Radiologic science for technologists physics biology and protection 10th edition bushong test bank

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Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists, 10th Edition Chapter 07: X-ray Production Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Projectile electrons travel from _____. a. anode to cathode b. cathode to anode c. target to patient d. inner shell to outer shell ANS: B Projectile electrons travel from filament to target.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 124 OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

2. During an exposure, most of the _____ energy of the projectile electrons is converted to _____. a. kinetic, x-rays b. x-ray, kinetic c. kinetic, heat d. heat, kinetic ANS: C During an exposure, most of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to heat.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 125 OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

3. At the target, the projectile electrons interact with _____. a. outer-shell electrons b. inner-shell electrons c. atomic nuclei d. both A and B ANS: D The projectile electrons interact with both outer-shell and inner-shell electrons in the target.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 125 OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

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4. The efficiency of x-ray production is _____ the tube current. a. indirectly proportional to b. directly proportional to c. not affected by d. strongly affected by ANS: C The efficiency of x-ray production is unrelated to tube current.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 125 OBJ: Discuss the relationship between tube current and x-ray production.

5. Most of the heat generated at the target is due to _____. a. inner-shell ionization b. outer-shell excitation c. nucleus bombardment d. K x-rays ANS: B Most of the heat generated at the target is due to outer-shell excitation.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 125 OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

6. The production of heat at the anode is directly proportional to _____. a. rotor speed b. filament current c. kVp d. tube current ANS: D The production of heat at the anode is directly proportional to tube current.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 125 OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

7. The efficiency of x-ray production increases as _____ increases. a. mA b. kVp c. time d. both A and B ANS: B The efficiency of x-ray production increases as kVp increases.

DIF: Moderate

REF: page 125

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OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

8. Approximately _____ of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to x-rays at the target. a. 1% b. 10% c. 50% d. 99% ANS: B Approximately 1% of the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted to x-rays at the target.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 125 OBJ: Discuss the interactions between projectile electrons and the x-ray tube target.

9. Electron interactions at the inner-shell of the target atoms produce _____ radiation. a. gamma b. Bremsstrahlung c. characteristic d. all of the above kinds of ANS: C Electron interactions at the inner-shell of the target atoms produce characteristic radiation.

DIF: Moderate x-rays.

REF: page 125

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

10. The useful characteristic x-rays from tungsten targets are ___-shell x-rays. a. K b. L c. M d. N ANS: A The useful characteristic x-rays from tungsten targets are K-shell x-rays.

DIF: Moderate x-rays.

REF: page 126

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

11. Characteristic K-shell x-rays have an effective energy of _____ keV. a. 0.6 b. 3 c. 12 d. 69

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ANS: D Characteristic K-shell x-rays have an effective energy of 69 keV. DIF: Moderate x-rays.

REF: page 129

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

12. Most of the x-rays produced at the target are _____. a. bremsstrahlung b. characteristic c. gamma d. beta ANS: A Most of the x-rays produced at the target are bremsstrahlung.

DIF: Moderate x-rays.

REF: page 128

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

13. At 55 kVp, _____ of the x-rays produced are bremsstrahlung. a. 15% b. 80% c. 100% d. none ANS: C At 55 kVp, 100% of the x-rays produced are bremsstrahlung.

DIF: Moderate x-rays.

REF: page 128

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

14. Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced by _____ at the target. a. outer shell excitation b. slowing electrons c. K-shell interactions d. L-shell interactions ANS: B Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced by slowing electrons at the target.

DIF: Moderate x-rays.

REF: page 127

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

15. Characteristic x-rays are produced by _____. a. braking electrons b. excitation of outer shell electrons c. nuclear fragmentation d. released binding energy Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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ANS: D Characteristic x-rays are produced by released binding energy.

DIF: Moderate/Difficult REF: page 129 OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung x-rays.

16. The quantity of bremsstrahlung radiation increases proportionately with increased _____. a. kVp b. mAs c. filtration d. rotor speed ANS: B The quantity of bremsstrahlung radiation increases proportionately with increased mAs. DIF: Difficult x-rays.

REF: page 130

OBJ: Identify characteristic and bremsstrahlung

17. An exposure taken at 100 kVp would have a continuous emission spectrum with a maximum energy of _____ keV. a. 30 b. 69 c. 100 d. 140 ANS: C An exposure taken at 100 kVp would have an emission spectrum with a maximum energy of 100 keV. DIF: Moderate REF: page 129-130 OBJ: Describe the x-ray emission spectrum.

18. The _____ of an x-ray beam is higher when the peak of the emission spectrum is further to the _____. a. quality, right b. quantity, right c. quality, left d. quantity, left ANS: A The quality of an x-ray beam is higher when the emission spectrum is further to the right.

DIF: Difficult

REF: page 130

OBJ: Describe the x-ray emission spectrum.

19. An increase in mAs would _____ the _____ of the emission spectrum.

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increase, position alone increase, amplitude alone increase, amplitude and position not affect, amplitude and position

ANS: B An increase in mAs would increase only the amplitude of the emission spectrum.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 130 OBJ: Explain how mAs, kVp, added filtration, target material and voltage ripple affect the x-ray emission spectrum.

20. An increase in kVp would _____ the _____ of the emission spectrum. a. increase, position alone b. increase, amplitude alone c. increase, amplitude and position d. not affect, amplitude and position ANS: C An increase in kVp would increase the amplitude and position of the emission spectrum.

DIF: Moderate/Difficult REF: page 131 OBJ: Explain how kVp changes affect the x-ray emission spectrum.

21. Changes in _____ result in directly proportional changes in the amplitude of the emission spectrum. a. mA b. time c. kVp d. both A and B ANS: D Changes in both mA and time result in directly proportional changes in the amplitude of the emission spectrum.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 130 OBJ: Explain how mAs and kVp affect the x-ray emission spectrum.

22. The discrete portion of the x-ray emission spectrum would change position with a change in _____. a. kVp b. target material c. voltage ripple d. both A and B ANS: B

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The discrete portion of the x-ray emission spectrum would change position with a change in target material.

DIF: Moderate/Difficult REF: page 132 OBJ: Explain how target material affects the x-ray emission spectrum.

23. The amplitude of the emission spectrum with a _____ generator is _____ it is with a three-phase generator. a. single-phase, lower than b. high frequency, lower than c. single-phase, higher than d. single-phase, the same as ANS: B The amplitude of the emission spectrum is lower with a single-phase generator than with a three-phase generator.

DIF: Moderate/Difficult REF: page 134 OBJ: Explain how voltage ripple affects the x-ray emission spectrum.

24. A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to _____. a. increasing the mAs 15% b. doubling the mAs c. increasing the mAs 1 1/2 times d. tripling the mAs ANS: B A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to doubling the mAs. DIF: Moderate REF: page 132 OBJ: Explain how kVp affects the x-ray emission spectrum.

25. How does added filtration affect the emission spectrum? a. increased amplitude and a shift to the right b. increased amplitude and a shift to the right c. reduced amplitude and a shift to the right d. reduced amplitude and a shift to the left ANS: C Added filtration causes reduced amplitude and a shift to the right on the emission spectrum.

DIF: Moderate REF: page 132 OBJ: Explain how added filtration affects the x-ray emission spectrum.

Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.