United Nations Sustainability Institute - Volume 2

UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABILITY INSTITUTE

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VOLUME

UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABILITY INSTITUTE Jake Brannon // ARCH 808 Kansas State University Jay Siebenmorgen & Fran Silvestre Spring 2018

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH 001 003 007 017 025 029 041

Introduction Geography History Urban Growth Climate City Character Case Studies

CHAPTER 2 SITE 051 063 067 071

Photo Journal Existing Conditions Urban Rules Masterplan

CHAPTER 3 PROPOSAL 077 083

Project Statement Program

CHAPTER 4 ARCHITECTURE 091 099 115 121 129

Diagrams Plans & Sections Facade Interior Architecture Model Photos

CHAPTER 5 APPENDIX 135

Bibliography

1 RESEARCH

001 Introduction

THESIS INTRODUCTION The contemporary city is a place of increasing complexity. Within the context of a globalized world we find burgeoning growth in many cities that is pushing developers and architects to consider and design for areas of untapped potential.

Cities of historical significance face particular challenges of blending the old with the new. The city of Valencia, Spain is no exception; where we see a contrast of historic urban fabric with the busiest shipping container port in the Mediterranean Sea. This presents a creative opportunity to analyze the dialogue and constraints between the old and new, and consider how resulting hybrid conditions can create program configurations that will add new value to the city and engender future potentials.

It is indeed a heavy responsibility to propose a new work of architecture in any city. A city such as Valencia gives us the added challenge of analyzing and respecting the significance of a centuries-old historical urban fabric.

How do you as an architect design a project that respects context, building upon the inherent values, while having a contemporary position? How do you create a timeless work of architecture while provoking us to think in new ways?

The aspiration of all cities is to develop a framework to promote a healthy, happy and fulfilling lifestyle. Many developed cities around the world are implementing growth programs focused on the design of streets and buildings to promote healthier lifestyles and foster new potentials for human experience.

To be an architect you must ultimately be an optimist, always believing that what you create can have a positive effect on making the world a better place.

Our lives are directly influenced by the places we inhabit; where we work, live, socialize, study, worship and traverse. It is all architecture. Architecture changes our moods, our feelings, the way we think, and the way we produce. It has the power to inspire creativity, increase productivity, more effectively heal a patient, or to change the identity of a company, family, or even a city. In essence, it affects the deepest emotions of our human core.

Introduction 002

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003 Geography

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY WATER BOUNDARIES

LAND CONDITIONS

2000 - 3000 METERS

Most of Spain’s boundaries are water: the Mediterranean Sea on the south to the French border and the Atlantic Ocean on the northwest and southwest (in the south as the Golfo de Cádiz and in the north as the Bay of Biscay). Spain also shares land boundaries with France and Andorra along the Pyrenees in the northeast, with Portugal on the west, and with the small British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar near the southernmost tip.

The affiliation of Gibraltar has continued to be a contentious issue between Spain and Britain.

Spain, in southwestern Europe, borders Portugal to the west and France to the northeast. It is a fairly large country with a diverse terrain. The varying geographical features offer a range of outdoor opportunities, from rock climbing to surfing. Occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula’s land area (approximately 85%), Spain is the third largest country in Europe and 45% is covered by the Meseta Plateau.

1000 - 2000 METERS 0000 - 1000 METERS PEAK

FRANCE

ATLANTIC SEA

PORTUGAL

BALEARIC SEA

ALGERIA MOROCCO

Geography 004

REGIONAL CLIMATE ZONES Mediterranean Climate Spain’s Mediterranean climate is only active throughout one-fifth of the country. Winters are generally mild and summers vary in intensity depending on the region. For the most part, temperatures are moderate and there is not a wide range between the summer highs and winter lows.

Oceanic Climate This climate zone predominates over Spain’s northern coast and the northwestern region of Galicia. This climatic zone is characterized by extensive rainfall. Summers are warm, but not hot.

Winters are more mild than continental climate zones. Precipitation is consistent throughout the year.

Mountain Climate These areas are characterized by cold winters and mild summers, with a predominance of cold temperatures. Snow and strong winds are also common.

MEDITERRANEAN OCEANIC MOUNTAIN ARID

Arid Climate This area of Spain is characteristically hot and dry, with very little rainfall.

Spain’s semi-deserts can be found here.

CONTINENTAL

Continental Climate Spain’s most predominant climate is continental. Winters are cold enough for snows and most of the rainfall occurs in late Spring. Summers can be hot and - in the North, which is very green - rainy.

FRANCE

ATLANTIC SEA

BALEARIC SEA

VALENCIA

PORTUGAL

ALGERIA MOROCCO

005 Geography

LOCAL GEOGRAPHY A DIVERSE REGION Valencia has a widely diverse landscape with more than 450 kilometres of coastline and beaches along the Mediterranean, bordered by Cataluña to the north and Murcia to the south. With a total area of some 20,0000 square kilometers, yet only 120 kilometers at its widest point, the area has both high mountains and plains, wetlands and beaches, a temperate climate yet with semiarid desert environments and lush forests in the interior.

2000 - 3000 METERS 1000 - 2000 METERS 0000 - 1000 METERS POPULATION HUB

Geography 006

LOCAL TOPOGRAPHY A VARIED LANDSCAPE The topography around Valencia slopes from the mountains in the west to the Balearic Sea in the east. The landscape within the city itself is rather flat following the contours of the original River Turia path. To the south lies Albufera Natrual Park--home to the largest lake in Spain and one of the most important wetland areas in the Iberian Peninsula. It is a place of great ecological interest with rare species of wading birds and a rich variety of wildlife. Its waters have been traditionally worked by fishermen and rice growers, supplying ingredients and inspiration for many of the regions most succulent dishes.

VALENCIA CITY LIMITS POBLATS MARITIMS

007 History

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF VALENCIA 100 By this time the main 100 B.C.

public buildings of the city have appeared in the present l’Almoina.

They include the Templo de Asklepion, the forum, Basilica, Circus, temple of the forum, and infrastructure.

B.C.

ARCHITECTURE FLOODING EVENTS

Valentia is destroyed

by Pompeii in a series of Civil Wars between Mario and Sila in which the city took a very active role. The city would remain uninhabited for 50 years until its refounding.

75

Valencia, then Valentia, is founded as a Roman colony by consul Junius Brutus Callaicus. The first settlers were approximately 2000 former soldiers of the wars of Viriato.

138

History 008

1021-’61 100 B.C. During the reign of Abd al Aziz ibn Amir a new wall was built for defensive purposes. According to recordings, the wall had seven gates, was built of cement, and had semicircular towers of construction.

A.D.

Valencia, is taken by the Visigoths. Seven governing bishops would be recorded during this period.

413

On January 22nd, Saint Vincent dies in Valencia from the wounds of his torture and becomes a martyr for Christianity.

304

Valencia becomes the seat of a newly established independent Moorish kingdom called Valencia that extends from Almeria to the Ebro estuary.

Three armies of Moors fan out across the Iberian peninsula following the defeat of the Goths at the battle of Guadalete.

718

Lead by Tarik, the Moors conquered Valencia, Murviendro, Jativa, and Denia.

711

1021 The Tribunal de las Aguas was founded under the Caliph of Cordova Abd al Rahman III. The Court continues today, operating for over 1000 years.

960

009 History

1288 100 B.C. The Almoina building was constructed.

1307 100 B.C. The Almudin (public granary) was constructed

1238 100 B.C. The Monasterio de San Vicente de la Roqueta is occupied.

Casas de la Ciudad construction is started.

1313 100 B.C.

1342 100 B.C. Casas de la Ciudad construction is completed.

(1307-1342)

1381 100 B.C. The Miguelete Tower construction is started.

1356 100 B.C.

Banos del Almirante is constructed.

Construction on the Medieval Walls begins.

