IVSA Rampur Vetzine Volume 1 Issue 2 by ivsarampur

Vol ume1 I ssue02 Apr i l2021

Ve t z i ne TheMagazi neofVetSt udent s

I VSA Rampur Di ar i es

Expl or et heevent sand moment sofI VSA Rampur

Ar t Gal l er y

Moment swher e cr eat i vi t ymeet sski l l

MO’ sAl l y Wi ng

Know mor eaboutour I VSA f ami l y

St andi ngCommi t t e Cor ner

Expl or et hedi f f er entaspect s ofani mall i f ei nNepal

I VSARa mpura ndI VSARa mpurVe t z i neEdi t or i a lBoa r dwoul d l i ket oe xpr e s ss i nc e r egr a t i t udet ot heOf f i c eofDe a n( F AVF , AFU) ,I nt e r na t i ona lVe t e r i na r ySt ude nt s ’ As s oc i a t i on( I VSA) , St a ndi ngCommi t t e eonVe t e r i na r yEduc a t i on( SCOVE) , I nt e r na t i ona lVe t e r i na r ySt ude nt s ’ As s oc i a t i onNe pa l( I VSANe pa l ) Mr .Sudi pRe gmi ,Mr . Aa s hi r ba dPokhr e l ,Mr .Di be kKa r kia ndt o a l lt e a c he r s ,pr of e s s or s&ot he rhe l pi ngha ndswhodi r e c t l yor i ndi r e c t l yhe l pe dust hr oughoutourmove me nta ndt hepubl i c a t i on pr oc e s s . Bi gt h a nkst oa l l! ! ! ! !

I nt e r na t i ona lVe t e r i na r ySt ude nt s ’ As s oc i a t i on( I VSA)Ra mpur , Agr i c ul t ur ea ndFor e s t r yUni ve r s i t yi sal oc a lCha pt e rof I nt e r na t i ona lVe t e r i na r ySt ude nt s ’ As s oc i a t i on( I VSA)Ne pa l .I ti s ano npr of i ta ndc ompl e t e l yt e c hni c a lor ga ni z a t i onba s e dont he mi s s i onofI VSAGl oba lwhi c hi st obe ne f i tt hea ni ma l sa ndpe opl e oft hewo r l dbyha r ne s s i ngt hepot e nt i a la ndde di c a t i onof ve t e r i na r ys t ude nt st opr omot et hei nt e r na t i ona la ppl i c a t i onof ve t e r i na r ys ki l l s ,e duc a t i ona ndknowl e dge .I VSARa mpuri s f or me dwi t ht hemot i vet oupl i f tve t e r i na r ye duc a t i ona nda ni ma l he a l t ha nda s s i s t i ngi nma i nt a i npr ope rwe l f a r eofa ni ma l sa swe l l a si ndi vi dua l sofAgr i c ul t ur ea ndFor e s t r yUni ve r s i t ya ndi t s pr e mi s e s .

Basi cal l y ,t hepur poseofi nst i gat i ngt hi smagazi nei deai st o encompassal lani malr el at edi ssuesbyt heact i vepar t i ci pat i onand col l abor at i onofal lent husi ast i cf acesal lar oundt hegl obe.Wear e nother et oj ustcol l ectandpubl i sht hear t i cl es,r esear chpaper sbut wear et r yi ngt odi ver si f yourappr oacht owar dssomecr eat i vear eas t oo.Wear ehopi ngf orsomecr eat i vi t yi nourVet er i nar yf i el dt oo. Whynotmakei tengr ossi ng? Whycan’ twewr i t epoems,st or i es r egar di ngani mali ssues?Notonl yt hat ,weal soacceptphot ogr aphy r el at edt ovetdr awi ngs,f act s,amazi ngandmanymor e. So,wehavet r i edt owor kj oi nt l yt oi ncl udeal lt hevet sar oundt he gl obet ocent r al i zevar i ouscr eat i vewor ksi noneshor tmagazi ne. Ourmai nef f or twi l lal waysbet omaket hewor ksf asci nat i ngand engr ossi ng.Vet Magazi nej ustdoesn’ tf ocusonourcur r i cul um r el at edar t i cl esbutal sosomenew exper i encesencount er edi nour f i el d,someawar enessr el at edpost s,somef unwor ks.

I ti sama t t e rofi mme ns epl e a s ur ea ndpr i det obr i ngoutt hes e c ondi s s ue of' I VSA Ra mpurVe t z i ne , 'a nonl i net r i mont hl yma ga z i ne .I twa sa t e di ousye t e xc i t i ngj our ne yt oha vet hi sf i r s t publ i c a t i o na va i l a bl e . Iwa nt t oe xpr e s smys i nc e r egr a t i t udet oa l lt hehe l pi ngha ndss uppor t i nga nd wor ki ngr e s pons i bl yt hr oughoutt hi sj our ne y . I VSARa mpur ,al oc a lc ha pt e rofI VSANe pa l ,i sanonpr o f i t ,t e c hni c a l or ga ni z a t i on ma r c hi ng a he a d wi t h a mot i ve t o upl i f tVe t e r i na r y Educ a t i on a nd Ani ma l He a l t h.The unf a l t e r i ng j our ne y of t hi s or ga ni z a t i on ha s br ought f or wa r d s i gni f i c a nt c ha nge si n t he unde r s t a ndi ng r e ga r di ng t he ve t e r i na r y pr o f e s s i on a nd ve t e r i na r y s e r vi c e sa mongt hes t a ke hol de r s .Thi sf i r s te di t i onof' I VSA Ra mpur Ve t z i ne ' c ompr i s e sRe vi e ws ,Poe ms ,St or i e s ,Bl ogs ,Es s a ys ,Phot os ,a nd Ar t sr e l a t e dt oVe t e r i na r ySc i e nc ea ndAni ma lHus ba ndr y . I ti ss ur et oa c ta sar e f r e s hi nga ndi ns i ght f ul gui de f or t he be t t e r me nt of ve t e r i na r y e duc a t i on.Fi na l l y ,Iwoul dl i ket oe xpr e s s c or di a lgr a t i t udet ot her e s pe c t e dt e a c he r s a nds e ni or s , c ol l e a gue s , a n de nde a r e dj uni or s wi t hout whom t hi s ma ga z i ne ' s ma t e r i a l i z a t i onwoul dha vebe e ni mpos s i bl e . I VSA Ra mpur he a r t i l y we l c ome s s ugge s t i onsa ndc ompl i me nt sont hi svol ume of' I VSARa mpurVe t z i ne , ' whi c hwi l la c tt o be t t e r me ntofupc omi ngma ga z i nei nf ut ur e .

