Section 1: Ngeri
Section 2: A History of Ngāti Tama
Section 3: Te Pūoho Ki Te Rangi
Section 4: Wī Kātene Te Pūoho
Section 5: Ngārongoā Kātene
Section 6: Ancestral Lands
Section 7: Wakapuaka Taiāpure
Section 8: Wakapuaka Awa/River
Section 9: Valuing Water
Section 10: Atua and Taonga Species
WAKAPUAKA Our Taonga
Volume TWO Years 7-8
This resource has been created to support students in Years 7 and 8 by providing information to grow their knowledge and understanding of the Ngāti Tama connections to Wakapuaka.
This includes the history, its connection to Iwi, conservation, biodiversity and tikanga.
We have provided this resource in both Te Reo Māori and English to ensure it is valuable for teachers and students in immersion, bilingual and mainstream teaching environments.
‘Ko te utu mō te aroha, ko te aroha atu anō’ AROHA SHOULD BE REPAID IN KIND.
On behalf of the wider Ngāti Tama ki Te Tauihu whānau, we are indebted to the trustees of the Wakapuaka 1B Trust for hosting us at Wakapuaka this year. To Taku and the trustees, thank you for supporting the opportunity to reconnect with our roots during the weekend of the annual general meeting in Feburary. To Bruce Hollyman, who gave permission for us walk the land of our ancestors. Thank you.
Published 2024 by Ngāti Tama ki Te Waipounamu Trust 2024 PO Box 914, Nelson 7040, New Zealand
0800 8262 494 (TAMA IWI) www.ngati-tama.iwi.nz whanau@ngati-tama.iwi.nz
Cover photo credit: Adam Walker
Horoirangi te maunga
Wakapuaka te awa
Haua te puna o te aroha e...
Tē taea te wete i te kotahitanga a ō tātou tūpuna
Tīhei mauriora e!
Horoirangi is the ancestral peak
Wakapuaka is the food source
Haua is the resting place of our ancestors
The familial bonds can never be severed
As they live on through their progeny!
NGERI Section 1 WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga | PAGE 1
A HISTORY OF NGĀTI TAMA Section 2
The origins of Ngāti Tama, according to tribal traditions, date back to the ancestors Tamaariki (Poutamaariki) and Rākeiora of the Tokomaru Waka. The whakapapa of these rangatira, their journey and eventual settlement in northern Taranaki are preserved in many oral histories and tribal traditions.
The intermarriages between prominent Ngāti Tama families and other tribal communities in Taranaki and the southern coastal areas of Waikato, forged close ties and strategic alliances in the central and Northern Taranaki region.
Around 1820, an alliance between the Taranaki and Tainui tribes, including Ngāti Tama, under Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi, participated in a raid to Te Ūpoko o Te Ika (the southern part of the North Island). By the mid1820s these tribes had established themselves at Kāpiti Island and the southern part of the North Island through to Cook Strait/Raukawa Moana. Relationships with the whalers were based on trade, service provision and marriage.
Eventually, the Taranaki and Tainui alliance crossed the Cook Strait to Te Tauihu o te Waka a Māui (the Top of the South Island). Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi, other Ngāti Tama leaders, and rangatira from other Iwi led the conquest into Te Tauihu throughout the Marlborough Sounds, Wairau and across to Tasman Bay and Golden Bay. Key settlements and communities were then established for ongoing permanent settlement.
Ngāti Tama established many pā and kāinga at several localities in Te Tauihu and at some places in northern Te Tai Poutini (the west coast of the South Island). The main pā of Ngāti Tama were at Wakapuaka, Puketūtū (Motueka), Wainui, Waimeha, Tākaka, Tukurua and Parapara.
Throughout this resource we introduce prominent Ngāti Tama tūpuna (ancestors) and their connection to Wakapuaka. The relationships between these tūpuna and their aliases are shown in this geneology.
Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi
Whangataki II = Hinewairoro
Kauhoe
Wī Kātene Te Pūoho Wikitōria Te Keha (Wīremu Kātene) (E Manu) (Te Manu)
Ngāwaina = Hēmi Mātenga
Ngārongoā Kātene (Ngā Hota) (Hūria Mātenga)
PAGE 2 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
Composed by Pohe Stephens, 2021, for Wakapuaka Whānau
Tuatia au e kiokio te takere o Tokomaru, i a Tamaariki!
I tere i ‘Te Moana-a-Kiwa’ ‘Whakatere Raukawa’
Whakarewa Aorere
Hei kawe i tō waka ki Wakapuaka!
ki Paremata! ki Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi ka ora mai nei!
Ko te ripa taramea
Ki Horoirangi!
Ki Rotokura!
Kei runga Haua, ko te rua kōiwi!
O te mana, o te wehi
Ka oki, ka oki e....Hī!
The ancestral waka Tokomaru navigated by Tamaariki Traversed ‘The Great -Ocean-of-Kiwa’
Crossed over the Cook Strait and into Tasman Bay.
On to the foreshore at Wakapuaka, Home of Paremata and Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi
Adorned by the fragrant taramea
In the shadow of Horoirangi the ancestral peak and the ancient pā site at Rotokura, to Haua, the final resting place of our ancestors..alas!
Treaty of Waitangi
Around 1840, the New Zealand Company, settlers, and British laws arrived in Te Tauihu. This resulted in many Māori losing their lands due to illegal land purchases by the Company officials.
In the early 2000s, Ngāti Tama lodged their historic grievance claims with the Waitangi Tribunal. In 2013 Ngāti Tama settled with the Crown and were able to reclaim some of what was lost. While the Crown’s acknowledgements and apology in the settlement are important, they do not remove the pain and suffering that Ngāti Tama whānau endured after being alienated from their lands and homes.
You can read more about our settlement here: https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngati-Tama-ki-Te-Tau-Ihu/ Ngati-Tama-ki-Te-Tau-Ihu-Deed-of-Settlement-summary-20-Apr-2013.pdf
A ngeri is a form of haka, without set actions. It’s purpose is to allow the free flowing movement and interpretation of the words through the eyes of the performer. To hear this ngeri please click the play button:
www.ngat-tama.iwi.nz DEED OF SETTLEMENT & POST-SETTLEMENT GOvErNaNcE ENT Ty Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu tū te Tāngata Ngāti Tama ki Ihu Uphold the wairua, tikanga mana of the for future generations RATIFICATION kle
NGERI | TUATIA
AU
WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga | PAGE 3
Parapara
Tukurua
KĀINGA
Wakapuaka
Puketūtū
Wainui
Tākaka
Tukurua
Parapara
Waimeha
1 Mahi Tahi
2 Motueka
3 Tākaka
4 Aorere
5 Pariwhakaoho
6 Paturau
7 Anatori
8 Whangamoa
9 Wakapuaka
Tākaka
Wainui
Wakapuaka
Whangamoa Kahurangi
Waimeha
MAUNGA
Horoirangi
Māhēipuku
Maungatapu
Pukeone
Piki-ki-Runga
Anatoki
Parapara
Whakamārama
Te Matatau
Tūao Wharepapa 9
Ngāti Tama established pā and kāinga in Te Tauihu and northern Te Tai Poutini.
Maungatapu
Wharepapa
Pukeone
Piki-ki-Runga
Parapara
Whakamārama Anatoki
Onetahua Kōkiri Marae
Te Āwhina Marae
Horoirangi
Lake Rotoroa
Lake Rotoiti
3 8 1
NGĀTI TAMA SIGNIFICANT SITES Maunga, Awa, Marae and Roto in Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Māui
7 AWA
Whakatū Marae
Te Matatau
Farewell Spit
Waikawa Kēkerengū
Wairau Māhēipuku
4
6 2 Puketūtū 5
AREA OF INTEREST NGĀTI TAMA Ko Whangamoa ki Kahurangi te rohe o Nga-ti Tama ki Te Tauihu
TE PŪOHO KI TE RANGI Section 3
1 Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi was born at Poutama in North Taranaki, the eldest son of Whangataki II and Hinewairoro, and brother to Te Taku and Te Rangitakaroro. He grew to be a strong and strategic rangatira of Ngāti Tama.
2 Te Pūoho became paramount chief of Ngāti Tama after his predecessor Raparapa was killed in a battle at Kāwhia.
3 Te Pūoho had several wives. One of the prominent marriages occurred after the death of his brother (Te Taku) who died in battle, when he cemented a union with his widow (Kauhoe) and son (Paremata).
4 Te Pūoho, was a prominent war leader who participated in many tribal conflicts. This ultimately led him to lead a large group of whānau south to the Kāpiti Coast and Wellington in the 1820s and 1830s.
5 Not long after their arrival into the Kāpiti and Wellington areas, Te Pūoho with Paremata led their own tauā (war party) across the Raukawa Moana (Cook Strait) into Te Tauihu. This tāua went to avenge the death of Te Pēhi a close relative, who was killed at Kaiapoi.