James of Aragon I leads an army that pushes the Islamic Moors out of power in Valencia and adds the city to his dominion.

1238

A drought was followed by flooding from the river, killing 400 people and destroying all of the city’s bridges.

River Turia Flood

1352

River Turia Flood

1340 First Recorded River Turia Flood

1320

1392 The Serranos Gateway is erected.

1424 100 B.C. The Miguelete Tower is completed.

History 010

1482 100 B.C.

1533 100 B.C.

Construction begins on La Lonja Silk Exchange.

1586 100 B.C.

La Lonja Silk Exchange is completed.

The Corpus Christi College is established.

River Turia Flood

1589

River Turia Flood

1486

The Spanish Kingdom unites under Ferdinand and Isabella.

1479

River Turia Flood

1476

River Turia Flood

1446

Violent flooding occurred which killed many and destroyed all of the city’s mills.

River Turia Flood

River Turia Flood

1581

1486

River Turia Flood

1577

The University of Valencia is established in the former Jewish quarter.

River Turia Flood

1557

1498

River Turia Flood

1555

River Turia Flood

1540

011 History

1596 100 B.C.

1652 100 B.C.

The Serranos Bridge and Puente del Mar are constructed.

1599 100 B.C.

The Basilica Mare de Deu dels Desemparats begins construction.

The Ponte de Real is constructed.

1667 100 B.C. The Basilica Mare de Deu dels Desemparats construction is completed.

1685 100 B.C. Work to expand the Port of Valencia begins.

1688 100 B.C. Tower of Santa Catalina begins construction.

The Moors which made up 30% of the population are expelled from Spain leaving a devastating effect on the economy and culture.

1609

1705 100 B.C.

1768 100 B.C.

Tower of Santa The San Carlos Royal Catalina is completed. Academy of Fine Arts is established.

Tomas Vicente Tosca makes the first cartographic representation of the city in the form of a perspective drawing.

1704

History 012

1839 100 B.C.

1860 100 B.C.

The Museu de Bellas Artes de Valencia is completed.

1840 100 B.C. Plaza Redona is constructed in the city center.

1810 100 B.C. Renovations to the municipal cemetery are made.

Napolean’s troops occupy Valencia and destroy the Royal Palace, the Soledad Church, the Zaldia Convent, and the San Juan Convent.

1808

The Plaza de Toros is constructed adjacent to Estacio del Nord.

1850 100 B.C. Estacio del Nord is completed.

1860 100 B.C. The Plaza de Toros is constructed adjacent to Estacio del Nord.

1864 100 B.C. Valencia’s medieval walls are destroyed.

Occupation of Napoleon’s troops ends.

1874

013 History

The “Urban Expansion Commission” is set up in the Municipality.

1876

The villages of El Cabanyal, Canyamelar, and Cap de Franca were merged into Valencia to form the Poblats Maritims district.

1897

Valencia’s Ayuntamiento City Hall is constructed. World War I

1901-’04

1914-’18

The ‘Banos del Almirante’ are declared a Historical Artistic Monument

Valencia briefly serves as seat of the Loyalist Government during the Spanish Civil War.

1936-’37

Spanish Civil War occurs, marking the end of the Spanish Republic.

1944

World War II

1936-’39 1939-’45

History 014

1965 100 B.C. Construction to divert the river Turia begins.

The “Plan de Ordenacion de Valencia y su Cintura” (Plan for the Organization of Valencia and its Surrounding Belt) was adopted.

The “Solucion Sur” (Southern Solution) is adopted to redirect the river Turia south of the city.

1957

1946

King Juan Carlos I gifts the Turia riverbed to Valencia upon which he builds the 7 kilometer park.

1957

The worst floods in Valencia’s history destroy the city.

81 deaths were recorded as a result.

1957

Crisis in the shipping and fishing industries initiate the slow decline of the Poblats Maritims district, whose economy was largely dependent on these industries.

1970

Unemployment, social problems, and pollution, which was the result of over a century of shipping and industrial activity, and the city dumping sewage into the harbor had degraded the district.

1980

The local Valencian government declares El Cabanyal a ‘Heritage of Cultural Interest’.

1993

015 History

2005 100 B.C. The “City of Arts and Sciences”

by Calatrava is completed.

1998 100 B.C. Palau de Congresos is constructed.

2006 100 B.C. Veles i Vents is completed for the America’s Cup.

Valencia hosts its second edition of the America’s Cup.

After the Valencia City Council announced plans to extend the Blasco Ibanez Avenue, destroying 1600 dwellings in the El Cabanyal neighborhood, Salvem El Cabanyal was created to challenge new development.

2010

The Tribunal de las Aguas is declared by the UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, a ‘Tribunal of irrigators of the Spanish Mediterranean’.

1998

2009 Valencia hosts the European Formula One Grand Prix for five years at Marina Real Juan Carlos.

2008

The global Great Recession halts the development boom of the city.

2008-’12 Valencia hosts the America’s Cup.

2007

Economy recovers.

2012

History 016

017 Urban Growth

ROMAN ERA 138 BC - 714 AD

CITY GROWTH

This era of Valencia dates from the time of its founding as a Roman colony in the 600’s BCE to its eventual transition into a Moorish Islamic City in the 8th century. Sitting approximately 2.7 m below the current streets of Valencia, the Roman city sat on the south bank of the river Turia. Situated where the river Turia intersected via Augusta, the city was centered around the presentday cathedral and Plaza de la Virgen.

From the forum ran the city’s Cardo and Decunano roads that presently correspond with the Navellcs-Miguelete and Almudin-Caballeros streets. The city did not become important until the third century when the regional capital of Sagunto had been destroyed.

NOTABLE DEVELOPMENT

Area of l’Almoina in 100 B.C.

Centre Arqueologic de l’Almoina

BALEARIC SEA

Urban Growth 018

MOORISH ERA 714 AD - 1238 AD

CITY GROWTH

The era of the Islamic Moors in Valencia started in 718 after the Goths were overthrown. During this time Valencia’s economy would flourish due to the Moor’s agricultural technological contributions to the region. In the 11th century walls were built to enclose the city, an area of 47 hectares and a population of approximately 15,000.

The urban fabric consisted of blind alleys and walled garden residences.

NOTABLE DEVELOPMENT

Remnant of the Islamic City Wall

The Almudin

BALEARIC SEA

019 Urban Growth

CONQUEST ERA 1238 AD - 1812 AD

CITY GROWTH

James of Aragon I conquered Valencia in 1238 and would fundamentally lay the foundation for a change in the way the city developed that differed from the Moors. First Valencia was divided into four quarters corresponding to the citizen’s origins with over 1600 houses listed in “Libre del Repartiment” being given to newcomers from Barcelona.

The remaining Moor population was moved to the outskirts of the city on the west side. Traditionally Islamic homes were converted to accommodate their new Christian inhabitants, in addition to new churches.

NOTABLE DEVELOPMENT

Train station

Serranos Towers

BALEARIC SEA

Urban Growth 020

MODERN ERA 1812 AD - 1950 AD

CITY GROWTH

Spanning from 1800 to the mid1900’s, the modern era was the time of moderate expansion for Valencia.

Briefly Napoleon’s troops occupied the city and destroyed the Royal Palace, the Soledad Church, the Zaldia convent and the San Juan convent. However the Plaza Redonda was added to the city in its geometric center. In 1865 after demolishing the old walls, Valencia began to expand to the south and east along the roads connecting it with its port and coastal districts also known as ‘Poblats Maritims’.

NOTABLE DEVELOPMENT

Mercado Central

City Hall at Plaza de San Francisco

BALEARIC SEA

021 Urban Growth

CONTEMPORARY ERA 1950 AD - PRESENT

CITY GROWTH

The city’s contemporary era spans from the 1950’s to the present day and has been a time of aggressive expansion.