Mr .Sami nDhahal Pr esi dent I VSA Rampur2020/ 21 Advi sor I VSA RampurVet zi ne

Ia ms oe l a t e dt oi ns t i ga t et hes e c ondt r i mont hl yma ga z i neofI VSA e nt i t l e d" I VSARa mpurVe t z i ne "ont hebe ha l fofwhol eI VSAf a mi l y . Wi t ha na i m ofe nc ompa s s i ngs e ve r a la ni ma lr e l a t e dmi l i e ua l ongwi t h publ i s hi ngupt oda t er e s e a r c hpa pe r s ,c a s e s t udi e s ,a nds e ve r a lc r e a t i ve &a r t i s t i cwor ksofs t ude nt s ,I VSARa mpurha ss t e ppe df or wa r dt ol a unc h t hi se xc i t i ngma ga z i ne . I VSA ha sa l wa ysbe e nwor ki ngf ort hebe t t e r me ntofs t ude nt sl e a r ni ng s ki l l se i t he ri npa pe r sori nt hef i e l d.Thi sne ws t e pha sbe e nagr e a t c ha l l e ngef orusa ndha sa l s oe xpe c t e ds omes wi t c ha nddi ve r s i t yt oour out r e a c h. Pe r s ona l l ys pe a ki ng,a sf a ra sIa mc onc e r ne d,t hi ski ndofma ga z i n ei sa t r e a tf ore nt hus i a s t i ca nde me r gi ngpr of e s s i ona l sl i keus .Ha vi ngbe e nn ot i nvol ve di nt hepr a c t i c a l f i e l dt ha t muc h, wec oul dge t t ogr a bal ot oft hi ngs f r omhe r e , a s s i s t i nga ndgui di ngusi nadi ve r s i f i e da ppr oa c h. Wec oul da l s o s howourc r e a t i vi t yhe r ea nda t t e mpt s ome t hi ngne wa l ongwi t hwr i t i ngour us ua la r t i c l e s .Ar t i s t i cwor ks ,phot ogr a phy , poe ms ,bl ogs ,opi ni ons ,s hor t s t or i e sa r es omeoft heopt i onsyouc oul dc hoos ef r om. Weha vea l s oi nt r o duc e daMOAl l ysWi ngs e c t i ont o i nc l udeas hor ti nt r oduc t or ya r t i c l eofr e s pe c t i veMOs a ndt hea c t i vi t i e sf r oma l l I VSAc ha pt e r sf ora l l a r ound t hegl obe . I t goe swi t hout s a yi ng, pe r s ona l orc ol l a bor a t i vewor ks woul dbea c c e pt e d.Thi si sac ha l l e ngef orusa ndwe e xpe c tal otofe nt hus i a s t i cf a c e sc omi ngf or wa r d. Tha nkyo ua l lofyoui na dva nc ef orc ont r i but i ngt o " Ve t z i ne " .

Mr .Saur abhGel al Edi t or I VSA Rampur2020/ 21 Edi t or i nChi ef I VSA RampurVet zi ne

He r eweg l a d l yp r e s e n tt h es e c o n di s s u eo f“ I VSA Ra mp u rVe t z i n e ” ,a t r i mo n t h l y ma g a z i n eo fI n t e r n a t i o n a lVe t e r i n a r y St u d e n t ’ sAs s o c i a t i o n ( I VSA)Ra mp u rwh i c hi sc r e a t e dt op r o v i d ev e t e r i n a r ys t u d e n t sap l a t f o r m t os h a p ea n ds h a r p e nt h e i rc r e a t i o n s .Web e l i e v ee v e r yb e a u t i f u lmi n dh a s s k i l l st od oa n ywo r ki nac r e a t i v ewa y . Th i sma g a z i n eh o l d st h ewh o l ep a c k a g eo fd e e d sa n dg a l l e r yo fI VSA Ra mp u r . Weh a v ed i v i d e dt h ema g a z i n ei nf o u rd i f f e r e n ts e c t i o n s . Th ev e r y f i r s t s e c t i o ns h o wst h ee v e n t sa n da c t i v i t i e so fI VSARa mp u re l a p s e dd u r i n g t h ef i r s tt h r e emo n t h so fo u rt e n u r e .Th es e c o n dh a ss u r p r i s e swi t ht h ea r t a n dc r e a t i o no fv e t e r i n a r ys t u d e n t s .Th et h i r ds e c t i o nt r a v e l st oo t h e rMOs , wh i c hd e mo n s t r a t e sa mu t u a lr e l a t i o n s h i pa n db r o t h e r h o o do fI VSA Ra mp u ra n dt h el a s tr e f l e c t st h eg r e a two r k sb yt h eSt a n d i n gCo mmi t t e e Co o r d i n a t o r so fI VSARa mp u r . Al o to fh e l p i n gh a n d swe r ei n v o l v e ds p e n d i n g t h e i rt o i l t oe x t r a c t t h eg r e a t ma t e r i a l s . Wewo u l d l i k et oa c k n o wl e d g eo u rt e a c h e r s ,me n t o r sa n d s e n i o r s , ma t e sa n dj u n i o r swh oh a v eg i v e ne v e r y b i to fe f f o r tt oc r a f ta n di mp r o v et h ema g a z i n e . o p ey o uf i n dt h i sf i r s ti s s u ev a l u a b l et oy o u Weh a n dh e l pg a t h e rs o meme mo r i e swi t hI VSA Ra mp u r .Wea l wa y swe l c o met h ef e e d b a c k s , s u g g e s t i o n sa n da p p r e c i a t i o n st or e v i t a l i z et h e ma g a z i n eo ni t ss e c o n di s s u e .Th a n ky o us o mu c h !

Mr .Somnat hAr yal Secr et ar y I VSA Rampur2020/ 21 Gr aphi csManager I VSA RampurVet zi ne

I VSA RampurVet zi ne

CONTENTS

18Literature

t t ee 38ArtGallery 40MO Ally’sW ing 44 StandinCgoCrnoemmi r

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Wi t ht hea i m ofr a i s i nga wa r e ne s sa bout t hedi f f e r e ntwi l dl i f es pe c i e swhi c ha r e of t e nl e s sknown,I VSA Ra mpurs t a r t e d " We dne s da yWi l dl i f eWonde r s "c a mpa i gn whe r e we pos ti nf or ma t i on a boutt he wi l dl i f es pe c i e se ve r yWe dne s da y . Webe ga n wi t ht hei nt r oduc t i on oft h e whi t e be l l i e d mus k de e rorHi ma l a y a n mus kde e r( Mos c husl e uc oga s t e r ) .I ti sa mus k de e rs pe c i e s oc c ur r i ng i nt he Hi ma l a ya s of Ne pa l , Bhut a n, I ndi a , Pa ki s t a na nd Chi na .I ti sl i s t e da s e nda nge r e dont heI UCNRe dLi s t be c a us e ofove r e xpl oi t a t i onr e s ul t i ngi napr oba bl e s e r i o uspopul a t i onde c l i ne .

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I VSARa mpura l ongwi t h1 1ot he rI VSA MOshos t e dt heve r yf i r s ti nt e r na t i ona l c oop e r a t i onwi t hi nI VSA MOsf r om a l l a r oundt h egl obe ;I VSAAni ma lNut r i t i on Conf e r e nc e "on13t h14t h( La r geAni ma l s Nut r i t i on)a nd20t h21s tMa r c h( Sma l l Ani ma l s Nut r i t i on) wi t h a mot i ve t o i mpr ove t he knowl e dge a bout a ni ma l nut r i t i onbys ha r i ngs c i e nt i f i ce xpe r i e nc e wi t he xpe r t sf r oma l la r oundt hewor l d. Ours i nc e r e gr a t i t ude t o ourr e s pe c t e d pr of e s s orDr .BhumiN De vkot a,DVM, Ph D Pr of e s s or , Ve t e r i na r y Sc i e nc e ( The r i oge nol ogy) f or be i ng our k e y s pe a ke rpr e s e nt i ngwi t ht het opi c-Bone r e s or pt i on a nd c a l c i um home os t a s i si n da i r yc owsa r oundpa r t ur i t i on.

