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Божидар Никић
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УЏБЕНИК
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ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК ЗА 7. РАЗРЕД ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ
Starter Unit Божидар Никић OVER THE MOON 7 УЏБЕНИК ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК ЗА 7. РАЗРЕД ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ Главни уредник Др Бошко Влаховић Одговорни уредник Др Наташа Филиповић Предметни уредник Наталија Кантар
Дизајн Иван Танић, Агенција Мани два
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Илустрације Младен Анђелковић
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Рецензенти Лара Штамбук, професор енглеског језика и књижевности, ОШ „Милан Ђ. Милићевић”, Београд Гордана Ракић, професор енглеског језика и књижевности, ОШ „Милан Ђ. Милићевић”, Београд Татјана Ћосић, професор енглеског језика и књижевности, ОШ „Доситеј Обрадовић”, Београд
Лектори Шила Мекгрегор Ковачевић Наталија Кантар
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Издавач ЕДУКА д.о.о. Београд Ул. Змаја од Ноћаја бр. 10/1 Тел./Факс: 011 3287 277, 3286 443, 2629 903 Сајт: www.eduka.rs; имејл: eduka@eduka.rs За издавача Др Бошко Влаховић, директор Штампа Цицеро, Београд Издање бр.: 3, Београд, 2021. година Тираж: 2000
CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 37.016:811.111(075.2) НИКИЋ, Божидар, 1978Over the Moon 7 : уџбеник : енглески језик за 7. разред основне школе / Божидар Никић ; [илустрације Младен Анђелковић]. - Изд. бр. 3. - Београд : Едука, 2021 (Београд : Цицеро). - 120 стр. : илустр. ; 29 cm Тираж 2.000. ISBN 978-86-6013-454-9 COBISS.SR-ID 49720329
© Едука д.о.о. Београд
Министар просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије одобрио је издавање и употребу овог уџбеника Решењем број: 650-02-00425/2019-07. Није дозвољено: репродуковање, дистрибуција, објављивање, прерада или друга употреба овог ауторског дела или његових делова у било ком обиму или поступку, укључујући и фотокопирање, штампање или чување у електронском облику, без писмене дозволе издавача. Наведене радње представљају кршење ауторских права.
УЏБЕНИК
Ed
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ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК ЗА 7. РАЗРЕД ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ
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Божидар Никић
NAME
SURNAME YEAR SCHOOL
3
Unit
Reading
Grammar
Vocabulary
Starter
Westgate Youth Club
Present Tenses
Indoor and Outdoor Activities A Polyglot Countries and Nationalities
Chocolate
Passive (Present Simple) Quantifiers Articles 1 Verbs of Sense
Quantity Expressions Types of Food and Nutrients Preparing Food Tastes
Forgotten by Time
Passive (Past Simple) Used to Relative Pronouns Uncountable Nouns
In the City Natural Disasters The City and the Countryside British and American English Numbers
Past Simple and Past Continuous Modal Verbs (Obligation, Permission, Prohibition) Reporting Commands and Requests
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Starter Unit CONTENTS Listening
Crime Bad Behaviour and Punishment
Breaking the Rules
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Present Perfect One/ Ones / Another / Another one
Phrasal Verbs Appearance and Personality Clothes and Fabrics
Describing People
(Not) as…as ■ Too ■ Enough Present Perfect and Past Simple Articles 2
Musical Instruments Similes (as + adjective + as) Types of Music, Musicians and Collocations Adjectives Ending in -ed /-ing Adverbs of Degree The Environment Going Green Hobbies and Interests
Performing Music
The Internet Negative Prefixes Holidays
Modern Inventions
Literature Books and Films Antonyms
Books vs. Films
pages 6–10 1 Food for Thought
Healthy Eating
2 Life in the Past pages 25–38
3 Crime and Law and Order Criminals pages 39–52
pages 53–66
Music
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5 Music to My Ears
The Clothes We Wear
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4 The Way We Are
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pages 11–24
pages 67–80 6 Planet Earth
Global Issues
First Conditional Future Forms (Will, Be Going To, Present Continuous)
The World Wide Web
Indefinite Pronouns Gerunds and Infinitives Conditionals Passive Reflexive Pronouns
Green Schools Project
pages 81–94 7 Our Modern World pages 95–108
8 Book Reviews Tense Review In My Book Question Tags pages 109–116 Will vs. May / Might
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Starter CONTENTS Unit Speaking
Communication Across Writing cultures Joining a Club
Talking about chocolate Talking about healthy food and cooking Talking about eating out Talking about food festivals Talking about eating habits Talking about life in the city / the countryside Talking about past facts and habits Talking about English Talking about your town / city Talking about crimes Talking about bad behaviour, breaking the rules and punishment Talking about obligations, permission and prohibition Discussing unique schools and school rules Talking about news stories Talking about clothes and fashion Discussing fashion trends, styles and ways of putting old clothes to good use Comparing people, places and things Describing people Talking about shopping habits Talking about national costumes Talking about music and musical instruments Discussing types of music and musicians Talking about music festivals and carnivals Talking about a favourite celebrity Talking about the world’s most pressing issues Discussing how to reduce carbon emissions Talking about future plans and arrangements Predicting the future Talking about the Internet and social media Talking about inventions Talking about imaginary situations Giving advice Talking about hotels Talking about books Comparing books and films
Eating Out
Food Festivals
A Report on a Survey
Talking About the Past
The English Language
An Article About a Town or a City
Apologizing, Explaining and Criticizing
Unique Schools
A News Report
Expressing Preferences
National Costumes
A Description of a Person
Food Idioms
Units 1&2
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Crime and Punishment Idioms
Talking About Recent Events
Carnivals and Music Festivals
A Biography Music of a Famous Idioms Person
Making Invitations
Endangered Species
A Discussion Essay
Making Suggestions
Unusual Hotels
An Imaginative Essay
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Revision
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Talking about indoor and outdoor activities Talking about countries and capital cities
Fun Page
Units 3&4
Units 5&6
Animal Idioms
Units 7&8
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Starter Unit
Starter Unit
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Grammar
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Present Tenses
Vocabulary
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Indoor and Outdoor Activities Countries and Nationalities
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Reading Westgate Youth Club
Listening A Polyglot
Communication Joining a Club
Speaking Talking about indoor and outdoor activities Talking about countries and capital cities
Starter Unit
Vocabulary
Indoor and Outdoor Activities
1 Match the activities with the photos. gardening
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
hiking drama
orienteering canoeing
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dance
skateboarding
2
Talk to a partner.
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karate
What do you like doing in your spare time? Have you tried any of the activities from ex. 1? Which one(s) would you like to try / take up?
Westgate Youth Club
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Reading
3 Read the leaflet below and write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG). 1 2 3 4 5
Westgate Youth Club accepts children who are younger than 8. It runs drama classes during the whole year. There is a swimming pool in the youth club. The club is open every day. You don’t have to pay to become a member.
