Solution Manual for Chemistry The Central Science 13th
Edition by Brown LeMay Bursten Murphy WoodwardStoltzfus ISBN 0321910419 9780321910417
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Chemistry: The Central Science, 13e (Brown et al.)
Chapter 5 Thermochemistry
5.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Objects can possess energy as ________.
(a) endothermic energy
(b) potential energy
(c) kinetic energy
A) a only
B) b only
C) c only
D) a and c
E) b and c
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
2) The internal energy of a system is always increased by ________.
A) adding heat to the system
B) having the system do work on the surroundings
C) withdrawing heat from the system
D) adding heat to the system and having the system do work on the surroundings
E) a volume compression
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
3) The internal energy of a system ________.
A) is the sum of the kinetic energy of all of its components
B) is the sum of the rotational, vibrational, and translational energies of all of its components
C) refers only to the energies of the nuclei of the atoms of the component molecules
D) is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of the components
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) Which one of the following conditions would always result in an increase in the internal energy of a system?
A) The system loses heat and does work on the surroundings.
B) The system gains heat and does work on the surroundings.
C) The system loses heat and has work done on it by the surroundings.
D) The system gains heat and has work done on it by the surroundings.
E) None of the above is correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
5) When a system ________, ΔE is always negative.
A) absorbs heat and does work
B) gives off heat and does work
C) absorbs heat and has work done on it
D) gives off heat and has work done on it
E) None of the above is always negative.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
6) Which one of the following is an endothermic process?
A) ice melting
B) water freezing
C) boiling soup
D) Hydrochloric acid and barium hydroxide are mixed at 25 °C: the temperature increases.
E) Both A and C
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
7) Which one of the following is an exothermic process?
A) ice melting
B) water evaporating
C) boiling soup
D) condensation of water vapor
E) Ammonium thiocyanate and barium hydroxide are mixed at 25 °C: the temperature drops.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
8) Of the following, which one is a state function?
A) H
B) q
C) w
D) heat
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
9) Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
A) Ek = m
B) A negative ΔH corresponds to an exothermic process.
C) ΔE = Efinal - Einitial
D) Energy lost by the system must be gained by the surroundings.
E) 1 cal = 4.184 J (exactly)
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
10) The internal energy can be increased by ________.
(a) transferring heat from the surroundings to the system
(b) transferring heat from the system to the surroundings
(c) doing work on the system
A) a only
B) b only
C) c only
D) a and c
E) b and c
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G2
11) A ________ ΔH corresponds to an ________ process.
A) negative, endothermic
B) negative, exothermic
C) positive, exothermic
D) zero, exothermic
E) zero, endothermic
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.3
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G2
12) A ________ ΔH corresponds to an ________ process.
A) negative, endothermic
B) positive, exothermic
C) positive, endothermic
D) zero, exothermic
E) zero, endothermic
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.3
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G2
13) ΔH for an endothermic process is ________ while ΔH for an exothermic process is ________.
A) zero, positive
B) zero, negative
C) positive, zero
D) negative, positive
E) positive, negative
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.3
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G2
14) For a given process at constant pressure, w is positive. This means that the process involves ________.
A) work being done by the system on the surroundings
B) work being done by the surroundings on the system
C) no work being done
D) an equal amount of work done on the system and by the system
E) work being done against a vacuum
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.3
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G2
15) Which one of the following statements is true?
A) Enthalpy is an intensive property.
B) The enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the state of the reactants and products.
C) Enthalpy is a state function.
D) H is the value of q measured under conditions of constant volume.
E) The enthalpy change of a reaction is the reciprocal of the ΔH of the reverse reaction.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
16) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Internal energy is a state function.
B) Enthalpy is an intensive property.
C) The enthalpy change for a reaction is equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, to the enthalpy change for the reverse reaction.
D) The enthalpy change for a reaction depends on the state of the reactants and products.
E) The enthalpy of a reaction is equal to the heat of the reaction.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
17) A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is said to be ________ and has a ________ ΔH at constant pressure.
A) endothermic, positive
B) endothermic, negative
C) exothermic, negative
D) exothermic, positive
E) exothermic, neutral
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G4
18) A chemical reaction that releases heat to the surroundings is said to be ________ and has a ________
ΔH at constant pressure.
A) endothermic, positive
B) endothermic, negative
C) exothermic, negative
D) exothermic, positive
E) exothermic, neutral
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G4
19) The reaction
4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Al2O3 (s) ΔH° = -3351 kJ is ________, and therefore heat is ________ by the reaction.