Following devastating flooding in 1957, the adoption of Solucion Sur in 1958 and the 1966 General Plan, Valencia diverted the river Turia and looked to expand toward the coast. Simultaneously immigrants from rural and southern Spain flocked to the city seeking employment. Development swelled and resulted in new infrastructure, urban expansion, and the areas of the City of Arts and Sciences, the Congress Center, the Biopartc and Cabecera Park, and the Royal Marina.

NOTABLE DEVELOPMENT

Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias

Grand Prix at Marina Real Juan Carlos

BALEARIC SEA

Urban Growth 022

RIVER TURIA FLOODING THE GREAT FLOOD In 1957 Valencia faced its worst flood in recorded history. Just after midnight on October 4, 1957 debris and logs stated to flow into the city, blocking bridges that connected the two halves of Valencia.

More than 1000 cubic meters of water per second flowed into the cities streets.

At 4 AM the flood reached its peak of approximately 2700 cubic metres of water per second, but quickly tapered off afterwards. A single telephone line remained to Castellon allowing for emergency services to be contacted.

All roads out of the city towards Madrid, Barcelona, and Albacete were blocked or swept away.

ORIGINAL RIO TURIA ROUTE Later that same day at 2 PM a second flood occurred with 3500 cubic meters of water per second rushing into the city with rain dense enough to limit sight. At 3:30 PM the second flood reached its apex with 6000 cubic meters of water per second, washing away buildings and expanding the rivers size to cover 2200 hectares. The neighborhoods of Nazaret, El Cabanyal and Malvarrosa were the most impacted districts.

EXTENT OF 1957 FLOOD NEW RIO TURIA ROUTE

BALEARIC SEA

023 Urban Growth

DIVERTING THE TURIA NEW PORT DEVELOPMENTS As the river was moved it created a new border along the southern edge of the city. This allowed for a more connected city with a green belt now connecting the developed districts of the city. The movement of the river allowed for more expansions of the port since the Poblats Maritims district was more stable and free from the issues of flooding.

DIVIDING POBLATS MARITIMS While the movement of the river was largely a boon for the city it did have repercussions on the coastal district of Poblats Maritims. The re-routing of the Rio Turia lead to the development of Mega-Events such as the construction of the Formula 1 track. These events have divided neighborhoods of the Poblats Maritims district, separating these neighborhoods from the rest of the city.

DIVERTED RIO TURIA

Urban Growth 024

NEW GREEN BELT

025 Climate

ANNUAL CLIMATE AVERAGES SEA TEMPERATURE 80°

73°

65°

58°

50°

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

HOURS OF SUNSHINE 400

300

200

100

0

JAN

FEB

MAR

Climate 026

INCHES OF PRECIPITATION 4

3

2

1

0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

RAINY DAYS 30

23

15

8

0

JAN

027 Climate

SEA LEVEL RISE VALENCIA AT RISK Here we see that global warming, if left unchecked, will have a negative impact on the Poblats Maritims district and Valencia as a whole. In terms of global warming and rising waters in relation to our building site, even the slightest increase of .5 °C could cause the Balearic Sea to rise one meter and overrun almost fifty percent of the proposed site.

At a 1 °C increase, the sea could rise two whole meters and swallow the site almost entirely.

Current projections estimate that the global temperature will raise at least 2°C, even if CO2 emissions are stopped immediately. Without new infrastructure to protect the costal city from rising waters, much of Valencia will disappear in the decades to come.

RISING WATERS +6°C / 13 METERS +2.5°C / 5 METERS +1°C / 2 METERS +.5°C / 1 METER POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT PROJECT SITE AREA

Climate 028

029 City Character

VALENCIA GREEN SPACE MOVING THE TURIA

A SPACE FOR THE CITY

PARC DE CABECERA

After the Great Flood of Valencia in 1957, the city set out to split the Turia river that cuts through the heart of the city to prevent future flooding. To do this, a canal was dug to the south of the city to take the bulk of floodwaters to the Balearic Sea. Since the canals construction, the city has adverted many potentially disastrous floods.

Once the Turia was diverted the city was left with a long band of empty space within the city. Rather than selling the land to developers, Valencia chose to utilize the riverbed as a public space.

Today the Parc de Cabecera hosts a variety activities including baseball, soccer, and cycling races.

SECONDARY GREEN SPACE RIO GUADALAVIAR PUBLIC BEACHES POBLATS MARITIMS

BALEARIC SEA

City Character 030

POBLATS MARITIMS GREEN SPACE PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

A GREEN BUFFER

GREEN SPACE

The beaches to the north of Valencia’s harbor are one of the last surviving public beaches of the city. As the harbor has expanded, much of the original coastline has disappeared. This gives our site in Poblats Maritims a great deal of social value as it’s the established place to interact with the water.

Between the recreational marina and the industrial harbor, the city of Valencia has built a buffer of green spaces that help to soften the interaction between the two. This strategy allows for visitors of Poblats Maritims to see the industrial area without feeling as if they are occupying them.

SECONDARY GREEN SPACE BUILDING MASSES POBLATS MARITIMS

BALEARIC SEA

031 City Character

DISTRICTS: POBLATS MARITIMS 1 AMERICA CUP BUILDING Locally known as “Veles e Vents” named after a poem by Ausias March in the 15th century, regarding the strength of the winds.

2 MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS Part of the Port of Valencia, this northern marina is ideal for boats and mega yachts. Proximity to activities and worldwide competitions make this marina area very popular.

1 AMERICA CUP BUILDING 3 HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS A luxury beachfront hotel with classical columns has a lobby bar, a refined brewery, two outdoor pools, a fitness room and a spa.

4 PLAYA DEL CABANYAL The beach attracts a large number of people both in the summer and during the rest of the year.

5 BEACH PROMENADE A leisure walkway along Playa del Cabanyal towards the north it becomes more of the beach itself into Playa del Malvarossa.

6

7

2

6

BOAT FOUNTAIN

MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS

BOAT FOUNTAIN Located near Playa del Malvarossa, this sculpture uses water to mimic the form of a traditional sailboat.

HISTORIC HOUSING A protected historical residential community, that previously was made as a fisherman’s village, now supports many families that identify as Gypsies.

3

HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS

7

HISTORIC HOUSING

4

PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

8

EL CLOT “THE HOLE”

5

BEACH PROMENADE

9 PANORAMA RESTAURANTE

8 EL CLOT The extension of Ave. de Blasco Ibanez would destroy nearly 500 homes. An important building to recognize in this condition is El Clot (the hole).

9 PANORAMA RESTAURANT Located on the north breakwater of Juan Carlos this restaurant has panoramic views of Playa del Cabanyal.

City Character 032

BALEARIC SEA

ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA 6 7

4 8 5

CAMINS AL GRAU L’EIXAMPLE

3 9 1

QUATRE CARRERES

2

033 City Character

DISTRICTS: QUATRES CARRERES 1 OCEANOGRAFIC Largest aquariam in Europe and represents the world’s marine ecosystem.

2 SANTIAGO CALTRAVA Santiago Caltrava is a Spanish Architect, Structural Engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges.

3 THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Designed as an entertainment and cultural based architectural complex for all to enjoy.

1

OCEANOGRAFIC

5

HEMISFERIC IMAX

6

PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFIA

4 UMBRACLE L’Umbracle is a sculpture garden and landscaped walk with plant species indegienous to Valencia.

5 HEMISFERIC IMAX One of the largest halls in Spain with special IMAX screenings of nature.

6 PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFIA An opera house and cultural center designed with dual intention, a multi-hall auditorium and an urban landmark.

7 MUSEU CIENCIES PRINCIPE FELIPE 8 A 21st century science museum with interactive exhibits and an entertaining form. The main objective was to stimulate curiousity and encourage critical thinking.