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A
Welcome to the Club
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
WESTGATE YOUTH CLUB Are you looking for fun ways to spend your free time? Do you enjoy doing creative and exciting things? Would you like to make new friends? If the answer to all these questions is YES, then you should come and join us.
Westgate Youth Club is open to all young people aged 8 to 19. It offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor activities throughout the year, from drama and dance classes to hiking and skateboarding. This summer we are organizing some special projects and activities, such as canoeing and orienteering, so don’t miss the opportunity to take part in at least one of them! We’re open on all weekdays from 5 to 9 p.m. and on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. There are no membership fees! If you need further information, call us on 079514727332 or email info@wyx.com.
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Starter Unit 4 Match the words and phrases from the leaflet with their meanings. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Would you like to...? A want to find out more offers B a lot of different a wide range of C participate opportunity D provides take part E Do you want to...? need further information F chance
Communication Joining a Club
1.01 Listen to a conversation in a youth club and complete the application form.
8
1.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8
Adrian
7 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Where does Adrian live? 2 How long is he staying in Westgate? 3 How did he hear about the youth club? 4 What would Adrian like to learn? 5 Which activity does he choose?
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First name Family name Date of birth Address Email Mobile phone
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A Miller B chelsea_m@hmail.com C 3rd July 2005 D Chelsea E 077474233763 F 124 Belsize Avenue
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6
first name family name date of birth address email mobile phone
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1 2 3 4 5 6
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5 Match 1-6 with A-F.
Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
What is your _________ name? And your _________ name? Sorry, how do you _________ that? _________ you tell me your date of _________? What is your _________? Have you _________ an email? Can I _________ your mobile phone number, _________? So, which of our classes or activities _________ you like to take _________ in? We’ll give you a _________ tomorrow and let you _________ when you are going to start. Work in pairs. Take turns being a new member of the youth club and a receptionist. Use the activities from exercise 1 and the sentences from exercise 8.
Starter Unit
B What’s the Capital of Portugal? Vocabulary 1.03
Complete the table with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Nationality British Washington D.C. American France Paris Austria Vienna Budapest Hungarian Portugal Portuguese China Beijing The Netherlands Dutch Copenhagen Danish 2
The capital
Talk to a partner.
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Country The UK
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1
Countries and Nationalities
Listening 3
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Have you ever been to any of the countries or cities from the table in exercise 1? When did you go there? What did you like best? Which countries or cities would you like to visit? Why?
A Polyglot
1.04 Listen to an interview with a girl called Anna. Which countries, cities and nationalities are mentioned?
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4 Listen again and choose the correct answers.
1 A polyglot is ______________ several different languages. a) a person who understands b) a child who knows 2 Anna thinks that she is ______________. a) talented b) lucky 3 Anna’s mother is ______________. a) Austrian b) Dutch 4 Anna and her family are now living in ______________. a) Portugal b) the Netherlands 5 Anna has French classes ______________ a week. a) once b) twice 6 She wants to write a ______________ in French. a) short story b) poem
c) a person who speaks c) special c) German c) Denmark c) three times c) book
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Starter Unit
Grammar
Present Tenses
5 Choose the correct verb forms. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Today we talk / are talking to a girl called Anna. Anna is British. She comes / is coming from the UK. At the moment she and her parents live / are living in Lisbon. She doesn’t think / isn’t thinking that she is special. Anna often reads / is often reading French magazines. This week she writes / is writing a short story in French.
6 Look at the sentences from ex. 5 and complete the rules with the words in the box. repeated
around
temporary
verbs
at
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RULES
facts
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We use the Present Simple: • for 1 ______________ and general truths (sentence 2); • for routines and 2__________ actions (often with adverbs of frequency: always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, rarely, hardly ever, never) (sentence 5); • with state 3 ______________ (be, believe, belong, hate, have (possession), know, like, love, mean, need, prefer, seem, suppose, think, understand, want, etc.) (sentence 4).
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We use the Present Continuous: • for actions happening 4__________ the moment of speaking (sentence 1); • for actions happening 5__________ the moment of speaking (sentence 6); • for 6__________ actions (sentence 3).
7 Complete the sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. 1 2 3 4
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My dad usually __________ (drive) to work, but today he __________ (take) a bus. Look! They __________ (eat) ice cream in the middle of January! That’s weird! I __________ (not mind) doing the washing-up, but I __________ (hate) ironing. I __________ (study) a lot for my exam at the moment, but I still __________ (not, think) that I’ll get an A. 5 It’s 1 p.m. and my brother _________ (still, lie) in bed. He _________ (not want) to get up.
8 Tick the correct sentences and correct the wrong ones. 1 2 3 4 5
'What are you doing?' 'I’m an engineer.' James is a polyglot. He is speaking six languages. I don’t often go to my local youth club. They come from the USA, but they are now working in the Netherlands. She is having tennis practice three times a week.
9 Complete the questions using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
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1 How often ______ you _______ swimming? (go) 2 _______ you _______ for a competition at the moment? (prepare) 3 How many languages ______ your best friend _______? (speak) 4 ______ you usually _______ your grandparents at weekends? (visit) 5 Who ____________ in front of you now? (sit) Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
Starter Unit
UNIT 1
Food for Thought
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Reading Chocolate
Grammar
Ed
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Passive (Present Simple) Quantifiers Articles 1 Verbs of Sense
Vocabulary
Quantity Expressions Types of Food and Nutrients Preparing Food Tastes
Listening Healthy Eating
Speaking Talking about chocolate Talking about healthy food and cooking Talking about eating out Talking about food festivals Talking about eating habits
Communication Eating Out
Across Cultures Food Festivals
Writing A Report on a Survey
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit
Reading
A
1
Chocolate
Talk to a partner. Do you like chocolate? How much and how often do you eat it? Do you think it is healthy? Do you know anything about the history of chocolate or how it is made?
2
1.05
Read and listen to the text. Which paragraph
1 explains how chocolate is made? 2 mentions different types of chocolate? 3 says that most people like chocolate?
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4 mentions some benefits of dark chocolate?
From Bean to Bar
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5 gives a brief history of chocolate?
There are a few things that almost everyone loves and chocolate is undoubtedly one of them. Today this cocoa-based product comes in different forms and flavours and it is used in many desserts such as cakes and ice cream. However, its history goes back a long way.
The first people who made chocolate were some of the ancient civilizations of Mexico and Central America, including the Aztecs and the Maya. They used the seeds from the cocoa tree to make a spicy, bitter drink called ‘xocolatl’. Cocoa beans were so precious that they were used as money and only the rich could afford to drink chocolate. When the first Spanish explorers came to Mexico in the early 16th century, they discovered chocolate, but they didn’t like its bitter taste. They brought it back to Spain and sweetened it by adding sugar. The Spanish kept it a secret for over a century before it reached the rest of Europe, where it soon became a very popular drink. However, it was only in 1847 that the first solid chocolate bar was made by an English company. A few decades later the Swiss created the first milk chocolate.