A) endothermic, released
B) endothermic, absorbed
C) exothermic, released
D) exothermic, absorbed
E) thermoneutral, neither released nor absorbed
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G4
20) Under what condition(s) is the enthalpy change of a process equal to the amount of heat transferred into or out of the system?
(a) temperature is constant
(b) pressure is constant
(c) volume is constant
A) a only
B) b only
C) c only
D) a and b
E) b and c
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.2, 5.3
GO: G2
21) The units of heat capacity are ________.
A) K/J or °C/J
B) J/K or J/°C
C) J/g-K or J/g-°C
D) J/mol
E) g-K/J or g-°C/J
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
22) The units of specific heat are ________.
A) K/J or °C/J
B) J/K or J/°C
C) J/g-K or J/g-°C
D) J/mol
E) g-K/J or g-°C/J
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
23) The British thermal unit (Btu) is commonly used in engineering applications. A Btu is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 °F. There are ________ Btu in one Joule. 1 lb = 453.59 g; °C = (5/9)(°F - 32°); specific heat of H2O (l) = 4.184 J/g-K.
A) 1056 Btu
B) 1.896 × 10-3 Btu
C) 9.278 × 10-4 Btu
D) 5.120 × 10-3 Btu
E) Additional information is needed to complete the calculation.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
24) Which of the following is a statement of Hess's law?
A) If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the ΔH for the reaction will equal the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.
B) If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the ΔH for the reaction will equal the product of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.
C) The ΔH for a process in the forward direction is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the ΔH for the process in the reverse direction.
D) The ΔH for a process in the forward direction is equal to the ΔH for the process in the reverse direction.
E) The ΔH of a reaction depends on the physical states of the reactants and products.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.6
LO: 5.6
GO: G2
25) For which one of the following reactions is ΔH°rxn equal to the heat of formation of the product?
A) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
B) (1/2)N2 (g) + O2 (g) → NO2 (g)
C) 6C (s) + 6H (g) → C6H6 (l)
D) P (g) + 4H (g) + Br (g) → PH4Br (l)
E) 12C (g) + 11H2 (g) + 11O (g) → C6H22O11 (g)
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G2
26) Of the following, ΔH°f is not zero for ________.
A) O2 (g)
B) C (graphite)
C) N2 (g)
D) F2 (s)
E) Cl2 (g)
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G2
27) Of the following, ΔH°f is not zero for ________.
A) Sc (g)
B) Si (s)
C) P4 (s, white)
D) Br2 (l)
E) Ca (s)
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G2
28) Consider the following two reactions:
A → 2B ΔH°rxn = 456.7 kJ/mol
A → C ΔH°rxn = -22.1 kJ/mol
Determine the enthalpy change for the process:
2B → C
A) -478.8 kJ/mol
B) -434.6 kJ/mol
C) 434.6 kJ/mol
D) 478.8 kJ/mol
E) More information is needed to solve the problem.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
29) In the reaction below, ΔH°f is zero for ________.
Ni (s) + 2CO (g) + 2PF3 (g) → Ni(CO)2(PF3)2 (l)
A) Ni (s)
B) CO (g)
C) F3 (g)
D) Ni(CO)2(PF3)2 (l)
E) both CO (g) and PF3 (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
30) For the species in the reaction below, ΔH°f is zero for ________.
2Co (s) + H2 (g) + 8PF3 (g) → 2HCo(PF3)4 (l)
A) Co (s)
B) H2 (g)
C) PF3 (g)
D) HCo(PF3)4 (l)
E) both Co(s) and H2 (g)
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
31) For which one of the following equations is ΔH°rxn equal to ΔH°f for the product?
A) Xe (g) + 2F2 (g) → XeF4 (g)
B) CH4 (g) + 2Cl2 (g) → CH2Cl2 (l) + 2HCl (g)
C) N2 (g) + O3 (g) → N2O3 (g)
D) 2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)
E) C (diamond) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
32) For which one of the following reactions is the value of ΔH°rxn equal to ΔH°f for the product?
A) 2Ca (s) + O2 (g) → 2CaO (s)
B) C2H2 (g) + H2 (g) → C2H4 (g)
C) 2C (graphite) + O2 (g) → 2CO (g)
D) 3Mg (s) + N2 (g) → Mg3N2 (s)
E) C (diamond) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
33) For which one of the following reactions is the value of ΔH°rxn equal to ΔH°f for the product?
A) 2C (s, graphite) + 2H2 (g) → C2H4 (g)
B) N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g)
C) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)
D) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g)
E) H2O (l) + 1/2 O2 (g) → H2O2 (l)
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
34) For which one of the following reactions is the value of ΔH°rxn equal to ΔH°f for the product?
