Fiore: Capstone Research Book

fi ore f lo ris t cafe

c a p s t o ne r e s e a r ch bo o k

jaeun julia lee

This book is dedicated to...

my loving parents & my professor, lisa

s t n e t n o c 01 02 03

t projec

ives object y

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tudies case s

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l crit chnica e t & e

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04 ions plorat x e l a opic te & 05 t clima ntext, 06

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g sit existin g zonin

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cum t & do pmen

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ns & ulatio g e r , de sis, co analy

search ject re

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biblio

4

ards

stand

01

project objectives

introduction introduction

A cafe in this modern age means much more than just a place to drink coffee and socialize. There are responsibilities that come with opening a cafe. Such as providing sense of community and the general wellbeing of the users of the cafe. Cafes always served the purpose: allowing people to come together to share information and educate themselves. In addition to learning, cafes provide the public their favored morning drink, coffee.

While supplying a gathering space, cafes also contribute to many other ways in benefiting the community.

Coffee is deeply grounded in many histories and cultures around the world, including the United States.

The earliest presence of coffee found in history dates to the 13th century in Arabia. Through trades, coffee became in demand throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. Coffee was then brought over to the New World and popularized in 1773 after the Boston Tea Party. “By the late 1800s, coffee had become a worldwide commodity…” and its growth in popularity is unending today. The National Coffee Association conducted research about the consumption of coffee in the United States and “consumers [had] spent $74.2 billion on coffee…” Even though the United States consumes so much coffee, compared to the rest of the world, it barely makes a dent in the overall consumption; not even listed in the top 20 largest coffee and usually used in special events.

drinkers in the world. In a similar way and, sharing the same idea of customs and meaning, flowers also symbolize and mark the different life moments and the memories people create daily. Flowers are used symbolically, and usually used in special events. and, sharing the same idea of customs and meaning, flowers also symbolize and mark the different life moments and the memories people create daily. Flowers are used symbolically, and usually used in special events.

Whether it is to communicate feelings of love: a boy giving his date a dozen roses, or for more eventful situations: parents giving graduating child a bouquet, flowers typically indicate a warm feeling that other objects do not.

It is scientifically proven that nature brings positive effects on humans, such as increased productivity and happiness and decreases stress and anxiety. The flower industry is a sevenbillion-dollar industry that serves to help create those special moments.

general general design design goals goals

While they are still being used for this reason, cafes have evolved into different spaces throughout the years with the help of technological advances and globalization. The internet has impacted the world greatly and in the present day the world is run around an information highway called the internet. Since people are constantly on the internet and run their lives on it, most facilities, public and private, have Wi-Fi or other sources of internet. This includes cafes and coffee shops. A great number of cafes offer free Wi-Fi to encourage a purchase and longer stay

There is a term called the “third place”, this space is not necessarily a specific place but rather refers to the in between of home and work.

Many have a difficult time concentrating at work or find staying at home too long comfortable, thus preventing them to work productively.

When this occurs, people retreat to an area where they find it to be more pleasant to stay and concentrate.

One of these third places are cafes.

Studies done by Yulia N. Lukito and Anneli P. Xenia state that “the characteristic of cafes as third space relates to the social interaction occurs at the neighborhood that in terms may enhances quality of life and provide social bounding.” So for those who are constantly on their laptops typing away every minute, there is a relief that is provided in these third spaces.

research goals & Methods

Collecting real-time data and making observations will help prove this idea. Visiting multiple facilities and interviewing users will provide information on the social aspect, while researching with professional journals and organizations will contribute for seeing and understanding the effects of cafes on its users.

When visiting some cafes, they were, for the most part, filled with customers and had a positive atmosphere.

It was apparent what made the facility successful. One reason is the abundant use of daylight. While it is appealing aesthetically, studies show that sunlight and nature increases creativity and motivation. This is crucial when designing when many of the users of the building are coming for that reason. From a sustainability and environmental standpoint using materials that are biodegradable as well as being local will be high emphasized in the project. The other sustainable aspects of the cafe

Collecting real-time data and making observations will help prove this idea. Visiting multiple facilities and interviewing users will provide information on the social aspect, while researching with professional journals and organizations will contribute for seeing and understanding the effects of cafes on its users.

When visiting some cafes, they were, for the most part, filled with customers and had a positive atmosphere.

It was apparent what made the facility successful. One reason is the abundant use of daylight. While it is appealing aesthetically, studies show that sunlight and nature increases creativity and motivation.

positive atmosphere. It was apparent what made the facility successful. One reason is the abundant use of daylight.

While it is appealing aesthetically, studies show that sunlight and nature increases creativity and motivation. This is crucial when designing when many of the users of the building are coming for that reason. From a sustainability and environmental standpoint using materials that are biodegradable as well as being local will be high emphasized in the project. The other sustainable aspects of the cafe The proposed cafe would also promote local small business by selling the plants from the florist shop to other related products that will provide another outlet for those businesses.

Some objectives to reflect on would include looking into merchandise setup design since most of the shop would be filled with these local products.

Looking at how the digital world is affecting how people are working now, providing comfortable, secluded but public seating is required. Keeping it private is important in creating a “sense of place� but the public aspect is to open the space, so any individual does not feel intimidated to stay.

environmental/sustainability objectives & socio-economic conditions

From a sustainability and environmental standpoint using materials that are biodegradable as well as being local will be high emphasized in the project. Nature has a large presence in this project, so bringing awareness to ‘save the planet’ will be done while intertwining the concept of community. Holding events that spread and educate about “protecting our natural environment”.

The other sustainable aspects of the cafe will be through small details such as having recyclable, low VOC and decomposable products. To minimize on waste and materials, the site of the proposed florist cafe will be used as is and making only small adjustments.

The original building site has an abundance of natural light. Using the daylighting, the building will not rely much on artificial lighting and cut down energy use as well as costs.

The site of the building is located in a urban setting. The area the building is set in tends to pull in a higher-end crowd due to the close-by hotel and having the beautiful view of the water.

The local tourist attractions such as Penn’s Landing and Spruce Street Harbor will also attract customers who enjoy a coffee shop environment.

Coffee and flowers are typically priced a higher price points, especially if they are made from scratch. While serving the needs to a mainly middleclass demographic, the space is open to everyone in the community.

CLIENT &

user demographic

The hypothetical client in mind has a strong understanding of sustainable design and has a sociable and open-minded outlook on community. The mission of the cafe to the client will to open a comfortable space where any individual can come and relax without judgment. The client is very active in the surrounding community and holds free or lowcost events that they take part in to unite the public. It is also important to the client to emphasize on the environment and is mainly in charge of the florist shop aspect of the facility.

The main demographic of those who visit cafes are young adults: “22% more likely to be aged 18-24”. Though the popularity in coffee shops are constantly increasing, thus bringing other groups of users. “...the overall percentage of coffee drinkers over the age of 60 jumped from 9 percent … to 13 percent” in just one year.

Keeping this in mind, it is important to create the space to every group using the space so every individual receives the same experience.

The staff and employees of the establishment tend to be in the age group ranging from 18 to 30 years of age. Having staff who are personable and emit excellent customer service is crucial in not only for business but also for “customer satisfaction”.

02

historiography

Today going over a friend’s house or attending local bars for a social function is something most people do commonly and naturally. But where and how did this idea of getting together to socialize start? Social gathering has been around as long as the human race existed. Our first ancestors used to get together in groups for survival, since “...staying alive is a personal quest for any animal [including humans]. It is personal survival that allows it to continue its genetic line.” But most species cannot sustain themselves alone, it usually takes a group to carry and support one another. These groups are referred to as “social groups” While these social groups are mainly used for survival, they also assist in creating a structure of leadership and class. “In addition, the higher the neural complexity of the animal, the higher the complexity of the society”, thus making humans one of the smartest creatures on earth. With the constant evolution and gains of human knowledge, human gathering is now not based solely on survival, but for socializing and interaction. A common place for people to get together used to be the front porches of homes. Neighbors would share local news and gossip while sharing their experiences with one another. This too has since evolved and the local coffee shop is now the place to congregate to interact. Though some people go to “the contemporary coffee shop has become… a setting where we go to do our work, browse the Internet, listen to music, or carry out some kind of activity that entails

little to no interaction with others.”

There is a plenteous amount of people who go to mingle.

Humans possess a cognitive feature that other creatures on earth do not embody. This skill is having a conscience, or having a psychological mind. The human race has advance much more than any other species skillfully and logically. Now in the 21st century, the human race has evolved significantly especially in social patterns. They are able to come together and create unique relationships that other living organism cannot perceive. Whether humans are the smartest animals is debatable, but it is clear that human beings are who run the modern world and are doing so due to the connections created to communicate and to build a strong society, proving humans still inherently need one another. “In the 2006 Canadian census where it was reported that 90% of the population had at least two people per household.” Thus proving that wanting acceptance and having a sense of belonging is deeply-rooted in everyone. Finding symbolism in objects has been done since the ancient times. This practice was extremely common in using statues or carved art to represent their idols.

In this contemporary age, this is done through objects such as a wedding ring, symbolizing marriage and love or flowers which cater to almost any occasion like graduations or funerals.

or flowers which cater to almost any occasion like graduations or funerals.