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B
pod
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Chocolate is made from the seeds, or ‘beans’, of the cocoa tree, which grows only near the equator. Cocoa beans are found inside pods (oval-shaped fruits) which grow on trees. Each pod contains a white pulp and about 30-50 beans. The pods are cut off and split open to take out the beans. First the beans are fermented for several days and during this process the sugar in the pulp is transformed into alcohol. After the cocoa beans are dried, they are sent to chocolate manufacturers, where they go through many stages of processing before chocolate is produced.
C
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A
The most common types of chocolate are dark, milk and white chocolate. Dark chocolate, also known as ‘plain chocolate’, usually contains more than 70 percent of cocoa and very little or no milk. White chocolate is not even real chocolate as it is made from sugar, milk and cocoa butter (which is fat extracted from cocoa beans), but has no cocoa solids.
D
Eating large amounts of chocolate is certainly bad for you. However, studies show that dark chocolate with a high percentage of cocoa has many health benefits. It is said to be good for the heart, blood circulation and brain and it also helps you feel happier. So, next time you are feeling down, have some chocolate, but be careful which type you choose and remember the long journey it has made from the simple bean to your favourite bar.
E
pulp bean/seed
Starter Unit UNIT 1 3 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 2 3 4 5
Who first made chocolate? What did it taste like? When did the Spanish discover chocolate? Where do cocoa trees grow? What is fermentation? What are the most common types of chocolate?
4 Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG). Cocoa beans were very valuable and they were used as money. The English made the first chocolate bar in the 18th century. Cocoa beans are first fermented and dried before they are sent to factories. Milk chocolate is more popular than dark chocolate. Not all dark chocolate is healthy.
5 Match the words from the text with their definitions.
A arrive somewhere B a company that makes goods in large numbers C certainly, without doubt D simple, without a lot of things added E how food or drink tastes F to have something inside, to include
undoubtedly flavour contain reach manufacturer plain
Vocabulary
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1 2 3 4 5 6
______ ______ ______ ______ ______
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1 2 3 4 5
Quantity Expressions
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6 Look at the photos and complete the gaps with the words in the box. jar
bunch
can
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bottle
bowl
slice
bar
loaf
1 a chocolate _______
2 a _______ of wine
3 a _______ of bread
4 a _______ of honey
5 a _______ of pizza
6 a _______ of cereal
7 a ________ of tuna
8 a ________ of grapes
7 Choose the correct words. 1 2 3 4 5
My family eats a loaf / bar of bread every day. My mother usually has a bottle / cup of coffee after breakfast. I often have a slice / loaf of pizza for dinner. There is a jar / bowl of peanut butter in my kitchen cupboard. My father always carries a can / bunch of keys in his pocket.
Talk to a partner. Which sentences are true for you?
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit
B
Passive (Present Simple)
Grammar
1 Complete the sentences with the words from the text. 1 Chocolate ____ made from the seeds, or ‘beans’, of the cocoa tree. 2 After the cocoa beans are ____, they ____ sent to chocolate manufacturers. 3 It is ____ to be good for the heart, circulation and brain and it also helps you feel happier. Affirmative
Questions
Active
Farmers in hot countries grow cocoa beans.
Do they make chocolate in Ghana?
Passive
Cocoa beans are grown by farmers in hot countries.
Is chocolate made in Ghana?
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2 Look at the table and the sentences from exercise 1 and choose the correct words in bold.
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RULES
To form the present passive we use the verb be / have in the present and the past simple / past participle of the verb. The subject / object of the active sentence becomes the subject / object in the passive. We use the passive when we know / don’t know or when it is / isn’t important who does the action. When we want to say who performs the action, we use the preposition from / by.
3 Choose the correct verb forms.
Cheese makes / is made from milk. China produces / is produced lots of rice. The cats feed / are fed twice a day. English speaks / is spoken all over the world. My parents drink / are drunk coffee every morning.
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1 2 3 4 5
4 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. 1 2 3 4 5
People buy books online every day. People drink tea all over the world. They don’t serve lunch until noon. People usually wear gloves in the winter. Millions of tourists visit France every year.
5 Complete the questions with the passive form of the verbs in the box. Then match the
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questions with the answers. sell
1 2 3 4 5 6
borrow
teach
show
How ______ paper ________? Where ______ meat ________? Where ______ films ________? Who ______ books ________by? Where ______ books ________ from? Who ______ students at universities ________ by?
make
write
A Professors. B At the cinema. C Authors. D Libraries. E From trees. F At the butcher’s.
6 Complete the questions with the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Then answer the questions in small groups. 1 2 3 4 5
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What kind of food __________________ (usually eat) in a hurry? Which fruit __________________ (grow) in your country? What kind of drinks __________________ (usually sell) in bottles? Which holidays __________________ (celebrate) in the winter? Which team sports __________________ (often play) in your school?
Starter Unit UNIT 1
Vocabulary
Healthy Eating Types of Food and Nutrients
1 Match the words with the photos.
1 cucumber
2
3
4
6
7
8
yoghurt pork fig
5
aubergine corn trout
Vegetables spinach, broccoli, 1____________, cauliflower, peas, 2____________
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2 Complete the spidergram with the words from exercise
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currant
FOOD
Fruit lemon, lime, kiwi, 3_________, peach, apricot, 4_________
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Meat & Fish beef, lamb, 5_________, tuna, salmon, 6_________
Grains bread, rice, wheat, 7_________
Dairy products milk, cheese, 8_________
3 Read the definition and try to guess which word in the box is not a nutrient. nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ = any substance in food that people, animals and plants need to live and grow
4
protein water
mineral fat energy carbohydrate vitamin
1.06 Read the sentences and discuss whether they are true or false. Then listen to the radio interview with a health expert and check your answers.
1 2 3 4 5
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C
Listening
We need energy for everything we do. The main sources of energy are carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. You can live for many days without food, but not without water. Healthy snacks include dark chocolate and nuts. Fresh fruit and vegetables are always healthier than frozen ones.
______ ______ ______ ______ ______
5 Listen again and choose the correct answers. 1 2 3 4 5
6
According to David, a lot of young people think / don’t think about the food they eat. Butter and meat contain good / bad fats. Calcium and iron are vitamins / minerals. David mentions an experiment to show that fizzy drinks have no nutrients / a lot of sugar. David says that you should sometimes / never skip breakfast. Talk to a partner.
Do you have a balanced diet? Is there anything you never / rarely eat? Why? How often do your parents cook? Do you ever prepare food?