A) H2O (l) + 1/2 O2 (g) → H2O2 (l)
B) N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g)
C) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)
D) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g)
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
35) For which one of the following reactions is the value of ΔH°rxn equal to ΔH°f for the product?
A) H2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) → H2O (l)
B) H2 (g) + O2 (g) → H2O2 (l)
C) 2C (s, graphite) + 2H2 (g) → C2H4 (g)
D) 1/2 N2 (g) + O2 (g) → NO2 (g)
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G4
36) With reference to enthalpy changes, the term standard conditions means ________.
(a) P = 1 atm
(b) some common temperature, usually 298 K
(c) V = 1 L
A) a only
B) b only
C) c only
D) a and c
E) a and b
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.7
LO: 5.7
GO: G2
37) The energy released by combustion of 1 g of a substance is called the ________ of the substance.
A) specific heat
B) fuel value
C) nutritional calorie content
D) heat capacity
E) enthalpy
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.8
LO: 5.7
GO: G2
38) Fuel values of hydrocarbons increase as the H/C atomic ratio increases. Which of the following compounds has the highest fuel value?
A) C2H6
B) C2H4
C) C2H2
D) CH4
E) C6H6
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.8
LO: 5.7
GO: G7
39) Of the substances below, the highest fuel value is obtained from ________.
A) charcoal
B) bituminous coal
C) natural gas
D) hydrogen
E) wood
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.8
GO: G7
40) Which one of the choices below is not considered a fossil fuel?
A) anthracite coal
B) crude oil
C) natural gas
D) hydrogen
E) petroleum
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.8
GO: G7
41) The most abundant fossil fuel is ________.
A) natural gas
B) petroleum
C) coal
D) uranium
E) hydrogen
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.8
GO: G7
5.2 Bimodal Questions
1) Calculate the kinetic energy in J of an electron moving at 6.00 × 106 m/s. The mass of an electron is
9.11 × 10-28 g.
A) 4.98 × 10-48 J
B) 3.28 × 10-14 J
C) 1.64 × 10-17 J
D) 2.49 × 10-48 J
E) 6.56 × 10-14 J
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
2) Calculate the kinetic energy in joules of an automobile weighing 2135 lb and traveling at 55 mph.
(1 mile = 1.6093 km, 1lb = 453.59 g).
A) 1.2 × 104 J
B) 2.9 × 105 J
C) 5.9 × 105 J
D) 3.2 × 106 J
E) 3.2 × 10-6 J
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
3) Calculate the kinetic energy in joules of an automobile weighing 4345 lb and traveling at 75 mph.
(1 mile = 1.6093 km, 1lb = 453.59 g).
A) 5.5 × 105 J
B) 5.5 × 10-5 J
C) 1.1 × 106 J
D) 2.2 × 106 J
E) 2.2 × 10-6 J
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
4) The kinetic energy of a 7.3 kg steel ball traveling at 18.0 m/s is ________ J.
A) 1.2 × 103
B) 66
C) 2.4 × 103
D) 1.3 × 102
E) 7.3
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
5) The kinetic energy of a 10.3 g golf ball traveling at 48.0 m/s is ________ J.
A) 1.20 × 103
B) 66
C) 11.9
D) 1.3 × 102
E) 23.7
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
6) Calculate the kinetic energy in joules of a 150 lb jogger (68.1 kg) traveling at 12.0 mile/hr (5.36 m/s).
A) 1.96 × 103 J
B) 365 J
C) 978 J
D) 183 J
E) 68.1 J
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
7) Calculate the kinetic energy in joules of an 80.0 g bullet traveling at 300.0 m/s.
A) 3.60 × 106 J
B) 1.20 × 104 J
C) 3.60 × 103 J
D) 12.0 J
E) 80.0 J
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
8) The kinetic energy of a 23.2-g object moving at a speed of 81.9 km/hr is ________ J.
A) 1900
B) 77.8
C) 145
D) 1.43 × 10-3
E) 6.00
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
9) The kinetic energy of a 23.2-g object moving at a speed of 81.9 km/hr is ________ kcal.
A) 1.43 × 10-3
B) 6.00
C) 1900
D) 454
E) 0.0251
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
10) A 100-watt electric incandescent light bulb consumes ________ J of energy in 24 hours. [1 Watt (W) = 1 J/sec]
A) 2.40 × 103
B) 8.64 × 103
C) 4.17
D) 2.10 × 103
E) 8.64 × 106
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
GO: G4
11) The ΔE of a system that releases 12.4 J of heat and does 4.2 J of work on the surroundings is ________ J.