2 THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

7

MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES

3 THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

8

MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES

4

9PARROQUIA DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION

9 PARROQUIA DE PURISMA CONCEPCION The juxtaposition of Caltrava’s Agora and Assut del Or Bridge in the background while a historic church is in the foreground.

UBRACLE

City Character 034

BALEARIC SEA

ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA

POBLATS MARITIMS

CAMINS AL GRAU L’EIXAMPLE

8

6

7

5 4

3

2 1

9

035 City Character

DISTRICTS: L’EIXAMPLE 1 PLAZA DE TOROS DE VALENCIA Corrida, “bull fighting” is a deeply traditional event often linked to religious dates and festivals.

2 RUZAFA Ruzafa is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of L’Eixample.

The district has been undergoing large scale gentrification, improvements of sidewalks, and support for small businesses all support the increase of rent, developing the a different social fabric than what was there previously.

1

PLAZA DE TOROS DE VALENCIA

3 FAMOUS TAPAS STREETS Carrer del Literat Azorin and Carrer de Sueca have many options for fabulous tapas.

5

BUILDING GRID

4 MERCAT DE RUZAFA A multicolored retro-chic building and a great example of Mediterranean Brutalism dating back to 1957.

5 BUILDING GRID Unique elements that distinguish L’Eixample from Valencia’s other districts is the strict building grid that is followed throughout most of the district.

2

RUZAFA

6 MERCADO DE COLON EXTERIOR 7 An iconic building from 1916. Formally a market, now a hub for exquisite dining and shopping.

6

3

FAMOUS TAPAS STREETS

4

MERCAT DE RUZAFA

7

MERCADO DE COLON

MERCADO DE COLON

City Character 036

BALEARIC SEA

ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA

POBLATS MARITIMS

6

7

1

CAMINS AL GRAU 5

2

3

4

QUATRE CARRERES

037 City Character

DISTRICTS: ALGIROS 1 PLAZA XUQUER Located near the universities, this plaza becomes vibrant with student activity during both days and nights.

2 BELLAS ARTES POLITECNICA On the UPV campus this curved building creates a courtyard and houses the degree of fine arts.

5 UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA 6 Areas surrounding university campuses often develop a character of young and innovative buildings, shops, and squares.

New developments use squares, plazas, and gardens in a similar way of the more historical areas of Valencia.

1

PLAZA XUQUER

3UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA

3 AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ An urban plan has been developed that identifies Blasco Ibanez as a major corridor from the city centre to the coast.

This development had surely created an impact on this area.

4 IBMCP RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology mainly focuses on scientific research on plant development as well as offers educational training.

2

BELLAS ARTES POLITECNICO

5

AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ

6

IBMCP RESEARCH INSTITUTE

4UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA

City Character 038

BALEARIC SEA 3

5 6 4 EL PLA DEL REAL

2

CIUTAT VELLA

POBLATS MARITIMS 1

CAMINS AL GRAU L’EIXAMPLE

QUATRE CARRERES

039 City Character

DISTRICTS: EL PLA DEL REAL 1 ESTADIO DE MESTALLA VALENCIA CF Home ground of Valencia Clud de Futbol with a capacity of 49,500 seats.

2 JARDINES DE MONFORTE A lesser known compact city garden with 3 various plant lifes, abundant marble statues, ponds, and fountains.

Recognized as a Neoclassical style garden with a small palace.

4 AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ The proximity to the city centre and with Aragon Avenue and Blasco Ibanez being important arterial roads, help el Pla del Real become a hotspot of entertainment and activity.

1

ESTADIO DE MESTALLA VALENCIA CF

5 UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA A good neighborhood for students, close to University of Valencia, a variety of housing, both aged and new construction.

6 PALAU DE LA MUSICA Located in the old riverbed of Turia.

Constructed in 1987 and has become one of the examples of the modern architecture movement in Valencia.

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JARDINES DE MONFORTE

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JARDINES DE MONFORTE

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AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ

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UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA

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PALAU DE LA MUSICA

City Character 040

BALEARIC SEA

ALGIROS

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CIUTAT VELLA

POBLATS MARITIMS

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6 CAMINS AL GRAU L’EIXAMPLE

QUATRE CARRERES

041 Case Studies

RESILIENT BY DESIGN - THE BIG U LOCATION: Lower East Side, NYC CLIENT: City of New York ARCHITECT: Bjarke Ingels Group

In October of 2012 the city of New York City was devastated by Hurricane Sandy--the worst storm the city has ever seen. The low lying topography of Lower Manhattan became inundated with sea water from 57th street to The Battery.

This area is home to the Financial District which plays a vital role in the global economy as well as 220,000 of the 1.6 million residents on the island of Manhattan.

In collaboration with New York City, The Big U was developed to protect Lower Manhattan from future floodwater, storm surges, and other impacts of climate change. This proposal does so by implementing a protective barrier around the same low lying area that flooded in 2012 after Hurricane Sandy.

The proposal was conceived as 10 continuous miles of protection tailored to respond to individual neighborhood typology as well as community-desired amenities. The proposal breaks the area into compartments: East River Park; Two Bridges and Chinatown; and Brooklyn Bridge to The Battery. Like the hull of a ship, each can provide a floodprotection zone, providing separate opportunities for integrated social and community planning processes for each. Each compartment comprises a physically separate flood-protection zone, isolated from flooding in the other zones, but each equally a field for integrated social and community planning. The compartments work in concert to protect and enhance the city, but each compartment’s proposal is designed to stand on its own.

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043 Case Studies

NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGY LOCATION: Wageningen, NL CLIENT: NRAAS ARCHITECT: Claus en Kaan

The Netherlands Institute for Ecology is located on the campus of Wageningen University on the Nedderijn River. The goal of the project was to create the most sustainable research institute in the world by utilizing the cradle-tocradle philosophy.

The main building of the institute is divided into three sections. Laboratories are located behind a closed glass façade to grant the researches plenty of natural daylight. Exterior canopies are strategically placed to ensure that sun exposure is limited in the summer.

The central core of the facility houses all program that requires no natural daylight.

In order to fulfill the goal of becoming the worlds most sustainable research facility, the architect carefully selected materials that help make that goal a reality. The building is made from renewable materials that are efficiently produced without the production of harmful emissions. The hull is constructed from durable concrete that was left without chemical additives, solvents, or sealants. Nearly all materials inside and out are FSC and PVC-free.

The palette of wood, glass, steel, flax, and limestone create a streamlined building that is a part of the surrounding landscape.

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045 Case Studies

CENTRO BOTÍN LOCATION: Santander, ES CLIENT: Emilio Botín Foundation ARCHITECT: Renzo Piano

Centro Botín is located in Santander on the northwestern seafront of Spain.

In order to produce a suitable site, the existing Paseo del Muelle highway had to be re-routed into a 200 meter long tunnel. The building now sits atop the tunnel on a site that acts as an extension of the city grid through an existing park and connects the town center to the sea.

The immediate site has become one of the cities most active public spaces and is regularly filled with visitors attending outdoor concerts and film projections.

The building itself is organized into two parts, an east and west wing joined by an elevated walkway that culminates in a platform cantilevered out over the sea. The west wing houses 2,500 square meters of versatile exhibition spaces and galleries. The upper level of the west

wing has a skylight system that allows some of the gallery to be naturally lit with diffused sunlight from the north.

The smaller east wing provides spaces for education, including a 7.5 meter high auditorium with 300 removable seats. The front wall of the auditorium is completely transparent and faces the sea, allowing the natrual backdrop of the horizon to be seen during lectures, plays, or musical performances. Both buildings are raised above the ground on stilts and appear to be covered in fish scales from a distance. The cladding is actually thousands of small ceramic discs that break up the reflected light and provide contrast against the often grey sky.