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I VSARa mpurc e l e br a t e d' Ani ma lWe l f a r eWe e k-2021' f r om22ndt o28t hMa r c ht o a c hi e vet hegoa lofi mpr ovi ngve t e r i na r ypr a c t i c e s ,a wa r e ne s sona ni ma lwe l f a r ea s we l la si mpr ovi ngt hepr e s e ntc ondi t i onofa ni ma l sonf a r ms ,s t r e e t sa ndr e s i de nt i a l a r e a s . Fo l l owi ngpr ogr a mswe r eor ga ni z e dt oma r kt hewe e k. 1.Vi de oa wa r e ne s sonAni ma lwe l f a r e 22ndMa r c h 2.Pa r t i c i p a t i ononSCAW De ba t e 23r dMa r c h 3.Fr e ePPRVa c c i na t i onCa mpa i gn 24t hMa r c h 4.Pl e dgeboa r df ora ni ma lwe l f a r e 25t hMa r c h 5.Pr e s e nt a t i onona ni ma lwe l f a r e 26t hMa r c h 6.Ani ma lWe l f a r eQui z 27t hMa r c h 7.I nf ogr a phi c ss ha r i ng 22ndt o28t hMa r c h 8.Ca ndl el i ght i ngf ora ni ma lwe l f a r e 28t hMa r c h 1.Vi de oa wa r e ne s sonAni ma lwe l f a r e -22ndMa r c h Tos pr e a da wa r e ne s sona ni ma lwe l f a r e ,me mbe r sf r om I VSARa mpurpr e s e nt e da s hor tvi de oont heoc c a s i onofAni ma lWe l f a r eWe e k. 2.Pa r t i c i p a t i oni nSCAW De ba t eCompe t i t i onont het opi c" El e pha nt Ri di ngShoul d BeBa nne d. " Pa r t i c i pa nt sf r omI VSARa mpurwe r e : Pr opos i t i on: Ya s hodaKha dka Ma da nKha na l Oppos i t i on: Su di pAr ya l SCAW DEBATECompe t i t i onwa sor ga ni z e d byI VSASt a ndi ngCommi t t e eonAni ma l l f a r e . We Wea r et ha nkf ult oI VSASCAW f orpr ovi di ng s uc hagr e a toppor t uni t y .

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3.Fr e ePPRVa c c i na t i onCa mpa i gn-24t hMa r c h I VSARa mpure f f i c a c i ous l yc ompl e t e da not he re ve nt ofPPRva c c i na t i onpr ogr a mme a tBi s hwoSha nt ic howk,Chi t wa non24t hMa r c h,2021. Al lt ot a lof100goa t swe r eva c c i na t e da nd25f a r me r swe r ebe ne f i t e dbyt hi s va c c i na t i onpr ogr a mme .

4.Pl e dgeboa r df ora ni ma lwe l f a r e 25t hMa r c h I VSA Ra mpuri spr e s e nt e dapl e dge boa r d t o wr i t e s ome s t r ong de t e r mi na t i on f or t he we l f a r e of a ni ma l sa r oundusi nt hea us pi c i ous oc c a s i onof Ani ma l We l f a r eWe e k. The l i nk f ort he pl e dge boa r di sgi ve n be l ow: i vs a . l or dbuddha t e a c hi ngs . c om

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5.Pr e s e nt a t i onona ni ma lwe l f a r e -26t hMa r c h Ac c or di ngt ot hewe e kl ys c he dul ef orAni ma l We l f a r e We e k, I VSA Ra mpur e f f i c i e nt l y c ompl e t e di t ' s32nd e pi s odeofGood Fr i da y s e s s i ona tt heVe t e r i na r yc ompl e xa tFa c ul t yof Ani ma l Sc i e nc e , Ve t e r i na r y Sc i e nc e a nd Fi s he r i e s ,Ra mpurChi t wa n. The t opi c of pr e s e nt a t i on wa s" Fe r a lDog Po pul a t i ona ndWe l f a r e"pr e s e nt e dbya9t h s e me s t e rs t ude ntMr .Di be kKa r ki ,i mme di a t e pa s tEdi t ori nc hi e fofI VSANe pa l . Thes t ude nt swe r ema dea wa r ea boutt heFe r a l Dog We l f a r ea nd t he i rc ont r olt hr ough t hi s pr e s e nt a t i onpr ogr a m.

6.Ani ma lWe l f a r eQui z -27t hMa r c h I VSARa mpuror ga ni z e d" Ani ma lwe l f a r equi z c ont e s t "on27t hMa r c hf r om 10A. Mt o8P . M ( GMT+5: 45) Que s t i ons we r e pos t e d hour l y a nd t he pa r t i c i pa nt swe r ea s ke dt o Comme ntt he i ra ns we r si nt hec omme nts e c t i on ofourof f i c i a lFa c e book pa georI ns t a gr a m a c c ount . Wi nne rwa st he na nnounc e dont heba s i sof ma xi mum r i ghta ns we r sgi ve ni n mi ni mum t i me . Ms .Pr i t iGur ung,5t hs e me s t e rs t ude ntbe c a me t hewi nne roft hequi z .

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7.I nf ogr a phi c ss ha r i ng-22ndt o28t hMa r c h Thei nf ogr a phi c sr e l a t e dt oa ni ma lwe l f a r ewa s s ha r e de a c hda yvi aours oc i a lme di apa ge s dur i ngt hewe e k.Thr ought hi s ,wewe r ea bl et o r e a c h ma ny pe opl ea t t e mpt i ng t os pr e a d a wa r e ne s sona ni ma lwe l f a r e . Dur i ng da y 7,i twa sa ni mpor t a ntf e s t i va l c e l e br a t e di nNe pa lc a l l e dHol i ,t he" f e s t i va lof c ol our s "i nwhi c hpe opl eputc ol our sone a c h ot he r . Knowi ngl y orunknowi ngl yt he y pu t c ol or sona ni ma l st oowhi c hi snotgoodf ort he a ni ma l s .So,i twa si mpor t a ntt os ha r et he me s s a ge . 8. Ani ma lWe l f a r eWe e kEndi ng I VSA Ra mpurs uc c e s s f ul l yc onc l ude dt hewe e kl ongpr ogr a m ont heoc c a s i onof Ani ma lWe l f a r eWe e k2021wi t hCa ndl eLi ght i ngPr o gr a mmeon28t hMa r c h,2021 f orhi ghl i ght i ngt hes i gni f i c a nc eoft hewe e kbys pr e a di ngme s s a gea mongpe opl e a nds howi ngt r i but et ot hei nnoc e nts oul s .

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Ourhonor a bl es pe a ke r sf ort hes howwe r eDr . Aj i tKuma rKa r n a , Dr . Eka t aPa nde y , Dr .Roc ks onKa r ma c ha r yaa ndDr .Sha r mi l aKuma l . Wewoul dl i ket ot ha nkourr e s pe c t e ds pe a k e r sf ors ha r i ngt he i re xpe r i e nc e si n r e s pe c t i vef i e l ds . Wea r er e a l l ypr oudofwha tyoua r ec ont r i but i ngt ot heve t e r i na r y s oc i e t ya nda swhol et oa l lhuma ni t y . Wea l s ol i ket ot ha nkDr .Sa nge e tLa mi c hha ne yf orhi sva l ua bl epr e s e nc ei nt ha t e ve nt .Wea r er e a l l yl uc kyt ohos tyoua swe l l .Wea r egr a t e f ult oMs .Pr i ya nka Dha ka lf orpr ovi di ngust hec ha nc et ohos tDr .Sa nge e tLa mi c hha ne y .