A) 16.6
B) 12.4
C) 4.2
D) -16.6
E) -8.2
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G4
12) The ΔE of a system that absorbs 12.4 J of heat and does 4.2 J of work on the surroundings is ________ J.
A) 16.6
B) 12.4
C) 4.2
D) -16.6
E) 8.2
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G4
13) The change in the internal energy of a system that absorbs 2,500 J of heat and that does 7,655 J of work on the surroundings is ________ J.
A) 10,155
B) 5,155
C) -5,155
D) -10,155
E) 1.91 ×
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G4
14) The change in the internal energy of a system that releases 2,500 J of heat and that does 7,655 J of work on the surroundings is ________ J.
A) -10,155
B) -5,155
C) -1.91 × 107
D) 10,155
E) 5,155
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.2
LO: 5.2
GO: G4
15) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -72 kJ. ________ kJ of heat are released when 80.9 grams of HBr is formed in this reaction.
H2 (g) + Br2 (g) → 2HBr (g)
A) 144
B) 72
C) 0.44
D) 36
E) -72
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
16) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -126 kJ. ________ kj are released when 2.00 mol of NaOH is formed in the reaction?
2Na2O2 (s) + 2H2O (l) → 4NaOH (s) + O2 (g)
A) 252
B) 63
C) 3.9
D) 7.8
E) -126
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
17) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -790 kJ. The enthalpy change accompanying the reaction of 0.95 g of S is ________ kJ.
2S (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g)
A) 23
B) -23
C) -12
D) 12
E) -790
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
18) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -6535 kJ. ________ kJ of heat are released in the combustion of 16.0 g of C6H6 (l)?
2C6H6 (l) + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)
A) 1.34 × 103
B) 5.23 × 104
C) 669
D) 2.68 × 103
E) -6535
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
19) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -482 kJ. Calculate the heat (kJ) released to the surroundings when 38.5 g of O2 (g) reacts with excess CO.
2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)
A) 2.65 × 103 kJ
B) 482 kJ
C) 580. kJ
D) 65.7 kJ
E) 210. kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
20) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -336 kJ. Calculate the heat (kJ) released to the surroundings when 23.0 g of HCl is formed.
CH4 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) → CHCl3 (l) + 3HCl (g)
A) 177 kJ
B) 2.57 × 103 kJ
C) 70.7 kJ
D) 211 kJ
E) -336 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
21) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -186 kJ. Calculate the heat (kJ) released from the reaction of 25 g of Cl2.
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)
A) 66 kJ
B) 5.3 × 102 kJ
C) 33 kJ
D) 47 kJ
E) -186 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
22) The enthalpy change for the following reaction is -483.6 kJ:
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g)
Therefore, the enthalpy change for the following reaction is ________ kJ.
4H2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 4H2O (g)
A) -483.6
B) -967.2
C) 2.34 × 105
D) 483.6
E) 967.2
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
LO: 5.4
GO: G4
23) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is +128.1 kJ:
CH3OH (l) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g)
How many kJ of heat are consumed when 15.5 g of CH3OH (l) decomposes as shown in the equation?
A) 0.48 kJ
B) 62.0 kJ
C) 1.3 × 102 kJ
D) 32 kJ
E) 8.3 kJ
Answer: B
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24) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is +128.1 kJ:
CH3OH (l) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g)
How many kJ of heat are consumed when 5.10 g of H2 (g) is formed as shown in the equation?
A) 162 kJ
B) 62.0 kJ
C) 128 kJ
D) 653 kJ
E) 326 kJ
Answer: A
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25) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is +128.1 kJ:
CH3OH (l) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g)
How many kJ of heat are consumed when 5.10 g of CO (g) is formed as shown in the equation?
A) 0.182 kJ
B) 162 kJ
C) 8.31 kJ
D) 23.3 kJ
E) 62.0 kJ
Answer: D
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26) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is +128.1 kJ:
CH3OH (l) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g)
How many kJ of heat are consumed when 5.75 g of CO (g) is formed as shown in the equation?
A) 23.3 kJ
B) 62.0 kJ
C) 26.3 kJ
D) 162 kJ
E) 8.3 kJ
Answer: C
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27) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -1107 kJ:
2Ba (s) + O2 (g) → 2BaO (s)
How many kJ of heat are released when 5.75 g of Ba (s) reacts completely with oxygen to form BaO (s)?