As Te Pūoho traversed the lands, the tradition of laying stake to his claims was replicated throughout the areas of:
6 Wakapuaka 7 Waimeha
8 Te Mamaku
10 Mohua
9 Puketūtū
11 Te Tai Poutini
12 In 1836, Te Pūoho led his final tauā south to Tūtūrau where he was killed in battle alongside many of the men, women and children supporting the war party.
14 Paremata survived the battle due to Taiaroa, the Ngāi Tahu rangatira, who protected him with his cloak. This act of reciprocity was due to a previous encounter where Te Pūoho and Paremata spared his life. Unfortunately, Taiaroa was unable to do the same for Te Pūoho.
Wakapuaka
Waimeha
Te Mamaku
Puketūtū
Mohua
WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga | PAGE 5
Te Tai Poutini
Te Pūoho Heritage Trails
TE TAI TAPU/MOHUA
TE IKA-A-MĀUI NORTH ISLAND
TARANAKI
KĀWHIA
KAIAPOI
TŪTŪRAU
WAKAPUAKA
TE WHANGANUI A TARA WELLINGTON
WAIRAU
MOTUEKA KĀPITI COAST 6 4 5 WAIMEHA WAKATŪ 2 3 ŌHĀRIU PORIRUA TE WAIPOUNAMU SOUTH ISLAND
TE TAI POUTINI WEST COAST OF THE SOUTH ISLAND
POUTAMA 1 7 11 10 TE MAMAKU 8 9 PUKETŪTŪ 12 PAGE 6 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
WĪ KĀTENE TE PŪOHO Section 4
Wī Kātene Te Pūoho was born around 1815. His parents were Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi, the paramount chief of Ngāti Tama, and Kauhoe of Te Ātiawa. He was also known as Wīremu Kātene, Te Manu and E Manu. Wī Kātene became the chief at Wakapuaka which was the closest Māori settlement to Nelson at the time.
Wī Kātene and his wife, Wikitōria Te Amohau, daughter of Hēnare Te Keha of Te Ātiawa at Golden Bay, were baptised as Anglican in January 1844. They were given the baptismal names of William Cotton (Wī Kātene) and Victoria Cotton (Wikitōria Kātene). Their daughter, Ngāhota Ngārongoā, was baptised Julia on the same day. Julia, later known as Hūria Mātenga, famously helped rescue the crew of the Delaware when it was driven aground on the rocks at Wakapuaka in 1863.
Wī Kātene established a long and respectful relationship with the New Zealand Company, settlers, and Crown officials. He first met Captain Aruther Wakefield in 1841 at Astrolabe when travelling by waka to Golden Bay. Wakefield was there negotiating for the settlement of Nelson and was distributing gifts to each of the chiefs.
Wī Kātene was known as a man of peace and as a great rangatira who led his own whānau and the wider Ngāti Tama tribe spread across Motueka and Golden Bay. He was successful in traversing both his own traditional world and the new society brought by European settlement.
Te Manu Reserve
It is said that Te Pūoho ki te Rangi was given the name Te Manu (the bird) by his enemies on account of his eloquence and melodious voice. A name that was also given to Wī Kātene.
On 31 March 1842, Nelson’s street naming committee approved the name Te Manu for what is now known as Emano Street. Wī Kātene was the only living chief to be recognised in this wa In 1842, the street naming committee recorded the name as E Manu. For reasons unknown, E Manu was altered at some stage to Emano, a name that has stuck for well over a century.
The correction of the name was prompted by local residents who requested that the informally named Emano East Reserve be retained as public land and appropriately renamed.
It is fitting that Te Manu Reserve survives today as public land because of local leadership and perseverance.
He looked after his people and was tenacious in not giving up land to the Crown, especially at Wakapuaka which was the main base for Ngāti Tama. He maintained that the Wakapuaka block was the minimal holding for his people’s subsistence. One witness said that the people lived in friendly relationships at Wakapuaka, perhaps because they ‘scented the fragrance of Wī Kātene’.
Wī Kātene died in 1880.
LEFT: Coates, Isaac, 1808-1878. [Coates, Isaac], 1808-1878: E Manu. Chief - Wauka pa Wauka. [1843?]. Ref: A-286-001. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22468794
RIGHT: Wī Kātene te Pūoho a.k.a Te Manu, Ngāti Tama Chief of Wakapuaka (Nelson Provincial Museum): Tyree Collection 70070/3
NGĀRONGOĀ KĀTENE Section 5
Born in the early 1840s at Wakapuaka and named Ngārongoā Kātene at birth, she was also known as Ngā Hota. Upon being christened, she became more commonly known as Hūria Mātenga (Julia Martin).
Ngārongoā was of Ariki Kāhu Tātara lineage that could be traced back to the Tokomaru and Tainui tribes including Te Ātiawa and Ngāti Toa Rangatira.
Her grandparents were Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi and Kauhoe. Her father was Wī Kātene Te Pūoho, who was the chief at Wakapuaka. Her mother was Wikitōria Te Amohau, the daughter of Hēnare Tātana Te Keha, chief of Te Ātiawa in Mohua.
PAGE 8 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
ABOVE: Ngārongoā Kātene, Female, 1843–24 April 1909. 1909, oil on canvas, The Suter Art Gallery. Purchased by public subscription in 1910 94. Artist - Gottfried Lindaur.
An Arranged Marriage
Strategic takawaenga marriages were arranged to halt the possible outbreak of war. They were between two people of status and always with the approval of both tribes.
In 1858, at the age of 16, Ngārongoā entered an arranged marriage with Hēmi Mātenga who had ancestral links to Te Ātiawa and and Ngāti Toa Rangatira in Waikanae. Ngārongoā and Hēmi were married to maintain these genealogical links for future generations.
As Ngārongoā was unable to bear children, to ensure their union and bloodline relationships continued, it was agreed that Hēmi father a child with her cousin Ngāwaina and Mamae was born soon after. Ngāwaina was the daughter of Paremata and Ngāmīanga.
Ngārongoā and Hēmi raised Mamae as their own in Wakapuaka.
Ngārongoā the granddaughter of the Ngāti Tama chief Te Pūoho, attracted the most attention, and a public subscription raised enough to buy her a gold watch. Each of the rescuers received £50 (nearly $6,000 in 2020 terms).
URL - https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/28829/delaware-crewrescue-huria-Mātenga
ABOVE LEFT: Hēmi Waipunahau Mātenga, Male, 1839–26 April 1912. Nelson Provinical Museum, Tyree Collection, 59206.
ABOVE RIGHT: Mamae Mātenga, NPM 29492/3.
TOP RIGHT: The homes of Ngārongoā Kātene.
RIGHT: Ngārongoā Kātene. This studio portrait of Ngārongoā Kātene was taken in the 1890s in the Tyree Studio in Nelson. The rope prop and the painted backdrop of a cliff and stormy waters evoke her part in the 1863 rescue of the crew of the Delaware. Along with her husband Hēmi, as well as Kerei, Eraia and Hōhapata Kahupuku, rescued the crew as the ship broke up, swimming out through breakers to retrieve a line thrown from the vessel. Young, beautiful
WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga | PAGE 9
Delaware Bay Shipwreck
Ngārongoā and Hēmi, along with Hōhapata Hurumutu, Eraia and Kerei gained national prominence in 1863.
On the night of September 4, 1863, the newly built brig Delaware ran into a storm and was thrown onto the rocks at the foot of the cliffs at Wakapuaka. Ngārongoā was in her early 20s when the shipwreck occurred and she, along with Hēmi, Hōhapata, Eraia and Kerei, came to the aid of the crew. Through their efforts, eight of the crew and a passenger safely reached the shore with the only casualty being the Chief Mate.
At a ceremony supervised by the Superintendent of Nelson, the rescuers were praised for their kindness and help during the shipwreck, pointing out that without the aid of Ngārongoā and her whanaunga, they would have all but perished.
Ngārongoā received an inscribed gold watch for her efforts, along with 50 pounds. Hēmi and Hōhāpata also received 50 pounds and silver watches. Eraia and Kerei received ten pounds. Although these gifts were presented as koha for the group’s valiant efforts at Delaware Bay, they were in fact payment for Ngāti Tama lands previously committed to settlers for occupation.
Ngārongoā had gardens at Tūrakiwaru and Tuarāwhāiti, and was often seen swimming in the estuary on her way to tend to her gardens. Ngārongoā maintained her leadership at Wakapuaka right up until her death in 1909. Her funeral was attended by more than 2,000 people. Both Māori and Pākehā from all over Aotearoa came to farewell a woman of courage, strength and great beauty.
TOP: The funeral procession of Ngārongoā Kātene, Nelson. Jones, Frederick Nelson, 1881-1962: Negatives of the Nelson district. Ref: 1/1-009423-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. / records/23224415.