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047 Case Studies

HUSET SOMAERK SYDHAVN LOCATION: Copenhagen, DK CLIENT: Teglværkshavnen Huset ARCHITECT: Vandkunsten

Since the turn of the century, housing development in the city of Copenhagen has increased exponentially. A growth in demand from Norwegian, German, and English expats has yielded blocks and blocks of new homes and apartments.

Within this long list of new development, the Huset Somaerk Apartments in Sydhaven certainly stand out.

One of the architect’s main concerns while designing this project was to preserve the human scale of the building massing. They did so by organizing the units into four freestanding blocks connected by lawns, docks, and pathways. The diversity in spatial volumes both indoors and outdoors are all oriented and scaled in relation to the human body.

The project sits in the Teglværkshavnen Quay near the Sluseøbet Sound that snakes through the city. The direct connection to water was another factor that was executed masterfully by the team at Vandkunsten. By choosing to site the building in the water rather than near it, the architect was able to create unique spaces for the apartments residents. Each unit is suspended over water level docks that are connected by boardwalks. These interlock with the raised private lawns and public boathouse patio at the end of the pier.

The Huset Somaerk Apartments are an excellent example of how thoughtful siting and massing can help produce a successful project.

Case Studies 048

2 SITE

051 Photo Journal

EXPLORING VALENCIA Our studio had the privilege to travel to Valencia in October of 2017 and meet with Distinguished Regnier Chair, Fran Silvestre. While there we analyzed and documented what we saw around the city, as well as our site in the Poblats Maritims district. Despite having studied the city for weeks on campus, we found that our more profound discoveries were made while walking the streets and experiencing the colorful culture of Valencia firsthand. Each member of the studio visited their site of interest and documented is through sketching and photography. These images help demonstrate just how eclectic and the community of Valencia is--especially within the Poblats Maritims district.

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063 Existing Conditions

CURRENT SITE CONDITIONS Poblats Maritims today is a physical record of its history. One can find buildings from many different eras that tell the district’s diverse and complicated history. Some of the more recent additions include infrastructure and architecture built to accommodate mega-events like the America’s Cup and the Formula One Grand Prix. The facilities provided for these events are now under-utilized and tower over the neighboring buildings.

The site is also home to some of the city’s most active social spaces including Playa del Cabanyal and the public docks the jut into the Balearic Sea. The common denominator between these two spaces is a connection to water for Valencia--a relationship that should be maintained.

FORMULA ONE TRACK

America’s Cup Building - David Chipperfield AMERICA’S CUP BUILDING

America’s Cup Building - David Chipperfield

“El Clot” - Social Housing

Existing Conditions 064

PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

“EL CLOT” PUBLIC BEACH ACCESS

PRIVATE DOCKS

065 Existing Conditions

SITE CONDITIONS + 2°C If current projections are correct, this is what the future of Poblats Maritims could look like without intervention. A 2°C temperature increase will create a change in sea level of +15 feet-submerging the majority of the site boundaries in seawater. While this estimate is conservative, it would still result in the displacement of thousands throughout the city of Valencia. This image shows what could very well be one of the greatest humanitarian issues we will encounter in the near future.

Existing Conditions 066

067 Urban Rules

URBAN RULES Inspired by the book Grand Urban Rules by Alex Lehnerer, these rules were developed in an effort to resolve the pertinent issues identified in the Poblats Maritims district. We were each tasked with applying our set of rules while developing a new masterplan for the area. This use of a predetermined logic will make for a focused and cohesive solution to the issues at hand.

INFILL DEVELOPMENT

EVENT ARCHITECTURE

01 Future development in Poblats Maritims shall be focused to empty lots or in the place of abandoned buildings. This method mirrors the way that the historic Cabanyal district grew over time.

PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIONS

02 No permanent architecture will be built to accommodate for temporary events or needs. Past mega-events hosted in the Poblats Maritims area included buildings and infrastructure that are under utilized today.

03 Poblats Maritims is home to many attractions and social hubs. In order to strengthen the relationship between these amenities, a series of connected pedestrian pathways should be provided with as little interruption as possible.

Urban Rules 068

URBAN PERMEABILITY

GROUND FLOOR USAGE

04 The current urban grid surrounding the Poblats Maritims district is oriented in a way that impedes circulation to the beach. Future development should be oriented with circulation in mind.

BEACH PRESERVATION

05 To maintain an active streetscape, the ground floor of new development should serve a public function. The many cafes, pubs, and storefronts that line the streets of Valencia are the center of social activity, and a key component of Spanish culture.

06 Playa del Cabanyal is one of the most important public spaces of Valencia and is enjoyed by the city year round. No future development should encroach on the current boundaries of the beach to ensure that it remains to be a public amenity.

069 Urban Rules

BUILDING FOOTPRINT

RECLAIM BUFFER LOTS

HOUSING COST DIVERSITY

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$ $$ $$ $$

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07 Any new development in Poblats Martims with more than four floors must surrender a portion of their lot for the use of the public. This space can take the form of a plaza, garden, or seating area.

08 Land parcels immediatly adjacent to Playa del Cabanyal are to be reclaimed by the city to serve as a floodwater buffer. But utilizing these few lots, infrastructure to protect the surrounding area from sea level rise and storm surges can be implemented.

09 New residential devlopment built in Poblats Maritims should offer a diverse range of housing options. Rather than segregating income levels, all socioeconomic demographics will live under one roof.

Urban Rules 070

RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE

10 A new system of protective infrastructure should be implented in order to make Poblats Maritims more resilient against sea level rise and storm surges caused by climate change. Ideally, this system will serve multiple functions and not disrupt urban connectivity.

LOCAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

THE GREATER GOOD

11 Like many parts of the globe, our site has a great deal of potential for renewable energy production. If utilized, much of the energy needs of the district can be provided for. Future development should include facilities to harness this clean alternative energy.

12 All major planning efforts are put in place to accomplish a specific goal. In this situation, all planning decisions should be made in an effort to do the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people.

071 Masterplan

PROPOSED MASTERPLAN The future coastal conditions of Valencia are certain to change drastically given current climate projections. The question isn’t whether or not Poblats Maritims is at risk, but rather if saving the district is even possible. This masterplan proposal was developed through a combination of reality and optimism to determine exactly what the future of Poblats Maritims might become as the effects of climate change come to fruition. As we are beginning to see today, sea level rise will occur gradually over the course of decades. Long before the district is completely underwater it will experience storm surges of increasing strength and damage as the coastline draws closer to the city. With this in mind, a two-stage solution became obvious—a “softline” that helps mitigate occasional storm surges in conjunction with a “hardline” that provides a strong defense and limits how much land will be lost to the rising tides.

In this proposal the “softline” takes the form of a new public green space along Playa de Cabanyal made of water management bioswales. As storm surges occur, this area will slow down the incoming waters and therefore reduce the potential for destruction. Once the tides recede, each bioswale will help flush the area of residual water. This new resilient infrastructure has the added benefit of creating a new social space for the city. A network of pedestrian trails will connect two major hubs of the city— the port to the south and the university to the north. In a similar way, the “hardline” was developed to protect the district while also providing a public service.

Two existing tram stops were connected via an elevated track that doubles as a seawall. By connecting these crucial points the tram line will complete a full circle thus improving the public transit system of Valencia as a whole.

Masterplan 072

STORM SURGE BIOSWALES

ELEVATED TRAM / FLOOD BARRIER PUBLIC BEACH ACCESS

PEDESTRIAN TRAIL

SITE OF INTEREST

073 Masterplan

BEFORE RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE +2°C GLOBAL TEMPERATURE INCREASE

Masterplan 074

AFTER RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE +2°C GLOBAL TEMPERATURE INCREASE

3 PROPOSAL

077 Project Statement

THE SEARCH FOR A SOLUTION The city of Valencia has a long history of disastrous floods since its founding during the Roman era. Historians estimate that in the past seven centuries the city has been submerged over 75 times—the worst of which occurred in 1957. Two days of heavy rain sent water surging down the Turia River which left the city completely underwater. By the time the water receded nearly 100 people had died. The tragedy was so great that the city decided to take action and ensure the protection of its people.