A) 96.3 kJ
B) 26.3 kJ
C) 46.4 kJ
D) 23.2 kJ
E) 193 kJ
Answer: D
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28) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -1107 kJ:
2Ba (s) + O2 (g) → 2BaO (s)
How many kJ of heat are released when 5.75 g of BaO (s) is produced?
A) 56.9 kJ
B) 23.2 kJ
C) 20.8 kJ
D) 193 kJ
E) 96.3 kJ
Answer: C
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29) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -1107 kJ:
2Ba (s) + O2 (g) → 2BaO (s)
How many kJ of heat are released when 15.75 g of Ba (s) reacts completely with oxygen to form BaO (s)?
A) 20.8 kJ
B) 63.5 kJ
C) 114 kJ
D) 70.3 kJ
E) 35.1 kJ
Answer: B
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30) The molar heat capacity of a compound with the formula C2H6 SO is 88.0 J/mol-K. The specific heat of this substance is ________ J/g-K.
A) 88.0
B) 1.13
C) 4.89
D) 6.88 × 103
E) -88.0
Answer: B
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31) The specific heat capacity of lead is 0.13 J/g-K. How much heat (in J) is required to raise the temperature of 15 g of lead from 22 °C to 37 °C?
A) 2.0 J
B) -0.13 J
C) 5.8 × 10-4 J
D) 29 J
E) 0.13 J
Answer: D
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32) The temperature of a 15-g sample of lead metal increases from 22 °C to 37 °C upon the addition of 29.0 J of heat. The specific heat capacity of the lead is ________ J/g-K.
A) 7.8
B) 1.9
C) 29
D) 0.13
E) -29
Answer: D
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33) The specific heat of bromine liquid is 0.226 J/g-K. The molar heat capacity (in J/mol-K) of bromine liquid is ________.
A) 707 J/mol-K
B) 36.1 J/mol-K
C) 18.1 J/mol-K
D) 9.05 J/mol-K
E) 0.226 J/mol-K
Answer: B
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34) The specific heat of liquid bromine is 0.226 J/g-K. How much heat (J) is required to raise the temperature of 10.0 mL of bromine from 25.00 °C to 27.30 °C? The density of liquid bromine: 3.12 g/mL.
A) 5.20 J
B) 16.2 J
C) 300 J
D) 32.4 J
E) 10.4 J
Answer: B
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35) ΔH for the reaction
IF5 (g) → IF3 (g) + F2 (g)
is ________ kJ, give the data below.
IF (g) + F2 (g) → IF3 (g) ΔH = -390 kJ
IF (g) + 2F2 (g) → IF5 (g) ΔH = -745 kJ
A) +355
B) -1135
C) +1135
D) +35
E) -35
Answer: A
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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
36) Given the following reactions
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (s) → 2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g) ΔH = -28.0 kJ
3Fe (s) + 4CO2 (s) → 4CO (g) + Fe3O4 (s) ΔH = +12.5 kJ
the enthalpy of the reaction of Fe2O3 with CO
3Fe2O3 (s) + CO (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 Fe3O4 (s)
is ________ kJ.
A) -59.0
B) 40.5
C) -15.5
D) -109
E) +109
Answer: A
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37) Given the following reactions
N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = 66.4 kJ
2NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = -114.2 kJ
the enthalpy of the reaction of the nitrogen to produce nitric oxide
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g)
is ________ kJ.
A) 180.6
B) -47.8
C) 47.8
D) 90.3
E) -180.6
Answer: A
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38) Given the following reactions
2NO → N2 + O2 ΔH = -180 kJ
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 ΔH = -112 kJ
the enthalpy of the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide
N2 + 2O2 → 2NO2 is ________ kJ.
A) 68
B) -68
C) -292
D) 292
E) -146
Answer: A
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39) Given the following reactions
2S (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) ΔH = -790 kJ
S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g) ΔH = -297 kJ
the enthalpy of the reaction in which sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) is ________ kJ.
A) 196
B) -196
C) 1087
D) -1384
E) -543
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 5.6
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40) Given the following reactions
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g) ΔH = 178.1 kJ
C (s, graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH = -393.5 kJ
the enthalpy of the reaction
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + C (s, graphite) + O2 (g)
is ________ kJ.
A) 215.4
B) 571.6
C) -215.4
D) -571.6
E) 7.01 × 104
Answer: B
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41) Given the following reactions
H2O (l) → H2O (g) ΔH = 44.01 kJ
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g) ΔH = -483.64 kJ
the enthalpy for the decomposition of liquid water into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen
2H2O (l) → 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
is ________ kJ.