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Chandr aKi sorChaudhar y S. Sc.Fi sher i es,5t hsem FAVF ,AFU

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a bove me nt i one df i s he si s107. 5,84. 5, 685. 5,a nd56. 0RAE/100gr a w,c l e a npa r t s r e s pe c t i ve l y( Roose ta l . , 2007) . Ta bl e1: Mi ne r a lc ont e ntofs omeSI F(a sc i t e dbyMo ha nt ye ta l . , 2013)

P . S.:( Va l ue si nmg/ 100gmpa r a mba s s i sr a we di bl epa r t s ) Sma l li ndi ge nousf i s he sa r er i c hs our c e sofma nymi c r onut r i e nt smi ne r a l sl i ke c a l c i um, z i nc , i r on, s odi um, pot a s s i um, e t c . a ss howni nt a bl e1. Pr o t e i n, t houghve r y e s s e nt i a lf orhuma n nut r i t i on i snotal i mi t i ng nut r i e ntwhe r e a smi c r onut r i e nt de f i c i e nc ya l s ot e r me da s“ hi dde nhunge r ”i sabi gpr obl e mi nSout he a s tAs i a ( Kuma r ,2010) .I nNe pa l ,e a r l i e rTha r u,Kuma l ,Ke wa t ,Mus ha r ,Bot e ,Ma j hi ,e t c . we r et hema j orc ons ume r sofs uc hf i s he sbutnow wi t ht hei nc r e a s i ngknowl e dge a bou tt henut r i e ntva l ueoff i s h,ot he re t hni cgr oupsha vea l s oma det hef i s hama j or pa r toft he i rdi e t( Budha t hoki&Sa pkot a , 201 8) . I VSARampurVe t z i ne , Vo l ume01,I s s ue0 2

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Ta bl e2:Pr oxi ma t eCompos i t i onofs omeSI FFS(a sc i t e dbyMoha nt ye ta l . ,2013)

Thepr ot e i nc ont e nti nSI FFSva r i e sf r om14-22% oft he i rl i vebodywe i ght . Thi sf i s h pr ot e i ni se a s i l ydi ge s t i bl ea ndc ont a i nsa l lt hee s s e nt i a la mi noa c i dsi n c l udi ng Su l phurc ont a i ni ngone sl i keCys t e i nea ndMe t hi oni nea ndt he r e f or ei mpr ove st he ove r a l lpr ot e i nqua l i t yofami xe ddi e t( Moha nt ye ta l . ,2013) .Si nc et hef i s hi s a va i l a bl ei nawi der a ngeofpr i c e si nt hema r ke t , e ve nt hepoorc a nme e tt he i rdi e t a r y r e qui r e me ntofa ni ma lpr ot e i nsa st he ywi l lha vel a r geopt i onst oc hoos ef r om. Thus , SI Fa l ongwi t hot he rl a r gef i s he spl a ya ni mpor t a ntr ol ei nma i nt a i ni ngnut r i t i ona l f oods e c ur i t ya ndpr e ve nt i ngpr ot e i nc a l or i ema l nut r i t i on. Tr a di t i ona l l y ,f i s ha ndf i s hpr oduc t swe r ec ons i de r e dagoods our c eofpr ot e i nbut nowa da ysmor ee mpha s i si sgi ve nont he i rr ol ei npr ovi di ngome ga3f a t t ya c i dsa nd a l s oa sar i c hs our c eofvi t a mi nsa ndmi n e r a l sde f i c i e nti nma nyl oc a ldi e t s( Toppe , 2014) .SI FFSa l s oc ont a i nsa l lt hee s s e nt i a lf a t t ya c i dst ha ta r er e qui r e df o rt hebody . Sa t ur a t e df a t t ya c i ds ( SF As ) , monouns a t ur a t e df a t t ya c i ds ( MUF As ) ,a nd pol yuns a t ur a t e df a t t ya c i ds ( PUF As )a r et he3t y pe soff a t t ya c i dsout ofwhi c ht hef i r s t I VSARampurVe t z i ne , Vo l ume01,I s s ue0 2

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Al lc o n t e n t sa r e e x p r e s s e da sa p e r c e n t a g eo ft h er a w e d i b l ep a r t s RAE-Re t i n o la c t i v i t y e q u i v a l e n t n d-n o td e t e r mi n e d

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I ns pi t eofut i l i z i ngt he s ebe a ut i f uls pe c i e s ,ourc ount r yNe pa li ss t i l li mpor t i ng or na me nt a lf i s he sf r om di f f e r e ntf or e i gn c ount r i e s .Ne pa li mpor t s 85% of or na me nt a lf i s hf r omI ndi aa nd15% f r omTha i l a nd, Chi na , a ndot he rc ount r i e s . The a nnu a li mpor tofor na me nt a lf i s hwa s318. 1me t r i ct onsi n2009a ndi nc r e a s e dt o 1233. 0me t r i ct onsi n2017( f i g:1) .Theva l ue( i nNe pa l e s er upe e s )ofi mpor t e d or na me nt a lf i s h wa s13. 3 mi l l i on i n 2009 a nd i nc r e a s e dt o 153. 4 mi l l i on i n 2017( TEPC, 2018) . Asar e s ul t , t hei mpor tofor n a me nt a lf i s hi nNe pa li si nc r e a s i ng t r e nd.

Fi g1:a nnua li mpor tofor na me nt a lf i s h( me t r i ct on)a ndt he i rva l ue ( Ne pa l e s e r upe e s )i nmi l l i on( Hus e n,2019) I mpor t i ngor na me nt a lf i s he sf r om ot he rc ount r y’ ss pe ndi ngal otofmone ya nda l s o ve r ye xpe ns i veduet o hi gh t r a ns por t a t i on c os t s .Asar e s ul t ,t hec omme r c i a l pr oduc t i onofna t i veor na me nt a l f i s he sofNe pa l c a nupl i f t t hec ount r y ’ se c onomy . At t hes a met i me ,t hr oughoutt hewor l d,i ti sana t ur a lt e nde nc yf orf i s hhobbyi s t ’ st o a l wa ysl ookf orne wva r i e t i e swhi c hwe r ee a r l i e re s t a bl i s he di nt het r a deha venow s t a r t e dt ol os et he i rpopul a r i t y( Gupt a& Ba ne r j e e , 2012) .So,Ne pa lc a ngr a bt hi s oppor t uni t ya ndwi l lbea bl et oma kes ma l li ndi ge nousf i s h( SI F) ,agoodc hoi c ef or t het r a de . The r ei sahugede ma ndf oror na me nt a lf i s hi nt heur ba na ndva l l e ya r e aofNe pa l . De ma ndf ort r opi c a lf i s hbr e e dswa shi g hbyc os t ume ra ndove r a l lor na me nt a lf i s h de ma ndwa si ni nc r e a s i ngt r e nd( Shr e s t ha ,2018) ;i nt hi ss i t ua t i oni ndi ge nous or na me nt a ls pp.c a nbeabe t t e ropt i ont ome e tt hede ma nd.SomeI ndi ge nous I VSARampurVe t z i ne , Vo l ume01,I s s ue0 2