Prime Minister Francisco Franco enacted the Plan Sur which would divert the Turia River from its original path to the south of Valencia.

Through public support and ingenuity the plan was successfully finished in 1973. Since its completion, no major floods have affected Valencia or the surrounding area. That being said, the city isn’t totally free from the threat of incoming waters.

Today Valencia is at risk of coastal flooding due to climate change, and the solution will require the same public support and ingenuity that solved its problems in the past. This section documents my process in developing a program that can accomplish this goal.

Project Statement 078

079 Project Statement

THE PRIMARY ISSUE Mankind’s impact on the planet is indisputable. Since the industrial revolution, we have pumped millions of tons of carbon into the atmosphere and its effects on climate are now being seen. Current climate models predict the global temperature will rise to be a minimum of 2ºC higher than average—a change that will cause sea level to rise by 2.5 meters. If these figures prove to be true, the entirety of Poblats Martitims will be engulfed by the Balearic Sea, and thousands of Valencian’s will be displaced from their homes. This issue isn’t isolated to Valencia by any means.

Hundreds of major cities from across the globe will also be affected by the rising seas, increasing the number for those at risk of displacement into the millions.

This global threat of displacement will undoubtedly require a global response.

For this reason, 170 countries including Spain have pledged to curb the effects of climate change by signing the Paris Agreement in 2016. While the main goal of the accord is to limit global temperature increase to no more than the projected 2ºC, each country is tasked with defining exactly what their role will be to accomplish this. Spain has the opportunity to not only comply with the terms of the agreement, but to lead the effort to protect those at risk of displacement—both in Valencia and across the globe. +4°C OVER AVERAGE +2°C OVER AVERAGE -2°C UNDER AVERAGE -4°C UNDER AVERAGE

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE

Project Statement 080

CO2 LEVELS

CO2 (Parts per Million)

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CLIMATE CHANGE

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081 Project Statement

UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABILTY INSTITUTE While there are many isolated efforts to cope with rising sea levels around the world, only one organization actively develops solutions on a global scale.

The United Nations Sustainability Institute was established in 2007.

Their mission is to “advance efforts towards a more sustainable future through policy-oriented research and capacity development focused on sustainability and its social, economic and environmental dimensions.” This multidisciplinary organization focuses on four areas of study; sustainable societies, biodiversity, global change, and resilience.

Through an important balance of research, education, and outreach, the institute aims to solve some of the planet’s toughest problems.

Currently UNSI is without a permanent home, and their temporary space is inadequate to accommodate for the growing organizations needs.

The three components of research, education, and outreach define the programmatic needs of the institute quite well. The research that UNU-IAS conducts requires laboratory spaces that allow for adaptability and collaboration.

While the majority of education is accomplished through hands-on experience in the lab, classrooms will still need to be provided for periodic use. Lastly, a lecture hall or theatre should be provided so that UNU-IAS can bring their research to the public. By providing these facilities, Valencia will have a clearly defined role in the effort to curb the effects of climate change.

The work done at the United Nations Sustainability Institute will be crucial in the years to come, and will help protect coastal communities around the world from being displaced.

The proposed site for the institute is located near the end of Playa del Cabanyal on the northern edge of the Royal Marina Pier. This connection to major social centers of the city carries with it am opportunity for the institute to present its work and educate the public on the issues that they work on.

Another important factor at this site is the potential for renewable energy production. The proximity to the water makes wind and tidal energy capture methods feasible.

PROPOSED SITE

Project Statement 082

MISSION STATEMENT “We aim to advance the global effort towards a more sustainable future in all social, economic, and environmental dimensions. To do so UNSI will lead research of pertinent issues from around the world, educate the next generation of problem solvers, and act as an advocate for a better tomorrow.”

RESEARCH

GOAL

ADVOCACY

EDUCATION

083 Program

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT While the masterplan proposal helps address some of the immediate issues facing Poblats Maritims, the global issue of climate change will ultimately require problem solving and collaboration on a global scale. The United Nations Sustainability Institute whose goal is to “advance the global effort towards a more sustainable future in all social, economic, and environmental dimensions through research, education, and advocacy.”

These components are crucial to how the institute functions, and are all important in the fight against climate change. By researching the work done by the United Nations Sustainability Institute, a list of spatial needs and program requirements was developed.

The majority of these requirements can be divided into two categories—research core and public outreach.

The research core is the heart of the institute housing the laboratories, classrooms, and offices. Most research is conducted by a team of postgraduate students led by senior team members. To accommodate this, each laboratory is coupled with an adjacent classroom allowing the two spaces to function in tandem with one another.

This connection will allow for the line between education and application to be blurred. Enclosed offices are located directly across from each lab to foster direct oversight from senior researchers while still allowing for privacy. Many members of the research team conduct field work as ecologists, geographers, and hydrologists rather than traditional laboratory research. This means that much of their time will be spent out of the office and only require a dedicated space on occasion. Shared work spaces for these roles are dispersed within the research core to act as a landing space and connect team members with coworkers that they wouldn’t see on a daily basis. On occasion it’s likely that members of the research team would require a more private entry to the building away from public view. When necessary, staff can enter and exit the building via two open-air stairs that connect back to street level.

The main components of the public outreach program are the lecture hall and exhibition space. This is where the institute will make their work accessible to public through film screenings, guest speakers, and special events. Unlike an auditorium or performance venue, the

lecture hall is intended to function as an extension of the exhibition space during the day, and allow for events at night.

This creates the unique opportunity for an open space with less sound and light restrictions. The exhibition space was placed adjacent to and elevated over the lecture hall to allow for a visual and circulatory dialogue between the two. The final component of public outreach program is an observation deck which was centrally placed on the top floor. While this component isn’t crucial to the function of the institute, it will act as a destination point that encourages the public to enter the building. After visiting the exhibition space and lecture hall on their way up, perhaps each person will see the coastline in a new light.

Program 084

085 Program

PROGRAMMATIC DATA Dry Laboratories (6)

4,800 ft2

Flexible Space

450 ft2

Computing Stations

300 ft2

Storage

50 ft2

Wet Laboratories (6)

4,800 ft2

Fixture Stations

450 ft2

Computing Stations

300 ft2

Storage

50 ft2

Classrooms (4)

2,400 ft2

Group Seating

500 ft2

Presentation Area

100 ft2

Conference Rooms (3)

2,400 ft2

Seating Space

600 ft2

Presentation Area

200 ft2

Leadership Offices (6) Private Workspace

900 ft2 150 ft2

Landing Offices (6) Open Workspace

900 ft2 150 ft2

Lounge

1,500 ft2

Seating Area

1,200 ft2

Coffee Station

300 ft2

Resource Library

2,400 ft2

Stacks

1,000 ft2

Reading Area

1,000 ft2

Catalouge

400 ft2

Observation Deck

5,000 ft

Viewing Area

3,000 ft2

Seating

1,500 ft2

Cafe

500 ft2

Program 086

Exhibition Space

7,600 ft2

Gallery

7,000 ft2

Welcome Desk

600 ft2

Auditorium

2,400 ft2

Fixed Seating

1,800 ft2

Stage

500 ft2

Projector Controls

100 ft2

Outdoor Space

2,000 ft2

Green Space

1,500 ft2

Seating

500 ft2

Lobby

1,800 ft2

Open Space

1,000 ft2

Welcome Desk

500 ft2

Security

300 ft2

Support Offices (6) Open Workspace

900 ft2 150 ft2

Service Spaces

12,700 ft2

Energy Production

8,500 ft2

Mechanical

1,500 ft2

Restrooms

1,200 ft2

Storage

1,000 ft2

Custodial

500 ft2

GROSS AREA + 20% CIRCULATION = NET AREA

51,500 ft2 10,300 ft2 61,800 ft2

087 Program

PROGRAM SCALE COMPARISON DRY LABS

WET LABS

OFFICES

CLASSROOMS

CONFERENCE

LOUNGE 1,500 ft²

2,700 ft²

4,800 ft²

EXHIBITION

2,400 ft²

2,400 ft²

4,800 ft²

OBSERVATION

AUDITORIUM

LIBRARY

OUTDOOR

2,000 ft² 2,400 ft²

2,400 ft²

5,000 ft² 7,600 ft²

ENERGY PROD.

