TATT 2025

Corporate Information

Using initiative, fresh and imaginative thinking, and consistently creative introductions of new and original ideas that add value to the organisation.

Accountability, character, honour and morals in all things.

Dedication to the organisation and its goals and our corporate social responsibility.

A high standard of behaviour and expertise consistently demonstrated in all work endeavours.

Devoted, enthusiastic and collaborative attitudes that are responsive to the needs of others.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Message from the Chairman Chief Executive Officer’s Report Board Members Governance Structure Leadership Team TATT in the Community

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1 REVIEW OF KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES 1.1 Strategic Theme 1: Universal Quality Connectivity 1.1.1 Strategic Objective: Increase quality through competition, monitoring, standards, awareness and enforcement 1.1.2 Strategic Objective: Increase skills and awareness 1.1.3 Strategic Objective: Strengthen public awareness and branding 1.2 Strategic Theme 2: Sustainability of the Industry 1.2.1 Strategic Objective: Improve stakeholder collaboration, with emphasis on the industry stakeholders 1.2.2 Strategic Objective: Enable a modernised legislative and regulatory regime 1.2.3 Strategic Objective: Strengthen compliance and enforcement mechanisms 1.2.4 Strategic Objective: Promote investment in the industry 1.3 Strategic Theme 3: Organisational Effectiveness 1.3.1 Strategic Objective: Promote organisational innovation (digitalise systems and processes) 1.3.2 Strategic Objective: Business operations compliance and optimisation 1.4 Strategic Theme 4: Regional Harmonisation 1.4.1 Strategic Objective: Increase research focus on regionally relevant ICT issues

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2 LOOKING AHEAD 2025–2026 2.1 Digital and Operational Transformation 2.1.1 Enhance Digital Infrastructure, Systems and Process Efficiency 2.1.2 Strengthen Financial Sustainability and Cost Optimisation Efforts 2.1.3 Build a Future-Ready, Agile TATT 2.2 Sector Development and Regulatory Transformation 2.2.1 Modernise Legislation and Regulatory Frameworks Through Participatory Development and an Evidence-Based Approach 2.2.2 Promote Sector and Industry Growth and Investment 2.2.3 Enhance Sector Oversight and Monitoring 2.3 Inclusionary Transformation 2.3.1 Promote Digital Inclusion, Expanded Connectivity and Create a Digitally Intelligent Society 2.3.2 Strengthen Public Awareness and Brand Equity 2.4 Regional Collaboration and Transformation 2.4.1 Influence Global ICT Policy

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3 OVERVIEW OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND BROADCASTING SECTORS 3.1 Trends in Market Revenues for January to December 2024 3.2 Domestic Telecommunications and Broadcasting Statistics 3.3 Trends in Subscription Penetration as at December 2024 3.4 Broadcasting and Telecommunications Concessions as at September 2025

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4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT STATISTICS 4.1 Consumer Complaints Handling 4.2 Consumer Complaints Committee 4.3 Broadcasting Content Complaints 4.4 Interference Complaints 4.5 Licence Applications 4.6 Concession Applications 4.7 Tower Administration 4.8 RFR Measurements of Cellular and Wi-Fi Sites 4.9 Number Portability 4.10 FOIA 4.11 Satellite Coordination 4.12 National Broadband Performance 2025 4.13 Equipment Certification 4.14 USF Initiatives

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5 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

List of Tables Table 1.

Domestic telecommunications and broadcasting statistics for the period 2016 to 2024 Table 2: Broadcasting market concessions for the period September 2022 to September 2025 Table 3: Telecommunications market concessions as at 30th September 2025 Table 4: Broadcasting complaints as at 30th September 2025 Table 5: Number and types of licence applications for the period 2016 to 2025 Table 6: Concession applications as at 30th September 2025 Table 7: Fixed and mobile broadband mobile speeds over the period October 2021 to September 2025 Table 8: Status of equipment certification and non-objection applications List of Figures Figure 1: Proportion of total industry revenues contributed by each market in 2024 Figure 2: Penetration rate of subscription-based markets from 2020 to 2024 Figure 3: Consumer complaints handled from 1st October 2024 to 30th September 2025 Figure 4: Broadcasting content complaints from 1st October 2024 to 30th September 2025 Figure 5: Status of licence applications as at 30th September 2025 Figure 6: Mobile broadband coverage for the period October 2024 to September 2025 Figure 7: Fixed broadband coverage for the period October 2024 to September 2025 Figure 8: Total number of TTWiFi sites commissioned during the period 2020 to 2025

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Message from the Chairman As we conclude another impactful year and stand at the brink of our seventh Strategic Plan (2025-2028), I am profoundly proud to share the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago’s (TATT) achievements for 2024/2025 and outline our forward-looking strategic direction.

CRIS SEECHERAN Chairman

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Marking two decades since our establishment, TATT continues to lead with an unwavering commitment to innovation, connectivity, and digital inclusion, steering Trinidad and Tobago towards becoming an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) -recognised Fifth-generation (G5) regulator — a national imperative that demands unwavering determination, strategic foresight, and relentless collaboration.