MIDDLE LEFT: Photograph of an engraving depicting the wreck of the brigantine Delaware at Wakapuaka. Jones, Frederick Nelson, 1881-1962: Negatives of the Nelson district. Ref: 1/1-002018-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. / records/23018788
MIDDLE RIGHT: A cast bell recovered from the wreck of the Brigantine Delaware, 1863. Nelson Provincial Museum Collection: NI.432 URL - https://collection.nelsonmuseum. co.nz/objects/20/delaware-bell
BOTTOM: The site of the shipwreck.
PAGE 10 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
ANCESTRAL LANDS
Section 6
Wakapuaka are the ancestral lands of Ngāti Tama and whānau connected to the Hūria Mātenga Trust and the Wakapuaka 1B Trust.
While Wakapuaka is the most well-known name for the area, there are other known versions which include Whakapuaka, Whakapouanga, and Whakapouaka (in the Ngāi Tahu dialect). Given the variations, it is difficult to infer its true original meaning.
The area includes:
• restricted sites
• ancient fortifications
• food harvesting areas and cultivations
• medicinal gathering areas
• communal villages
• burial sites
Hira
Rotokura / Cable Bay
Kohi te Wai/ Mackays Bluff
Kohi te Wai/ The Glen
Horoirangi / Mount Drumduan
WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga | PAGE 11
Delaware Bay
WAKAPUAKA TAIĀPURE Section 7
A Taiāpure is a type of reservation that acknowledges that Māori, as tangata whenua, are entitled to have rangatiratanga over their fisheries (amongst other natural resources), as guaranteed by Article II of the Treaty of Waitangi.
The Wakapuaka Taiāpure at Delaware Bay, east of Nelson, covers an area from Ataata Point to Whangamoa Head, including Cable Bay and Pepin Island.
The Taiāpure was proposed by Ngāti Tama in 1997 and approved by the Government in 2002.
The Trust’s objectives for the area include managing its fisheries conservatively so that fish stocks recover, especially pāua, lobster, flounder, snapper, kina, oysters and scallops.
Led by Ngāti Tama, a management committee encompassing Māori, the local community, recreational and commercial fishing interest groups, and environmental interests is in place. The committee will be able to recommend regulations for the conservation and management of the fisheries resources in the Taiāpure fishery.
Key
Reef/rock outcrops
Boulders
Course sand/gravel
Sand
Fine sand/mud
Download Taiāpure mapping here
Taiāpure mapping. Ken Grange NIWA.
Whangamoa Head
Red Point
Delaware Bay
Puketī Point
Māori Pā Beach Cable Bay
Ataata Point
Wakapuaka Taiāpure - interpolated habitat map
Whangamoa Head
Red Point
Delaware Bay
Māori Pā Beach
Pepin Island Cable Bay
Puketī Point
PAGE 12 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
Ataata Point
Wakapuaka Estuary
Te Parumoana o Wakapuaka, otherwise known as the Wakapuaka Estuary or Delaware Bay Estuary, is located in the lower reaches of the Wakapuaka River and is bounded by Māhēipuku and Rotokura.
Since the conquest of Wakapuaka in the early 1820s, Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi took possession of the whenua and surrounding area including the estuary, which was then passed down to his granddaughter Ngārongoā and eventually to the current Wakapuaka whānau.
The estuary holds significant historical, spiritual and cultural values for Ngāti Tama. The conservation of the estuary is centred around preserving and protecting the biological and ecological benefits to areas including;
• Restricted sites
• Archaeological sites
• Cultivations and harvesting sites
• Medicinal gathering sites
• Conservation areas
• Fish stock nursey habitats
• Nesting places
• Recreational purposes
• Marine reserve, seafood harvesting sites
WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga | PAGE 13
TOP LEFT: Whānau member Raha Stephens feeding ducks at Wakapuaka. Other images from the Wakapuaka Estuary.
WAKAPUAKA AWA/RIVER Section 8
The Wakapuaka River has good biodiversity. The river flows from its headwaters in the Whangamoa and is joined by various tributaries, which then carves its path through Paremata Flats, into Te Pūaha o Wakapuaka and out into Delaware Bay.
There are 33 nationally threatened and at-risk species identified in the terrestrial coastal zone,
and at least 12 species of threatened migratory fish or marine mammals in Nelson’s maritime environment which includes Delaware Bay. There are currently five native fish species of significance in the Wakapuaka catchment which include the giant kōkopu, longfin eel, kōaro, whitebait and lamprey eel.
GO TO: https://www.lawa.org.nz/explore-data/nelsonregion/river-quality/wakapuaka-river/
Inspiring kaitiaki
For Ngāti Tama, when it comes to looking after our rivers, our responsibility extends from the head waters in the hills and mountains to the outlets at the sea – Mai i uta, ki tai. Our rivers are interconnected with the land and activities that take place within the catchments. Our objective is to teach tamariki how to be good kaitiaki of these environments to ensure knowledge and understanding is passed on to future generations. The photos above show our tamariki studying the health and ecosystem of the river.
PAGE 14 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
VALUING WATER
Ngāti Tama values of wai
Ngāti Tama, as kaitiaki of Wakapuaka, place high value on the waterways that sustain the land and all that lives on it. The following statements highlight the importance of wai (water) to Ngāti Tama and our approach to protecting our waterways for future generations.
WHAKAPAPA OF WAI is important and integral to understanding the value of water.
KAITIAKI
there is a responsibility to ensure wai is respected, protected and maintained for now and future generations.
MAURI
is the essence of life, therefore ensuring our natural resources enhance the health and wellbeing of our whānau.
TIKANGA AND KAWA will guide the management of how to look after our natural resources.
Section
9
ATUA AND TAONGA SPECIES Section 10
Tāne Mahuta
Tāne Mahuta is the god of the forest and all that lives within it, especially the birds. He is very important in Māori mythology.
He is also known as Tāne, Tāne-nui-a-Rangi and many other names. Tāne is one of the sons of Papatūānuku and Ranginui.
Haumia Tiketike
Haumia Tiketike is the god of wild and uncultivated food, especially fern fronds and bracken fern and its edible root, aruhe.
Among other creatures, many insects are said to have descended from him.
He is one of the sons of Papatūānuku and Ranginui. He is sometimes referred to as Haumia, Haumie or Haumia Tikitiki.
His brother (Rongomātāne), with whom he is closely associated, is the guardian of cultivated plants such as kūmara, taro and yams.
bursting into life
Kawakawa
Is one of the most important healing herbs in Rongoā Māori (traditional herbal medicine).
The leaves, simply chewed or made into infusions, are widely used as treatments for stomach pains and indigestion. Kawakawa is also used as a tonic and tea due to its refreshing and sustaining properties.
Topically, kawakawa leaf applications are also used for bruises and rheumatism, the pain of neuralgia and nettle stings, as well as for eczema.
Korimako
Hot kawakawa infusions and decoctions have long been a popular treatment for winter ailments.
Mātātā Kōtare
Kererū
Tūī
WAKAPUAKA
Tangaroa
Tangaroa is the Māori god of the sea. He is also the god of all creatures that live there. He is one of the many sons of Papatūānuku and Ranginui.
Fish
Aotearoa’s streams, lakes, rivers and wetlands support around 54 species of native fish including galaxiids, bullies, eels, lamprey, black flounder, torrentfish, smelt and mullet – and these are just the ones we know of that have been identified and classified!
The five native species that can be found in the Wakapuaka catchment are giant kōkopu, longfin tuna, kōaro, īnanga and piharau (lamprey eel) with upland bully the most common
Lamprey
Eel
like eels but are more closely related to sharks and rays.
Karepō
Eelgrass
Karepō is the only flowering plant that is totally submerged at every tide. It is an ecologically important species forming critical habitat and foraging areas for fish and invertebrates (juvenile flounder, crabs and cockles).
Matuku
Tōrea
Karoro
Kawau
Eel
Eels migrate up streams as elvers to find suitable adult habitat. After many years they return to the sea to breed and die.
Kōaro
Kōaro are excellent climbers and like clear, swiftly flowing, forested streams.
Īnanga
Īnanga are the most common and smallest of the whitebait species. They begin life as eggs laid in vegetation beside streams.
Bullies
There are seven species of bullies in New Zealand. They are found in a range of habitats including streams, rivers and lakes. Bullies are well camouflaged against sand and rocks, but can be seen darting in the shallows during the day.
Giant Kōkopu
The giant kōkopu is the largest of the whitebait species, reaching a size of 300-500 mm.