MECHANICAL 1,500 ft²

8,500 ft²

RESTROOMS 1,200 ft²

STORAGE 1,000 ft²

CUSTODIAL

LOBBY

1,800 ft²

Program 088

PROGRAM ADJACENCY ENERGY PROD.

LOUNGE

1,500 FT2 CONFERENCE

2,400 FT2 OFFICES CUSTODIAL MECHANICAL

1,500 FT2 WET LABS

8,500 FT2

2,700 FT2 CLASSROOMS

DRY LABS

2,400 FT2

STORAGE 4,800 FT2

4,800 FT2

1,000 FT2 RESTROOM 1,200 FT2

OUTDOOR SPACE

2,000 FT2 OBSERVATION

AUDITORIUM

LOBBY

2,400 FT2

1,800 FT2 EXHIBITION SPACE

LIBRARY

2,400 FT2

5,000 FT2

7,600 FT2

RESEARCH CORE

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ARCHITECTURE

091 Diagrams

PROXIMITY TO WATER The placement of this project will inherently carry a great deal of symbolic value due to the nature of the work being done there. If placed far inland, away from the threat of rising sea levels, it would seem that the institute is declaring any area between it and the coast as a lost cause. This is the absolute last thing Poblats Maritims needs.

The district has a long history of being

deemed not worth preserving by its own city government, and the negative effects of this can be seen in the form of vacant lots, neglected infrastructure, and a disadvantaged population. The alternative to this is placing the project right on the water, on the frontline of sea level rise. This placement coveys an idea of optimism that Poblats Maritims and similar areas around the world can

be saved through a concentrated global effort to reduce our environmental impact. Building in the affected area will make the institute a true “stakeholder” in the issues that they are working to solve. The United Nations Sustainability Institute will have the public presence of a sentinel organization here, keeping it’s eyes on any threat to the Poblats Maritims district and people.

Diagrams 092

ELEVATED PATHWAY Despite the site’s immediate proximity to the sea, there is an existing site element that will allow a protected connection back to the mainland. An elevated pathway on the northern edge extends the entire length of the pier and is above the plane of projected sea level rise. This pathway is occupied by pedestrians only, and is a popular destination to visit due to the expansive views in all directions.

The proximity to the beach makes this strip of land an incredibly active social space for Valencia. By relying on this connection rather than street level, this proposal ensures it’s own longevity regardless the rising tides.

093 Diagrams

SITE VIEWS The most important economic driver for the city of Valencia has always been its port since its founding as a Roman colony in 138 B.C. Since then, the port has continued to sustain the city through disastrous floods, two world wars, and political revolutions. For this reason, the relationship between the sea and Valencia has always been focused on industry. In recent years however the

citizens of Valencia have found another use for it’s coast—recreation. Playa de Cabanyal is one the most active social spaces in the city, and sits just north of the industrial port. The two areas are so close in fact that the shipping containers and cranes to the south form the backdrop of the beach. Between these two areas sits the Royal Marina Pier—a buffer between industrial

and recreational water functions.

The choice was made to place the United Nations Sustainability Institute at this location because of this juxtaposition of how we view our environment.

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PROGRAM DIVISION The majority of this proposal’s program can be placed in two categories--public and private. As previously shown in the adjacency diagram, the two don’t necessarily require a great deal of connection to operate efficiently. This diagram represents an early trial of placing the program on the site with this division represented. Private spaces lay to the east and public spaces lay to

the west, separated by the few program elements that can be shared between the two. While each wing would have no problem carrying out its duties in this arrangement, it became clear that the two should have a meaningful dialogue to make the project successful.

095 Diagrams

CIRCULATION LINK To create a dialogue between the public and private program elements, vertical circulation takes the form of a system of ramps around the perimeter of the project. Floor plates were also shifted to create varying volumes that interlock with the ramp system. This processional path will allow visitors the unique opportunity to not only see the public face of the United Nations Sustainability

Institute, but the behind-the-scenes work done in the research core as well.

As they move through the concourse, different spaces will be uncovered.

Ultimately this move will help UNSI show each component of their work defined in their mission statement including the three drivers of research, education, and advocacy.

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FRAMED VIEWS Views from the observation deck are selectively framed in a way that strengthens and reinforces a core idea surrounding sustainability. To the south, you can see what it looks like to take advantage of our environment for industrial purposes, while to the north you can see the citizens of Valencia enjoying what our environment provides us. Today we are at a crucial point where

we as a global society value more— exploiting our environment for profit or preserving it for future generations.

Visitors will be presented both of these views from the observation deck after passing through the exhibition area with these choices fresh in their mind.

097 Diagrams

STRUCTURE To ensure that each wing of the cantilever is completely rigid, a similar Vierendeel truss that encompasses the majority of the massing is used to achieve the effective depth of structure needed. These exposed members criss-cross throughout the interior space creating a permeable separation between interior spaces and the circulation ramps along the perimeter.

To accommodate for the mechanical systems of the project, the secondary system is made up of castellated beams with cellular openings that can allow air ducts, plumbing, and electrical systems to run the length of the building without the need for additional plenum space.

Atop these members sits a composite concrete deck for each floor level.

Finally, the superstructure loads meet

near the center to be transferred to heavy concrete piers. These piers are partially submerged in seawater—an element that concrete is well suited to withstand.

This structural system will allow for the form derived in concept development to remain pure while ensuring the safety of and longevity of the building.

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FINAL SCHEME Within this building massing are two zones—programmed space in the center and circulation along the perimeter. This is the main formal move of the project and preserving the purity of this massing was the primary goal in the development of the facade systems. In order to achieve this, research into a variety of systems was conducted to find an application that can accommodate for a range in

optical clarity and solar protection. The programmed zone is represented as a mass whereas circulation is represented as void. From the exterior this is expressed with a material palette of anodized aluminum panels and transparent glazing. To maintain continuity, the anodized aluminum appears on each facade—as a primary element to the east and west, and as a

framing element to the north and south.

The choice to represent programmed space and circulation in different ways will allow a great deal of control over the qualities of light and direction of views in the project. Views to the project’s surrounding can be controlled to an extreme degree—selectively withheld in some areas and dramatically revealed in others.

099 Plans & Sections

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TIDAL ENERGY TURBINE

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EXHIBITION SPACE

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LECTURE HALL

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RESOURCE LIBRARY

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FACULTY LOUNGE

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WET LABORATORY

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CLASSROOM

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PRIVATE OFFICE

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Plans & Sections 104

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105 Plans & Sections

1

1

2

THIRD FLOOR 1

CONFERENCE ROOM

2

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES

3

COFFEE BAR

4

OBSERVATION DECK

5

DRY LABORATORY

6

CLASSROOM

7

PRIVATE OFFICE

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Plans & Sections 106

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107 Plans & Sections

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

Plans & Sections 108

109 Plans & Sections

EAST WING SECTION

Plans & Sections 110

111 Plans & Sections

WEST WING SECTION

Plans & Sections 112

113 Plans & Sections

TRANSVERSE SECTION

The lowest level of this proposal is dedicated to service centered program components. This includes mechanical equipment rooms, storage spaces, and areas for waste and recycling bins.