Different cultures and particular areas of the world characterize the way they gather differently. All over the world, social gathering can even define the culture as a whole or merely used as a way to build connections. “Social practices, rituals and festive events are habitual activities that structure the lives of communities and groups and that are shared by and relevant to many of their members.” An example of this is cèilidh. “...Descended from the Gaelic word for ‘gathering’ or ‘party’...” Origins are from Scottish or Irish and are one of the oldest traditional social gatherings still around today. Maintaining this kind of custom is what generally makes Irish pubs a popular destination for local and cultural entertainment as well as socializing. These events typically include dancing, singing old tunes and, primarily, drinking.

The idea of socialization and social gathering change with time, and with the help of globalization, most developed countries have a homogenous style for this. In the early 1960’s western entertainment started to influence the rest of the world. Other countries in the East such as Japan and China has started to adopt some of these western customs such as sipping on a Coca-Cola or eating a Big Mac at McDonalds. Globalization has connected the world through media

and the continuous advances in technology.

This international development now has evolved in even the way people interact socially and where they gather. Cafes or theaters, historically finding origins in Europe, is where people start to meet up with peers and connect. These facilities are now as common as fast food chains and with the uprising of social media, the ways humans come together and social is constantly being altered.

03.1 visited case study 01

an overview

Vault and Vine is a florist cafe located in East Falls, Philadelphia. The facility is a two-story building totaling up to 3,000 square feet. The building itself was last noted in 1992 selling for $12,000. The newest owner of the building bought the property in early 2017 and demolished and remodeled the structure. Vault and Vine was completed in the summer of 2017. The demographic of the historical neighborhood it sited at is middle-class families, primarily consisting of a caucasian and black population. Considering the budget of the project, from the impressive use of glass and thought put into the miniscule details, the facility justifies a middle to high budget. The architect and designer for this project are Mark Hansen and Peicha Chang, who also happen to be the owners of the shop.

They are a married couple who worked together to accomplish Peicha’s dream in opening a florist shop that brings community together. Peicha Chang is the main owner of the business who previously owned a floral design shop called Falls Flowers and was a designer and manager at Bow Street Flowers in Boston. She and her company, Vine and Vault, takes importance in sustainability, community and small/ local businesses.

Vine and Vault is a prime example of a florist cafe in the Philadelphia area.

Being located in a small neighborhood.

where it is easy for those in the nearby community to gather and also being close to the Schuylkill River, it adds not only a natural value but an aesthetic one too. The facility also administer to the needs of those in the neighborhood by offering a quiet, relaxing place to sit. The clients and users of the building differ depending on their reason of visitation.

Since the facility has two programs: the florist and cafe, the demographics and typical users are distinctive. At the florist shop, the users are generally females ranging in age from their twenties to their mid-forties, and at the cafe side of the store, the user groups are similar with addition to more male and older clients. Vault and Vine is a fairly small facility, thus no more than groups of three are typically together.

The neighborhood Vault and Vine is located at is a suburban, middle-class area right beside the Schuylkill River and the river trail that leads into the center city of Philadelphia. The facility is surrounded by a great number of row houses and a couple businesses right beside it. The orientation of the building is right along the street, so getting onto the property is simple and quick, but a down-side to this is that the buildings in front of it block breeze and some sunlight on the northwest side. Philadelphia is a

temperate region, meaning it gets hot in the summer and cold in the winter.

The site experiences all seasons as well temperatures. Due to being in such a region, Vault and Vine is designed with a cooling air conditioning system as well as a heating system. The one portion of the building that was not well accounted for was the greenhouses.

There are two greenhouses attached to Vault and Vine, one having the actual purpose of being a greenhouse and the other being used as a seating area for the cafe users. A problem that the workers explained about the latter greenhouse is that, especially in the summertime, the heat becomes trapped and is hard to circulate the air even with the help of opening the windows and using electrical fans. Because of this, the greenhouse becomes harder to occupy and feel comfortable in.

The rest of the florist cafe is nicely ventilated and takes consideration into the glass storefront which can create extremely cold or warm temperatures.

Since the facility itself runs on seasonal products such as plants and teas, the temperate region makes the florist cafe a diverse place to try new products and experience current items.

design design concept concept & & style style

The florist cafe was demolished and reconstructed from scratch, thus there is no historical style. Also, since there was a chance to rebuild the facility, the exterior and interiors of the building do not clash in style and nicely blend together. The predominant style on the interior and exterior would be a contemporary style with a mix of industrial while having biophilic elements. On the exterior of the building, the central materials are glass and wood. The wood used on the exterior is in a similar tone of the wood throughout building. Though, once on the second floor, the wood tone becomes more warmer and lighter.

Majority of the glass is used on the storefront and greenhouses, but not much in the actual interiors of the florist cafe. The two materials work well with the temperate climate and in the two years the business has been running, there are no signs of deterioration, except for the main door brass handles that are difficult to clean. The building divided the public and private spaces simply by planning the private areas in the back. This makes it difficult for the public users to enter and creating the public space throughout the rest of the store and having it spacious and open.

The two functions of the facility are separated from each other having the florist shop on the left and cafe on the right if one is located at the front door.

This helps generate less busy traffic flow. Getting around the building is simple, especially since it it fairly small.

Once the user or client goes through the main door, they can either choose to circulate around the floral shop or head straight the cafe. In this case, wayfinding was not necessary since the functions are easily spotted. The only sign was for the restroom. Vault and Vine as a brand is a large advocate for sustainability. While practicing environmentally friendly ways as a business, there was also thought put into the architecture and design as well. The use of natural daylighting are crucial throughout the building and is seen as one of the main light sources.

Also the installation and use of operable windows and using sustainable materials like reclaimed wood are prevalent throughout the building.

interior interior design design

The predominate materials for the interior are similar to those of the exterior: glass, wood and stone. These materials are successful for creating a natural scheme to the overall building.

The colors used throughout the facility continue to be biophilic with tones of brown, green, and yellow/cream and mainly focusing on cool tones. These colors are mainly represented with the idea of renewal and relaxation, which is one key factor the florist cafe wanted to bring to the community. Natural lighting is abundant in the building throughout its open hours, the use of artificial light is sparse and used mainly at the front counters or bathroom.

This use of lighting is successful sustainably due to the decreased amounts of energy that would be used.

A part of the interiors that stands out is the trusses right below the skylight in the center of the building. The wood is well balanced with the bright all-white ceiling. Having concrete flooring offers a cool atmosphere while adding a hint of a modern industrial style inside the store. The quartz countertops are durable and add to the naturalness of the interiors. What gives the store it’s main decoration is the retail merchandising all across the facility. Appealing products that are organized in a way that the products look like they are part of the store.

post-occupancy survey & evaluation greenhouse used for seating tends to get too warm, making it uncomfortable for those users. The users for both functions deemed that the abundant use of daylight is successful and is a “selling” point of the facility.

Based on the feedback from the users of the building the clients as well as the workers agree there could be more room and space. The clients prefer to have more seating areas to enjoy their refreshments, but the employees would like to have more space for storage.

The clients also complained that the greenhouse used for seating tends to get too warm, making it uncomfortable for those users. The users for both functions deemed that the abundant use of daylight is successful and is a “selling” point of the facility.

Overall, Vault and Vine is a wonderful place to relax and rest one’s eye with the sight of beautiful flowers and plants. The small store creates a cozy and comfortable environment, but can cause some issues with circulation and seating when the business starts to become busier, especially in the summer months. The business’s idea that brings in the community and uniting one another is an amazing idea, but the floor (second floor) used to hold these community events are hidden in the back and there is no wayfinding available for those who are interested. The style and color of the interiors is successful in bringing together a florist shop and cafe and does create a fresh environment that anyone would want to spend time in.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1st floor: symmetry PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1st floor: public/private PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1st floor: circulation PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1st floor PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 2nd floor PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT

ED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

03.2 visited case study 02

Tours Les Jours, located in Ellicott City, MD, is a Korean- French inspired cafe.

Opened for business in 2014, this cafe meets all the needs and criteria needed to run a successful cafe/bakery. Tours Les Jours is surrounded by a number of different cafes in a close vicinity, but is known to be the most popular.

Studying the trends and design of this particular cafe will provide important information on what makes a successful cafe.The cafe is only one story tall with an approximated total of 50,000 square feet. The construction budget of the building seems to be a middle budget, since there isn’t a drastic design element or expensive materials used on the building.

The owner and the client of the building is the same person: a businessman who does not spend a lot of time in the cafe, but does come to check up on the status almost daily. The main users are typically middle-class Koreans, since it is located in a highly Korean populated, suburban area. At different times and days, the age groups differ, but being a family-friendly establishment, the age range is large from young pre-teens to the elderly. The use of the building is constant year-round. Purchasing baked-goods and drinks and lounging.