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit
D
Quantifiers
Grammar
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. few
a few
some
many
much
a lot
a little
no
plenty
several
1 ____ ____ of people say that eating too ____ fat is not healthy. 2 How ____ portions of fruit and vegetables should we have on a daily basis? It’s good to have ____ portions a day – ideally five. 3 That’s why you should drink ____ of water, about two litres a day. 4 You can always have ____ dark chocolate, ____ ____ fruit or ____ ____nuts. 5 They just grab something to eat which gives them energy but has ____ or ____nutrients.
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2 Complete the table with the quantifiers from exercise 1. Uncountable nouns
Both countable and uncountable
_________ _________ _________ _________
________ little _______
_______ any _______ a _______ of / lots of _______ of
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Countable nouns
3 Look at the sentences below and match 1-4 with A-D.
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If you are a bit hungry, take a little fruit or a few nuts. Few teenagers think about the food they eat. Their parents are often busy and have little time to cook. 1 a little A some, a small number (positive meaning / countable nouns) 2 little B some, a small amount (positive meaning / uncountable nouns) 3 a few C not much / almost nothing (negative meaning / uncountable nouns) 4 few D not many / almost none (negative meaning / countable nouns)
1 2 3 4
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4 Complete the sentences with little, a little, few or a few. Luckily the children haven’t eaten the whole cake. There’s __________ bit left for you. Sam has got __________ friends here. He’s quite lonely. Can I ask you __________ questions? There is something I don’t understand. Hurry up! We’ve got very __________ time before our plane leaves.
5 Choose the correct words. 1 It’s better to have several / lots small meals than two large ones. 2 You mustn’t have some / any chocolate after lunch because you’ve already eaten too much / too many sweets today. 3 We’ve got little / a little money left. Shall we buy some / any ice-cream? 4 ‘How much / many fruit shall I buy?’ ‘You can buy few / a few apricots and pears, but we need no / any oranges as we’ve already got a little / plenty.’
6
Talk to a partner. Do you drink plenty of water? Do you eat too many sweets / too much chocolate? How many portions of fruit and vegetables do you have each day?
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Starter Unit UNIT 1
Grammar
Articles 1
7 Look at the sentences below and complete the rules with the words in the box. Water is a nutrient. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are nutrients that give us energy. David is a health expert. He says that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. meals
singular countable
plural countable
jobs
uncountable
RULES We use the indefinite article (a/an) with: __________________ nouns; __________________ or professions.
Vocabulary
__________________ nouns; __________________ nouns used in a general sense; 5 the names of __________________. 4
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2
We use no article with: 3
Preparing Food
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1
8 Write the verbs in the box under the photos. grate
slice
stir
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_______ the vegetables
pour
melt
_______ some water
_______ the cake
_______ the chocolate
_______ the carrots
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_______ the sauce
bake
9 Complete the recipe. Choose the correct words and use the verbs from exercise 8.
Courgette soufflé Ingredients
Method
courgettes eggs butter oil flour milk cheese salt and pepper
First 1_____________ several / plenty courgettes. Heat some oil in a / – large saucepan and add little / a little garlic and the courgettes. Cook them and then remove them from the heat and season with some / any salt and pepper. 2 _____________ the butter and then add some flour. Cook for a / an minute and then 3_____________ some hot milk. 4 _____________ the sauce well and add a few / few eggs. 5 _____________ some cheese and add it to the mixture. 6 _____________ in a / – preheated oven for about half a / an hour.
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit
E
Communication 1
Eating Out
Talk to a partner. How often do you eat out? What kind of food do you usually buy / order?
Vocabulary
Tastes
2 Match the tastes with the types of food. A 90% dark chocolate B lemon C chilli peppers D bread E cake
sweet savoury bitter spicy sour
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1 2 3 4 5
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3 Look at the menu and answer the questions.
1 Which food from the menu can you see in the photos? 2 Which dishes do you expect to be savoury / sweet / spicy? 3 Which drinks do you expect to be bitter / sour? Starters
Beverages
Boiled potatoes......... £2.25 Mashed potatoes...........£2.50 Chips............................£2.35 Rice...............................£1.95 Green beans..................£2.10 Mixed salad..................£2.65
Tea ...............................£1.95 Espresso........................£1.85 Cappuccino...................£2.40
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Tomato soup................ £2.00 Vegetable soup............. £3.30 Garlic bread................. £2.50
Side dishes
Mains
4
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Pork ribs...................... £9.90 Grilled salmon............£16.40 Roast chicken............ £12.50 Beefsteak................... £15.75 Lamb curry................ £14.90
Desserts
Cheesecake ..................£3.50 Vanilla ice cream..........£2.60 Chocolate mousse ...... £2.85
Carrot, orange and ginger smoothie............£3.15 Blackcurrant, raspberry and lemon smoothie ..£3.25
1.07 Listen to a dialogue in a restaurant and complete the sentences with the missing words. Use one or two words.
1 2 3 4
Both the girl and the boy choose the ________________ for the starter. The waiter recommends ________________ because it is fresh. The girl has the ________________ for the main course. The boy wants to drink _______________ juice and the girl orders only ______________.
Waiter: Are you ready to order? Girl: I think so. For the starter, I’d like the tomato soup, please. Boy: The same for me, please. Waiter: And for the main course? Boy: Is there anything you would recommend? Waiter: Grilled salmon is today’s special. It’s really fresh.
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Orange juice.................£2.00 Grapefruit juice............£2.10
Boy:
That sounds good. I’ll have that and boiled potatoes, please. Waiter: All right. Girl: And I’ll have the roast chicken, please. Waiter: Would you like chips or rice with your chicken? Girl: Chips, please. Waiter: What would you like to drink?
Starter Unit UNIT 1 Boy: Girl:
I’ll have an orange juice, please. And I’ll just have a glass of water.
*** Waiter: Would you like anything for dessert? Girl: No, thanks. This was lovely. Boy: Could we have the bill, please? Waiter: Of course. How would you like to pay? Boy: By credit card. It’s my treat today. Girl: Oh, thank you! That is very nice of you.
*** Boy: Oh, there’s my salmon. It looks yummy! Girl: And my chicken smells so good! Boy: I’m sure everything tastes delicious. Waiter: Enjoy your meal! Boy/Girl: Thank you!
5
1.08
Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Waiter
Customer
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And for the main 3________? Grilled salmon is today’s 5________
What 7________ you like to drink? Would you like anything for 9________? Of course. How would you like to 11________? 1.09
1 2 3 4 5
Listen to the questions and choose the appropriate responses.
a) I like vegetable soup. a) Yes, please. a) A cappuccino, please. a) Sure. a) Cash.
c) I’ll have the lamb curry, please. c) Rice, please. c) I wouldn’t like anything. c) So-so. c) No, thank you.