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or na me nt a lf i s he swe r es t udi e da ndbr e ds uc c e s s f u l l ybutnotbe i nga bl et obr e e don ama s ss c a l eduet oi ns uf f i c i e nt knowl e dge( Ra i , Cl a us e n&Smi t h, 2008) . Ac c or di ng t or e c e ntr e s e a r c hs t a t us ,ones ma l lna t i veor na me nt a lf i s hs pp.i . e .Col i s af a s c i a t us , br e e di ng,a ndnur s i ngt e c hnol ogyha vebe e nde ve l ope da tFi s he r yRe s e a r c hSt a t i o n ( FRS) ,Pokha r a ,Ne pa l ( FRS2016/ 2017) .Li ke wi s e ,t hegove r nme nts houl df or c e di f f e r e ntr e s e a r c hs t a t i onst obr i ngt e c hnol ogyf orbr e e di ngot he rna t i veor na me nt a l f i s hofNe pa l .Sma l lI ndi ge nousor na me nt a lf i s hs pp.a r ea va i l a bl ea ndc a nde ve l op f orc omme r c i a lpr oduc t i ononc et hec ompl e t et e c hnol ogyde ve l ope d. Sma l li ndi ge nousor na me nt a lf i s ha sc omme r c i a lpr oduc t i onc a nbea dva nt a ge ous f ort hec ount r y ,Ne pa li nma nywa ys .I t sc ul t ur ec oul dbeagoods our c eofi nc ome ge ne r a t i oni ndus t r yt ha tc a npr ovi dej oboppor t uni t i e sf orl owi nc omee a r ne r sa nd s uppor tt o ma i nt a i nt hec ount r y' se c onomy ( Ra i& Cl a us e n,2008) .Di f f e r e nt va r i e t i e sofi ndi ge nousor na me nt a lpl a yas i gni f i c a ntr ol ei nt hea qua r i um t r a dea nd l i ve l i hoods e c ur i t y( Gupt ae ta l . ,2016) . Thebr e e di nga ndpr oduc t i onofdi f f e r e nt i ndi ge nousor na me nt a ls pp.i nt he i rown c oun t r y woul dl e s s e nt hei mpor tof or na me nt a lf i s hf r om f or e i gnc ount r i e s ( Huns e n,2019)a ndhe nc e ,gi ver i s et ot he i nve nt i onofne wa r t i f i c i a lbr e e di ngt e c hnol ogyoff i s hs pe c i e s .Thes ur ve y ,i nWe s t Be nga l ,ha sr e por t e dt ha tor na me nt a ls ma l li ndi ge nouss pp.l i keCol i s af a s c i a t us , Pu nt i usc onc honi us ,Ps e uda mba s i sr a nga ,e t c .ha veagoode xpor tma r ke t( Gupt a& Ba ne r j e e , 2012) .So,t hegove r nme ntofNe pa ls houl dgi ves ubs i di e st oFi s he r i e s Re s e a r c hSt a t i onst oc a r r youtt hebr e e d i nga ndnur s i ngt e c hnol ogyoft he s es pe c i e s a nds houl de xpor tt oot he rc ount r i e swhi c hc a nhe l pt os us t a i nourc ount r y' s e c onomi cde ve l opme nt . Al ongwi t ht hi s ,i twi l lc ons e r vet hebi odi ve r s i t yofna t i ve f i s hs pe c i e s . Asar e s ul t ,i twi l lbeas us t a i na bl ei nc omef ort hec ount r y’ spe opl ea nd ma npowe rwi l lbede ve l ope dwi t hi nt hec ount r y .I nNe pa l ,t hema r ke tpr i c eof or na me nt a lf i s he swhi c hha sbe e ni mpor t e df r om ot he rc ount r i e sr a n ge sf r om NRs . 100 t o 3000 pe r2pc (J ha& Pr a s a d,2015)whi c hi squi t ee xpe ns i vet o c os t ume r s .Thebr e e di ngofourownor n a me nt a lna t i vef i s hs pe c i e swi l lhe l pt he l oc a lc us t ome r st obuya tc he a pe rpr i c e s . The r e f or e ,St r a t e gys houl dbema deont he pr opa ga t i onofc ol or f ulva r i e t i e sofn a t i veor na me nt a lf i s he si nc a pt i vi t ya f t e r knowi ngt he i re xa c tf e e di ngha bi ta ndbi o l ogy .Comme r c i a lpr oduc t i onoft he s e i ndi ge nousor na me nt a lf i s hs pp.wi l lgi veah ugea mountoff i na nc i a lbe ne f i t st ot he c oun t r ya swe l la sc a ni nc r e a s es ha r e / e xpor tt he s es pe c i e si nt hegl oba lma r ke t . I VSARampurVe t z i ne , Vo l ume01,I s s ue0 2

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Li t er at ur e •Roos ,N. , Wa ha b ,M. A. ,Ch a mn a n,C. ,&Th i l s t e d ,S.H.( 2 0 0 7 ) . Th er o l eo ff i s hi nf o o d b a s e d s t r a t e gi e st oc omb a tvi t a mi nAa n dmi n e r a ld e f i c i e n c i e si nd e v e l o p i n gc o u n t r i e s .Th ej o u r n a lo f Nut r i t i on,137( 4 ) ,1 1 061 1 09. •Shr e s t ha A. ( 2018) . Or n a me n t a l f i s h h i g h i n d e ma n d . My Re publ i c a . ht t p: / / e . myr e p ubl i c a . c o m/ e p a p e r / s r c / e p a p e r . Ph p ? i d =2 7 8 2 p a g e / 1 0 / ( Re t r i e v e d o n 16/ 12/ 2018) .10p . r i pur a pu, Ka nna&Ra j a nka r , Ma ni s h . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . THESMALLI NDI GENOUSFRESHWATER •Si FI SHSPECI ES( SI FFS) .10. 131 40/ RG. 2 . 2 . 1 3 2 6 3 . 5 3 9 2 2 . •Swa ns on,D. ,Bl oc k,R. ,& Mous a ,S.A.( 2 0 1 2 ) .Ome g a 3f a t t ya c i d sEP Aa n dDHA:h e a l t h be ne f i t st hr ough outl i f e . Adva nc e si nn u t r i t i o n , 3 ( 1 ) , 1 7 . •TEPC ( 2018) .Expor tI mpor tDa t a Ba n k( Ve r s i o n1 . 5 ) : Tr a d ea n d Ex p o r tPr o mo t i o n Ce nt r e ( TEPC) , Pul c howk , La l i t pur , Ne p a l . h t t p : / / www. e f o u r c o r e . c o m. n p / t e p c d a t a b a n k / t r a n s a c t i o n mont hwi s e . php? t x t mo de =s e a r c h( Re t r i e v e d o n1 6 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 8 ) . l s t e d,S.H.( 2010) .Ther o l eo fs ma l li n d i g e n o u sf r e s hwa t e rf i s hs p e c i e si ni mp r o v i n g •Thi nut r i t i oni nr ur a lp opul a t i ons .I nAb s t r a c t :wo r k s h o po n‘ ‘ Sma l li n d i g e n o u sf r e s h wa t e rf i s h s pe c i e sa ndc ons e r v a t i onofb i o di ve r s i t y( p p . 2 3 2 5 ) . •Thi l s t e d, S. H. , J a me s , D. , To pp e , J . , Su b a s i n g h e , R. , &Ka r u n a s a g a r , I . ( 2 0 1 4 ) . Ma x i mi z i n gt h e c ont r i but i onoff i s ht ohuma nnut r i t i on . •Toppe , J oge i r . ( 2 014) . Fi s hTr a d ea ndHu ma nNu t r i t i o n : Th eRo l eo fFi s hi nNu t r i t i o na ndFo o d Se c u r i t y .

