Life and Works of Rizal

Jose Rizal A.Y. 2020—2021

GEC 109—S56

Family Tree of

Jose Rizal Infographics on the

Life of

Jose Rizal

Rizal’s Views and Idealism on

S e l e c t e d

Writings & W o r k s of Jose Rizal Cover Photo Illustrated by Ryo Konno

CONTENT Article on Rizal’s View and Idealism Jose Rizal’s Writings on Philippine History and Culture

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Selected Writings and Works or Rizal A Las Flores de Heidelberg

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(To the Flowers of Heidelberg)

A La Juventud Filipina

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(To the Filipino Youth)

Reflections on Nationalism Cry for the Motherland

by Stiffan Calawod

One Nation, One Goal

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by Eljane Fe Benaro

Nationalism

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Illustrated by Lara Alyssa Soliven

Wake up, Sleeping Nation!

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by Danikha Shyken V. Quibedo

Jose Rizal’s Family Tree Illustrated by Jalaisa May A. Velasquez 14

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Jose Rizal’s Writings on Philippine History and Culture

The Philippines was invaded by the Spaniards in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan but later on died during the battle in Mactan against Lapu-Lapu.

By the 1830's Spanish culture and thought had penetrated into Filipino culture to the extent that the Filipino people began thinking about liberation from Spain. The government of Spain developed Filipino agriculture to the point that it was self-sufficient.

“Culture Philippine pre-colonial culture was basically Malayan in structure and form. They had written language which was used not just for communication but also for literary expression. They also had music and dances for almost all occasions and a wide variety of musical instruments that shows their ingenuity.�

Mr. Ernie Ronel T. Mabahague University of Santo Tomas Manila

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Rizal’s Writings

THE PHILIPPINES: A CENTURY HENCE NOLI ME TANGERE

EL FILIBUSTERISMO THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS

MORGA (Rizal Annotation and Original) TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS

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THE PHILIPPINES: A CENTURY HENCE Originally entitled “Filipinos dentro de Cien Años, is an article by Rizal that supplements his two great novels.

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Then began a new era for the Filipinos. They gradually lost their ancient traditions, their recollections—they forgot their writings, their songs, their poetry, their laws, in order to learn by heart other doctrines, which they did not understand, other ethics, other tastes, different from those inspired in their race by their climate and their way of thinking. Then there was a falling-off, they were lowered in their own eyes, they became ashamed of what was distinctively their own, in order to admire and praise what was foreign and incomprehensible; their spirit was broken and the acquiesced.

”

Rizal attempted to expose the reasons of Spain’s failure to uplift the Philippines economic and social conditions.

This posed a challenge in the present Filipino families and especially to the government, that we should instill national discipline and true love of country, exercising full control of national sovereignty, and assisting the citizen to conBecause of the Spanish culture being nect with their community. imposed on our country, the Filipino indigenous culture stats to deteriorate and disappear, and with the discrimination and inferiority that is insinuated by the Spaniards, the natives have lost their self– worth and confidence. There is a downgrade of our culture.

Jose Rizal with Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce

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NOLI ME TANGERE Touch Me Not!

THE SOCIAL CANCER

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his book was published in 1887 and was originally written in Spanish. Rizal wrote this to expose the cruel and unjust system ran by the Spaniards during their colonization in the Philippines.

However, he did not just wrote this to unmask the corruption of Spanish rule in the Philippines but it is also a wake-up call for the Filipinos to change their ill-mannered attitude.

It is said that, “behavior deter-

mines culture and culture determines behavior� .

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EL FILIBUSTERISMO

REIGN OF GREED On September 18, 1891, the second novel of Dr. Jose Rizal, El Filibusterismo (Reign of Greed), written in Spanish and a sequel to Noli Me Tangere was published in Ghent, Belgium

El Filibusterismo was written in dedication to the three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, whose deaths left an indelible mark in his mind.

In this novel, the society is urged to open its eyes to reality and rebel against the Spanish government for its oppression and abuse.

GOMBURZA Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora

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THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS La Indolencia de los Filipinas

Rizal’s response to the accusation of the Spanish that the Filipinos were indolent

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Man works for an object. Remove that object and you reduce him into inaction.

Jose Rizal, The Indolence of the Filipinos

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We, Filipinos, are not indolent, in fact, we are obedient and hardworking — one of our positive traits that even now, we are known globally because of possessing such character

MORGA (Rizal Annotation and Original) Governor Antonio de Morga was not only the first to write but also the first to publish a Philippine History.

Rizal emphasizes that Morga was the evidence and the primary source of history in the Philippines.