A) -395.62
B) -527.65
C) 439.63
D) 571.66
E) 527.65
Answer: D
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42) Given the following reactions
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g) ΔH = +180.7 kJ
2NO( g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = -113.1 kJ
the enthalpy for the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide into molecular nitrogen and oxygen
2NO2 (g) → N2 (g) + 2O2 (g)
is ________ kJ.
A) 67.6
B) -67.6
C) 293.8
D) -293.8
E) 45.5
Answer: B
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43) Given the following reactions
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g) ΔH = +180.7 kJ
2NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = -113.1 kJ
the enthalpy of reaction for
4NO (g) → 2NO2 (g) + N2 (g)
is ________ kJ.
A) 67.6
B) 45.5
C) -293.8
D) -45.5
E) 293.8
Answer: C
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44) Given the following reactions
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g) ΔH = +180.7 kJ
2N2O (g) → O2 (g) + 2N2 (g) ΔH = -163.2 kJ
the enthalpy of reaction for
2N2O (g) → 2NO (g) + N2 (g)
is ________ kJ.
A) 145.7
B) 343.9
C) -343.9
D) 17.5
E) -145.7
Answer: D
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45) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -186 kJ.
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)
The value of ΔH°f for HCl (g) is ________ kJ/mol.
A) -3.72 × 102
B) -1.27 × 102
C) -93.0
D) -186
E) +186
Answer: C
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46) The value of ΔH° for the following reaction is -3351 kJ:
2Al (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Al2O3 (s)
The value of ΔH°f for Al2O3 (s) is ________ kJ.
A) -3351
B) -1676
C) -32.86
D) -16.43
E) +3351
Answer: B
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47) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
Ca(OH)2 + 2H3AsO4 → Ca(H2AsO4)2 + 2H2O is ________ kJ.
A) -744.9
B) -4519
C) -4219
D) -130.4
E) -76.4
Answer: D
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48) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO (g) + 6H2O (l) is ________ kJ.
A) -1172
B) -150
C) -1540
D) -1892
E) The ΔH°f of O2 (g) is needed for the calculation.
Answer: A
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49) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g) → CH3CO2H (l) + H2O (l) is ________ kJ.
A) -79.0
B) -1048.0
C) -476.4
D) -492.6
E) The value of ΔH°f of O2 (g) is required for the calculation.
Answer: D
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50) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
3NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → 2HNO3 (aq) + NO (g) is ________ kJ.
A) 64
B) 140
C) -140
D) -508
E) -64
Answer: C
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51) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
IF5 (g) + F2 (g) → IF7 (g) is ________ kJ.
A) 1801
B) -1801
C) 121
D) -121
E) -101
Answer: E
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52) Given the data in the table below, ΔH° for the reaction
2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) is ________ kJ.
A) -566.4
B) -283.2
C) 283.2
D) -677.0
E) The ΔH°f of O2 (g) is needed for the calculation.
Answer: A
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53) The value of ΔH° for the following reaction is 177.8 kJ. The value of ΔH°f for CaO(s) is ________ kJ/mol.
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
A) -1600
B) -813.4
C) -635.5
D) 813.4
E) 177.8
Answer: C
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54) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
2Ag2S (s) + O2 (g) → 2Ag2O (s) + 2S (s)
is ________ kJ.
A) -1.6
B) +1.6
C) -3.2
D) +3.2
E) The ΔH°f of S (s) and of O2 (g) are needed for the calculation.
Answer: D
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55) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
Ag2O (s) + H2S (g) → Ag2S (s) + H2O (l)
is ________ kJ.
A) -267
B) -370
C) -202
D) -308
E) More data are needed to complete the calculation.
Answer: A
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56) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) is ________ kJ.
A) -99
B) 99
C) -198
D) 198
E) The ΔH°f of O2 (g) is needed for the calculation.
Answer: C
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57) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (l) is ________ kJ.
A) -132
B) 1496
C) 704
D) -704
E) -2.16 × 103
Answer: A
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58) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
3 Cl2 (g) + PH3 (g) → PCl3 (g) + 3 HCl (g) is ________ kJ.
A) -385.77
B) -570.37
C) 570.37
D) 385.77
E) The ΔH°f of Cl2 (g) is needed for the calculation.
Answer: B
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59) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction
PCl3 (g) + 3 HCl (g) → 3Cl2 (g) + PH3 (g) is ________ kJ.
A) -570.37
B) -385.77
C) 570.37
D) 385.77
E) The ΔH°f of Cl2 (g) is needed for the calculation.
Answer: C
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60) Given the data in the table below and ΔH°rxn for the reaction
SO2Cl2 (g) + 2H2O (l) → H2SO4 (l) + 2HCl (g)
ΔH°f of HCl (g) is ________ kJ/mol.