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Asshi khaBhat t ar ai B. V. Sc& A. H. HI CAST ,PU

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Thec ommont ypeofa nxi e t yf o undi nt hedogsa r e ; i . Se par at i onAnxi e t y Se pa r a t i ona nxi e t yi sac ommondi s or de ri nt hedogs t ha tc a us e spa ni cwhe nt he ys us pe c tt he ywi l lbel e f t a l one . I namome nt ofpa ni c , dogswi l l l a s hout wi t hout r e a l i z i ng i t ,of t e ns how i tby f r a nt i c a l l y ba r ki ng, de s t r u c t i vebe ha vi orl i kec he wi ng s hoe s ,f ur ni t ur e , ge t t i ng i nt ot he t r a s h, a nd e ve n hous e br e a ki ng a c c i de nt s . Al otoft i me s ,dogswi t hs e pa r a t i ona nxi e t y wi l l ha vea c c i de nt si nt hehous e . Thi st ypeofa nxi e t yi s mos t l ye vi de nti npups . i i .Soc i al Anxi e t y So c i a la nxi e t yc a ns t e mf r om dogswhowe r er a i s e di ni s ol a t i ona spuppi e s ,we r e s t r a y s ,ors a ve df r om s i t ua t i onsofa bus eorne gl e c ta ndne ve rl e a r ne dt os oc i a l i z e wi t hot he rdogsa ndhuma ns .Thi ss oc i a lc ondi t i onc a nc a us edogst oe xpe r i e nc e c r i ppl i nga nxi e t ywhe nbe i nga r oundot he rdogsorhuma nsa ndc a ne ve nl e a dt o a ggr e s s i on . i i i .Noi s eAnxi e t y Fo ra nyo ne , but pa r t i c ul a r l yf ordogswhodon’ t unde r s t a ndt heme a ni ngoft hec ha os , l oudnoi s e sa r ea l a r mi ng.Dogss uf f e r i ngf r om noi s ea nxi e t ydi s pl a yanumbe rof s i mi l a rs i gnst ot hos ewi t hs oc i a lors e pa r a t i ona nxi e t i e s .Whe nt hunde r s t o r ms , e xpl os i ons ,orot he rl oudnoi s e soc c ur ,as udde nc ha ngei nbe h a vi ori sas t r ong i ndi c a t i ont ha tyourdogi ss t r e s s e dunde rt hos ec i r c ums t a nc e s . b)De pr e s s i on Li kehuma ns ,t he r ea r ephys i c a ls i gnst ha t s howst ha tdogi se xpe r i e nc i ngde pr e s s i on. Howe ve r , dogs e xpe r i e nc e de pr e s s i on di f f e r e nt l yt ha n huma ns doe s .Al t hough huma ns c a ne n j oy a c ha nge ofs c e ne r y , r out i ne ,orbr i ngi ngne w pe opl ei nt ot he i r l i ve s ,dogsdo notc ope wi t h dr a s t i ca nd e r r a t i ce nvi r onme nt a lc ha nge s .Dogse nj oy t her out i nea ndwhe nt ha tr out i nei sc ha nge d, I VSARampurVe t z i ne , Vo l ume01,I s s ue0 2

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t he yma ybr i e f l ye xpe r i e nc et hede pr e s s i on.Whe ndogsa r ede pr e s s e d,t he yof t e n a ppe a rs a da ndwi t hdr a wn.The yc a ne ve nl o s ei nt e r e s ti npl a y .I fdogbe c o me s wi t hdr a wn,a ppe a r ss a dde r ,a ndi smor el e t ha r gi ct ha nus ua l ,t he yma ybei na de pr e s s i ves t a t e . c )Obs e s s i veCompul s i veDi s or de r( OCD) Obs e s s i ve Compul s i ve Di s or de r( OCD) ma y i ndi c a t et ha tt hea c t i onofadogi soutofc ont e xt , a bno r ma l ,a nddi r e c t e dt owa r dobj e c t s .I ndogs , c ompul s i vebe ha vi or si nc l udea c r a ll i c kde r ma t i t i s , f l a nk s uc ki ng, pa c i ng, c i r c l i ng, i nc e s s a nt or r hyt hmi cba r ki ng,f l ys na ppi ngorc ha s i nguns e e n obj e c t s ,f r e e z i nga nds t a r i ng,pol ydi ps i a ,s uc ki ng, l i c ki ng,orc he wi ngonobj e c t s ,t ongui ngorl i c ki ng t hea i ra ndot he rf or msofs e l f mut i l a t i on.I fdogs r e pe a tt he s eobs e s s i veha bi t sr e gul a r l y ,t he ni ti s l i ke l yt ha tt he ya r ee xpe r i e nc i ngOCD. d)Aggr e s s i on I nadog, a ggr e s s i vebe ha vi orr e f e r st oa nybe ha vi or r e l a t e dt oa na s s a ul tora ni mmi ne nta t t a c k.Thi s i nc l ude s be c omi ng s t i l la nd r i gi d, gr owl i ng, s na r l i ng,ba r i ng t e e t h,l ungi ng,a nd ni ppi ng or bi t i ng.Aggr e s s i oni soneoft het opr e a s onsdog owne r ss e e kt hehe l pofapr of e s s i ona ldogt r a i ne r ora ni ma lbe ha vi or i s t .

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c )Mas s age& BodyAwar e ne s s A ge nt l ema s s a gec a nhe l pe a s ea na nxi ousdog.I na ddi t i ont oma s s a ge s ,d og s r e s pondwe l l t obodya wa r e ne s se xe r c i s e s , s t r e ngt ht r a i ni ng, a ndc ondi t i oni ngc l a s s e s t ohe l pt he mf e e lmor ec onf i de nta nda wa r eoft he i rbodya nda c t i ons . d)Nat ur alorPr e s c r i be dMe di c i ne s So meme nt a lhe a l t hc ondi t i onsa r ebr oughtonbyphys i c a lpa i nadogma ybe e xpe r i e nc i ng.I ns uc hc a s e ,ge t t i ngapr e s c r i pt i onf r o m yourve t e r i na r i a ni sb e s t opt i on.I na ddi t i on,f orhuma nst ha tpr e f e rhol i s t i cr e me di e s ,na t ur a lpr oduc t sl i ke c a nna bi di oloi lc a nbeus e da sat r e a t me ntf ordogswi t ha nxi e t y . e )Soc i alf ami l i ar i t y St a r t i ngt oi nt r oduc edogst oot he rdogsa ndhuma nswhi l et he ya r eyoungi st hebe s t s ol ut i ont oa voi ds oc i a la nxi e t yi ndogs .Howe ve r ,t hi si s n’ ta l wa yspos s i bl e . Adul t dogsa r ea l s oi nvul ne r a bl et os oc i a la nxi e t y .I ns uc hc a s e ,ga i n i ngt he i rt r us ts l owl y bys pe ndi nga smuc ht i mea shuma nc a ns pe ndwi t ht he m,gi vi ngt he m pos i t i ve r e i nf or c e me ntf ort he i ra c t i ons .Thi se nt a i l st r e a t sf orhe a l t hy ha bi ts uc ha s c ompl e t i nghous e br e a ki ngt r a i ni ng.I na ddi t i on,i nt r oduc i ngt he mt oot he rdogsa l s o he l pt obui l dupt he i rs oc i a ls ki l l s . f )Spac e Mos toft i mehuma nmi ghtbet e mpt e dt os mot he rdogwi t hl ovea ndgi vet he m e xc e s s i vea t t e nt i on,whi c hc a nl e a dt omor ea nxi e t yf ordogs .Sos ome t i me si t ’ sbe s t t ogi vet he mt he i rs pa c e . g)Pur s ueThe i rI nt e r e s t s I nor de rt oboos thi ghs pi r i ti ndogs , huma ns houl dl e tt h e mpur s uet hea c t i vi t i e st he y l ovet ope r f or m. I fyourdogl i ke st oc ha s et hi ngs , s t a r tpl a yi ngaga meo ff e t c he ve r y da y .I ft he yl i kec he wi ng,i nve s ti ns omehi ghqua l i t yc he wt oys .Le a r ni nghow t o t r e a tdoga nxi e t yma ybea ss i mpl ea sdi s c ove r i ngt hea c t i vi t i e sdoge nj oys . h)Re gul arVe tVi s i t s Huma nma ydi s r e ga r dt hepr obl e msha ppe ni ngt odogsi nhopet ha ti twi l ldi mi ni s h wi t ht i me . Buti fdogss e e mt oha vepr obl e mori snotge t t i ngwe l lwi t hi ns hor tpe r i od I VSARampurVe t z i ne , Vo l ume01,I s s ue0 2