Since these connections are screened by the elevated pathway, the unsightly connections will be effectively screened from view. With advancements in renewable energy capture methods

this level is also suitable for tidal wave energy production. By using the basic laws of fluid dynamics, every wave and change in tides can be turned into electricity. The change in water level creates a change in air pressure in the tidal shaft, thus pushing air through an electrical turbine. As the water recedes, air is drawn back through the turbine in the opposite direction. This action

creates a nearly constant source of power and is more reliable than wind or solar energy alternatives. By utilizing six of these turbines, it’s likely that all of the energy needs for the project can be produced on site, and therefore the United Nations Sustainability Institute will beable to lead the fight for a more sustainable future by example.

Plans & Sections 114

ENLARGED SPATIAL SECTION

115 Facade

FACADE DESIGN During the early phases of this project a dual-cantilevered conceptual massing balanced on an undercut pedestal was developed. Within this massing are two zones—programmed space in the center and circulation along the perimeter.

This is the main formal move of the project and preserving the purity of this massing was the primary goal in the development of the facade systems. In order to achieve this, research into a variety of systems was conducted to find an application that can accommodate for a range in optical clarity and solar protection.

Renzo Piano’s Centro Botin in Santander, Spain was studied for its masterful expression of building circulation through facade treatment. Much like an earlier project of Piano’s the Centre

Georges Pompidou, circulation for the building is pulled to the edges and made visible from the exterior. While in the Pompidou this takes the form of a long enclosed escalator, Centro Botin utilizes a network of open-air stairs and catwalks to connect the interior spaces.

All of the building’s program is clustered into two masses enclosed in facetted shells. Both shells are focused inward with expansive glass curtain walls which allow a direct view to the interior and the activities that transpire there.

The organizational strategy between program and circulation for the UNSI design proposal is very similar to Renzo Piano’s Centro Botin. All building program is aligned down the center of the building, and a system of circulation ramps creates a continuous link around

the perimeter. The programmed zone is represented as a mass whereas circulation is represented as void.

From the exterior this is expressed with a material palette of anodized aluminum panels and transparent glazing. To maintain continuity, the anodized aluminum appears on each facade—as a primary element to the east and west, and as a framing element to the north and south.

The United Nations Sustainability Institute has a diverse program of laboratories, classrooms, offices, assembly and exhibition spaces—each with different demands for daylighting and views to the exterior. In addition to these demands the facade design must also respond to environmental factors like solar heat gains. The northern

Facade 116

facade is composed of transparent curtain framed on top and bottom with anodized aluminum panels. This will allow an immense amount of diffused natural lighting into the building as well as views to the beach from the entirety of the lower circulation ramp.

Both the lecture hall and exhibition space are open to the north as well allowing the panoramic view to act as a backdrop to the activities hosted there.

Apertures to allow northern light and views into the research core occur at regular intervals that are framed by the building’s structure. In order to limit solar gains from the south, the southern facade is much more solid that its northern counterpart. The lower level is clad in the anodized aluminum which represents the programmed space as circulation occurs only on at the level

above. The solid treatment of this zone also helps create a more intimate space in the resource library, as well as conceal the mechanical plinth underneath the research core. The circulation at the second level is composed of transparent curtain wall behind fabric sunshades.

By shading the southern glazing the threat of solar gains is greatly reduced, and views along the upper circulation ramp are restrained until arriving at the observation deck.

The choice to represent programmed space and circulation in different ways will allow a great deal of control over the qualities of light and direction of views in the project. Given the mild and sunny climate of Valencia, there would be virtually no need for artificial light during the day which greatly reduces

the energy demands for the project.

Views to the project’s surrounding can be controlled to an extreme degree— selectively withheld in some areas and dramatically revealed in others. All of this achieved in a system that reinforces the formal drivers of the project.

117 Facade

ALUMINUM COPING STEEL DECKING LIGHT GAUGE STEEL WALL ANODIZED ALUMINUM PANEL

SUPPORT BRACKET

GRATE PAINTED GYPSUM BOARD 6” CONCRETE SLAB CASTELLATED STEEL BEAM TUBE STEEL STEEL HANGER ROD

INSULATED CURTAIN WALL SHELF ANGLE

WIDE FLANGE COLUMN

COMPOSITE DECKING

ANODIZED ALUMINUM PANEL MOUNTING CLIP

STEEL CHANNEL RIGID INSULATION MECHANICAL DUCTWORK SITE CAST CONCRETE

ALMUINUM FLASHING CANTING STRIP ROOFING MEMBRANE

Facade 118

ALUMINUM COPING STEEL DECKING ANODIZED ALUMINUM PANEL

RIGID MOMENT CONNECTION

WIDE FLANGE BEAM PAINTED GYPSUM BOARD MOUNTING CLIP

ACID ETCHED SIGNAGE

GRATE SUPPORT BRACKET STEEL CHANNEL

RIGID INSULATION MECHANICAL DUCT ANODIZED ALUMINUM PANEL

ALMUINUM FLASHING CANTING STRIP ROOFING MEMBRANE

U

119 Facade

Facade 120

121 Interior Architecture

RESEARCH CORE The most important program component in the United Nations Sustainability Institute is the research core which includes laboratories and classroom spaces. Labs located on the second floor are configured as “wet” workspaces while labs on the third floor are “dry”. Each wet laboratory is equipped with water fixtures, direct ventilation, and piped utilities. These amenities will allow for research that involves hazardous chemicals, biological specimens, and controlled experiments. To accommodate for the

tech-based work done by UNSI each dry lab is equipped with high performance computing stations and dedicated spaces for specialized equipment like centrifuges and imaging systems.

Both lab types have storage closets and cabinetry for items like glassware, chemicals agents, and secondary equipment. Classrooms are immediately adjacent to these laboratories to maintain a direct connection between education and research within the facility. The research core is separated from the northern facade by a double

height circulation corridor. This tall volume is completely flooded with diffused natural light during the day which stretches into the research core through a series of glazed openings.

These openings also create a two-way visual connection that allows research staff a spectacular view towards the beach and visitors a behind-the-scenes glimpse at the work being done.

WET LABORATORY

DRY LABORATORY

Interior Architecture 122

123 Interior Architecture

RESOURCE LIBRARY The western wing of the United Nations Sustainability Institute is zoned to “advocate for a better tomorrow” by making the institute’s work accessible to the public. The lower portion of this zone takes the form of a sloped lecture hall and terraced library. The rake of the lecture hall is optimized to provide favorable sight lines to the presentation area and projector screen below. In the library, a series of bookcases subdivides the space into more intimate reading areas that step upward to meet the exhibition space above. This system of terraced reading zones will allow for easy staff supervision over their collections.

Both of these volumes are spatially dynamic with visual connections to the double height circulation corridor and the exhibition space. A transparent wall between the two creates a unique layering of different spaces and program types that includes a view toward the beautiful Playa de Cabanyal. This visual permeability will also allow diffused natural light to enter during the daytime.

Interior Architecture 124

125 Interior Architecture

LECTURE HALL

Interior Architecture 126

127 Interior Architecture

EXHIBITION SPACE A double height exhibition area at the western end of the institute overlooks the lower lecture hall and library spaces. The volume is subdivided by partitioning walls that provide ample space for displaying a wide variety of information produced by UNSI including photographs, documentary films, and graphic data. Three dimensional installations such as interactive models and built prototypes can also be displayed in this space.

Visitors will be able to choose their desired path through the building easily from this point—to take the northern ramp down to the lobby, or to continue to the observation deck via the southern ramp. When a visitor chooses to visit the observation deck, their views to the exterior will obscured as they move up the ramp by the sun screen along the southern facade, and then open up to panoramic views to the north once they arrive.

Interior Architecture 128

129 Model Photos

Model Photos 130

131 Model Photos

Model Photos 132

5 APPENDIX

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