASS SURFACES

SECTION, 1:100

LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW STRUCTURE GLASS SURFACES SECTION, 1:100

LEGEND: NEW ELEMENTS

NORTH ELEVATION, 1:100

LEGEND: NEW ELEMENTS FILLED IN WALLS SOUTH ELEVATION, 1:100

LIFT SHAFT

PRIMARY STEEL STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL SCHEME OF THE BUILDING

THE DETAIL We were interested in analysing extruded box detail. It is the top box in the whole structure that extends through the roof to the inner courtyard.

Conceptually it interested us as it is the biggest change architects decided to make to the outside of the building. Also, it is one of the most important elements regarding the function of the building - it is a meeting room where clients are being invited for the discussions. Thus, it is one of the key elements of the building, it affects the image of the whole company.

Moreover, we got an opportunity to analyze something that connects inside and outside, new structure with the existing walls.

Therefore, we have focused on the details of: 1. How the roof of the extruded box meets the roof of the chapel; .

2. How the wall of the extruded box meets its roof; 3. How the boxes are stacked, walls and other elements are attached inside the builduing.

The analysis of the third detail was taken the furthest, it has been turned into a detail of a circular building and constructed.

The existing detail consists of: 1. Existing roof structure - wooden beam; 2. Steel I beam structure; 3. Z profile beam, steel profile sheet; 4. Supportive structure - OSB board; 5. Existing roof structure – wooden beam; 6. Plaster board; 7. Insulation – rockwool; 8. Glass wall; 9. Floor finishing – parquet; 10. Wall finishing - plaster

DETAIL

DETAIL RENDERING

THIRD FLOOR SCHEME

DETAIL RENDERING

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 DETAIL LAYER RENDERINGS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

240

aluminium glass channel

150

94

50

50 125

50

25

metal studs, plasterboard

beam HEA 240

3

beam HEA 200

4

steel plate

5

200

300

30

10

6

5

37

50

133

180

25

10

200

350

OSB plate

HEA column

steel plate

HEA beam

wall

9

10

8

11

SECTION BB 4

50

metal studs, plasterboard

13

100

HEA column

double OSB plate

36 mm thick

steel plate

6

single OSB plate

18 mm thick

HEA + wooden beam

7

metal stud - UW profile

8

metal stud - CW profile

9

rockwool insulation

45 mm thick

10

plasterboard

125 mm thick

11

aluminium glass channel

12

glass wall

13

parquet

14

old wooden beam

35 50 8

aluminium glass channel

6 mm thick

EXISTING DETAIL, PLAN, 1:5

5

50 10

30

12

14

50 125

102 102

140 180

50 50

240

SECTION AA

2

3

metal studs, plasterboard

LEGEND 1 column HEA 140

7

79

400

2

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1

203

50

25

350

wall

200

HEA steel beam 10

steel plate

180

10

312

OSB plate 5

OSB plate - HEA steel beam 25 25

11

6 12 9

10

102

200

50

10

203

50

25

7

9

6

1

5

8

50

3

60 50

100

92

350

200

axis Z profile steel beams 140

HEA steel beams

10

HEA steel beams - steel plate190 - OSB plates late - OSB plates HEA steel beam 190 - Sylomer l beam - Sylomer

60

45

101

10 94

45

40

1

140

190

190

140

190

4

50

5

45

45 18 12 94

3

190

101 6 12 9 60 40

2

140

190

190

4

50 60

metal studs, plasterboard

30

33

50

10

481 33

25 25

metal studs, plasterboard

200

481

102

OSB plate - HEA steel beam

230

30

230

312

OSB plate

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

10

190

180

190

10

steel plate

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

rockwool insulation - floor build-up rockwool insulation - floor build-up Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet HEA steel beams HEA steel beams

200

HEA steel beam

18 12

350

wall

LEGEND 1 beam HEA 200 2

beam HEA 240

3

Z profile steel beam

4

steel profile sheet

5

rockwool insulation

45 mm thick

6

OSB plate

18 mm thick

7

parquet

12 mm thick

8

Sylomer (elastomer)

9

OSB plate

10

metal stud - UW profile

11

plasterboard

12

glass wall

13

aluminium glass channel

14

old wooden beam

9 mm thick 125 mm thick

EXISTING DETAIL, SECTION AA, 1:5 100 200

92

350

axis Z profile steel beams HEA steel beams

350 240 350

240 240

240 18 18 12

78 18 18 12 350

78 350 350

400 400 350 HEA steel beam - old wooden beam

Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet

3

51

50

140 190

50 5118 12 8 190

45

190

300

300

230

140

230 230

2

50

50

18 12

18 12

rockwool insulation - floor build-up

Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet

HEA steel beams -- floor Sylomer rockwool insulation build-up

HEA steel Z profil steel beams beams - steel profile sheet

HEA steel beams - Sylomer

HEA steel beams

16

50

8

18 12 8

45

90

4560 45

140

230

190

152

50 5 6 51 50 5 6 51 16 152

floor build-up HEA steel beam - old wooden beam

1

30

140

4

50

50

50

100 90

100 60

5

30

180

Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet

EXISTING DETAIL, SECTION BB, 1:5 58 180 58

floor build-up

140

190

140 190

190

190

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1

10

12

7

7 6

4

3 14

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

step build-up step build-up axis Z profile steel beams axis Z profile steel beams HEA steel beam - old wooden beam HEA steel beam - old wooden beam 10 steel plate - L angle profile steel plate - L angle profile aluminium glass channel - step build aluminium glass channel - step build-up