Kupu | Glossary
Ariki Kāhu Tātara – High chieftainess of scattered kinship groups
Ataata Point – West of Cable Bay
Awa – river
Hapū – tribe
Hekenga – migrations
Kaiapoi – North Canterbury
Kāinga – occupation site
Kaitiaki – guardian
Kawa – cultural protocols
Kāwhia – Coastal town on the West Coast of the Waikato region
Kēkerengū – North of Kaikōura
Koha – gift of appreciation
Kōkopu rarahi – giant kōkopu
Korowai – cloak
Māhēipuku – Pepin Island
Mahinga kai – an area where food is produced or harvested
Manga – stream
Mātaitai – seafood, food from the sea including fish
Mauri – life essence
Mohua – Golden Bay/Farewell Spit
Ngāi Tahu – South Island iwi
Ngāti Toa Rangatira – Tribe of Tainui descent located in the Porirua and Kāpiti Coast area
Ngeri – chant
Pā – ancient fortified village, sometimes referred to the modern marae complex
Papakāinga – communal setting encompassing the marae and buildings
Piharau – lamprey eel (kanakana – Ngāi Tahu)
Poutama – Northern Taranaki
Puketūtū – land area in and around Motueka wharf
Rangatira – leader
Rongoā – natural remedies used for medicinal purposes
PAGE 18 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
Rotokura – Cable Bay
Taiāpure – a type of marine reserve
Tainui – Ancestral Waka of Tainui tribes
Takawaenga – Inter tribal family connections
Tamaariki – Chief navigator of the Tokomaru Waka and Ancestor of Ngāti Tama
Taranaki mārakiraki – Northern Taranaki
Tauā – war party
Te Ātiawa – Taranaki tribe
Te Mamaku – an ancient pā site situated near the Kina Peninsular
Te Tai Poutini – Westland/West Coast of the South Island
Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Māui – Prow of the Waka of Māui/Top of the South region
Te Ūpoko o Te Ika – the greater Wellington area
Tikanga – cultural practices
Tuarāwhāiti – shortened or narrowing of the spine - this eludes to the sandspit Delaware Bay
Tuna urutira roa – long finned eel
Tūpuna whenua – ancestral land or territories
Tūtūrau – Southland
Urupā – ancient or current burial site, cemetery
Utu – revenge, respond
Wāhi tapu – sacred space or area where entry may be restricted
Wai – waters, can be a stream, creek, river
Waiora – health of a person, area or thing
Waikawa – a coastal settlement and marae near the town of Picton (Waitohi)
Waimeha – original name for Waimea
Wairau – Blenheim area
Whakapapa – genealogy or genealogical ties
Whakarongotai – A settlement on the Kāpiti Coast
Whānau – family/families
Whanaunga – extended family member/ cousin/relative
Whangamoa Head – North east of Delaware Bay
Whenua – country, land, nation, state
Tamaariki
Reference | Bibliography
NGERI – TUATIA AU:
Written by Pohe Stephens in 2021 for the Ngāti Tama whānau of Wakapuaka.
NGĀTI TAMA KI TE TAU IHU AND THE CROWN DEED OF SETTLEMENT:
https://ngatitama.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1-NgatiTamakiTeTauIhuiDOS-part-1.pdf
TE TAU IHU O TE WAKA: A History of Māori of Nelson and Marlborough Volume I: Hilary and John Mitchell.
TE TANGATA ME TE WHENUA: The People and the Land: Hilary and John Mitchell, 2004.
ORAL HISTORY: Andrew Stephens – Wakapuaka whānau of Ngāti Tama.
NGĀTI TAMA KI TE TAUIHU:
https://ngatitama.nz/ngati_tama/our-history/
WAKAPUAKA AWA/RIVER:
https://www.nelson.govt.nz/assets/Environment/Healthy-Streams/Wakapuaka-River-Booklet-2007.PDF
https://www.lawa.org.nz/explore-data/nelson-region/river-quality/wakapuaka-river/
WAKAPUAKA TAIĀPURE:
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-taiapure-nelson%E2%80%99s-delaware-bay
WAKAPUAKA FIELD GUIDE:
http://www.nelson.govt.nz/environment/healthy-streams/healthy-streams-field-guides/
Produced by the Healthy Streams Project in partnership with Ngāti Tama ki Te Waipounamu Trust, NMIT, Cawthron Institute, Waimaori Freshwater, and Nelson City Council.
GLOSSARY REFERENCES
Pae tukutuku – Website references www.maoridictionary.co.nz – Te Aka nzetc.victoria.ac.nz – Dictionary of the Māori Language (Victoria University) paekupu.co.nz - Paekupu
PAGE 20 | WAKAPUAKA | Our Taonga
CONTACT US
NGĀTI TAMA KI TE WAIPOUNAMU TRUST 74 Waimea Road, Nelson 7010
MAILING ADDRESS PO Box 914, Nelson 7040
OFFICE
03 458 1740 | 0800 8262 494 (TAMA IWI) taiao@ngati-tama.iwi.nz
NGĀTI TAMA ONLINE ngatitama.nz
Wāhanga 1: He Ngeri
Wāhanga 2: He Kōrero hītōria o Ngāti Tama
Wāhanga 3: Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi
Wāhanga 4: Wī Kātene Te Pūoho
Wāhanga 5: Ngārongoā Kātene
Wāhanga 6: Ngā Whenua Tūpuna
Wāhanga 7: Te Taiāpure o Wakapuaka
Wāhanga 8: Te Awa o Wakapuaka
Wāhanga 9: Ngā uara e pā ana ki Te Wai
Wāhanga 10: Ngā Momo Taonga
WAKAPUAKA Ō TĀTOU TAONGA
TUARUA Tau 7-8
Putanga
Whakaahua Uhi: nā Adam Walker
Mā ngā tauira Tau 7-8 tēnei rauemi hei whakapakari ake i ō rātou mōhiotanga e pā ana ki te hononga o Ngāti Tama ki a Wakapuaka.
He kōrero hītōria, ōna hononga ki ngā iwi, ko te kaitiakitanga, ko te rerenga rauropi me ngā tikanga kei roto i te rauemi nei.
Kei roto i ngā reo e rua hei rauemi mā ngā kaiako me ngā tauira o ngā kura kaupapa, ngā akomanga reo rua me ngā kura auraki anō hoki.
‘Ko te utu mō te aroha, ko te aroha atu anō’
Tēnei te whānau o Ngāti Tama ki Te Tauihu e tuku nei i te rau aroha ki koutou e ngā taratī o Wakapuaka.
E Taku, nā koutou mātou i hāpai, kia tutuki ai ngā wawata a te iwi mō te hui ā-tau. Tēnā koutou katoa.
E tika ana, kia tuku atu i ngā mihi anō hoki ki a Bruce Hollyman, nōna i whakaae mai kia whai ake tātou i ngā tapuwae o ō tātou mātua tūpuna. Tēnā rā koe.
He whakaputanga nā Ngāti Tama ki Te Waipounamu Trust 2024 PO Box 914, Nelson 7040, New Zealand www.ngati-tama.iwi.nz whanau@ngati-tama.iwi.nz
HE NGERI Wāhanga 1
Horoirangi te maunga
Wakapuaka te awa Haua te puna o te aroha e...
Tē taea te wete i te kotahitanga a ō tātou tūpuna
Tīhei mauriora e!
WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga | WHĀRANGI 1
HE KŌRERO HĪTŌRIA O NGĀTI TAMA
Wāhanga 2
I ahu mai a Ngāti Tama i Hawaiki rā anō i te waka o Tokomaru. E ai ki ētehi kōrero, i takea mai te ingoa o te iwi i a Tamaariki, tētehi o ngā rangatira tokorima, nā rātou te waka i hautū. Kei ngā kōrero tuku iho, te whakapapa, te whakawhitinga mai, ā tae noa mai ki te tatūnga atu ki Taranaki mārakiraki. Nā ngā hononga ki ngā kāwai rangatira o Taranaki whānui me ngā iwi o Tainui, i tino ū ai ēnei rōpū.
Nō te takiwā o te tau 1820, ka whakatūria tētehi haumi i waenganui i ngā iwi o Taranaki me Waikato. Ka kuhu atu a Ngāti Tama, i raro i te mana o Te Pūoho ki te Rangi, i tētehi whakaekenga ki Te Ūpoko o Te Ika. Tae rawa ake ki waenganui i te tekau tau 1820, kua nōhia ngā iwi nei ki Kāpiti tae atu ki Te Moana Raukawakawa. Mā te tauhokohoko, te whakarato ratonga me ngā mārentanga e hono tahi ai ngā iwi ki ngā kaipatu tohorā.
Nāwai rā, ka whakawhiti tēnei haumi ki Te Tauihu o Te Waka a-Māui. Nā Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi rātou ko ētehi atu rangatira o Ngāti Tama me ngā iwi te take raupatu i kōkiri ki te taha rāwhiti o Te Waipounamu. Ka whakatūria e ngā whānau me ngā hapū he papakāinga ki Waikawa, ki Te Wairau me Kēkerengū, tae atu ki Kaiapoi.