ΔH° = -62 kJ
A) -184
B) 60
C) -92
D) 30
E) Insufficient data are given.
Answer: C
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61) A 25.5-g piece of cheddar cheese contains 37% fat, 28% protein, and 4% carbohydrate. The respective fuel values for protein, fat, and carbohydrate are 17, 38, and 17 kJ/g, respectively. The fuel value for this piece of cheese is ________ kJ.
A) 450
B) 330
C) 790
D) 99
E) 260
Answer: A
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62) The average fuel value of sugars is 17 kJ/g. A 2.0 L pitcher of sweetened Kool-Aid® contains 400 g of sugar. What is the fuel value (in kJ) of a 500 mL serving of Kool-Aid®? (Assume that the sugar is the only fuel source.)
A) 4.2 × 104 kJ
B) 1.7 × 103 kJ
C) 1.7 × 106 kJ
D) 1.7 × 102 kJ
E) 17 kJ
Answer: B
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63) A meal containing a burger, fries, and a milkshake contains 53.0 grams of fat, 38.0 grams of protein, and 152 grams of carbohydrate. The respective fuel values for protein, fat, and carbohydrate are 17, 38, and 17 kJ/g, respectively. If swimming typically burns 1100.0 kJ/hour, ________ minutes of swimming are required to completely burn off the meal.
A) 4.78
B) 33.5
C) 62.5
D) 10.5
E) 286
Answer: E
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64) A slice of apple pie contains 14.0 grams of fat, 2.00 grams of protein, and 52.0 grams of carbohydrate. The respective fuel values for protein, fat, and carbohydrate are 17, 38, and 17 kJ/g, respectively. If cycling typically burns 1000.0 kJ/hour, ________ minutes of cycling are required to completely burn off the slice of pie.
A) 1.45
B) 4.66
C) 8.25
D) 87.0
E) < 1
Answer: D
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5.3 Algorithmic Questions
1) The kinetic energy of a 26.9-g object moving at a speed of 81.9 m/s is ________ J.
A) 145
B) 0.950
C) 90.2
D) 90200
E) 1450
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 7 Page Ref: Sec. 5.1
LO: 5.1
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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
2) The kinetic energy of a 23.2-g object moving at a speed of 98.7 m/s is ________ J.
A) 145
B) 113
C) 1450
D) 0.950
E) 113000
Answer: B
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3) At what velocity (m/s) must a 19.9 g object be moving in order to possess a kinetic energy of 1.0 J?
A) 0.35 m/s
B) 2.8 m/s
C) 0.13 m/s
D) 0.031 m/s
E) 0.016 m/s
Answer: A
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4) At what velocity (m/s) must a 417.3 g object be moving in order to possess a kinetic energy of 3.2 J?
A) 0.12 m/s
B) 26 m/s
C) 0.015 m/s
D) 0.0038 m/s
E) 0.00024 m/s
Answer: A
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5) When work is done on a system, w will be a ________ value.
A) positive
B) negative
C) very large
D) very small
E) There is not enough information given to determine the answer.
Answer: A
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6) The value of ΔE for a system that performs 139 kJ of work on its surroundings and gains 54kJ of heat is ________ kJ.
A) -85
B) 193
C) 7506
D) 85
E) -193
Answer: A
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7) The value of ΔE for a system that performs 19 kJ of work on its surroundings and loses 9kJ of heat is ________ kJ.
A) -28
B) 28
C) 171
D) 10
E) -10
Answer: A
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8) Calculate the work (kJ) done during a reaction in which the internal volume expands from 19 L to 48 L against an outside pressure of 2.5 atm.
A) -7.3 kJ
B) 17 kJ
C) 7.3 kJ
D) -17 kJ
E) 0 kJ; No work is done.
Answer: A
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9) Calculate the work (kJ) done during a reaction in which the internal volume expands from 14 L to 50 L against a vacuum (an outside pressure of 0 atm).
A) 0; kJ No work is done.
B) 3.6 kJ
C) -3.6 kJ
D) 6.5 kJ
E) -6.5 kJ
Answer: A
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10) Calculate the work (kJ) done during a reaction in which the internal volume contracts from 83 L to 13 L against an outside pressure of 4.4 atm.
A) 31 kJ
B) 43 kJ
C) -31 kJ
D) -43 kJ
E) 0 kJ; No work is done.
Answer: A
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11) The value of ΔE for a system that performs 151 kJ of work on its surroundings and loses 79 kJ of heat is ________ kJ.