322 322 96 96 16 30 16 3050 50

74 74

200 200

25 25

53 53

72 72 25 25

wall build-up

5

outer wall

floor build-up

9

40

40

340

340 200

125 200

224018 50 50

50 100

10

125 125

5

LEGEND

25

50

2

25

1

45

11

39

12

125

3

16 39 12545 16 125 100

4

7 6

22 18

8

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

10

outer wall

1

beam HEA 200

2

Z profile steel beam

3

steel profile sheet

4

vapour barrier

5

rockwool insulation

6 7

OSB plate parquet

8

metal stud - UW profile

9

plasterboard

10

PIR insulation

11

waterproofing

12

outer metal cladding

EXISTING DETAIL, SECTION THROUGH THE OUTER BOX FLOOR/WALL, 1:5

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 11

1 10

39

12

32

2

10

40

0

3 50

roof boards

5

insulation

6

waterproofing

7

roof laths

8

roof tiles

9

suspended ceiling

10

plasterboard

15

216

216

15

0

341 125 140

135

15

0

150 821

55

50 141

4

27

wooden rafter

54

3

27

folded metal sheet

20

41

2

141

Z profile steel

149

1

20

455

LEGEND

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

0

20

350

350 700

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

EXISTING DETAIL, ROOF SECTION, 1:5

PHOTOGRAPH 1

PHOTOGRAPH 2

1 2

3

PHOTOGRAPH 3 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE DETAIL IN REAL LIFE: EXTRUDED BOX

PHOTOGRAPH 1

PHOTOGRAPH 2

2

3

1

PHOTOGRAPH 3 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE DETAIL IN REAL LIFE: STACKED BOXES AND EXISTING WOODEN BEAM

PART B 1. DESIGN - CONCEPT Some of the architects design intentions turned out to be circular, the use of steel plates in order to strengthen the roof beams, they have also replaced the original floor tiles. However, they have replaced a window and doors into metal profile ones. This could have been done using wood profiles.

Our aim for the redesigning stage was to follow the architect’s approach and keep the heritage chapel untouched, this way the history is preserved for the future generations. The modern part of the building had to go through quite a few changes. Although the concept of the building stayed the same – we followed the idea of white boxes stacked on top of each other – The steel building structure was retained in our intervention, yet the layers of the planes (floors and walls) were replaced with circular elements.

2. BUILDING STRUCTURE The steel beams/columns are retained, they are holding stacked boxes as the structure needs to be very strong and compact to be able to fit into existing chapel. Also, steel beams can be reused.

However, most of the other metal parts have been replaced.

• ‘Z’ profile steel beams that were holding roof and floor structure have been changed into wood ‘I’ beams.

• Steel profile sheets were replaced by wooden counter beams, Instead of metal studs we could use timber studs.

Moreover, in their project architects used plasterboard. Our intervention uses a more sustainable material, namely OSB boards.

Instead of plastering OSB boards with regular cladding materials or chemical plaster we are proposing to use lime plaster. Lime plaster is composed of lime, sand, water. A porous, textural material lets the building breathe.

It helps to stabilize the humidity by absorbing and releasing moisture. It is also very durable and its finish provides aesthetic texture.

Rockwool was changed into straw insulation panels. Straw insulation panels are made of extruded wheat straw surrounded on all sides by recycled paper. They provide good humidity regulation as well as insulate sound. That was very important for a building that is hosting two different – private and public – functions. It is also good for keeping a stable temperature.

They store heat, provide smaller temperature fluctuations during the summer.

3. CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM The original steel structure of the building aims to be retained, as steel is a reusable material and classifies in its circularity.

DIAGRAM OF THE REDESIGNED BUILDING

4. MATERIAL USE Redesigning building we used much more natural materials than it was done before.

Although the metal structure – steel beams – was kept, some of the metal beams, steel profile sheets were changed into wooden alternatives.

Insulation in the whole building has been changed into straw insulation panels.

Instead of plasterboard we have decided to use OSB boards. Originally architects used metal frame to hold the walls together. This has been replaced to wooden frames. Walls are plastered with natural, lime plaster.

Not only metal structural elements but also metal decor details were changed into natural ones. One of the most important accents in the building were steel stairs. It has been decided to replace them to the wooden ones.