Rizal argued that the Filipinos before has their own culture and did not require a new religion or “civilization” from Spain.

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TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS

According to Rizal, the young women of Malolos were like Spartan women, these are the ideal women for him because they fight to be educated.

These young women changed the entire view of women in the Philippines and started the women’s rights or women empowerment.

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No good water comes from a muddy spring. No sweet fruit comes from a bitter seed.

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They sent a petition to the governor general to open a night school to study Spanish language.

It is safe to say that even during Rizal’s time, women were strong and worthy of an equal treatment. This explains why nowadays, equality for men and women exist. Women are not only to bear a man’s child, however women can do more, that they, too, can contribute to our country’s betterment.

— Jose Rizal , To the Young Women of Malolos

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The house of Jose Rizal in Calamba, Laguna is today a national shrine. In its historical marker, it says "Restored by Executive Order No. 145 of President Elpidio Quirino with funds mainly contributed by school children of the Philippines. Inaugurated, 1950. Architect: Juan F. Nakpil

Jose Rizal at 14 years old

Ateneo de Manila University, where Rizal was honoured with a sobresaliente ranking

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One Nation, One Goal Eljane Fe Benaro

Different paths that we take The same goals we want to make To build, to stand, to create One nation that has its own state A state that has order A leader who’s fair A people who can understand clear And a community with harmony Continuing our journey Living with our goal peacefully Patronizing and valuing out nation Can help the community achieve recognition Same culture, race, and nationalism

Mold in the happenings of time And the constant change of all Despite that, we remain with our goal Goal to make this country be free

From everything that will make us plea and, so allow yourself to see the beauty of freedom everyday Together, we stand as one

Cry for the Motherland

So you will not be trampled

Stiffan Calawod I will protect, this is my principle So stand and rise my people!

People!

People!

I call you my people

Love your nation

And the reason is very simple In my eyes, you all are my apple

The temptation of foreign seems to be right But with our own hands we must change and fight And the world will remember what our might

Become its guardiWith our shout, an, its legion they will tremble in fright Weakness is not an option

People!

I may have been People! torn, battered and We must stand and cripple unite But I will rise to be To overcome and an example survive the night

With our song, we take flight People!

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Wake up, Sleeping Nation!

Danikha Shyken V. Quibedo That old saying, “If you wish to live, you should conduct yourself like a dead man” was a pleasant allurement upon which those who wished to enslave the Filipinos have exploited to lull us to a sleep that partially dulled our sense of nationalism. The poisoned apple that put our patriotism in a deep slumber.

I believe that it is not living when one will just allow someone else to get a hold of one’s life. A living man would not get to defend, direct, and celebrate his life truly when that happens. It is the fugue state between sleeping soundly and waking up with nothing but indifference, not living but merely surviving. And history has certainly taught us that, it had happened starkly during the colonial period, particularly during the prolonged misrule of the Spaniards in the Philippines where the Filipinos were adversely subjected to a parade of desolation and tyranny. I’m talking about the Filipinos who had been tainted, tormented, mocked, oppressed, and abused in their own fatherland by feigned and shady colonizers who I despise for having the viscera to assert their positions and have the audacity to act as if they were the ones who were disrespected.

The thing is, going through life and facing the whole shebang that is inflicted most dominantly by somebody is still evident up to date. Lucky us, it is not that bloodshed of a fight every day in this new epoch relative to the colonial times which I strongly believe that we owe all of this freedom we abuse today to the prominent figures back in the past who struggled, sacrificed and died for the revolutionary fervor they had for their country. Had it not been for their high regard to their fatherland and to the future generations, we would not be able to experience this rather more organized, less gory hostilities way of living.

I am delighted by a particular novelist’s valiant spirit, Jose Rizal, for he showed the Spanish that he was no dead man. He certainly told tales. It was Rizal who immensely awakened the nationalistic heart of each Filipino; it was him who unconventionally challenged the perpetrators by fighting them with solely his quill and conviction, instead of resorting to gun fires. The peaceful way to ever fight a battle, so to speak. Thereby, it was him who took on the central role in redeeming the Philippine’s independency. His influence to the other revolutionaries was evident; his doctrines drove them to continue fighting for the deprived Filipinos’ rights, sovereignty, and liberty over the Spanish rulers who advanced on their prerogative. Rizal’s legacy will forever live on for it had all been indited and sure to be remembered.