Verbs of Sense
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Grammar
b) I want pork ribs. b) Nothing, please. b) Tea. b) It was delicious. b) Credit.
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6
→ I think so. For the 2________, I’d like the tomato soup, please. → Is there 4________ you would recommend? → That 6________ good. I’ll have that and boiled potatoes, please. → I’ll 8________ an orange juice, please. → No, thanks. This was lovely. ← Could we have the 10________, please? → By credit card.
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Are you ready to 1________?
7 Look at the sentences below and complete the rule by choosing the correct word. That sounds good.
It looks yummy!
I’m sure everything tastes delicious.
RULE We use the verbs look, feel, sound, smell and taste with an adjective / an adverb. 8 Complete the sentences using the verbs and adjectives in the boxes. feel smell look sounds tastes 1 2 3 4 5
9
tired strange relaxing safe wonderful
I can’t eat this cheese. I’ve tried it and it __________ a bit __________. These flowers are beautiful and they _________ _________, too. You __________ really __________! What time did you go to bed last night? This music __________ so __________. I think I’m going to fall asleep soon. I don’t __________ __________in the car with you. You should drive more carefully!
Work in pairs. Take turns being a waiter / waitress and a customer. Look at the menu and use the phrases from exercise 5. You may have to change some of the words in blue.
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit
F
Across cultures Food Festivals 1 Look at the photos on pages 20-21.
What do you think happens at these festivals? What kind of food is eaten / used?
2 Read the text and match paragraphs A–F with photos 1–6.
1
Amazing Food Festivals
4
Every year, hundreds of food festivals are held around the world. Here are some of the most interesting ones.
Hokitika Wildfoods Festival
B
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Held in mid-March in a small town of Hokitika on the west coast of New Zealand, the Wildfoods Festival is without doubt one of the world’s weirdest food festivals. Visitors can try a wide selection of unusual dishes and every year new wild foods are introduced. So if you’ve never tasted scorpions, wild pork or lambs’ tails, this is your chance! There are plenty of snacks on offer, from worms to grasshoppers, but the less adventurous don’t need to worry – there are always ‘normal’ dishes, which include frogs’ legs or snails in garlic.
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A
Moon Festival
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The Moon Festival, also known as the MidAutumn Festival, is the second most important festival in China (after the Chinese New Year). Each year on the fifteenth day of the eight lunar month people gather to celebrate the year’s harvest and make sacrifices to the moon. When the full moon appears, lanterns are lit and round pastries known as ‘mooncakes’ are eaten. They are usually filled with red-bean or lotus-seed paste, but they can also contain fruit, chocolate or savoury fillings.
C
Pizzafest
Pizzafest, the largest celebration of pizza, takes place in the city of Naples, which is believed to be the birthplace of Italy’s most famous food. It is organized every September and lasts for about a week. During that time you can enjoy a variety of unique pizzas made by the world’s top pizza makers. The festival features music and entertainment performances and a contest in which the world’s best pizza maker is chosen.
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D
Chinchilla Melon Festival
Those who want to go skiing in the middle of summer should head to the Australian town of Chinchilla, where the Melon festival is held in February every second year. Over 20 tonnes of watermelons are donated by local farmers for this event. About 800 of them are eaten and even more are used for activities like watermelonskiing, chariot racing or a massive watermelon fight at the end of the festival.
E
Fête du Citron
Fête du Citron, or Lemon Festival, is a unique event which attracts over 200,000 visitors every year. It takes place in February in the town of Menton on the French Riviera. During the threeweek festival over 140 tonnes of oranges and lemons are used to build huge sculptures. Some of the creations include giant castles, dinosaurs, elephants and dragons.
F
La Tomatina
Every August the Spanish town of Buñol is visited by tens of thousands of people who come from across the globe to take part in the world's biggest food fight. Trucks full of tomatoes drive into the town and the crowds go wild as they throw tomatoes at each other. There is one important rule, though. All the tomatoes must be crushed before they are thrown so that no one gets hurt.
Starter Unit UNIT 1
3
5
6
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2
3 Read the text again. Which festival
1 includes a food making competition?
4 lasts longer than two weeks?
2 takes place in the summer?
5 includes activities in which a lot of food is wasted?
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3 isn’t held every year
4 Write the missing words. Find them in the text.
create
6
Noun
organization
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Verb celebrate
attraction
6 isn’t held in Europe?
5 Find the synonyms in the text for 1–5. 1 2 3 4 5
huge ____________________ available ____________________ around the world ____________________ choice ____________________ includes ____________________
Talk to a partner.
Which festival(s) would you like to visit? Why? Are there any food festivals in your town / country?
PROJECT ■ A food festival Write about a food festival from your / another country or invent your own food festival. Say: • • • •
where and when it is held. how many people it is visited by. what kind of food is eaten. what else is done during the festival.
Find photos for your project.
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit
G
Writing
A Report on a Survey
1 Read the text and write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG). 1 2 3 4 5
The report presents the results of a survey about eating habits. Most pupils buy sweets every week. Everybody drinks more than one glass of water a day. There isn’t anybody who eats fish twice or three times a week. Most students send text messages to their friends while having a meal.
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Report ▪ Eating Habits
2 Complete the survey.
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A group of ten students took part in a survey about eating habits. About 50% of them have a homemade meal every day. Almost all the students buy fast food every week, but very few of them have at least two portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Most students drink a few glasses of water a day. Nobody drinks only one glass and a few of them drink at least a litre. More than half of the pupils eat fish once a week. A few of them eat fish once a month, but nobody eats it twice or three times a week. 50% of the students usually talk to their family while eating. A few of them watch TV and few text their friends while having a meal.
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SURVEY ▪ Eating Habits
Part 1
Yes
No
2 Do you buy fast food every week?
Yes
No
3 Do you have at least two portions of fruit and vegetables a day?
Yes
No
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1 Do you have a home-made meal every day?
Part 2 1 How much water do you drink each day? a) One glass. b) A few glasses. c) At least a litre. 2 How often do you eat fish? a) Once a month. b) Once a week. c) Twice or three times a week. 3 What do you usually do while eating? a) I talk to my family. b) I watch TV. c) I text a friend.
3 Match columns A and B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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All the students / Everybody Nobody Almost all the (students) 50% (of them) (Very) few students Most (pupils) More than half (of them) A few pupils
A 0/10 (zero out of ten) B 1,2/10 C 3,4/10 D 5/10 E 6/10 F 7,8/10 G 9/10 H 10/10 (ten out of ten)
All the / Most / Few students + plural verb Everybody / Nobody + singular verb
Starter Unit UNIT 1 4 Carry out a survey with ten students in your class. Ask them the questions from exercise 2 and write the results in the table below.
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3
Part 1 Yes
Eating habits No
SURVEY
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3
Part 2 a
b
c
5 Write a report on the survey. Plan before you write.
Paragraph 2 The results of Part 2 of the survey (Questions 1 and 2).