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Ar tGal l er y Mr .Yogendr aBi kr am Rana,B. V. Sc& A. H.3r dsem FAVF ,Agr i cul t ur eandFor est r yUni ver si t y

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MO’ sAl l yWi ng

I VSARa mpur a Phuli sal oc a lc ha pt e runde rt hena t i ona lM. OofI VSAI ndi a .I twa s e s t a bl i s he di nOc t obe r ,2020.Wea r eagr oupof37s t ude nt sf r o mt heCol l e geof Ve t e r i na r ySc i e nc e , Ra mpur a Phul , Punj a b. Coi nc i de nt a l l y , ourna mei squi t es i mi l a r t oI VSARa mpur ’ s ,whi c hmi ghtbec onf us i ngt oot he rI VSAme mbe r s .Sohe r ewe a r e ,wi t h ourc ha pt e ri nt r oduc t i on a nd wet r ul yt ha nk I VSA Ra mpurf ort hi s oppor t uni t y!

St a r t i ngf r omwhe r ewec omef r om, ourc ol l e gei sl oc a t e dont heout s ki r t sofas ma l l t ownRa mpur a Phula mi ds tt hel us hgr e e nme a dowsoft hea gr i c ul t ur a l r i c hs t a t eof Pu nj a b. Eve nt houghbot hourCha pt e ra ndExCome mbe r sa r equi t eyoung,wec ons t a nt l y t r yt ol e a r nne wt hi ngs ,e xpe r i me nta ndma ket hemos toutoft hi sa s t oundi ng i nt e r na t i ona lpl a t f or m.

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He r ei sabr i e fove r vi e wofOURACTI VI TI ES: 1.Or ga ni s e dawe bi na ronCONCEPTS I N ANI MAL HOUSI NG t ha ti nc l ude d e mi ne nte xpe r ts pe a ke r s-Dr .Ra us ha nKuma rSi ngha ndDr . Ami tSha r ma . 2.Cr a f t e df unc t i ona lbi r dhous e sf r om r e c yc l a bl ema t e r i a ldur i ngt heAni ma lShe l t e r We e k.

3.Na t i ona lDoc ume nt a r yEve ni ngonWor l dVe ga nDa y .Weha d5 0pa r t i c i pa nt s f r om a l love rI ndi awho t oge t he rwa t c he d H. O. P . E -Wha tYou Ea tMa t t e r s Doc ume nt a r ybyNi naMe s s i nge r . 4.FunQui zGa mea ndCha r i t ydr i vef orunde r pr i vi l e ge ds t ude nt sonI nt e r na t i ona l St ude nt ’ sDa y .( Vi de osa va i l a bl eonourYouTubeCha nne l-I VSARa mpur a Ph ul ) Doc he c kt he mout !

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MO’ sAl l yWi ng

6. At woda ywor ks hopi nc ol l a bor a t i onwi t hI VSAPookodeonI NTERNATI ONAL DAY OFELI MI NATI ON OFVI OLENCEAGAI NSTWOMEN.60pa r t i c i pa nt s f r om a l love rAs i a pl e dge dt o #or a nge t he wor l d,s howi ng s ol i da r i t ya ga i ns t ge nd e r ba s e dvi ol e nc e . Wepr e s e nt e da nddi s c us s e dva r i oust opi c ss uc ha s-Chi l dma r r i a ge ,Ra pe ,Fe ma l e Ge ni t a lMut i l a t i on,Cybe rCr i me ,We i r doppr e s s i vec us t omsa r oundt hewor l d, Tr a ns ge nde rvi ol e nc e ,s e xwor ke rvi ol e nc e .

7. Weha vea l s oha daf e wvi r t ua l e xc ha nge swi t hot he rI VSAM. Osbot hna t i ona l a nd i nt e r na t i ona l .( Pl e a s ef e e lf r e et oc ont a c tus a nyt i me f or a ne xc ha nge a t i vs a i ndi a . r a mpur a phul @i vs a mo. or g)Oure xc ha nge ss of a rA. I VSAPookode B. I VSABhuba ne s wa r C. I VSABa nga l or e D. I VSABa hr i( Suda n) E. I VSACr oa t i a F .I VSAt heNe t he r l a nds G. I VSAKe l a nt a n( Ma l a ys i a ) Cont a c tUsi vs a i ndi a . r a mpur a phul @i vs a mo. or g I ns t a g r a m:i vs a r a mpur a phul YouTube:I VSARa mpur a Phul Fa c e bookpa ge:I VSARa mpur a Phul

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Bl a c k b u c k–Th eEn d e mi cEn d a n g e r e dBo v i d a e

Pr a mo dKu ma rCh a u d h a r y B. V. Sc&A. H.5t hSe me s t e r , Ar g i c u l t u r ea n dFo r e s t r yUn i v e r s i t y , Ra mp u r , Ch i t wa n Co r r e s p ond e n c e :p r a mo d p d . p c @g ma i l . c o m Mr .Pr amodKumarChaudhar y SCOVECoor di nat or I VSA Rampur2020/ 21

Ta bl e : Popul a t i on of Bl a c kbuc ki n di f f e r e ntc ount r i e s

So ur c e s : ( Bha t t a ,1970;L.Kha na l& Cha l i s e ,2010;Ma l l on & Ki ngs wood, 2001)