People tend to eat and chat with friends or family. There are private rooms where meetings or small parties go on. Customers who sit typically spend from 10 minutes to an hour. Students come to study ranging from 30 minutes to 2 hours. There is no gender

that seems to use the facility more, a ratio of 50:50 of female to male. Big parties of 4 to 7 are very common due to the large gathering rooms/ spaces provided inside the cafe. Tours Les Jours has a temperate climate and experiences all four seasons. In the winter, the cafe tends to become uncomfortably cold due to the large storefront glass windows with no effective insulation and the lack of a vestibule to prevent cold air from coming in. The building was positioned so that in the morning, especially in the summer, natural daylighting hits the front of the building directly. The issue with this is there is a tendency for glare and overexposure on the furniture.

an overview

design design concept concept & & style style

The design style of the exterior is an contemporary mix of an old-fashioned french bakery, utilizing heavy amounts of glass. The exterior material choices used fit in well with the interiors of the building. Having a glass storefront allows for customers to look through and, in a way, the interior becomes a part of the exterior as well. For the interiors, the concept of a frenchbakery is the same but with more modern colors, material applications and furniture choices. These material choices are not affected by the climate or region location of the building, but rather for the aesthetic value. There is only one floor to the cafe, this causes problems when the store starts to overcrowd. The building being shaped rectangularly makes the building seem longer and allows for comfortable circulation as well as a good view of the overall shop. Separation of the public and private spaces is effective in that the customers of the cafe cannot easily access the private areas of the building. The wayfinding throughout the building is successful in that there are signs across the store. From the outside, the structural system is not obvious, large columns make up most of the visible structure. Unfortunately, when looking at the sustainability aspect of the cafe, there are

sustainable design principles that led the project. Most of the materials are new, nothing that suggests being recycled or refurbished. In addition, even with the abundant amount of daylight in the space, all of the artificial lighting is still used. to male. Big parties of 4 to 7 are very common due to the large gathering rooms/spaces provided inside the cafe.

interior design interior design post-occupancy survey Utilizing tremendous amounts of materials such as wood, stone and upholstery with a soft appearance create a relaxing and comfortable vibe. Using wood and neutral tones like green and yellow are appropriate to provide a comforting atmosphere.

Though some customers did have complaints about the tones of green chosen, saying it appeared to be outdated. FF&E presented throughout the space go along with the frenchbakery aesthetic and color-scheme of greens and browns. In order to maximize comfort, the use of lounge furniture upholstered with wool-like material was common as well as soft, warm colored downlighting that not only created a type of intimacy for the users under the light, but also providing another light source. The amounts of artificial lighting used was only appropriate when it came to after sun hours. Even throughout the day with high amounts of natural daylight, the artificial lighting continued to stay powered on and did not have any beneficial effect. The colors and materials did most of the decorating for the space, but images of baking, bread or other similar themed images were framed throughout the store.

In this area there are 4 other cafés like this one. But the reason people like it here over the other ones is because of the atmosphere, spacious seating arrangements and the quality of the food and drinks. The users of the cafe stated that the building’s best features are the seating by with storefront windows because of the nice ambience it gives off and the wellorganized and ‘cute’ aesthetic of the cafe. The users would like to change some of the seating choices since they are uncomfortable to sit in for a long period of time. The lighting during the night is a little straining with too many yellow lights. Users would also like if the cafe would provide more outlets.

Some of them were in odd spots, such as the ceiling, and 99% of their clientele use technology when visiting the store.

Some people said they would like the place to be even bigger because they never find a place to sit. There were comments on how the green used in the store looked outdated.

evaluation Natural daylight is appealing and makes the space more ‘alive’. The acoustics are terrible and when the shop gets busy, it is extremely hard to hear the person across from you. The shop got very cold to the point it was uncomfortable. More seating options were also needed such as having a second floor would help with variation and amount of seating options tremendously.. The French-inspired concept was only applied in the store area and in the lounging area, it is not as evident. The selections of material and color are successful in bringing in customers who may only go to the cafe for socializing or studying, thus wanting to make them feel pleasant inside the space. Unfortunately, none of the materials look to be sustainable or local to the area. On one shift there was five to seven people on staff including the janitorial staff. Daily averages to 250 customers. Weekends get much busier, making the people coming in up to 350~400 customers a day. The amount of space given inside the cafe is appropriate: the back kitchen has more than enough space to allow big carts used to move the baked goods to the front of the shop. Although the

bathrooms seem a little too big and could have used that extra space to allow for more seating spaces since there usually is not enough seats at certain times. All the materials were the basic ones to use on a building such as paint on drywall. No major design elements that had materials hard to clean. The overall environment of the cafe was comforting, just missing a certain qualities that would make the space more successful.

symmetry

private vs public

Kitchen

03.3 research case study 01

an overview

Located on the south sea coast of China, Dougguan, the Nous Restaurant & Flowers is a facility that holds both a restaurant and flower shop. The 240 sqm (2583.34 sqft) building is home to a unique concept that ties together “the relationship between floral and dining in visual, functional, and emotional ways.” The designers of this project, a Shenzhen-based group; 0321 Studio, wanted the restaurant and flower shop to connect the building with the users of the building in a new way. They said that ““The design concept proposes to rethink the necessity of easily recognising a restaurant from the outside,”...” This concept is to reconsider a dining experience with intense visual properties. They performed this mainly through their use of materiality and completed the interiors of Nous in 2018.

Nous is the first, of hopefully many, dining service to challenge the region and experiment more with their cuisine.

The owners emphasis on “dining in a visual, functional and emotional way” and this is done by enticing senses throughout the restaurant. The neighborhood that Nous is located at is the Dongcheng district. The highclass urban setting of Dongguan is occupied with rail lines which are balanced with the many public parks located around the city. Dongguan is in a humid subtropical climate, meaning that during the summer season it is humid and hot and in the winter seasons, it is chilly. This climate influences the building’s design by making sure the material choices do not get moist easily and create mildew or mold. Besides those reasons, the building seems not to pay close The substantial use of the pink glass attention to the region and location. and the dark grey terrazzo justifies the project to have a high budget, the two materials are costly especially because they are highly customized.

While the owner of Nous Restaurant & Flower is unknown, it is recognized that the owner sees importance in the connection of their location to food. In Dongguan, the main food served there is Cantonese food.

design design concept concept & & style style The overall concept of Nous Restaurant & Flower is “to rethink the necessity of easily recognising a restaurant from the outside...� This is done by creating a bold pink translucent box that vaguely displays the insides of the building. The flashy contemporary look is completed on the exterior as well as in the interiors of the facility.

The pink glass is repeated as a motif throughout the space and seem to flow into one another. On the exterior, the main materials used are the pink glass and pink stone tile that covers half of the facade. Nous is a two-story building where there are dining spaces on both floors. The first floor only allows for a view of the floral part of the building. Private and public spaces are divided equally on each floor, not interfering with each other and put on a side on the building. The heavy use of bold materials along with limited decorations causes the wayfinding to be difficult, especially for signs since they would not stand out. Even though the wayfinding is difficult, the circulation of the facility is simple due the building’s open plan and allows the interior to flow throughout the space.

interior design As mentioned previously, the use of the pink glass and terrazzo is what the interiors of the building is comprised of. Additional usage of upholstery for the seating is arranged, but blends in well with the dark gray terrazzo that is on the walls as well as the floors of the facility. The selection of materials are successful in that they have demonstrated the concept. The dark gray terrazzo mixed with large white aggregates create a stimulating pattern to the eye and definitely proves to generate a visual experience just by being in the room itself. The pink glass adds dimension to the terrazzo and helps split up spaces such as the stairs as a “vertical traffic tool� and floral shop.

Throughout the restaurant portion of the building, the furniture choices seem to purposely make it be to like they

are blending in with the terrazzo and not compete with the materials since they are very simple and minimalistic.

Even though they are simple, the furniture is still taken in consideration for comfortability; such as the thick fur blanket banquet seating. Lighting throughout the space mainly consisted of natural light during the daytime, which creates an appealing pink light from the glass and makes the dark gray room appear lively .

When it comes to artificial lighting, which was consulted by AGN, the restaurant has installed inlay fixtures that cover the entirety of the ceiling.

There are little to no decorations around the building such as the one clock by the dining staircase. The minimal decor is to bring attention to the materiality and enhance the new dining experience Nous is conveying.

evaluation Nous is a dining facility as well as being a fresh visual experience. I would say, is very successful in that the minimal use of materials and high contrast in those materials perform to stimulate the eyes, even through images. The floral part of the facility creates a substantial divide between the public entrance and the new dining experience. Though the flower’s only purpose was for aesthetics, they helped serve as a vestibule between the public world and the new visual stimulation that is yet to come.

The building meets all the needs as in programs, such as the kitchen, dining spaces and restrooms. This project was successful conceptually and functionally.

Vertical/Horizontal

public/private

1st floor: balance

2nd floor

1st floor

Dining Area (2nd)

Private sector, restroom

Eat

750

Dining (1st)

Flower Area

Eat

1000

Flower Area

Dining room (1st)

Visual appeal

800

Private Sector

Dining room (2nd)

Kitchen, offices, admin.

1500

Restrooms

Dining room (2nd)

Restroom

40

03.3 research case study 02

an overview

The 37 degrees White flower shop in Changshu, China is a prime example of a florist cafe that “...can bring psychological touch of cool to the customer at any time.” Also called Miss Sun, The 1937.5 sqft (180.0 sqm) flower shop consists of two stories and a mezzanine floor. The architects and designers for this project are the D+space Design studio, the project was finished in 2017. From size and appearance of the building, 37 degrees White justifies a high construction budget. “The location of Sun’s flower shop is in Wanda Plaza of Changshu…” which is filled with various shops such as a highend clothing stores and restaurants.