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Paragraph 3 The results of Part 2 of the survey (Question 3).
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Paragraph 1 Introduction and the results of Part 1 of the survey.
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Use: All the / Almost all the / More than half of the / 50% of the / A few / Very few students (pupils, them) + plural verb Everybody / Nobody + singular verb
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Starter UNIT 1 Unit Jokes
Fun Page
Why did the students eat their homework? Because the teacher said that it was a piece of cake.
Riddles
Why do the French like to eat snails? Because they don’t like fast food!
a) What never asks questions but is often answered? b) What is black and white and red all over?
Food Quiz 5 A dried plum is known as a _____. a) prune b) raisin c) date
2 The rice dish ‘paella’ comes from _____. a) Italy b) France c) Spain
6 ‘Maize’ is another word for _____. a) wheat b) corn c) barley
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1 People who don’t eat meat are called _____. a) vegetables b) vegetarians c) non-vegans
3 The most popular fruit in the world is _____. a) the apple b) the orange c) the banana 4 The world’s favourite ice cream flavor is _. a) chocolate b) vanilla c) strawberry
Food Idioms
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Match the idioms with their definitions. A not be the type of thing you like B very little money
C full of energy
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D have a lot of things or problems to deal with
E someone who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television
1
not be someone’s cup of tea
2 peanuts 4 have a lot/too
much on your plate
3
a couch potato
Complete the sentences with the food idioms.
5 full of beans 1 These children are _________________. They got up early this morning and they are still playing outside. 2 I’ve had enough of this job. I work long hours and I am paid _________________! 3 The theatre is not _________________. I’d rather go to a football match instead. 4 Alan has become a real _________________. He just sits at home watching TV. 5 I’m working very hard and I have to take care of my grandma who’s ill. I’ve got _________________ at the moment.
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Starter Unit UNIT 2
UNIT 2
Life in the Past Reading
Ed
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Forgotten by Time
Grammar
Passive (Past Simple) Used to Relative Pronouns Uncountable Nouns
Vocabulary
Natural Disasters The City and the Countryside British and American English Numbers
Listening In the City
Speaking Talking about life in the city / the countryside Talking about past facts and habits Talking about English Talking about your town / city
Communication Talking About the Past
Across Cultures The English Language
Writing An Article About a Town or a City
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Starter UNIT 2 Unit
Forgotten by Time
Reading
A
Vocabulary
Natural Disasters
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. tsunami
drought
flood
volcanic eruption
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A _____________ is a very large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before. An ____________ is a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface. A _____________ happens when magma (hot liquid rock) comes to the surface. A _____________ is a series of waves caused by a violent movement of the earth under the sea. A _____________ is a long period with no or very little rain.
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1 2 3 4 5
earthquake
2 Look at the photos on pages 26 and 27. Where were these cities? Do you know anything about them? 1.10 Read and listen to the text and check the answers. Which natural disaster from exercise 1 isn’t mentioned?
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3
Lost Cities Rediscovered Machu Picchu
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Often called ‘the Lost City of the Incas’, Machu Picchu was constructed around 1450 and abandoned only a century later as a result of the Spanish conquest of South America. Located in the mountains in the Cusco region of Peru, it was hidden to the outside world until 1911 when it was rediscovered by historian Hiram Bingham, who was actually looking for another ancient city. Built at the height of the Incan Empire, the city had a complex structure. There are different theories about what it was used for. Some historians believe that it was a holy temple, while others think that it used to be a prison. However, recent research shows that it probably served as an estate for an Incan emperor. Machu Picchu was included in the list of the New Seven Wonders of the World and was declared a * UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
Pompeii Located near modern-day Naples, Pompeii was an ancient Roman city which was destroyed after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. When the volcano Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, it covered Pompeii and the neighbouring town of Herculaneum in several meters of ash and rock. Thousands of people were killed and their bodies were *
26
UNESCO – The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Starter Unit UNIT 2 frozen in time. The cities were abandoned and their names and locations were forgotten until they were accidentally found many centuries later. The ruins at Pompeii were first discovered at the end of the 16th century by Italian architect Domenico Fontana. Some walls and frescoes were found, but they were soon buried again and serious excavation did not begin until 1748. The skeletons, material objects and architecture excavated at Pompeii and Herculaneum have been preserved for almost 2,000 years. They are now like a window into the past, showing us what life was like during the early Roman Empire. Today Pompeii is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Petra
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The city of Petra is located in Jordan, in the Middle East. Its name, which means ‘rock’in Greek, probably refers to hundreds of buildings, temples, baths, monuments and tombs that were carved into stone cliffs. It is often called ‘the Rose City’ for its red stone and ‘the Lost City’ because it was hidden to the outside world for centuries. Built over 2,000 years ago by a tribe of Arab people called the Nabataeans, Petra was a major trading centre for spices, silk and incense. The Nabataeans were successful traders who managed to control floods by using dams and cisterns and store water for long periods of drought. Their ability to control the water supply and Petra’s geographical position were the main reasons for the city’s success. However, after a few earthquakes, Petra was abandoned in the the 6th century and forgotten in the Western world until it was rediscovered by a Swiss explorer in 1812. In 1985 Petra was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2007 it was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
4 Find the verbs in the text that have the following meanings: 1 2 3 4 5
dig carefully in order to find things from the past leave a place put something in the ground or cover it completely so that it can’t be found save something from being damaged or destroyed state something publicly and officially
5 Answer the questions. Which city 1 wasn’t destroyed by a natural disaster? 2 was rediscovered in the 19th century? 3 was buried in ash for centuries? 4 was abandoned for over 1,000 years? 5 is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World? 6 is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
6 Complete the table. Verb
Noun
1
_____________
declaration
locate
2
3
_____________
eruption
excavate
4
_____________
destruction
5
_____________ _____________
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Starter UNIT 2 Unit
B
Grammar
Passive (Past Simple)
1 Complete the sentences from the text with the missing words. Which lost cities do they refer to? 1 There are different theories about what it __________ used for. 2 In 1985 it was __________ a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 3 Thousands of people __________ killed and their bodies were __________ in time.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and complete the rule with the correct words. To form the passive in the past we use was / _________ and the past _________ of the verb.
3 Complete the table with the missing words. Passive Petra _______ built by the Nabataeans over 2,000 years ago. It _______ discovered until 1812. _______ any frescoes found?
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Negative Questions
Active The Nabataeans built Petra over 2,000 years ago. They didn’t discover it until 1812. Did they find any frescoes?
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Affirmative
4 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
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1 Machu Picchu ____________ (not destroy) by an earthquake. 2 It ____________ (hide) to the outside world until 1911. 3 The eruption of Mount Vesuvius ____________ (describe) in a letter which ____________ (write) by Pliny the Younger. 4 The cities ____________ (abandon) and their names and locations ____________ (forget). 5 The ruins at Pompeii ____________ (not discover) in the 15th century.