Ka mutu, kua pūmau te noho a ngā iwi o Tainui me Taranaki puta noa i Te Tauihu.
Ka whakatūria e Ngāti Tama ōna pā me ngā kāinga puta noa i Te Tauihu me Te Tai Poutini. Ko ngā pā matua i whakatūria ki Wakapuaka, ki Puketūtū, ki Wainui, ki Tākaka, ki Tukurua me Parapara.
I roto i tēnei rauemi, ko ngā tūpuna matua o Ngāti Tama me ō rātou hononga ki Wakapuaka. Ko te whanaungatanga anō hoki i waenganui i a rātou me ō rātou ingoa ake e whakaatungia ana.
Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi
Whangataki II = Hinewairoro
Kauhoe
Wī Katene Te Pūoho Wikitōria Te Keha (Wīremu Kātene) (E Manu) (Te Manu)
Ngāwaina = Hēmi Mātenga
Ngārongoā Kātene (Ngā Hota) (Hūria Mātenga)
WHĀRANGI 2 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
Nā Pohe Stephens tēnei i whakahīa ake i te tau 2021 mā te Whānau i Wakapuaka.
Tuatia au e kiokio te takere o Tokomaru, i a Tamaariki!
I tere i ‘Te Moana-a-Kiwa’ ‘Whakatere Raukawa’
Whakarewa Aorere
Hei kawe i tō waka ki Wakapuaka!
ki Paremata! ki Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi ka ora mai nei!
Ko te ripa taramea
Ki Horoirangi!
Ki Rotokura!
Kei runga Haua, ko te rua kōiwi!
O te mana, o te wehi
Ka oki, ka oki e....Hī!
Nā Tamaariki te waka tūpuna o Tokomaru i hautū
I whakawhiti i Te Moananui a-Kiwa
i Te Moana Raukawakawa ki Aorere
tatū atu ai ki Wakapuaka, ki a Paremata, ki a Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi ki te kakara o te taramea
ki te atamai o te maunga ki Horoirangi ki te pā tawhito ki Rotokura, ki Haua, te takotoranga whakamutunga o te tangata..auē!
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
I te takiwā o te tau 1840, i tae mai te Kamupene o Aotearoa, ko ngā manene me ngā ture o Ingarangi ki Te Tauihu. Ko te mutunga iho, ka riro te whenua o ngā Māori i ngā mahi māminga a ngā āpiha o te Kamupene.
Tae atu ki ngā tau 2000, ka tukuna atu e Ngāti Tama ōna kokoraho ki Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Nō te tau 2013, ka oti i a Ngāti Tama ōna kokoraho te whakatau ki te Karauna me te whiwhi anō i ētehi o ngā mea i riro atu. Ahakoa he mea nui ngā whakamiha me te whakapāha a te Karauna, kāore tonu i ea ai te mamae me ngā toimahatanga i pā mai ki ngā whānau o Ngāti Tama, i a rātou e noho kōpā ana i ō rātou whenua me ō rātou kāinga.
Tirohia ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te whakataunga: https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngati-Tama-ki-Te-Tau-Ihu/ Ngati-Tama-ki-Te-Tau-Ihu-Deed-of-Settlement-summary-20-Apr-2013.pdf
He ngeri tēnei, mā te kaihaka anō e whakaari ake nei i te wairua o ngā kupu ki tāna e mōhio ai.
Panaia i konei kia rangona ai:
www.ngat-tama.iwi.nz DEED OF SETTLEMENT & POST-SETTLEMENT GOvErNaNcE ENT Ty Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu Ka tū Tāngata Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Uphold the wairua, tikanga and mana of the iwi for future generations RATIFICATION BOO
NGERI
| TUATIA AU
WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga | WHĀRANGI 3
Ko ngā pā me ngā papakāinga o Ngāti Tama ki te Tauihu me Te Tai Poutini.
KĀINGA
Wakapuaka
Puketūtū
Parapara
Wainui
Tākaka
Tukurua
Parapara
Waimeha
Onetahua
AWA
1 Mahi Tahi
2 Motueka
3 Tākaka
4 Aorere
5 Pariwhakaoho
6 Paturau
7 Anatori
8 Whangamoa
9 Wakapuaka
Tākaka Te Matatau
6 2 Puketūtū 5 4
Wakapuaka
Māhēipuku
Whakatū Marae
9
Horoirangi
Māhēipuku
Maungatapu
Pukeone
Piki-ki-Runga
Anatoki
Parapara
Whakamārama
Te Matatau
NGĀ WĀHI TAPU O NGĀTAI TAMA Maunga, Awa, Marae and Roto in Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Māui
Wairau
Maungatapu Wharepapa Pukeone
Piki-ki-Runga Parapara Whakamārama Anatoki Whangamoa Kahurangi Onetahua Kōkiri Marae
Te Āwhina Marae Horoirangi
Lake Rotoroa
Lake Rotoiti 8 1
3
7
MAUNGA
Tūao Wharepapa
Wainui
Tukurua
Waikawa Kēkerengū
NGĀ WĀHI WHAIPĀNGA O NGĀTI TAMA
Ko Whangamoa ki Kahurangi te rohe o Nga-ti Tama ki Te Tauihu
Waimeha
TE PŪOHO KI TE RANGI
Wāhanga 3
1 I whānau mai a Te Pūoho Ki Te Rangi i Poutama i Taranaki mārakiraki. Ko ia te tama mātāmua o Whangataki II rāua ko Hinewairoro me te tuakana o Te Taku rāua ko Te Rangitakaroro. Ka tupu a ia kia pakari, hei rangatira mō Ngāti Tama.
2 Nō te matenga o Raparapa i te pakanga ki Kāwhia, ka tū a Te Pūoho hei rangatira mō Ngāti Tama.
3 Nō te matenga o tōna tuakana a Te Taku i te pakanga, ka riro i a Te Pūoho tōna pouaru a Kauhoe me tā rāua tama a Paremata.
4 He toa pakanga a Te Pūoho, ā, i uru atu ki roto i ngā pakanga ā-iwi maha nei. Ko te mutunga iho, nāna tētehi ope nui i ārahi ki Kāpiti i te tonga, ki Te Whanganui a-Tara i ngā tau 1820-1830.
5 Kāore i roa i muri mai, i te taenga atu ki te takiwā o Kāpiti me Te Whanganui a-Tara, nā Te Pūoho rāua ko Paremata tētehi tauā i whakawhiti atu i te Moana Raukawakawa ki Te Tauihu. Ko te take, ki te ngaki i te matenga o Te Pēhi Kupe. He whanaunga tata nōna, i mate i Kaiapoi.
I a Te Pūoho e whakawhiti ana i ngā rironga whenua nāna ngā tohu i poua ai ki:
6 Wakapuaka 7 Waimeha
8 Te Mamaku 9 Puketūtū
10 Mohua 11 Te Tai Poutini
12 Nō te tau 1836, i arahina e Te Pūoho tōna tauā whakamutunga ki Tūtūrau, ki reira mate ai i te pakanga me ōna tāngata, tāne mai, wāhine mai.
Ka ora tonu a Paremata i te korowai o Taiaroa, he rangatira nō Ngāi Tahu. He tauutuutu nōna. Nā Paremata a ia i ora ai ki Kaiapoi engari a Te Pūoho, e kore e taea.
Wakapuaka
Waimeha
Te Mamaku
Puketūtū
Mohua
WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga | WHĀRANGI 5
Te Tai Poutini
Ngā takahanga waewae o
Te Pūoho
TE TAI TAPU/MOHUA
IKA-A-MĀUI
KĀWHIA KAIAPOI
TE
TARANAKI
TŪTŪRAU
WAKAPUAKA
WHANGANUI A TARA WAIRAU
TAI POUTINI MOTUEKA KĀPITI 6 4 5 WAIMEHA WAKATŪ 2 3 ŌHĀRIU PORIRUA
WAIPOUNAMU
TE
TE
TE
POUTAMA 1 7 11 10 TE MAMAKU 8 9 PUKETŪTŪ 12 WHĀRANGI 6 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
WĪ KĀTENE TE PŪOHO Wāhanga 4
I whānau mai a Wī Kātene Te Pūoho i te takiwā o te tau 1815. Ko ōna mātua ko Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi rāua ko Kauhoe nō Te Ātiawa. He ingoa anō ōna, ko Wīremu Kātene, ko Te Manu me E Manu. Ko Wī Kātene te rangatira i Wakapuaka, ko te papakāinga tata ake ki Whakatū i taua wā.