True enough that nationalism had and has never faltered in the fight for one’s land. Common denominator is nationalism to attaining and sustaining a wholesome nation-state. So, let us put a premium on nurturing our nationalistic views in order to continue fighting for our fatherland because the Philippines needs it up until now. Let us not forget the battle cry of our heroes and the clamors of the oppressed Filipinos whilst endeavoring to win back the coveted island of the Philippines. The latter is ours, and we are its people. Know that if we really wish to live, we cannot just be silenced especially in our own land hence; let the ardent spirit of our national heroes enliven us to never not fight against the perils of our wakening hours. Our nationalism is the true love’s kiss of our country and no wickedness could ever triumph against that. After all, one cannot just simply serenade a lullaby to calm the stranger tides.

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Dr. Jose Rizal, a student in Ateneo de Manila, 1879 In the hub of the Ateneo de Manila’s Loyola Schools (College and Post-Graduate Studies)

Rizal, an avid Fencer In the photo, Rizal poses with friends Valentin Venture and Juan Luna in Luna's home in Paris.

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To The Filipino Youth Hold high the brow serene, O youth, where now you stand; Let the bright sheen Of your grace be seen, Fair hope of my fatherland!

The Spaniard’s holy hand A crown’s resplendent band Proffers to this Indian land.

Thou, who now wouldst rise On wings of rich emprise, Seeking from Olympian skies Songs of sweetest strain, Softer than ambrosial rain; Come now, thou genius grand, Thou, whose voice divine And bring down inspiration; Rivals Philomel’s refrain With thy mighty hand, And with varied line Swifter than the wind’s violation, Through the night benign Raise the eager mind to higher Frees mortality from pain; station.

Come down with pleasing light Of art and science to the fight, O youth, and there untie The chains that heavy lie, Your spirit free to blight.

See how in flaming zone Amid the shadows thrown,

Thou, who by sharp strife Wakest thy mind to life ; And the memory bright Of thy genius’ light Makest immortal in its strength ; And thou, in accents clear

sun first traces the topmost peak of Heidelberg Koenigssthul in gold and with a mild warmth raises Go to my country, go, O foreign to life again the valley, the glade, flowers, the forest, sown by the traveler along the he hails that sun, still in its road, dawning, and under that blue heaven that in his country in full zenith that watches over my loved blazes. ones, And tell of that day recount the devotion when he collected you along the pilgrim nurses for his native the way sod! among the ruins of a feudal casGo and say say that when dawn tle, opened your chalices for the on the banks of the Neckar, or in first time a forest nook. beside the icy Neckar, Recount the words he said you saw him silent beside you, as, with great care, thinking of her constant vernal between the pages of a wornclime. out book Say that when dawn he pressed the flexible petals which steals your aroma that he took. was whispering playful love Carry, carry, O flowers, songs to your young my love to my loved ones, sweet petals, he, too, murmured peace to my country and its fecanticles of love in his native cund loam, tongue; faith to its men and virtue to its that in the morning when the

To The Flowers of

Of Phoebus, to Apelles dear ; Or by the brush’s magic art Takest from nature’s store a part, To fig it on the simple canvas’ length ; Go forth, and then the sacred fire Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire ; To spread around the fame, And in victory acclaim, Through wider spheres the human name.

Day, O happy day, Fair Filipinas, for thy land!

So bless the Power to-day That places in thy way This favor and this fortune grand! women, health to the gracious beings that dwell within the sacred paternal home.

When you reach that shore, deposit the kiss I gave you on the wings of the wind above that with the wind it may rove and I may kiss all that I worship, honor and love!

But O you will arrive there, flowers, and you will keep perhaps your vivid hues; but far from your native heroic earth to which you owe your life and worth, your fragrances you will lose!

For fragrance is a spirit that never can forsake and never forgets the sky that saw its birth.

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Jose Rizal (standing 1st from the left) and MarĂ­a de la Paz Pardo de Tavera (standing 2nd from the left) and friends.

A rare photo of Jose Rizal smiling

Jose Rizal on a picnic in Paris with friend Juan Luna and wife Paz Pardo de Tavera

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Jose Rizal with Juan Luna and FĂŠlix ResurecciĂłn Hidalgo

Rizal in London

Jose Rizal, Trinidad Hermenegildo, Pardo de Tavera, and Felix Pardo de Tavera posing for a Juan Luna portrait

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Family Ancestry Illustration Celberth Chester N. Serenobis and Gerald Jude F. Giner Family Tree Illustration Jalaisa May A. Velasquez Researchers and Contributors Cindy Marie A. Ambray

Danikha Shyken V. Quibedo Eljane Fe V. Benaro Lara Alyssa Soliven Jalaisa May A. Velasquez

Jessa F. Sabuero John Rey D. Permacio Stiffan Love M. Calawod Editorial Director

Lara Alyssa Soliven

A Digital Magazine by GEC—109 S56 Students All Rights Reserved.

2021