5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
Picasso painted Guernica after the Spanish Civil War in 1937. Alfred Hitchcock didn’t direct The Godfather. They buried the Egyptian pharaohs in the pyramids. Did France give the Statue of Liberty to the United States? When did they make the first cars?
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1 2 3 4 5
QUIZ K Ancient Rome
6 Complete the questions using the past passive form of the verbs in the box. Then choose the correct answers. hold
raise
build
murder
found
1 How many hills ________ the ancient city of Rome _______ on? a) three b) five c) seven 2 Who ________ Rome ________ by? Twin brothers Romulus and _______. a) Remus. b) Roma. c) Rex. 3 Who ________the twin brothers ________ by? a) A she-bear. b) A she-goat. c) A she-wolf. 4 Where ________ gladiator fights ________? a) In the Pantheon. b) In the Colosseum. c) In Piazza Navona. 5 Which Roman emperor ________________? a) Claudius b) Hadrian c) Marcus Aurelius
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Starter Unit UNIT 2
Listening
Look at the photos. Where would you prefer to live? Why?
Vocabulary
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1
Life in the City
The City and the Countryside
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C
2 Match the words to form compound nouns.
4
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A mall 1 traffic 2 cycle B centre 3 railway C station 4 bus D transport 5 public E lane 6 city F stop 7 shopping G lights
3 Are these words used to describe a city or a village? Write C (city) or V (village).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
skyscraper cottage farm suburbs pollution field crowded
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1.11 Listen to four people talking about how their lives were different in the past.
Ed
Which speaker lived in A a foreign country? __________ B a village? __________ C a small town? __________ D the centre of a big city? __________
5 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the missing words. 1 Harry moved to the __________ of London two years ago. He didn’t do any sport in the past, but now he plays __________ and goes __________ a few times a week. 2 Carol’s family had a farm in __________. She now lives in a __________ in New York. 3 Jamie lived in the __________ until last year. He often rode a __________ there because there were a lot of cycle __________. 4 Lilly moved to __________ two years ago. Some of her friends’ parents are __________.
6
Talk to a partner. What are the advantages or disadvantages of living in a big city / the countryside? What do you like / dislike about living in your village, town or city? Think about: facilities, entertainment, work, education, pollution, transport, noise, safety.
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Starter UNIT 2 Unit
D
Grammar
Used to
1 Complete the sentences with the missing words. 1 Harry used to _________ in the heart of London, but now he lives in the suburbs. 2 Carol _________ use to have many neighbours, but she now shares a building with about two hundred other people. 3 Did Jamie _________ to do more sports when he lived in the Netherlands?
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and choose the correct words in bold. We use used to to talk about past facts or habits that are still true / that are no longer true.
I used ____ live in the countryside. I didn’t ____ to live in a big city. ____ he use to work in a bank?
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Affirmative Negative Questions
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3 Complete the table with the missing words.
4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets. We all _______________ (drink) much more milk when we were children. Pete _______________ (not get up) so early, but now he does as his work starts at 7 a.m. I _______________ (not be) crazy about football when I was younger, but I now prefer tennis. _________ you ___________ (have) a lot of toys when you were little? Moira _______________ (not like) olives, but now she eats them almost every day.
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1 2 3 4 5
5 Look at the pictures of William and Charlotte Spencer. Write five sentences about their lives in
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the past and now.
Ten years ago
1 2 3 4 5
6
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Now
They didn’t use to live in a house, but now they do. / They used to live in a building, but they now live in a house. _______________________________________________________________________________. _______________________________________________________________________________. _______________________________________________________________________________. _______________________________________________________________________________. _______________________________________________________________________________.
Work in groups. Write three sentences about what you used / didn’t use to do when you were seven years old. Two sentences should be true and one should be false. Your partners have to guess which sentence is incorrect.
Starter Unit UNIT 2 7
Talk to your partner about how your life used to be different when you were much younger. Use some of the verbs from the box.
be
have
live
Did you use to collect anything when you were younger?
Grammar
wear play like eat drink read watch collect get up go to bed Yes, I did. I used to collect stickers.
What time did you use to go to bed?
Relative Pronouns
listen to
I used to go to bed much earlier, maybe at about 8 p.m.
8 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
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I worked for a bank _________ was also in the city centre. The town _________ I grew up is quite small. I had lots of good friends there _________ I loved spending time with. I have some really cool friends _________ parents are quite famous.
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1 2 3 4
9 Complete the rules with the words in the box. people
things
possessions
We use who to talk about ________________ . We use which to talk about __ ______________ . We use where to talk about ________________ . We use whose to talk about __ ______________ .
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1 2 3 4
places
10 Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use who, which, where or whose. Then compare your sentences with a partner.
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1 _________________ is a person _________ job is to help people. 2 _________________ is a film _________ reminds me of my childhood. 3 _________________ is a place _________ you can buy some delicious food. 4 _________________ is someone _________ always makes me laugh. 5 _________________ is a game _________ I used to play when I was little.
QUIZ K Big Cities
11 Complete the sentences using who, which, where or whose. Then choose the correct words.
1 The name of the country _______ capital city is Wellington is _______. a) Canada b) Australia c) New Zealand 2 The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris _______ was built in _______. a) 1695 b) 1776 c) 1889 3 Peter Minuit is a man _______ bought the island of Manhattan in _______ from local Indians for goods worth $24 in 1626. a) Sydney b) New York c) Los Angeles 4 ______ is a city _______ more than 20 million people live. a) Beijing b) London c) Rio de Janeiro 5 Ho Chi Minh City, ______ used to be called Saigon, is the largest city in ______. a) Vietnam b) India c) Thailand
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Starter UNIT 2 Unit
E
Communication 1
Talking About the Past
Talk to a partner. What do you think life used to be like fifty years ago? What do you think children and teenagers used to do in their free time? How were their lives different from those of young people today? 1.12 You are going to listen to a conversation between a couple of old friends. Tick the topics they talk about.
Childhood
Films
Music
Food
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Transpor
much more respected than they are now, don’t you think? Absolutely. Unlike many teenagers today, Jack: we used to listen to our teachers and parents. Amelia: That’s true. I remember I always asked my parents for advice. Nowadays young people don’t talk to their parents any more. Instead they just text each other and share so much information online with friends and even strangers. I couldn’t agree more. And not only do Jack: they spend most of their time on social media, but they are also too lazy to walk. When I was young I used to go to school on foot. Amelia: Yes, but you used to live in a small town. I grew up in a city and I had to take a bus to school. However, there didn’t use to be so much traffic in those days. Just listen to us, complaining about how Jack: life used to be better when we were young! I guess it just shows how old we are. Amelia: Now, I totally disagree with that. I don’t think we’re old at all. I don’t know about you, but I still feel very young at heart.