Miss Sun’s flower shop is located in a urban setting of Changsu in the Jiangsu province. Changsu is a significant historical city as well as an important trade port. Changsu is not far from Shanghai (100 km) and has many transportation connections from the major Chinese city. The city of Changsu is the home to 1.24 million mainly middle-class citizens. The city is constantly developing in a cultural and and economic way. Tourist benefit the city by bringing in visitors from all over the world and part of the success of the tourist culture there is due to the weather and temperature of Changsu. At an average of 15.4°C (60°F) throughout the year, Changsu has a mild climate, but tends to rain often, especially

in September. Throughout the year sunlight is abundant, especially in the summer months and get about 200 hours of daylight a month. This is ideal White because plants and other greenery depend highly on sunlight for their survival. Other than this, the climate does not affect building.

design concept & style The concept of the flower shop is to bring out and emphasize the plants in the store by using an all white interiors to contrast against the vibrant colors of the greenery. For the exterior, only a portion of the storefront is exposed since it is part of a large shopping mall. The mall building itself is made from what appears to be glass and a reflective plastic facade. The design of the facade and the mall itself fits into the surrounding area, since it is located in a developing city slowly being filled with more modern architecture. The floors are divided into functions: the first floor is used “mainly for communication”, the mezzanine floor is used for “display and sales of hand-dress...” and the second floor is used for staff

spaces. The circulation of the building is straightforward with an open floor plan that allows the users of the space to wander around in their own accord.

Considering the wayfinding of the space, there are no obvious or immediate symbols that are noticeable. But the contrasting use of materiality against the stark white interiors help with finding various functions in the space.

The stairs, which are a large element in the building, signify a separation of functions since once the users go up the space, the cafe is evident. Each floor gets its own function so there are no specific grouped adjacencies to the floors. The private floors are on the top whereas the public areas of the shop are on the first floor and the mezzanine.

interior design

The predominant interior materials is mainly concrete that cover the floor and walls. Other detail materials include metal for the stair railing. The material choice for this flower shop is successful in that the concrete creates a simple and clean base for the interiors that is meant to be decorated with the plants.

The choice of concrete is also a popular trend that is seen in many modern and contemporary buildings. The lighting fixtures throughout the store are mainly spotlighting that lights up the store well and puts necessary attention on the display items of the store.

Daylight is not used as a source of light. The store has no obvious windows and relies heavily on artificial lighting.

Furniture, predominantly seen on the

mezzanine and second floor, of the store is to resemble the stair railing which is a square grid (a common motif seen throughout 37 degrees White flower shop.) As seen in the chairs, the backing is made-up of a metal grid that is upholstery with a cushion for the seat and the display boxes that have that same pattern engraved on them. 37 degrees White flower shop has a monochrome palette, with the stark white the engulfs the building, but the use of pink and other warm toned colors help liven the room, with the help of the plants displayed in the store. The sustainability aspects of the shop is largely ignored, relying highly on artificial lighting and unmentioned sustainable features.

evaluation

37 degrees White flower shop is overall a successfully designed building that fits into the trends of today and supplies all the needs for a florist shop. The idea of using a white “background� and highlighting the plants against the contrasted white is an effective way in terms of merchandising design. When it comes to the the needs of the users, some things seemed to be ignored to fit into the aesthetics of the store like how furniture seem to fit less of the needs of the users and more of the aesthetics of the store. Also daylighting, for a flower shop, having a natural light source is not only beneficial to the plants livelihood, but also for the workers of the shop since daylighting is proved to bring happiness and relieve stress. Relying too much on artificial lighting is sustainability concern due to the high usage of energy. Other than the mentioned negatives, the store successfully split up the functions of the spaces effectively and does not confuse the users of the space.

circulation

private vs public

1st floor

2nd floor

Display

Cold Storage

Shop

50

Cash Bar

Creative Space

Eat

90

Cold Storage

Display

Storage

300

Creative Space

Gathering Space, Cash Bar

Florist

150

Gathering Space

Cash Bar

Eat, Socialize

400

Clothing Display

Locker Room, Restroom

Shop

350

Locker Room

Restroom, Clothing Display

Storage

100

Restroom

Clothing Display

Restroom

100

Staff/ Offices

Creative Space

Private Space

300

04

qualitative and technical criteria

introduction introduction

Each and every space requires Looking deeper into designing a florist cafe, there are certain restrictions as well as physical needs that create a successful environment. To name a few, how high a table should be for it to comfortable or distances for the space to be ADA accessible. A space that is does not fit the needs for what it was intended for is unsuccessful and thus these criteria should be put into high consideration in the process of design.

interior considerations: furniture, material, finishes & equipment A florist cafe has two programs, the florist shop and the coffee shop. These two different spaces contain distinctive requirements in order to supply and produce the goods that each shop provides. In the floral shop, the space is a retail area where standing and walking is common. Thus, providing countertops and heights that anyone can reach is necessary. Standard counter height must have a maximum height of 36 inches from the floor in order to comply with the American Disability Act (ADA). The minimum clearance for a clear way is 32 inches with a door and 36 inches without a door in order to have clearance for a wheelchair.

When designing for a coffee shop with seating, giving multiple options for seating is important. Since not everyone shares the same comfortability of sitting in one seat compared to another seat. Materials used in each space must be fitting to the concept of the space, thus having a relaxing and comforting effect on the users. The cafe will have the most foot traffic, especially in the mornings and early afternoon.

Due to this, having durable flooring and counter materials is essential.

Along with the heavy traffic use, constant cleaning must be done in dining spaces for optimal service. So installing materials that do not wear out easily or deteriorate with chemical or water use is crucial. For the florist shop aspect of the facility, making sure there is enough sunlight as well as providing a sufficient environment for the plants to grow will require a heavy amount of glass, and will be costly. The flooring of this part of the building will require a material that does not break down with water. To make sure that the plants and the people in the florist cafe do not get sick, using low VOC and sustainable materials will be necessary.

ergonomics In a florist cafe there are various types of people using the space. Such as the baristas, customers, florists and bakers. In order to provide maximum comfort and ease, designing with anthropomorphics and proximetrics is key. The human dimension and mind require specific needs in relation to design. In a dining service creating enough spatial boundaries is done by providing at least 30 inches of walking space and giving enough space from table to wall; minimum of 100 inches.

In a bakery, providing adjustable height tables would benefit different height in workers. In the floral space, making sure equipment is properly working and is able to be used by all workers: from grip width and weight. In this same space, where there will be a retail store, restocking will be a large aspect of the job requirements, thus installing comfortable heights of the store stock will reduce stress on knees and arms. Ergonomics is crucial to the way people work and live, and so is designing based on the human body and universally. Making sure there is enough space and distances will prevent future accidents and give people the personal distance they prefer.

lighting, sustainability & acoustics Lighting is crucial when inside both a sit-down cafe or a flower shop. In a cafe, spot lighting is great for bringing attention to what is on the table and the menus at the front counter. Keeping the space bright and correctly specified is important in retail and food since the color of the light can affect the color of the object it is lit on and how it is seen by the human eye. Aside from artificial lighting, natural light plays an important role as well. Bringing in natural daylight can come from skylights, light shelves and windows.

Bringing in this light is actually more preferable to most people due to the calming qualities and the amount of energy and money it can save from relying on natural light. During the day time is when the store would maximize its use of natural light, but when it comes to the night time, use of artificial lighting is necessary. These lights can be controlled automatically by setting up a system that alters the amount of light needed in a space or manually with the installation of window treatments.

Keeping the space sustainable is highly reliant on the materiality of the building, using materials such as reclaimed wood, recycled glass and textiles that are up to Declare and other environmentally conscious labels. Using materials and furniture upholstery that are low- VOC will assist in keeping the building away from SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) and healthy.

Indoor air quality can be sustainable by utilizing alternative ways of cooling and heating the building, such as geothermal floors or chilled beam ceilings. LEED is a consideration for this project type due to the heavy use of nature in the space from the floral shop .

Acoustic privacy is a common problem in coffee shops due to the crowds that come in the morning time and mid-afternoon. To help alleviate this problem, creating personal booths where a person or party can be in their own separate room without all the extra noise or disturbance. The careful selection of materials can have an effect of acoustics by calculating the amount of sabins of the materials. Acoustic wall paneling or acoustic ceiling element will absorb sound. Another option is to cover the noise with background noise like a waterfall or fountain.

visual control, wayfinding & security The need for visual control is where the two programs of a florist cafe meet or finding a specific space. A way this is achieved is thought visual signs.

Without the use of words and other written directions, the user of the space can be guided with ease. For the workers of the space, providing communication boards where it allows for them to read all at once prevents confusion.

Other signs such as wayfinding signs and instructional signs can be done with graphics and images instead of text. For the customers, having a menu and prices hung above can be a self-explaining control.

The use of signage and hung elements are mainly of how wayfinding will be supported in this facility. In order to make this readable by all people, requiring that “... interface elements be placed between 15 inches and 48 inches from the ground.� is ADA code.

To make the space more interactive and fun, there will be wayfinding through the use of materiality and color, but there is a large population who cannot see well or distinctively.

In order to relieve this problem the materials will be large scale patterns or highly contrasting colors.

Due to the program of the building and to account for any situation, taking precautions at the cafe and store counter will be done. A button that relays back to the police will the put underneath work countertops and cameras will be installed in case of theft. The entrance and egress doors will be installed with alarms and have an automatic lock system in case of emergency.

Universal Design, ADA and Code

The diagram above shows all the necessary dimension and minimum spatial requirements for a bar counter and its surroundings. These are just the minimum and to be ADA compliant at least 36 inches are needed for a walking space and at least 36 inches for a wheelchair turnaround behind or in front of the bar counter.

The on the top left shows the required dimensions for someone who is in a wheelchair to go through a hallway/ space. The bottom two disgrams represent the minimum and maxiumum heights for reaching for a item on a wall or shelf.