Wī Kātene rāua ko tana hoa rangatira a Wikitōria Te Amohau, tamāhine o Hēnare Te Keha o Te Ātiawa ki Mohua, i iriiritia ai hei mihingare i Kohitātea i te tau 1844. Ka tapaina rāua ki ngā ingoa karaitiana ko William Cotton rāua ko Victoria Cotton. Ka iriiritia hoki i taua rā tonu, tā rāua tamāhine a Ngāhota Ngārongoā ki a Julia. Nō muri mai, ka mōhiotia whānuitia hei Hūria Mātenga, mō āna mahi whakaora i ngā kaumoana o te kaipuke Delaware i pae ki uta ki ngā toka i Wakapuaka i te tau 1863.
Kua roa nei a Wī Kātene e whakaute ana ki te Kamupene o Aotearoa, ngā manene me ngā āpiha o te karauna. I tūtaki tuatahi atu ki a Kāpene Arthur Wakefiled i te tau 1841, i Astrolabe, i a ia e haere ana ki Mohua mā runga waka. Ko tā Wakefield mahi, ko whiriwhiri i te whakataunga o ngā whenua ki Whakatū me te tuku koha ki ngā rangatira.
He tangata mau ki te rangimārie a Wī Kātene, nāna tōna whānau me Ngāti Tama i ārahi mai i Motueka tae atu ki Mohua. He kaha nōna ki te whakawhiti i
Te Manu Whenua Tāpui
E ai ki ngā kōrero, nā ngā hoariri o Te Pūoho ki te Rangi te ingoa Te Manu i tapaina ai ki runga i a ia, nā tōna reo rōreka. Nā Wī Kātene anō hoki taua ingoa.
I te 31 o Poutū te-rangi i te tau 1842, nā te kōmiti tapa ingoa tiriti ki Whakatū, i whakaae ki te ingoa Te Manu, i ēnei rā ko te Tiriti o Emano. Ko Wī Kātene anahe te rangatira e ora ana e whakanui pēnei ana.
I te tau 1842, nā taua kōmiti i panoni ki te ingoa E Manu. Nō te takanga o te wā, ka panoni mai i E Manu ki te ingoa Emano, kua neke atu i te kotahi rau tau te roa. Nā ngā kainoho hapori te kaupapa i kōkiri kia purutia te whenua Emano mō te marea, kia whakatikaina hoki te ingoa.
E tika ana, kia tū te whenua hei tohu maharatanga ki a Te Manu, nā te kaha me te māia o te marea.
Kua roa nei a Wī Kātene e whakaute ana ki te Kamupene o Aotearoa, ngā manene me ngā āpiha o te karauna.
MAUĪ: E Manu Rangatira - Wakapuaka 1843? Ref: A-286-001. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22468794
KATAU: Wī Kātene Te Pūoho (Te Manu) Rangatira o Ngāti Tama ki Wakapuaka. (Nelson Provincial Museum): Tyree Collection 70070/3
waenganui i tōna ao Māori me te ao hou nā te Pākehā i kawea mai.
He kaha manaaki nōna i tōna iwi me te pupuru i te whenua, kāore i whakaae kia tuku i a Wakapuaka ki te Karauna, koia te pokapū o Ngāti Tama.
Ko tā tētehi, ka noho te katoa i Wakapuaka i roto i te kotahitanga, nā ‘te kakara peange o Wī Kātene’.
I mate a Wī Kātene i te tau 1880.
NGĀRONGOĀ KĀTENE Wāhanga 5
I whānau mai i te takiwā o te tau 1840 ki Wakapuaka. I tapaina ki te ingoa Ngārongoā Kātene engari ko Ngā Hota anō tētehi ingoa ōna. Nō tōna iriiringa, ka mōhiotia ki a Hūria Mātenga.
Nō ngā kāwai Ariki Kāhu Tātara a Ngārongoā i heke mai i ngā waka o Tokomaru me Tainui me ngā iwi o Te Āti Awa, o Ngāti Tama, o Ngāti Toa Rangatira anō hoki.
Ko Te Pūoho Ki Te Rangi rāua ko Kauhoe ōna tūpuna. Ko Wī Kātene Te Pūoho, te rangatira i Wakapuaka, tōna matua. Ko Wikitōria Te Amohau, te tamāhine o Hēnare Tātana Te Keha, rangatira o Te Ātiawa ki Mohua, tōna whaene.
KEI RUNGA: Ngārongoā Kātene 1843-1909 Kāitā: Te Aratoi o Whakatu. Purchased by public subscription in 1910 94. Artist - Gottfried Lindaur.
WHĀRANGI 8 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
He Moe Taumau
Ko te kaupapa ake o ngā moe taumau he rautaki kia aukati ai te putanga mai o te riri. Te tikanga, kia hono tahi ai ngā kāwai rangatira nā te whakaaetanga o ngā iwi e rua.
Nō te tau 1858, tekau mā ono te pahake, ka moe taumau a Ngārongoā ki a Hēmi Mātenga me ōna hononga ki ngā iwi o Te Ātiawa me Whakarongotai. Ka moetahi a Ngārongoā ki a Hēmi kia mau tonu ai ngā hononga a-whakapapa ā, haere ake nei.
Nā te korenga ōna ki te whakawhānau tamariki mai, i whakaae a Ngārongoā kia moe a Hēmi ki tana whanaunga ki a Ngāwaina kia whai uri ai. Ko Ngāwaina te tamāhine a Paremata rāua ko Ngāmīanga.
Nā Ngārongoā rāua ko Hēmi a Mamae i whakatupu i Wakapuaka hei tamāhine mā rāua.
TAHA MAUĪ: Hēmi Waipunahau Mātenga 1829-1912. Nelson Provinical Museum, Tyree Collection, 59206.
TAHA KATAU: Mamae Mātenga NPM 29492/3.
TAHA KATAU O RUNGA: Ngā kāinga o Ngārongoā Kātene.
KEI RARO IHO KI TE TAHA KATAU: He whakaahua i tangohia i ngā tau 1890. Ko Ngārongoā Kātene e whakaatu atu nei i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te paenga o te kaipuke Delaware ki Wakapuaka i te tau 1863. Nā tōna rangatira a Hēmi rātou ko Kerei, ko Eraia, ko Hōhapuku Kahupuku ngā kairauora i ngā kaumoana o te waka i ora ai.
Ka arohaina te mokopuna o Te Pūoho e te marea, ā, ka kohi pūtea ka hokona he wāti kōura māna me te tuku i te 50 pauna ki ngā kairauora.
URL - https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/28829/ delaware-crew-rescue-huria-Mātenga
| Ō Tātou Taonga | WHĀRANGI 9
WAKAPUAKA
Te Paenga ki Te Whanga o Delaware
I te tau 1863, i rongonui whānuitia ai a Ngārongoā rātou ko Hēmi, ko Hōhapata Hurumutu, ko Eraia, ko Kerei.
I te pō o te 4 o Mahuru i te tau 1863, i tūpono atu te kaipuke hou ko te Delaware ki te āwhā, ā ka pae ki uta, ki ngā toka i te take o ngā pari ki Wakapuaka. Nō ōna tau rua tekau te pahake o Ngārongoā i te paenga mai o te kaipuke, i tae atu ai rātou ko Hēmi, ko Hōhapata, ko Eraia, ko Kerei, ki te āwhina i ngā kaumoana. Nā ā rātou mahi, tokowaru ngā kaumoana me tētehi tangata kē atu i tae ki uta. Kotahi anahe te tangata i mate.
I te hui ōkawa nā te rangatira o Whakatū i whakarite, ka whakanuia ngā kairauora i te nui o te manaaki me te āwhina i te wā o te paenga. Mei kore ake a Ngārongoā me ōna whanaunga, kāore e kore, ka mate te katoa.
Nā āna mahi nui, ka whiwhi a Ngārongoā he wāti kōura me te 50 pauna. Ka whiwhi hoki a Hēmi rāua ko Hōhapata i te 50 pauna me te wāti hiriwa. Ka whiwhi a Eraia rāua ko Kerei i te 10 pauna. Ahakoa i tukuna ēnei taonga hei koha mō ā rātou toanga i te whanga o Delaware, he utu kē ēnei mō ngā whenua o Ngāti Tama, kua rāhuitia hei nohoanga mā ngā manene.
He māra ā Ngārongoā ki Tūrakiwaru me Tuarāwhāiti. He kitenga ōna e kaukau ana i a ia e haere ana ki te ngaki māra. Ka noho hei rangatira a Ngārongoā ki Wakapuaka tae noa ki tōna matenga i te tau 1909.
Neke atu i te 2,000 tāngata i tae atu ki tōna uhunga.
I puta katoa mai te marea huri noa i Aotearoa nei, Māori mai, Pākehā mai ki te poroporoaki ki tēnei wahine kaha, wahine māia, wahine ātaahua anō hoki.