THE DETAIL During the investigation of the detail we have realized that architects did not prioritize sustainable, circular materials.

We have came up with a solutions for that by replacing: 1. Z profile steel beam to wood beams; 2. Steel profile sheet to wooden counter beams; 3. Metal studs to timber studs; 4. Plasterboard to OSB boards; 5. Plastering to lime plaster; 6. Rockwool to straw insulation panel.

Some parts of the detail, for example, steel beams were kept. However, they can be reused.

DETAIL RENDERING

1. Existing roof structure - wooden beam

2. Steel I beam structure

3. Z profile beam, steel profile sheet

4. Supportive structure - 5. Existing roof structure - wooden OSB board beam

6. Plaster board

7. Insulation - rockwool

8. Glasswall

9. Floor finishing parquet

10. Wall finishing plaster

ORIGINAL DETAIL LAYERS

1. Existing roof structure - wooden beam

2. Main strcuture - 3. Slab structure - wooden 4. Supporttive structure steel I beams I beams, wooden battens OSB board

5. Wall structure wooden frame

6. Wall - OSB board

7. Insulation - straw insulation panels

8. Glasswall

9. Floor finishing parquet

10. Wall finishing plaster

REDESIGNED DETAIL LAYERS

REDESIGNED DETAIL LAYER RENDERINGS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

35 70 10

7

200

5

180

6

133

5

313

173

3

10

70

70 20

9

22

11

8 10

SECTION BB

11 275

22 35 22 8 30 50

4

153

LEGEND

100 140

100

240

12

22 37

62

2

13

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

10

400

14

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

110

1

1

column HEA 140

2

beam HEA 240

3

beam HEA 200

4

steel plate

5

double OSB plate

36 mm thick

6

single OSB plate

18 mm thick

7

timber stud -base

8

timber stud - frame

9

straw insulation panel

10

OSB plate

11

Pavatex wood fibre

12

glass wall

13

parquet

14

old wooden beam

6 mm thick

45 mm thick 9 mm thick

REDESIGNED DETAIL, PLAN, 1:5

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 339

steel platewall

200 180 308

OSB board 100

OSB board

25

200

70

160

70

21

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

9 11 12

6

26

18 9

27 1612

7

10

32

5

6

190

2

200

1

200

190

13

5

straw insulation panel

45 mm thick

6

OSB plate

18 mm thick

7

parquet

12 mm thick

8

Sylomer (elastomer)

9

OSB plate

10

timber stud

11

Pavatex wood fibre panel

12

lime plaster

13

joist hanger

14

old wooden beam

1

HEA steel beams

229

345

200

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

HEA steel beams - OSB boards

6 mm thick

wooden I-beams HEA steel beam

190

200

190

180

4

508

batten

101

4

57

wooden I-beams

5

25

3

8

48

beam HEA 240

60

2

111

beam HEA 200

33

40

3

1

REDESIGNED DETAIL, SECTION AA, 1:5

24 19

24

floor build-up

wall build-up

LEGEND

10

HEA steel beams

10

steel plate

wooden I-beams

HEA steel beam

10

180

57 200

51

17

152

7

300

25 32 200

60 231

60 231

50 56

30

4 3

40

4

241

200

13 200

225

7

1 3

240

300

1118 181516

300 300

300

300

318

400

LEGEND 1

beam HEA 200

2

beam HEA 240

3

wooden I-beams

4

batten

5

straw insulation panel

45 mm thick

6

OSB plate parquet

18 mm thick 12 mm thick

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

252

5

41

15

13 24 16

24

14

46

27

61

2

7

8

Sylomer (elastomer)

9

OSB plate

10

timber stud

11

Pavatex wood fibre panel

12

lime plaster

13

joist hanger

14

old wooden beam

6 mm thick

REDESIGNED DETAIL, SECTION BB, 1:5

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

60

MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL

MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL

MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL

MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL

PHOTOS OF 1:1 MODEL

PHOTOS OF 1:1 MODEL

RESOURCES 1. Archdaily.com. (2019). Klaarchitectuur | Office | ArchDaily. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/office/klaarchitectuur [Accessed 03 Jan. 2019].

2. Klaarchitectuur.be. (2019). Kapel | Klaarchitectuur. [online] Available at: http://www.klaarchitectuur.be/kapel-klaarchitectuur [Accessed 05 Jan. 2019].

3. Klaarchitectuur.be. (2019). Kapel | Klaarchitectuur. [online] Available at: http://www.klaarchitectuur.be/kapel-klaarchitectuur [Accessed 05 Jan. 2019].

4. Deplazes, A. (1997). Constructing architecture: materiall processes structures: a handbook. Basel: Birkhäuser.

5. Kodu Kuubis. (2019). Retrieved from https://kodukuubis.com/en/ about-straw-panel/ 6. Why Use Lime? - Building Limes Forum. (2019). Retrieved from https:// www.buildinglimesforum.org.uk/about-lime/why-use-lime/

RESOURCES