05

topical investigation

introduction introduction

Humans spend approximately 93% of their lives indoors, thus creating spaces that serve the building’s purpose successfully is vital, but what is even more vital is designing a space that stimulates the users inside it and creating an experience that the users will appreciate. This applies to all building types and programmes, like a florist cafe. While the ideal florist cafe have comfortable seating, delicious refreshments and appealing aesthetics, it is only through carefully researched design choices, that are universal to everyone, that contribute to those characteristics.

human centered design Studying the behavior and norms of those who enter a space such as a florist cafe, there tends to be an already established idea of quietness. While the typical cafes and coffee shops in the city tend to get extremely loud and boisterous, the greenery of the floral shop suggests users to be impassive and relaxed. This is party because of the symbolism of the color green: such as being a color of remedy and healing. When examining the common behavior of this type of space, most users enter with the idea of either dining in peace or shopping with not too much difficulty, making the florist cafe somewhere where those users can relax and enjoy their time.

In order to create such an environment, looking solely on floor planning, things such as spatial arrangement and perception of space are crucial. Spatial arrangement, defined as the words suggest, is how different areas are put together in accordance of their programs and use.

This is critical is creating comfortable and non-invasive environments for the users, they “... should always be orderly, guiding customers and employees in a logical progression from space to space…” and creating barriers that suggest private or public areas. Social scientist have created a system called “fields and barriers”. The fields refer to the “shapes, size, orientation and environmental conditions.” while the barriers are the “...walls, screens, symbols and objects.” To give a visual for this, imagine being inside a cafe and having to sit in a seat right by the restrooms. This would cause ultimate discomfort by the constant traffic that is disruptive and uneasiness of eating or drinking near such a facility. To improve this hypothetical situation, creating a barrier will a partition wall or orientating

the seating differently would provide a much more comfortable experience.

So creating these boundaries are what will ultimately help influence the space.

Perception of space is another key aspect while designing. Every user has their own definition of comfort and relief, which is tied into the “psychological impact of design elements” and how those users react to them. Edward T. Hall, who is the author of The Hidden Dimension explains that there are two categories that users react to. These categories are the distance receptors… used to examine faraway objects and sensations” and then the “immediate receptors… [which] enable the experience of touch and the perception of such diverse sensations as temperature, texture, hardness and shape.” These receptors allow for users to understand an area sensually. Distances are key when designing commercial and public spaces. Since most people have a distance of comfortability, depending on the situation. While cafes are an ideal place to communicate and spend time with loved ones, not everyone using this particular space is there for that exact reason. Some users come to enjoy alone time or even to focus on work in a different environment. Catering to all these different users start with understanding what the appropriate spaces are and the separation of those spaces. Public distances are usually 12 feet or more, while personal distances are 18 inches to 4 feet. These distances, to most people, are what feel is needed in order to feel safe in that certain space. Thus, carefully referring to these measurements during the design process will outcome with improved quality of space.

visual control, wayfinding & security Natural daylight is a common desire for both the florist and coffee shop. Natural light is needed in order to maintain the plants, since one of the ingredients of caring for a plant is sunlight. But the psychological connection that natural light has with humans is often warming and refreshing. Daylighting is known for its health benefits such as “...increase occupant productivity and comfort, and provide the mental and visual stimulation necessary to regulate human circadian rhythms.”

This is ideal for a coffee shop and florist because daylighting provides alleviating effects, which draws customers into the store and want to stay, resulting in a purchase. Looking into the merchandise that is sold in the floral shop, daylighting adds a pleasing appearance that artificial lighting cannot achieve. This idea is phycological by having more trust in natural light “... firmly believing that the appearance things have in broad daylight is their true one, and that any other effects created by artificial light are somehow deviation from the norm.”

Natural light benefit the environment by sustainably saving energy. The U.S. Department of Energy stated that 15% of all electricity is consumed through lighting buildings, by utilizing daylight, the usage of energy would decrease, which is not only a sustainable change, but also a money-saving move. Natural light is filtered with either glass storefronts that allow for a direct source of sunlight or skylight which light up the whole building with the option of cutting back on glare and

and heat, which are common problems that accompany daylight. Though natural light is an influential part of this design, the seldom use of artificial lighting aids with wayfinding and identifying spaces of importance.

Utilizing warm lights will be ideal for a florist cafe by imitating daylight, but also warm colors such as rose red makes food and drink appear more appetizing.

Looking into color, a florist cafe is already filled with it without even having to design. Plants offer ...seemingly limitless variety of colours and forms.”

They cover the whole spectrum from reds, oranges, yellows, blues, greens and violets. Thus not to clash with the already vibrant colors emitting from nature, the florist cafe itself must be more toned-down in color and stick mainly with neutral and nature inspired colors like browns, creams and grays. This can be done using natural materials such as stone and wood.

Doing so, the plants will appear more vivid and offer interior decorations.

Natural colors further provides comfort with them having psychological properties of creativity, emotional strength, balance, rest, and warmth.

“distance receptors… used to examine faraway objects and sensations” and then the “immediate receptors… [which] enable the experience of touch and the perception of such diverse sensations as temperature, texture, hardness and shape.” These receptors allow for users to understand an area sensually.

Distances are key when designing commercial and public spaces.

Since most people have a distance of comfortability, depending on the situation. While cafes are an ideal place to communicate and spend time with loved ones, not everyone using this particular space is there for that exact reason. Some users come to enjoy alone time or even to focus on work in a different environment. Catering to all these different users start with understanding what the appropriate spaces are and the separation of those spaces. Public distances are usually 12 feet or more, while personal distances are 18 inches to 4 feet. These distances, to most people, are what feel is needed in order to feel safe in that certain space. Thus, carefully referring to these measurements during the design process will outcome with improved quality of space.

biophilia

Biophilia, the “...idea that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life.” or like Edward O. Wilson, who is a well-known for his writings in science and has won many awards like the Pulitzer Prize, defines it as “the innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes… to the degree that we come to understand other organisms, we will place greater value on them, and on ourselves.” In order to successfully design for human interaction and maximum comfort, understanding where humans came from is essential. As the evolution theory and most other theories on the start of human life, human beings have originated in nature. Every natural organism or form always reverts back to their original state, or what they are used to, and in this way, humans have a deep connection with nature that often impacts how they work and interact.

“Nature restores mental functions in the same way that food and water restore bodies. The business of everyday life… is depleting, and what man-made environments take away from us, nature gives back. Now that greater amounts of people are moving to urban areas, more people are being less exposed to their natural elements.

The United Nations predicts that 60% of the world will be living in a urban setting by 2030. As commonly seen in large metropolitan areas and megacities, the amount of greenery and parks do not provide enough relief to those living there and “prolonged exposure to urban environments leads to decreased productivity in the workplace.” That is

where biophilia steps in and provides those outdoor green spaces in interior spaces. Biophilia has impacted the design industry at large. With recent increased interest and development in sustainability, the association of people with nature has now become a basis for many designs seen today.

Biophilia has many positive attributes such as relieving physical and mental health, increasing productivity, and energy and money savings. A common problem in the workplace in the United States is that due to low productivity, the business results in “significant costs” and “According to the The Economics of Biophilia, today productivity costs are 112 times greater than energy costs in the workplace.” A study done by the US Department of Labor states that “10% of employee absences can be attributed to architecture with no connection to nature.” Biophilia also increases mood and reduces anxiety and stress. Living in urban environments, “there are many benefits… high levels of happiness are not among them.” Wherever nature and greenery is abundant, there is a higher rate of well-being and as humans nature is mixed in with our psychology stated by scientist Gregory Bratman.

There was a study done in Japan that resulted in showing that those “who walked in forests has significantly lower heart rates and higher heart rate variability” Similar experiments were done around the world, and the same results came out: that nature make people less stressed and more relaxed.

The connection between humans and nature is vital for not only general well being, but also to create beneficial environments for those using it.

06

existing site, context, climate & zoning

introduction introduction

For a successful design, all things must be considered; including the site of the building itself. Understanding the site can be beneficial for not only the structure of the building, but also helps designing for the community that is already established there. The site of this building is located at 140 N Christopher Columbus Blvd. and is currently home of the FringeArts and La Peg and, right next to the Ben Franklin Bridge and Delaware River. Considering the neighboring buildings and environments of the site, the design of the building will be influenced and thus naturally fit into the already existing setting of the site.

climate The site of the building is located in the city of Philadelphia. This urban setting is on east coast of the United States. This part of the United States is in a temperate region, meaning it gets cold in the winter months and hot in the summer months. The architectural style of Philadelphia can be classified with many time periods. Being a historic city (being the home of the Declaration of Independence and the Liberty Bell), the oldest buildings are designed in the style of Greek Revival which was a style used on important American buildings like the Second Bank of America.

With recent city developments, there are a sizable amount of modern and contemporary buildings being built such as the second Comcast building.

Many of the buildings in Philadelphia do not surpass 167 meters due to

the old height restriction or the “gentleman’s agreement” which did not allow buildings to be built higher than 548 feet (167 meters) .The materiality as differs throughout the city. The older buildings dating back from the 1800’s and 1900’s are made from simpler materials such as brick and wood. The newer and modern buildings tend to be constructed from new materials improved through technology such as steel, glass and recycled materials.

The influence of the climate does not seem to influence the current style or architecture of Philadelphia, but more based on currents trends and seeing more green spaces or open spaces for users to come together.

Urban settings are lacking in natural elements that humans desire due to their innate connection to nature.

city Philadelphia, also known as the city of brotherly love, has a population of 1,580,863, mainly consisting of Black or African American (42.9%) and White (41.3%) origin with a smaller Asian (6.9%) and Hispanic or Latino population (13.8%). This make Philadelphia one of the biggest cities in the United States. The median household income in Philadelphia is $39,770 (2016) with 59.8% of the population in civilian labor force.