KEI RUNGA: Ko te uhunga o Ngārongoā Kātene.Jones, Frederick Nelson, 18811962: Negatives of the Nelson district. Ref: 1/1-009423-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. / records/23224415.
KEI WAENGANUI I TE TAHA MAUĪ: Te whakaahua e whakaatu nei i te paenga ki uta o te kaipuke Delaware ki Wakapuaka. Jones, Frederick Nelson, 1881-1962: Negatives of the Nelson district. Ref: 1/1-002018-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23018788.
KEI WAENGANUI I TE TAHA KATAU: Ko te pere i tangohia i te paenga o te kaipuke Delaware i te tau 1863. Nelson Provincial Museum Collection: NI.432.
URL - https://collection.nelsonmuseum. co.nz/objects/20/delaware-bell
KEI RARO IHO: Ko te wāhi i pāea ai te kaipuke ki uta.
WHĀRANGI 10 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
NGĀ WHENUA TŪPUNA Wāhanga 6
Rotokura
He whenua tūpuna a Wakapuaka nō Ngāti Tama me ngā whānau e noho ana hei kaitiaki pēnei me te Hūria Mātenga Trust me te Wakapuaka 1B Trust. Ahakoa ko Wakapuaka te ingoa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, he ingoa anō ōna pēnei i a Whakapuaka, i a Whakapouanga, i a Whakapouaka rānei ki tā te mita o Ngāi Tahu. Nā ēnei kōwhiringa ōna, he uaua ki te whakatau ko tēwhea te mea tūturu.
Kei tēnei takiwā:
• he wāhi tapu
• he pā tawhito
• he mahinga kai
• he rongoā
• he papakāinga
• he urupā
Wakapuaka
Kohi te Wai
Hira
Kohi te Wai
Horoirangi
| Ō Tātou Taonga | WHĀRANGI 11
WAKAPUAKA
TE TAIĀPURE O WAKAPUAKA Wāhanga 7
Ko te Taiāpure tētehi taputapu i whakamahia e te Kāwanatanga e tohu ana ki te Māori hei tangata whenua e pupuru nei i tōna rangatiratanga i ōna tauranga ika e ai ki te Wāhanga Tuarua o Te Tiriti o Waitangi.
Ko te Taiāpure ki Wakapuaka i te Whanga o Delaware, i te taha rāwhiti o Whakatū , e toro atu ana ki Ataata ki Whangamoa, ki Rotokura ki te motu o Māhēipuku anō hoki.
Nā Ngāti Tama Manawhenua Ki Te Tau Ihu Trust i te tau 1997 te kaupapa i whakatakoto, ā, ka whakaae e te Kāwanatanga i te tau 2002.
Ko ngā whāinga o Ngā Kaitiaki kia āta tiakina ngā tauranga ika kia ora anō ai ngā momo kai pēnei i te pāua, te kōura, te pātiki, te tāmure, te kina, te tio me te tipa.
Kua riro mā Ngāti Tama te kōmiti whakahaere e hautū, atu i te Māori, te hapori, ngā rōpū hī ika mahi ā-rēhia, kaihao arumoni rānei me ngā kaupapa tiaki taiao. Ka taea e te kōmiti te whakatakoto i ngā ture hei whāomoomo, hei whakahaere i ngā rawa o te Taiāpure.
Key
Rotokura
He kāwa
He toka
He kirikiri
He one
He paru
Whangamoa
Puketī
Wakapuaka
Nōhanga Māori
Te Taiāpure o Wakapuaka - mapi nōhanga
Whangamoa
Puketī
Nōhanga Māori Māhēipuku Rotokura
Wakapuaka
Taiāpure. Ken Grange NIWA. Tīkina ngā mapi Taiāpure i konei
Kūrae Whero
Kūrae Whero
Ataata
WHĀRANGI 12 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
Ataata
Te Parumoana o Wakapuaka
Ko Te Parumoana o Wakapuaka, ko te Wakapuaka Estuary, te Delaware Bay Estuary rānei, he tata atu ki te pūaha o te awa o Wakapuaka, e karapotia nei e te motu o Māhēipuku me te pā tawhito o Rotokura.
Nō te rironga i a Wakapuaka i ngā tau 1820, ka whai mana a Te Pūoho Ki Te Rangi i ngā whenua me te takutai moana ā, ka heke iho ki tana mokopuna ki a Ngārongoā, tae noa ki te whānau e noho nei.
Ka whai mana tonu a Ngāti Tama ki te pūaha i raro anō i ngā uara a-hītōria, a-wairua, a-ahurea anō hoki. Ko te whāomoomo o te pūaha e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi e tiaki ana, e whakahaumaru ana i ngā painga o te koiora me te hauropi o ngā wāhi pēnei i;
• Ngā wāhi tapu
• Ngā wāhi mātai whaipara tangata
• Ngā mahinga kai
• Ngā mahinga rongoā
• Ngā wāhi whāomoomo
• Ngā kōhanga ika
• Ngā kōhanga manu
• Ngā wāhi mahi a-rēhia
• Te taiāpure me ngā mahinga mātaitai
WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga | WHĀRANGI 13
TAHA MAUĪ O RUNGA: Ko Raha Stephens e whāngai rakiraki ana. Ko te toenga, ko ngā whakaahua o Te Parumoana o Wakapuaka.
TE AWA O WAKAPUAKA Wāhanga 8
He pai te kanorau koiora o te awa o Wakapuaka. Ka tīmata te awa i te mātāpuna i Whangamoa, ā ka tūhono mai ngā momo manga, ka puta i Paremata ki te pūaha tae noa ki te Whanga o Delaware.
E 33 ngā whakaraerae ā-motu kua tohua i tēnei taihua. He 12 he ika hekeheke, he whāngote moana rānei, ki te taiao moana o Whakatū tae atu ki te
Whanga o Delaware. E rima ngā ika taketake kei Wakapuaka, ko te kōkopu rarahi, ko te tuna urutira roa, ko te kōaro, ko te īnanga me te piharau. TIROHIA A LAWA: https://www.lawa.org.nz/explore-data/ nelson-region/river-quality/wakapuaka-river/
He whakaihiihi kaitiaki
Mai i uta ki te tai te aronga matua o Ngāti Tama i te tāuru o ngā awa ki a Tangaroa. E mahi tahi ana ki ngā awa me te whenua i ēnei nōhanga. Ko te whāinga, kia ako ngā tamariki hei kaitiaki i ēnei nōhanga, kia mau tonu ai ngā akoranga mā ngā whakatupuranga, ā, haere ake nei. Ko ngā whakaahua o ngā tamariki e āta tirohia ana ngā pūnaha hauropi o te awa.
WHĀRANGI 14 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
NGĀ UARA E PĀ ANA KI TE WAI
Ngāti Tama Section
E aro nui ana a Ngāti Tama hei kaitiaki i a Wakapuaka, ki ngā uara e pā ana ki te wai e toitū tonu ai te whenua me ngā mea e ora ana. Ko ngā tauākī e whai ake nei, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te wai ki a Ngāti Tama me tō mātou manawanui ki te whakahaumaru i ngā arawai mā ngā uki whakaheke.
WHAKAPAPA OF WAI
He mea nui kia mārama pai ai i ngā uara e pā ana ki te wai.
KAITIAKI
Ko te haepapa kia whakaute, kia whakahaumaru ai te wai i nāia tonu nei ā, mā ngā uki whakaheke.
MAURI
koia ko te hā o te ora, arā, ko te hauora me te oranga tonutanga o te whānau.
TIKANGA AND KAWA
mā ēnei e ārahi i te whakahaeretanga o ngā rawa Māori.
9
NGĀ MOMO TAONGA
Wāhanga 10
Tāne Mahuta
Ko Tāne Mahuta te atua o te ngahere me ngā mea katoa e ora ana. Ko Tāne nui-ā-rangi, ko Tāne tokorangi ētehi atu ingoa ōna. He tama nā Ranginui rāua ko Papatūānuku.
Haumia Tiketike
Ko Haumia Tiketike te atua o ngā kai Māori e tupu ake ana i te whenua pēnei me te aruhe me ngā tū momo ngāngara.
He tama hoki a ia nā Rangi rāua ko Papa. He ingoa anō ōna, ko Haumia, ko Haumie, ko Haumia Tikitiki anō hoki.
Ko tōna tuakana a Rongomātāne, te atua o ngā kai whakatupu pēnei me te kūmara, te taro me te uhi.
WAKAPUAKA e tino ora ana
Kawakawa
Ko te kawakawa tētehi o ngā tino rongoā o te Māori.
Mā te āta ngaungau i ngā rau, hei inu rānei kia mauru atu ai te ngau puku, te tokopaha rānei. He rongoā, he inu tī hoki hei whakaoho anō i te wairua.
Ka whakamahia te kawakawa hei whakapai marū, te rūmātiki, ngā momo wero me te harehare anō hoki.