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•J ha l a , Y. V.( 20 08) .Ha b i t a ta ndpopu l a t i o nd y n a mi c sofwo l v e sa n db l a c k bu c ki nVe l a v a d a r Na t i ona lPa r k,Gu j a r a t .h t t p s : / / vt e c h wo r k s . l i b . v t . e d u / h a n d l e / 1 0 9 1 9 / 3 8 8 4 9 •Kha na l ,L. ,&Cha l i s e ,M.K. ( 2010) . POPULATI ONSTATUSOFBLACKBUCK( An t i l o p e c e r vi c a pr a )a tKha i r a r pur ,Ba r di ya ,Ne p a l . J o u r n a lo ft h eNa t u r a lHi s t o r yMu s e u m, 2 5 ( J a n u a r y 2018) ,266–275. na l ,P .( 200 2) .St u dyont h eEc ol o g y, Be h a v i o u ra n dHa b i t a tOp t i o n sf o rt h e •Kha Cons e r va t i onofLa s tRe ma i n i ngBl a c k b u c kPo p u l a t i o ni nNe p a lByUs i n gGi s. Se p t e mb e r 2002. na l ,P . ,&Kha n a l ,S.( 2014) .STUDYONTHELANDUSEOFPROPOSED •Kha BLACKBUCKCONSERVATI ONAREA, KHAI RAPUR, BARDI ADI STRI CTAND HABI TATOPTI ONSFORTRANSLOCATI ONOFBLACKBUCK( An t e l o p ec e r v i c a p r a )AT ROYALSUKLAPHA. . .Ene r g yMa na g e me n tf o rSu s t a i n a b l eDe v e l o p me n ti nSa g a r ma t h a Na t i ona lPa .J un e2014.ht t ps : / / d oi . or g / 1 0 . 1 3 1 4 0 / 2 . 1 . 3 6 8 7 . 2 4 8 9 •Ma l l on,D.P . ,&Ki n gs wo od,S.C.( 2 0 0 1 ) . An t e l o p e . Gl o b a rSu r v e ya n dRe g i o n a l Ac t i o n Pl a ns .Pa r t4:No r t hAf r i c a ,t heMi d dl eEa s ta n dAs i a . I nI UCNSp e c i e sSu r v i v a lCo mmi s s i o n . j a gopa l , T. ,Ma n i moz h i , A. ,&Ar c h u n a n , G. ( 2 0 1 1 ) . Di u r n a lv a r i a t i o ni np r e o r b i t a lg l a n d •Ra s c e ntma r ki ngbe h a v i ouro fc a pt i v ema l eI n d i a nBl a c k b u c k( An t e l o p ec e r v i c a p r aL. )a n di t s t e r r i t or i a ls i gni f i c a nc e .Bi ol ogi c a lRh y t h mRe s e a r c h , 4 2 ( 1 ) , 2 7 – 3 8 . ht t ps : / / doi . or g/ 10 . 1080/ 0 929101 1 0036 9 3 1 6 1 •Ra nj i t s i nh,M.K. ,&1 938.( 1989) .I n d i a nb l a c k b u c k . Na t r a jPu b l i s h e r s . ht t ps : / / a gr i s . f a o. o r g/ a g r i s s e a r c h/ s e a r c h . d o ? r e c o r d I D=US2 0 1 3 0 0 6 7 5 2 5 9 nc l a i r , A.R.E.( 1975) . TheRe s our c eLi mi t a t i o no fTr o p h i cLe v e l si nTr o p i c a lGr a s s l a n d •Si Ec os y s t e ms . TheJ our n a lo fAni ma lEc o l o g y , 4 4 ( 2 ) , 4 9 7 . h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 2 3 0 7 / 3 6 0 8 •Va t s ,R. ,&Bha r dwa j ,C.S.( 2 009) . ASt u d yo fRe p r o d u c t i v eBe h a v i o u ro fI n d i a nBl a c kBu c k ( Ant i l opec e r vi c a p r a )Li n n.wi t hRe f e r e n c et oCo u r t s h i p , Br e e d i n g , Fa wn i n ga n dCo l o u r a t i o n . Cur r e ntWor l dEn vi r o nme n t ,4( 1 ) ,1 21 – 1 2 5 . h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 2 9 4 4 / c we . 4 . 1 . 1 8

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Pl a s t i c swi t hde s i r a bl epr ope r t i e ss uc ha s Mr .Somnat hAr yal Me d i a Ma n a g e r dur a bi l i t y ,pl a s t i c i t y ,a nd/ ort r a ns pa r e nc y St andi ngCommi t t eeon ha vebe e ni ndus t r i a l l ypr oduc e dove rt h e Ani malWel f ar e pa s tc e nt ur ya ndwi de l yi nc or por a t e di n t o c ons ume rpr oduc t s .Ma nyoft he s epr o duc t s a r er e ma r ka bl ype r s i s t e nti nt hee nvi r onme ntbe c a us eoft hea bs e nc eorl owa c t i vi t y ofc a t a bol i ce nz yme st ha tc a nbr e a kdownt he i rpl a s t i cc ons t i t ue nt s .He nc et he a mountofa c c umul a t e dpl a s t i c si si nc r e a s i ngda ybyda yha r mi ngt hee c os y s t e m e s pe c i a l l yma r i nee c os ys t e m. I npr e s e ntc ondi t i on,t hemos tus e dpl a s t i c si nt hewor l df a l li nf ol l owi ngs e ve n c a t e gor i e s : -

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I npa r t i c ul a r ,pol ye s t e r sc ont a i ni ngahi ghr a t i oofa r oma t i cc ompone nt s ,s uc ha s pol ye t hyl e net e r e pht ha l a t e( PET) ,a r ec he mi c a l l yi ne r t ,r e s ul t i ngi nr e s i s t a nc et o mi c r obi a lde gr a da t i on.I t smonome r sa r et e r e pht ha l i ca c i d( TP A)a nde t hyl e ne gl yc ol( EG) ,bot hofwhi c ha r ede r i ve df r omr a wpe t r ol e um.La r gequa nt i t i e sof PETha vebe e ni nt r oduc e di nt ot hee nvi r onme ntt hr oughi t spr oduc t i o na nddi s pos a l i npa s tf e wye a r s . So mef unga la ndba c t e r i a lt he r mophi l i chydr ol a s e sa r er e por t e dt oha vet he bi ode gr a da t i vea c t i ononPETa thi ghe rt e mpe r a t ur e . AGr a mne ga t i ve ,a e r obi c , nons por ef or mi ngr odswi t hapol a rf l a ge l l um,c a l l e dI de one l l as a ka i e ns i s ,s t r a i n 201F6Twa si s ol a t e df r omami c r obi a lc ons or t i umi nSa ka i ,J a pa nt ha tde gr a de s pol ye t hyl e net e r e pht ha l a t e , ( PET)i nnor ma lr oomt e mpe r a t ur e . Theba c t e r i um pr oduc e st woα/ βhydr ol a s ef ol de nz yme s( α/ βhydr ol a s e s ) ,PETa s ea ndMHETa s e , wor kt oge t he rt ode gr a dePETi nt wos t e psvi aMHET,yi e l di ngTP Aa nde t hyl e ne gl yc ol —t hebui l di ngbl oc ksr e qui r e df orane wr o undofPETs ynt he s i s . The s upe r i or i t yoft he s ee nz ymeove rt het h e r mophi l i chydr ol a s e sofot he rf u ngusa nd ba c t e r i ai nde gr a da t i onofPETa tr oomt e mpe r a t ur ei sduet ot hea c t i ves i t eoft he PETa s eha vet hedi s ul f i debondwhi c hs t a bi l i z e st hee nz ymea tl o wt e mpe r a t ur e . St e p1 PETa s ei sa ne s t e r a s ec l a s sofe nz ymet ha tc a t a l yz e st hehydr ol ys i soft he pol ye t hyl e net e r e pht ha l a t et omono2hydr oxye t hylt e r e pht ha l a t e( MHET) .

St e p2 MHETa s ei sa ne s t e r a s ec l a s sofe nz ymet ha tc a t a l yz e st hehydr ol y s i sofMHET i nt oe t hyl e negl yc ola ndt e r e pht ha l i ca c i d.

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Thusde gr a de d pr oduc te t hyl e negl yc ola nd t e r e pht ha l i ca c i da r eus e d by t he i de one l l as a ka i e ns i sa st hes ol ec a r bons our c e .Thedi s c ove r e da c t i vi t yoft hedua l e nz yme si soneoft hef i r s tbi ode gr a da t i onofpol y e t hyl e net e r e pht ha l a t ei nr oom t e mpe r a t ur e . Thewi l dt ypeba c t e r i umi sa bl et oc ol oni z ea ndbr e a kdowna0. 2mmt hi c kne s sf i l m ofl owc r ys t a l l i ni t y( s of t )PETi na ppr oxi ma t e l ys i xwe e ks , a ndf orhi ghc r ys t a l l i ni t y ( ha r d)PETa ppr oxi ma t e l y30f ol ds l owe rt ha nl owc r ys t a l l i ni t y( s of t )PET. Si nc et hemos toft hepr oduc e dPETi nc ur r e ntgl oba lma r ke ti sha r dc r ys t a l l i net ype , t hepr ope rge ne t i copt i mi z a t i onoft hee nz yme swi l lr e vol ut i oni z ei nde gr a da t i on, r e c yc l ea ndbi or e me di a t i onofpol ye t hyl e net e r e pht ha l a t e .

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