Having a large African American and Black population creates a diverse yet divided city. Most of this said group are located in North and South Philadelphia while most of the White population are located in Center City, Northeast and Northwest Philadelphia and now moving into other areas, especially due to the high levels of gentrification of the city changing the

demographics of certain areas in the city. Philadelphia, being a historical city, keeps most of its previous architecture, such as factories and old commercial buildings, and incorporates it with the modern world. The mixture of different architectural styles makes the city of Philadelphia unique and beautiful.

Using this characteristic of the city is beneficial to bring the users of the site something they are familiar with as well as providing homage to the previous architecture provided and embracing the history of the city.

Temperature in Philadelphia is based on the season of the year. During the hotter months (May 30 to September 16) has an average daily temperature of 77 degrees fahrenheit and during the colder months ( December 2 to March 7) has an average daily temperature of 49 degrees fahrenheit.

neighborhood & street The current building on the proposed site is in Penn’s Landing, Philadelphia.

This site is located by the water (Delaware River) and is a high traffic area due to the large amount of tourists that visit throughout the year. The neighborhood is surrounded by other commercial buildings like restaurants, bars and hospitality spaces. There are rarely any residential buildings Some popular tourist attractions include Spruce Street Harbor, Franklin Fountain Ice-cream, Lorenzo and Sons Pizza. The architectural style of this neighborhood is historical with a small mixture of modern buildings like the Hilton Hotel. The neighborhood will influence the design of the building due to being a historical area. The goal is to preserve parts of the original building while making it a modern and contemporary space. The proposed site is located on N Christopher Columbus Boulevard. As the street name suggests, the surrounding buildings are all historical and have a connection to the beginnings of The United States.

In compliance with the old building codes, the older buildings are three stories high. The newer structures, like the Dave and Busters just around the corner, go up to four/five stories.

SITE Analysis The site is a high-traffic area. While being right beside the Benjamin Franklin Bridge and bringing tremendous vehicular traffic, the tourist attractions, like Spruce Street Harbor, bring a large amount of foot traffic as well. The car traffic could be a safety concern since the site is right next to the road. There are many bus stops as well as the train stop close by. and other exterior design elements.

The view of the bridge and the waterfront provides positive views

Ben F

rankli

and the surrounding neighborhood is a local and engaging area makes it a place one would like to stay at.

The site is in a temperate region thus getting the weather can go to the low 20’s in the winter. The sun path at the site allows for an abundance of natural light and if there is shading needed, the surrounding trees provide seasonal shading. The site is flat and is surrounded by opportunities to include outdoor seating, plants and other exterior design elements.

n Brid

ge

Floris

t St.

St.

Delawar e River Fringe

Arts

N. Ch

ristop her C olum

bus B

lvd.

Delaware Expy

N. W ater

St.

Race

Bus Stop Parking Pedestrain Path

Winter Solstice

Winter Winds

Summer Solstice

Summer Winds

Race Street Pie

r

N

07

program development & documentation

qualitative program

quantitative program

adjacency matrix

test fit mech, Elec. Janitor’s closet & storage

office & lounge

restroom

KITCHEN & cafe display STORAGE & seating

FRONT COUNTER

OUTDOOR SEATING

FLORIST GREENHOUSE

first floor

cafe seating

mezzanine floor

retail

08

building analysis, code, regulations & standards

introduction introduction

When deciding on a building to use, it is crucial to take note of the various aspects of the structure that will greatly benefit while in the process of designing. These aspects include what the existing building is and its different components such as the architect, structural systems and materials.

Making sure the building is following codes and regulations is imperative and will further the success of the building while utilizing universal design.

written building analysis The building, that is currently the Fringe Arts, is 15,000 square feet with two floors and a mezzanine. The Architects and Designers of this project is a studio based in Philadelphia called Sitio. They took on the project back in September of 2014 and was to turn the previously old and semi-abandoned factory into an theater and restaurant.

The Architects and Designers took into consideration of the history of the city and successfully “used its waterfront context is an important element in celebrating the city significant industrial legacy.� The structural system of the building uses the original structure that consists of beams, columns and load bearing walls.The materiality of the building is the original brick and mortar on the exterior. Utilizing many parts of the original building, Fringe Arts is sustainable by saving the extra use and work needed to install new materials and structures.

For the proposed florist cafe, only parts of the building will be used. The theater that is in place there currently will stay, but the existing restaurant is where the florist cafe will be located, including the mezzanine floor.

first floor plan

second floor plan

mezzanine floor plan

structural diagram

columns load bearing walls daylight

daylighting diagram

axon diagram

symmetry diagram

building code, regulation & standards project data

project name: Fringe Arts address name: 140 N Christopher Columbus Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19106 date of completion of original and additions: september, 2014 number of stories: 2 total gross sqft: 15,500 sqft

applicable building code information

zoning ordinance: city of philadelphia fire code: international fire code 2018 philadelphia fire code 2009 building code and date: International building code 2018 philadelphia building code 2010 energy code: international energy conservation 2018 philadelphia energy conservation 2010

use group classification:

assembly

Gross sqft:2,000 sqft sqft/ occupant: 150 Number of occupants: TBD

retail

Number of occupants: 10 Gross sqft: 3,000 sqft sqft/ occupant: 100 Number of occupants: TBD

dining

Gross sqft: 5,000 sqft/ occupant: 100 Number of occupants: 60

sanitation

wc male: 2 wc female: 4 urinals male: 2 Lavatories male: 1 lavatories female:1 drinking fountains: 2 service sink: 1

fire protection requirements

means of egress:

Sprinklered Dead end limit: 50’

fire exit enclosures: 2 hrs shafts and elevators house ways: 2 hrs tenant space separations: 2 hrs smoke barriers: assume 30 minutes corridor fire-resistance rating: 0

administrative

incidental use areas

business group B

gross sqft: 1,000 sqft sqft/ occupant: 100 sqft/ occupant: 100 number of occupants: 60

storage room over 100 sqft: 1 hour or provide automatic fire extinguishing system

project research summary & conclusion From all the research achieved throughout the book, there are many new considerations to be taken when designing a florist cafe. Each section has investigated the program from looking at case studies of a florist cafe and going into every single code required for such facility. Based on the research I will closely incorporate the historical background of the building into the design. Also a crucial lesson learned from the research is to provide enough space for the comfort of the users in the area. I feel that the information and research conducted is reliable and relevant because of the use of known sources to backup my writing as well as the information specifically pertaining to my proposed project, which has a fairly new program. From my findings, I have conceptualized various ideas for the florist cafe. Relating the space back to nature and sustainability is an key principle I would like to incorporate.

section 01

Bibliography 1. Avey, Tori. “The Caffeinated History of Coffee.” PBS. April 08, 2013. Accessed August 28, 2018. http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-coffee/.

2. iBID. 3. iBID. 4. “National Coffee Association.” NCA - National Coffee Association USA - Est. 1911. 2015.

Accessed August 28, 2018. http://www.ncausa.org/Industry-Resources/Economic-Impact.

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6. Suttie, Jill. “How Nature Can Make You Kinder, Happier, and More Creative.” Greater Good.

March 02, 2016. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_nature_makes_you_ kinder_happier_more_creative.

7. “Florists in the USUS Industry Market Research Report.” Florists in the US. Industry Market Research Reports, Trends, Statistics, Data, Forecasts. June 2018. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/retail-trade/miscellaneous-store-retailers/florists.html.

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9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Holmes, H. “Coffee Shop.” Coffee Shop Business Overview. Accessed December 12, 2018. http://www.sbdcnet.org/small-business-research-reports/coffee-shop.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid. images 1. Coffee Wallpaper High Definition 6618. In Free Great Picture. https://www.freegreatpicture. com/coffee-chocolate-milk/coffee-wallpaper-high-definition-6618.

2. Köhler, Franzhler Eu. Sagrada-Faulbaum. 1881. Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnus_purshiana.

LilaVert. Hashtag Plant Art. June 07, 2015. Plant Art. In LilaVert. https://www.lilavert.com/ blog_lilavert/plant-art/.

Spaulding, Matthew. Holding Magnifying Glass Over Cactus And Succulent Plants To Inspect.

April 16, 2015. In Stocksy. https://www.stocksy.com/595935/holding-magnifying-glassover-cactus-and-succulent-plants-to-inspect.

Tableau Waters Your Plants as Nature Intended. In Ca-water Info. http://www.cawater-info. net/all_about_water/en/?p=4854.

GenX. Lovely Photograph House Plants Kitchen. January 13, 2017. House Plants Kitchen Best Of Indoor Plants for Kitchen Home Design. In Garden Decor. https://gardendecor.us/houseplants-kitchen/house-plants-kitchen-best-of-indoor-plants-for-kitchen-home-design/.

Coffee Roasted Blade Roasting Drink Coffee Beans. Food/Drink. In Max Pixel. https://www. maxpixel.net/Coffee-Roasted-Blade-Roasting-Drink-Coffee-Beans-3811702.

N/A. In Pinterest. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/122863896069945783/.

Coffee. In Tumblr. http://joartflores.tumblr.com/post/142048510778.

Bibliography Taflinger, Richard F. “Taking Advantage Social Basis of Human Behavior.” Brief Timeline of American Literature and Events:1830-1839. May 28, 1996. Accessed September 04, 2018. https://public.wsu.edu/~taflinge/socself.html.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Jones, Brian. “When Socialization Shifts From Front Porches To Coffee Shops.” The Federalist.