Kua roa nei te kawakawa e whakamahingia ana hei kōmitimiti, hei whakapiripiri mō ngā momo māuiuitanga i te wā o te hōtoke.
Korimako
Mātātā Kōtare
Kererū
Tūī
Tangaroa
Ko Tangaroa te atua o te moana me te kaitiaki o ngā aitanga e noho ana i reira. Nā Rangi rāua ko Papa hoki a ia.
Ngā Ika
Kei ngā manga, ngā roto, ngā awa me ngā rohe kōreporepo ngā aitanga ika 54 e noho ana, he īnanga, he toitoi, he tuna, he piharau, he pātiki pango, he panoko, he ngaore me te kanae. Ko ēnei ngā mea e mōhiotia ana i tēnei wā!
Ko ngā mea e rima e ora ana i te nōhanga o Wakapuaka ko te kōkopu rarahi, ko te tuna urutira roa, ko te kōaro, ko te īnanga, ko te piharau me te toitoi e kitea nuitia ana.
Piharau
tuna engari he whanaunga tata ki te mangō me te whai.
Karepō
Ko tēnei anahe te tupu whaipua e rumakina ana e te tai. He tupu mātai hauropi e whakatū nōhanga mā ngā momo ika me ngā tuaiwi kore pēnei me te kūao pātiki, te pāpaka me te tuangi.
Matuku
Tōrea
Karoro
Kawau
urutira roa
Ka piki whakarunga ngā tuna i ngā awa hei kūao ki te kimi nōhanga mōna. Nā wai rā, ka heke ki te moana ki te whakatupu, ā mate noa.
Kōaro
He toa ki te piki i ngā momo taupā, he pai ki a ia te wai Māori e tere haere ana me ngā rākau whakamarumaru.
Īnanga
E kitea nuitia ana e tēnei momo ika.
Ko ia te mea ririki o tēnei aitanga. Tīmata mai ai hei hua ki ngā otaota kei ngā tahataha o ngā manga.
Toitoi
E whitu ngā momo toitoi i Aotearoa nei. Kei ngā nōhanga penei me ngā manga, ngā awa me ngā roto. He kirihuna tō te toitoi i te one me ngā toka engari e kitea ana e nekeneke haere ana i ngā wai pāpaku.
Kōkopu Rarahi
Ko te kōkopu rarahi te mea rahi o tēnei momo aitanga. Ka eke tōna rahi mai i te 300 ki te 500 mitamano.
Kuputaka
Āpiha o te karauna – crown officials
Ariki Kāhu Tātara – High Chieftainess of scattered tribes
Ataata Point – West of Cable Bay
Awa – river
Hapū – tribe
Harehare – eczema
Haumi – alliance
Hekenga – migrations
Ika hekeheke – migratory fish
Kaiapoi – North Canterbury
Kāinga – occupation site
Kairauora – rescuers
Kaitiaki – guardian
Kaitiaki – Trust board members
Kaiwhakatupu – cultivated food, crops
Kanae – mullet
Kanorau koiora – biodiversity
Kāwa – reef
Kawa – cultural protocols
Kāwhia – Coastal town on the West Coast of the Waikato region
Kēkerengū – North of Kaikōura Stinkroach
Kirihuna – camouflage
Kirikiri – gravel
Koha – gift of appreciation
Kōkopu rarahi – giant kōkopu
Kokoraho – land claim
Kōpā – alienated from their land
Korowai – cloak
Kūao – young of an animal
Māhēipuku – Pepin Island
Mahinga kai – an area where food is produced or harvested
Māminga – fraudulent
Manene – settlers, immigrants
Manga – stream
Mātai hauropi – ecology
Mātaitai – seafood, food from the sea including fish
Mauri – life essence
Mohua – Golden Bay/Farewell Spit
Ngāi Tahu – South Island iwi
Ngaore – smelt (small freshwater fish)
Ngāti Toa Rangatira – Tribe of Tainui descent located in the Porirua and Kāpiti Coast area
Ngāngara – insects
Ngau puku – stomach pain
Ngeri – chant
One – sand
Pae (a) (nga) – shipwrecked, cast ashore
Pā – ancient fortified village, sometimes referred to the modern marae complex
Pahake – age, adult
Panoko – torrentfish
Papakāinga – communal setting encompassing the marae and buildings
Paru – mud
Piharau – lamprey eel (kanakana – Ngāi Tahu)
Poutama – Northern Taranaki
Puketūtū – Coastline in Motueka
Pūnaha hauropi – ecosystem
Rangatira – leader
WHĀRANGI 18 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
Rawa māori – natural resources
Rerenga rauropi – biodiversity
Rohe kōreporepo – wetlands
Rongoā – natural remedies used for medicinal purposes
Rotokura – Cable Bay
Taupā – barrier, obstruction
Te Ātiawa – Taranaki tribe
Te Mamaku – an ancient pā site situated near the Kina Peninsular
Te Tai Poutini – Westland/West Coast of the South Island
Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Māui – Prow of the Waka of Māui/Top of the South region
Te Ūpoko o Te Ika – the greater Wellington area
Tikanga – cultural practices
Toitoi – common bully (endemic fish of NZ)
Toka – boulder(s)
Tokopaha – indigestion
Tuaiwi kore – invertebrate
Tuarāwhāiti – shortened or narrowing of the spine - this eludes to the sandspit Delaware Bay
Tuna urutira roa – long finned eel
Tupu whaipua – flowering plant
Tūpuna Whenua – ancestral land or territories
Turakiwaru – land at Wakapuaka
Tūtūrau – Southland
Uara – value(s)
Uhunga – funeral (also tangi)
Uhi – yam
Uki whakaheke – future generations
Urupā – ancient or current burial site, cemetery Utu – revenge, respond
Wāhi tapu – sacred space or area where entry may be restricted
Wai – waters, can be a stream, creek, river
Waiora – health of a person, area or thing
Waikawa – a coastal settlement and marae near the town of Picton (Waitohi)
Waimeha – Waimea Plains
Wairau – Blenheim area
Whaene – mother, aunt
Whakapapa – genealogy or genealogical ties
Whakaraerae ā-motu – nationally endangered species
Whakataunga – treaty settlement
Whāomoomo – conserve, conservation
Whāngote moana – marine mammal
Whakaekenga – raid
Whakarongotai – A settlement on the Kāpiti Coast
Whānau – family/families
Whanaunga – extended family member/ cousin/relative
Whangamoa Head – North east of Delaware Bay
Whenua – country, land, nation, state
Whenua tāpui – reserve land
Tamaariki
Rārangi pukapuka
NGERI – TUATIA
AU:
Nā Pohe Stephens tēnei ngeri i whakahīa ake i te tau 2021 mā te whānau i Wakapuaka.
NGĀTI TAMA KI TE TAU IHU AND THE CROWN DEED OF SETTLEMENT:
https://ngatitama.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1-NgatiTamakiTeTauIhuiDOS-part-1.pdf
TE TAU IHU O TE WAKA: A History of Māori of Nelson and Marlborough Volume I: Hilary and John Mitchell.
TE TANGATA ME TE WHENUA: The People and the Land: Hilary and John Mitchell, 2004.
KŌRERO Ā-WAHA: Andrew Stephens – Wakapuaka whānau of Ngāti Tama.
NGĀTI TAMA KI TE TAUIHU:
https://ngatitama.nz/ngati_tama/our-history/
WAKAPUAKA AWA/RIVER:
https://www.nelson.govt.nz/assets/Environment/Healthy-Streams/Wakapuaka-River-Booklet-2007.PDF
https://www.lawa.org.nz/explore-data/nelson-region/river-quality/wakapuaka-river/
WAKAPUAKA TAIĀPURE:
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-taiapure-nelson%E2%80%99s-delaware-bay
WAKAPUAKA FIELD GUIDE:
http://www.nelson.govt.nz/environment/healthy-streams/healthy-streams-field-guides/
Produced by the Healthy Streams Project in partnership with Ngāti Tama ki Te Waipounamu Trust, NMIT, Cawthron Institute, Waimaori Freshwater, and Nelson City Council.
KOHINGA KUPUTAKA
www.maoridictionary.co.nz – Te Aka nzetc.victoria.ac.nz – Dictionary of the Māori Language (Victoria University) paekupu.co.nz - Paekupu
WHĀRANGI 20 | WAKAPUAKA | Ō Tātou Taonga
WHAKAPĀ MAI
NGĀTI TAMA KI TE WAIPOUNAMU TRUST 74 Waimea Road, Nelson 7010
TE WĀHI TUKU RETA PO Box 914, Nelson 7040
TARI
03 458 1740 | 0800 8262 494 (TAMA IWI) taiao@ngati-tama.iwi.nz
TUIHONE KI A NGĀTI TAMA ngatitama.nz