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Amelia: Did you enjoy spending time with your family last weekend, Jack? I did, although my granddaughter was Jack: very disappointed because there was no wi-fi in the hotel. She wonders how I ever survived without the Internet when I was her age. Amelia: These young people can’t understand we had fun even without mobile phones and all the other gadgets. I remember we used to play hide-and-seek and so many other games when we were children. The only thing they seem to be interested in these days is looking at one screen or another. You’re right. The only screen we had was Jack: the TV, but we didn’t spend a lot of time watching it. As a child, I preferred playing outside, running around and digging holes in the garden. Amelia: Why did you dig holes in the garden? Jack: I wanted to be an archaeologist, you see. I liked to believe there was something buried near my house. It used to drive my mother crazy. What did you want to be when you were young, Amelia? Amelia: When I was in primary school my dream was to become a teacher. Teachers were
Technology
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2
Starter Unit UNIT 2 3 Complete the sentences from the dialogue with the missing words. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I _______ we used to play hide-and-seek and so many other games when we were children. The only thing they seem to be interested in _____ days is looking at one screen or another. ______ a child, I _______ playing outside, running around and digging holes in the garden. Teachers were much more respected than they are _____, don’t you think? Unlike many teenagers _______, we used to listen to our teachers and parents. __________ young people don’t talk to their parents any more. There didn’t use to be so much traffic in _______ days.
4 Read the dialogue again and complete the gaps with the sentences in green. Agreeing: Disagreeing:
1 5
You’re right. 2 ________________. ________________.
3
________________.
4
________________.
Work in pairs or small groups. Prepare a short dialogue between two adults or an adult and a teenager. Use some of the highlighted words and phrases from exercise 3 and the phrases from exercise 4.
6
Talk to a partner. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Give reasons to support your opinions.
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5
1 It is always good to ask your parents for advice. 2 Young people spend most of their time on social media. 3 People nowadays share too much information online.
7 Look at the sentence below. Is information a countable or an uncountable noun?
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They share so much information online with friends and even strangers.
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Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. The weather was good, so we decided to go to the beach. All my homework is done, so I’m going to hang out with my friends this evening. We can’t use a/an with nouns like information or advice, but we can use some / a piece of / a few pieces of. My grandmother gave me some really good advice. I would like to give you a few pieces of information that I found very useful.
8 Which of the nouns in the box is always followed by a plural verb? news
advice
police
luggage
equipment
furniture
9 Tick the correct sentences and correct the wrong ones. 1 2 3 4 5
Can you give me an advice please? I’m looking for accommodation, but I don’t know where to start. I haven’t brought much luggage with me. Our English teacher is very strict. He always sets a lot of homeworks. Police are looking for information about a man who hit a pedestrian and drove away. I haven’t heard from Brian since he moved away. Does anyone have a news about him?
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Starter UNIT 2 Unit
F
Across cultures 1
The English Language
Talk to a partner. Do you find learning English easy or difficult? Why? What is the hardest thing about learning English? Before you read the text look at the sentences below and try to guess if they are true or false. Discuss in groups. 1 2 3 4 5
There are more than 1 billion people who are learning English. Old English developed after the fall of the Roman Empire. Vikings conquered England in the 12th century. About 40% of the words in English come from French and Latin. In the 19th century Britain ruled one third of the earth’s surface.
3 Read the text and check your guesses.
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A Brief History of English
______ ______ ______ ______ ______
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2
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With more than 360 million native English speakers, a few hundred million people who speak it as a second language and over 1 billion of those who are learning it, English has no doubt become the world’s dominant language. But where did the English language come from and how did it develop? Early inhabitants of Great Britain spoke Celtic, but when the Romans conquered England, they brought with them their language, Latin. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, three Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes arrived in Britain from Denmark and northern Germany. These tribes spoke similar languages which developed into what we now call Old English. It did not sound or look like English today, but many basic English words come from Old English, such as be, house, water, man and woman. The introduction of Christianity at the end of the 6th century and the influence of the church brought more Latin words into the English language. Two centuries later England was invaded by Vikings who brought Old Norse, also a Germanic language. Words derived from Norse include: sky, egg, cake, skin, leg and window. In 1066 England was conquered by the Normans, who spoke a dialect of old French. Their language heavily influenced English, which during that time changed a lot. For about 300 years English was spoken only by lower classes; the upper classes spoke French, while Latin remained the language of the church and of learning. This explains why nearly 60% of the vocabulary in the English language comes from Latin and French. In the 14th century English became dominant again, but with many French words added. Some of the words of French origin include crown, parliament, court, beauty and art. After the printing press was invented in the 15th century, books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Most publishing houses were located in London and as a result, the dialect which was spoken there now became the standard. During the English Renaissance many words from Greek and Latin entered English. This period, which lasted from the late 15th to the early 17th century, is also referred to as the age of Shakespeare or the Elizabethan era. In the 18th century England began the Industrial Revolution, which had a big influence on the language as it created the need for new words, such as train, engine, electricity, telephone and camera. The English language further spread with the growth of the British Empire in the 19th century, which at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface. The English moved across the world and their language adopted foreign words from many countries. However, the story of English doesn’t end there. Today the English language keeps changing and developing, with hundreds of new words arriving each year and more and more people all over the world using it in their daily lives.
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Starter Unit UNIT 2 4 Can you find at least three examples of words which 1 come from a) Old English? b) Old Norse? c) French? 2 were invented during the Industrial Revolution?
__________, __________, __________. __________, __________, __________. __________, __________, __________. __________, __________, __________.
5 Can you guess which languages these loanwords come from? French Greek Italian Spanish Japanese Native American languages
A opera, umbrella, paparazzi B judo, karaoke, tsunami C café, theatre, castle D cannibal, chocolate, potato E athlete, museum, democracy F guitar, tornado, mosquito
Loanword – a word taken from one language and used in another
o
1 2 3 4 5 6
6 Do you know what the difference is between a mobile phone and a cell phone / a shopping
pr om
centre and a shopping mall?
7 Write the British English words in the box next to their American English equivalents.
1 2 3 4 5 6
sidewalk gas highway store parking lot trash can
Vocabulary 1.13
car park
motorway
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
rubbish bin
pavement
Numbers
Listen and repeat.
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8
petrol
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shop
360, 000, 000
60%
¼
1, 000, 000, 000
1066
14th
9 Match the words with the figures. 1 fortieth 2 four fifths
A 40%
B 40th
3 four thousand four hundred and fifty
C 1440 4 forty percent D 4 5 5 fourteen forty E 4,450
PROJECT ■ English Choose one of the topics: 1 Loanwords (Find more loanwords in English. Which languages do they come from?) 2 British and American English (Find some other words which are different in British and American English.)
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