A) +230.
B) -230.
C) +72
D) -72
E) -151
Answer: B
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12) Calculate the value of ΔE in joules for a system that loses 115 J of heat and has 150 J of work performed on it by the surroundings.
A) -115 J
B) -35 J
C) +35 J
D) +265 J
E) -265 J
Answer: C
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13) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -72 kJ. ________ kJ of heat are released when 5.5 mol of HBr is formed in this reaction.
H2 (g) + Br2 (g) → 2HBr (g)
A) 144
B) 72
C) 0.44
D) 198
E) -72
Answer: D
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14) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -126 kJ. The amount of heat that is released by the reaction of 10.0 g of Na2O2 with water is ________ kJ.
2Na2O2 (s) + 2H2O (l) → 4NaOH (s) + O2 (g)
A) 8.08
B) 16.2
C) 67.5
D) 32.3
E) -126
Answer: A
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15) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -482 kJ. Calculate the heat (kJ) released to the surroundings when 10.0 g of CO (g) reacts completely.
2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)
A) 2410 kJ
B) 172 kJ
C) 86.0 kJ
D) 482 kJ
E) -482 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 8 Page Ref: Sec. 5.4
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16) In the presence of excess oxygen, methane gas burns in a constant-pressure system to yield carbon dioxide and water:
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) △H = -890.0 kJ
Calculate the value of q (kJ) in this exothermic reaction when 1.80 g of methane is combusted at constant pressure.
A) -100.1 kJ
B) 0.0324 kJ
C) -0.0100 kJ
D) 30.9 kJ
E) -1.00 × 105 kJ
Answer: A
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17) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen at constant pressure by the following reaction:
2H2O2 (l) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) △H = -196 kJ
Calculate the value of q (kJ) in this exothermic reaction when 1.50 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes at constant pressure?
A) -8.65 kJ
B) -4.32 kJ
C) -0.0578 kJ
D) 3.84 kJ
E) -8.65 × 103 kJ
Answer: B
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18) The combustion of titanium with oxygen produces titanium dioxide:
Ti (s) + O2 (g) → TiO2 (s)
When 0.610 g of titanium is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 25.00 °C to 50.50 °C. In a separate experiment, the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured to be 9.84 kJ/K. The heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of Ti in this calorimeter is ________ kJ/mol.
A) 2.09
B) 4.14
C) -311
D) -0.154
E) -1.98 × 104
Answer: E
Diff: 4 Var: 15 Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
19) A sample of aluminum metal absorbs 11.2 J of heat, upon which the temperature of the sample increases from 23.2 °C to 30.5 °C. Since the specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.90 J/g-K, the mass of the sample is ________ g.
A) 72
B) 1.7
C) 10.
D) 65
E) 7.3
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 8 Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
20) A sample of calcium carbonate [CaCO3 (s)] absorbs 40.3 J of heat, upon which the temperature of the sample increases from 20.8 °C to 27.3 °C. If the specific heat of calcium carbonate is 0.82 J/g-K, what is the mass (in grams) of the sample?
A) 7.6 g
B) 5.1 g
C) -7.6 g
D) 0.13 g
E) 5.3 g
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
21) The temperature of a 11.8 g sample of calcium carbonate [CaCO3 (s)] increases from 24.8 °C to 38.0 °C. If the specific heat of calcium carbonate is 0.82 J/g-K, how many joules of heat are absorbed?
A) 130 J
B) 0.92 J
C) -130 J
D) -0.92 J
E) 11 J
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
22) An 6.11 g sample of calcium carbonate [CaCO3 (s)] absorbs 84 J of heat, upon which the temperature of the sample increases from 19.2 °C to 35.9 °C. What is the specific heat of calcium carbonate?
A) 0.82 J/g-K
B) -0.82 J/g-K
C) 31 J/g-K
D) 230 J/g-K
E) 8600 J/g-K
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
23) A sample of iron absorbs 81.0 J of heat, upon which the temperature of the sample increases from 19.7
°C to 28.2 °C. If the specific heat of iron is 0.450 J/g-K, what is the mass (in grams) of the sample?
A) 21.2 g
B) 4.29 g
C) -21.2 g
D) 0.0472 g
E) 3.83 g
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4
24) The temperature of a 35.1 g sample of iron increases from 24.5 °C to 31.8 °C. If the specific heat of iron is 0.450 J/g-K, how many joules of heat are absorbed?
A) 115 J
B) 0.0936 J
C) -115 J
D) 0.722 J
E) 3.29 J
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 5.5
LO: 5.5
GO: G4