July 03, 2017. Accessed December 12, 2018. http://thefederalist.com/2017/07/03/happens-socialization-shifts-front-porches-coffee-shops/.

Ibid.

“PSYCH 424.” SiOWfa16 Science in Our World Certainty and Controversy. April 13, 2014.

Accessed September 04, 2018. https://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2014/04/13/our-need-to-belong/.

“Social Practices, Rituals and Festive Events.” Intangible Cultural Heritage. Accessed September 04, 2018. https://ich.unesco.org/en/social-practices-rituals-and-00055.

Valdar. “Forgotten Rituals and Magical Practices in Ancient History.” Ancient Origins. December 7, 2015. Accessed September 04, 2018. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/ forgotten-rituals-and-magical-practices-ancient-history-004846.

“What Is Ceilidh?” Licence To Ceilidh. Accessed September 04, 2018. https://www.licencetoceilidh.co.uk/what-is-ceilidh/.

“What Is Social History?” History Today. Accessed September 04, 2018. https://www.historytoday.com/raphael-samuel/what-social-history.

section 02

images Myasoyedov, Grigoriy. Zinaida’s Salon in Moscow. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Zinaida_Volkonskaya#/media/File:Zinaida_Volkonskaya’s_salon.jpeg Lapostavecchiahotel. A Little Party Never Killed Nobody. In Instagram. https://www.instagram. com/p/BqdspQgFf3b/?utm_source=ig_share_sheet&igshid=i1m18tg54a6i.

N/A. In That Kind of Woman. http://cdn.theeverygirl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ What-Sex-Looks-Like-to-Different-Couples-3.jpg.

Bibliography Our Story.” Our Story – Vault Vine. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://vault.vaultandvine. co/our-story/.

Ibid.

Ibid.

section 03.1

images Banana Leaves. In Interlift. http://interfacelift.com/wallpaper/details/534/banana_leaves. html.

Facebook. https://scontent.fphl2-4.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t31.08/20901498_111436609527936_1363170004381707151_o.jpg?_nc_cat=110&_nc_ht=scontent.fphl2-4.fna&oh=91523f90e11042114bc07d6637d1a8a2&oe=5C96FFD6.

Vault & Vine. In Facebook. https://scontent.fphl2-3.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t31.08/23275325_125926118078985_235022224927835600_o.jpg?_nc_cat=104&_nc_ht=scontent.fphl2-3.fna&oh=defb881799ec635793dc3cad9faceb91&oe=5C9688BA. Vault & Vine. In Facebook. https://scontent.fphl2-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t31.08/20934173_111439542860976_7892451478048775198_o.jpg?_nc_cat=107&_nc_ht=scontent.fphl2-1.fna&oh=a112a2a16c3d830b4f29bd1c7fcf3217&oe=5CA4EE57.

Vine & Vault. In Facebook. https://scontent.fphl2-3.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.09/41040142_229888897682706_6189438148624252928_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&_nc_ht=scontent.fphl2-3.fna&oh=fe5135d2370f5529c0820f2a42e49f4e&oe=5CB165CC. Vault & Vine. In Facebook. https://scontent.fphl2-3.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.09/20883064_111439099527687_8016809431301096882_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&_nc_ht=scontent.fphl2-3.fna&oh=3a3b1f8b7af772e594e5600dba68d640&oe=5C97BE89.

Vault & Vine. In Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/vaultandvine.co/photos /a.111438909527706/111438919527705/?type=3.

Bibliography “NOUS Restaurant&Flowers / 0321 STUDIO.” ArchDaily. April 19, 2018. Accessed September 20, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/892754/nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio.

Levy, Natasha. “Translucent Pink Box Encloses Florist at Restaurant in Southern China.” Dezeen. April 20, 2018. Accessed September 20, 2018. https://www.dezeen. com/2018/04/22/0321-interior-design-nous-restaurant-florist-china-dongguan/.

section 03.2

images Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https:// images.adsttc.com/media/images/5ad6/19b2/f197/cccc/af00/002f/slideshow/22. jpg?1523980708 2. NOUS Restaurant&Flower/ Studio 0321 Elevation. 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/892754/nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio/5ad6187af197cc732f00006d-nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio-elevation 3.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/04/nous-restaurant-0321-studio-interiors-china-pink_dezeen_1704_col_6.jpg 4.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. April, 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/04/nous-restaurant-0321-studio-interiors-china-pink_dezeen_1704_col_4.jpg 5.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. April, 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/04/nous-restaurant-0321-studio-interiors-china-pink_dezeen_1704_col_13.jpg 6.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. April, 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/04/nous-restaurant-0321-studio-interiors-china-pink_dezeen_1704_col_3.jpg 7.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. April, 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/04/nous-restaurant-0321-studio-interiors-china-pink_dezeen_1704_col_2.jpg 8.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/892754/nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio/5ad61a18f197cc732f000081-nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio-photo 9.

Mountain, Meat. NOUS Restaurant&Flower. April, 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/04/nous-restaurant-0321-studio-interiors-china-pink_dezeen_1704_col_9.jpg 10.

NOUS Restaurant&Flower/ Studio 0321 Elevation. 2018. Guangdong. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/892754/nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio/5ad6187af197cc732f00006d-nous-restaurant-and-flowers-0321-studio-elevation

Bibliography “37° White / D+space design” 25 Sep 2017. ArchDaily. Accessed 27 Sep 2018. <https://www. archdaily.com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/> ISSN 0719-8884 “Changshu, Chang Shu, Changshu, City of Jiangsu Province.” Five Biggest Challenges Businesses Face When They Expand To China, www.chinatoday.com/city/changshu.htm. images 1. Fancy Images. Flower display area. 2017. Changsu. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily. com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/59c53e71b22e384b4c0002a1-37degrees-white-d-plus-space-design-photo 2. Fancy Images 37 degrees White. 201. Changsu. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily. com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/59c53e80b22e384b4c0002a2-37degrees-white-d-plus-space-design-photo 3. Fancy Images. Flower display area. 2017. Changsu. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/59c53e1db22e38e281000112-37degrees-white-d-plus-space-design-photo

section 03.3

4. Archiv für die Botanik. 1796.. September, 2018. http://vintageprintable.swivelchairmedia. com/botanical/botanical-flower-various/botanical-anatomy-flowering-plant-anatomy/ Section. 201. Changsu. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/880195/37-degreeswhite-d-plus-space-design/59c53df1b22e384b4c00029a-37-degrees-white-d-plusspace-design-section 5. Fancy Images. Flower display area. 2017. Changsu. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/59c53e79b22e38e28100011637-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design-photo Fancy Images. Flower display area. 2017. Changsu. September, 2018.https://www.archdaily. com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/59c53e63b22e38e281000115-37degrees-white-d-plus-space-design-photo 6. Fancy Images. Party area. 2017. Changsu. September, 2018. https://www.archdaily. com/880195/37-degrees-white-d-plus-space-design/59c53e42b22e384b4c00029f-37degrees-white-d-plus-space-design-photo

section 03.4

Bibliography Alter, Adam. “How Nature Resets Our Minds and Bodies.” The Atlantic. March 30, 2013.

Accessed October 25, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-nature-resets-our-minds-and-bodies/274455/.

Baraban, Regina S., and Joseph F. Durocher. Successful Restaurant Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Browning, Bill, and Cary Cooper. “The Global Impact of Biophilic Design in the Workplace.”

Architecture Now. Accessed October 25, 2018. https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/theglobal-impact-of-biophilic-design-in-the-workplace/.

Furbish. “The Benefits of Biophilia: Health and Business.” Furbish. July 12, 2018. Accessed October 25, 2018. https://furbishco.com/2018/05/16/the-benefits-of-biophilia-healthand-business/.

Jaffe, Eric, and CityLab. “The Great Urban-Rural Happiness Debate.” CityLab. October 13, 2011.

Accessed October 25, 2018. https://www.citylab.com/design/2011/10/urban-rural-happiness-debate/290/.

Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson. The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, 2013.

Klepeis, Neil E., William C. Nelson, Wayne R. Ott, John P. Robinson, Andy M. Tsang, Paul Switzer, Joseph V. Behar, Stephen C. Hern, and William H. Engelmann. “The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants.” Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 11, no. 3 (2001): 231-52. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500165.

Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environment, and Human Response: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Element in the Design of the Architectural Environment. New York: Wiley, 1996.

Rogers, Kara. “Biophilia Hypothesis.” Encyclopædia Britannica. May 26, 2016. Accessed October 18, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/science/biophilia-hypothesis Suttie, Jill. “How Nature Can Make You Kinder, Happier, and More Creative.” Greater Good.

March 02, 2016. Accessed October 25, 2018. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/ how_nature_makes_you_kinder_happier_more_creative.

Wymelenberg, Kevin V. “The Benefits of Natural Light.” Archlighting.com. March 07, 2014.

Accessed October 18, 2018. https://www.archlighting.com/technology/the-benefits-of-natural-light_o.

images About 03. In Tous Les Jours. https://www.tljus.com/our-story/tous-les-jours/.

Inside. In Yelp. https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g48713-d10081339-i18 2124256-Tous_Les_Jours_Bakery-Syracuse_Finger_Lakes_New_York.html.

About 01. In Tous Les Jours. https://www.tljus.com/our-story/tous-les-jours/.

About 02. In Tous Les Jours. https://www.tljus.com/our-story/tous-les-jours/.

Tous Les Jours. In Baltimore Sun. http://digitaledition.baltimoresun.com/tribune/article_ popover.aspx?guid=b53ffd12-b7f4-4d94-9706-30e0fddcc2b5.

Song, Sarah. Time Out. https://media.timeout.com/images/101855047/630/472/image.jpg.

Tous Les Jours. In Baltimore Sun. http://digitaledition.baltimoresun.com/tribune/article_ popover.aspx?guid=b53ffd12-b7f4-4d94-9706-30e0fddcc2b5.

Bibliography ADA Requirements: Service Animals. Accessed December 13, 2018. https://www.ada.gov/ reachingout/salesservice.html.

Hutter, Gary. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Machine Guarding.â&#x20AC;? LearnEASY - Live AND Learn. Accessed December 13, 2018. http://www.learneasy.info/MDME/MEMmods/MEM30008A-EcoErgo/Ergonomics/Ergonomics.html.

section 04

images Cursosdefotografiadigital. http://cursosdefotografiadigital.org/flores/las-20-fotografiasde-flores-mas-hermosas-e-impactantes-del-mundo.html.

Cinnamon RNU152. Regnault Botanical Prints 1774. In Panteek. https://www.panteek.com/ RegnaultAloe/images/rnu152-362.jpg.

Rigby & Rigby. https://i.pinimg.com/564x/ba/d2/45/bad245f271ea706559a5fef230ea4190.jpg.

Barista Ergonomics. In Fresh Cup. https://www.freshcup.com/barista-ergonomics/.

Architectural Dimensions. In Learn Easy. http://www.learneasy.info/MDME/MEMmods/MEM30008A-EcoErgo/Ergonomics/Ergonomics.html.

Makoto, Azuma. Superlative Space. 2013. House Vision, Tokyo. In Designboom. https:// www.designboom.com/architecture/naruse-inokuma-architects-green-bathroom-concept-house-vision-2013/.

ADA. In Electric Wode. https://electricalcode.wordpress.com/2013/07/16/what-is-the-adamaximum-height-for-switches/.

Tumblr. http://pynter.tumblr.com/post/93636680627.

Ergonomic Bar. In Carabet Designers. http://cabaretdesigners.com/what-are-the-best-dimensions-for-commercial-bar-design.

ADA. In Vending Times. https://www.vendingtimes.com/articles/dept-of-justice-official-clarifies-effect-of-new-a-4490?iid=695185A7ED9E46929CE06ECA4F5502B0.

Bathroom. In ADA. https://www.ada.gov/archive/NPRM2008/ada_standards/proposedadastds.html

Bibliography

images

section 05

Klepeis, Neil E., William C. Nelson, Wayne R. Ott, John P. Robinson, Andy M. Tsang, Paul Switzer, Joseph V. Behar, Stephen C. Hern, and William H. Engelmann. “The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants.” Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 11, no. 3 (2001): 231-52. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500165.

Baraban, Regina S., and Joseph F. Durocher. Successful Restaurant Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Ibid. 70 Ibid.69 Ibid. 65 Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.64 Wymelenberg, Kevin V. “The Benefits of Natural Light.” Archlighting.com. March 07, 2014. https://www. archlighting.com/technology/the-benefits-of-natural-light_o.

Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environment, and Human Response: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Element in the Design of the Architectural Environment. New York: Wiley, 1996.

Baraban, Regina S., and Joseph F. Durocher. Successful Restaurant Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environment, and Human Response: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Element in the Design of the Architectural Environment. New York: Wiley, 1996.

Baraban, Regina S., and Joseph F. Durocher. Successful Restaurant Design. 76 Rogers, Kara. “Biophilia Hypothesis.” Encyclopædia Britannica. May 26, 2016. https://www.britannica. com/science/biophilia-hypothesis.

Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson. The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, 2013.

Alter, Adam. “How Nature Resets Our Minds and Bodies.” The Atlantic. March 30, 2013. https://www. theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-nature-resets-our-minds-and-bodies/274455/.

Browning, Bill, and Cary Cooper. “The Global Impact of Biophilic Design in the Workplace.” Architecture Now. https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/the-global-impact-of-biophilic-design-in-the-workplace/.

Furbish. “The Benefits of Biophilia: Health and Business.” Furbish. July 12, 2018.https://furbishco. com/2018/05/16/the-benefits-of-biophilia-health-and-business/.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Suttie, Jill. “How Nature Can Make You Kinder, Happier, and More Creative.” Greater Good. March 02, 2016. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_nature_makes_you_kinder_happier_more_ creative.

Jaffe, Eric, and CityLab. “The Great Urban-Rural Happiness Debate.” CityLab. October 13, 2011. https:// www.citylab.com/design/2011/10/urban-rural-happiness-debate/290/.

Suttie, Jill. “How Nature Can Make You Kinder, Happier, and More Creative.” Greater Good.

Eichhorn, Stephen. Window. In Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/stepheneichhorn/3487471880/.

Wedding Invitation Botany Flower Botanical Illustration, Botanical, Green Plant PNG Clipart. In Uihere. https://www.uihere.com/free-cliparts/wedding-invitation-botany-flower-botanical-illustration-botanical-1801715.

Leonardo’s Vitruvian Man. In The Vitruvian Man. https://leonardodavinci.stanford.edu/submissions/clabaugh/history/leonardo.html.

Best Interior Instagram. Vouge. https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/10-best-interior-instagrams-to-follow-now. .. In Pinterest. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/0e/8e/2c/0e8e2c9738bc85074c8f2fbf945dbdbe.jpg.

Earth Collection. In Tono Co. https://tono-co.myshopify.com/products/earth-collection?variant=28166265091.

Dives and Dollars. https://www.divesanddollar.com/recommended-patterned-living-room-chairs/.

WHITE, GREEN, HEADER, PLANTS, AESTHETIC. In Favim. http://favim.com/image/4160720/.

Living Wall Moss Tile Green 16x24. In Mineral Wall. https://www.mineraltiles.com/living-wall-mosstile-green-16x24/.

section 06

Bibliography “Philadelphia.” Information about Philadelphia USA, City of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Holidays and Travel Info. Accessed November 07, 2018. http://www.inventpa.com/.

“1800 - 1829.” 1800 - 1829 | American Institute of Architects. Accessed November 07, 2018. https://www.aiaphiladelphia.org/1800-1829.

Ibid.

CITY HALL. Accessed November 07, 2018. http://phillyskyline.com/bldgs/cityhall/index. html.

“U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Philadelphia City, Pennsylvania.” Census Bureau QuickFacts.

Accessed November 07, 2018. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/PST045217#PST045217.

“U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Philadelphia City, Pennsylvania.” Census Bureau QuickFacts.

Accessed November 07, 2018. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/PST045217#PST045217.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). “Your Geography Selections.” American FactFinder - Results. October 05, 2010. Accessed November 07, 2018. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_ B03002&prodType=table.

“WeatherSpark.com.” Average Weather in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Year Round - Weather Spark. Accessed November 07, 2018. https://weatherspark.com/y/22721/ Average-Weather-in-Philadelphia-Pennsylvania-United-States-Year-Round.

Ibid. images Madagascar Periwinkle, Laurustinus. Edwards Botanical Prints from Dickson’s Botanic Garden 1806. In Panteek.

Rss Weather. http://www.rssweather.com/climate/Pennsylvania/Philadelphia/.

Stock Photo - Ben Franklin Bridge and Philadelphia Skyline, under a Purple Sunsetz. In 123rf. https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/philadelphia_bridge.html?sti=lhcy7cqtatj8ke4zd7|&mediapopup=34366383.

Map of Philadelphia. In Pinterest. https://i.pinimg.com/236x/01/cd/5c/01cd5cc483a7c489c7e9d71307a2e695--fantasy-map-usa-maps.jpg. https://www.panteek.com/edwards1806/pages/edw59-223.htm.

Zoning. In Community Service Fellowship. http://communityservicefellowships.gsd.harvard. edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Philadelphia-full-zoning-map.png.

Philadelphia. In Maps. http://maps-philadelphia.com/img/0/philadelphia-zoning-map.jpg.

images Myasoyedov, Grigoriy. Zinaidaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Salon in Moscow. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Zinaida_Volkonskaya#/media/File:Zinaida_Volkonskayaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s_salon.jpeg Lapostavecchiahotel. A Little Party Never Killed Nobody. In Instagram. https://www.instagram. com/p/BqdspQgFf3b/?utm_source=ig_share_sheet&igshid=i1m18tg54a6i.

N/A. In That Kind of Woman. http://cdn.theeverygirl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ What-Sex-Looks-Like-to-Different-Couples-3.jpg.

section 07

Bibliography “FRINGE ARTS.” SITIO Architecture Urbanism. Accessed December 14, 2018. http://www.sitioau.com/fringe-arts/.

section 08

images FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10 FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

FringeArts. In AIA PHL 2015 FringeArts. 1-10.

images Tree. In Tumblr. http://indoafrican.tumblr.com/post/146971372030/peter-marlow-gb-england-london-unesco-world.

section 9

Capstone Committee Professor:

Lisa Phillips-

Interior Design Professor at Jefferson University (Thomas Jefferson University + Philadelphia University) 4201 Henry Ave. Philadelphia, PA 19144 t 215-518-3535 Advisors:

Samantha Smith-

A&D Representative at Herman Miller t 215-667-9284

Francesca Caccavale-

Interior Designer at Brandywine Realty Trust FMC Tower at Cira Centre South 2929 Walnut Street, Suite 1700 ,Philadelphia, PA 19104 t 610-832-7436 m 215-356-4680