Our key performance highlights for the year underscore our commitment to transforming the national digital landscape: •

Bolstering Connectivity & Performance: We witnessed substantial gains in digital access, with mobile internet penetration soaring to 70.5% (from 59.1% in 2023) and the pervasive use of 4G technology by 81.7% of mobile subscribers, highlighting the robustness of our networks.

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Looking Ahead As we now launch our ambitious seventh Strategic Plan for 2025-2028, we are charting a course for unprecedented growth and innovation. This roadmap is meticulously designed to future-proof our digital ecosystem and ensure TATT remains an agile and responsive regulator.

Our key strategic pillars for the new strategic 2025-2028 period are: 1.

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Empowering Consumers & Safeguarding Rights: Our vigilant consumer protection efforts resolved 92.5% of the 375 consumer complaints received, while our new Cybersecurity Guidelines were developed through extensive consultation to fortify public telecommunications networks against threats. Our widespread community and school outreach programmes successfully boosted digital literacy and awareness across the nation.

Driving Digital Inclusion: Our Universal Service Fund initiatives continued to bridge the digital divide, benefiting 1,883 persons with disabilities through assistive technology subsidies. Furthermore, the National Wi-Fi Initiative expanded significantly, with the commissioning of 227 TTWiFi sites across key public spaces, including transportation hubs, national libraries, schools, and health institutions, ensuring affordable digital access for all. Our ICT training and bursary programmes are actively nurturing digital skills and talent.

Global Influence: Our contributions to regional and international dialogues, including hosting the 2nd Caribbean Spectrum Management Conference and actively contributing to ITU, CITEL, and ICANN discussions on 5G, AI, and DTT migration, solidify our role as a proactive global ICT player.

Digital & Operational Transformation: Internally, we will modernise TATT’s systems, processes, and capabilities, leveraging digital tools and fostering a culture of agility to ensure we remain efficient, responsive, and financially sustainable.

2. Sector Development & Regulatory Transformation: We are committed to updating our regulatory frameworks, promoting investment, and embracing new technologies like AI, 5G, and satellite infrastructure. This includes advancing an over-the-top (OTT) framework, upholding Net Neutrality, and leading the transition to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT), all to foster a competitive and innovative ICT sector.

3. Inclusionary Transformation: Our resolve to leave no one behind is paramount.

Through our Digital Inclusion Strategy, we will expand access, reduce digital divides, and strengthen digital skills across all communities, ensuring a digitally intelligent

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Message from the Chairman (continued) society where quality and affordable connectivity is universal and meaningful.

4. Regional Collaboration & Transformation: We will strengthen our regional and international engagement, actively participating in forums, knowledge exchanges, and partnerships. This effort aims to position Trinidad and Tobago as a credible participant in the global ICT economy and harmonise regulatory practices across the Caribbean, reflecting our ambition to influence global ICT policy.

Over the next financial year, 2025/2026, we will focus on key initiatives under four strategic themes, including: •

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•

•

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Pioneering Digital Governance: We will lead by example through developing an IT policy for the responsible use of AI and implementing an automated spectrum management and application processing system, enhancing our efficiency and foresight.

Advancing Regulatory Modernisation: We are committed to developing a comprehensive policy framework for a new Electronic Communications Act, an authorisation framework for satellite services, and an innovative implementation of our OTT framework. Crucially, we will establish a robust licensing process for 5G spectrum, unlocking the next generation of connectivity.

Deepening Digital Inclusion: Our planned Digital Inclusion Survey 2026 will provide vital data to further refine and expand universal service initiatives, ensuring equitable and safe digital access for every citizen, irrespective of location or socioeconomic status.

Strengthening Global Influence: TATT will continue to actively participate and influence international ICT policy, including

engagement in the UWI AI Innovation Centre launch and various regional and international seminars, ensuring Trinidad and Tobago’s vision contributes to global digital development.

As we embark on the next phase of our journey, guided by our new strategic plan, TATT is not just regulating; we are innovating, collaborating, and inspiring. We are excited to continue this partnership with all of you, building a future where Trinidad and Tobago harnesses the full power of AI to create prosperity, enhance our national well-being, and secure our place as a leader in the Caribbean digital economy.

Appreciation I extend my deepest gratitude to the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago for its policy guidance and support over the past year.

My thanks, too, to our Board for their support and strategic guidance, and to the dedicated TATT team for their work towards achieving our strategic goals. Please accept my sincerest gratitude for your continuous support and commitment.

Thank you to all our stakeholders and the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, whose tireless efforts and partnership were indispensable to our success.

Together, we will continue to build a truly connected, empowered, and prosperous Trinidad and Tobago.

Cris Seecheran Chairman of the Board Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Chief Executive Officer’s Report It is with immense enthusiasm and a hopeful vision for the future that I present TATT’s Annual Report for the financial year 2024/2025.

This past year has been more than just a period of operations; it has been a launchpad, propelling Trinidad and Tobago forward into an exciting era as a Digitally Intelligent, AI-Powered Nation.

KURLEIGH PRESCOD Chief Executive Officer

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Chief Executive Director's Report (continued) At TATT, we believe that the true power of technology lies in its ability to transform lives and unlock unprecedented potential. Our strategic focus throughout 2024/2025 has been precisely on building the bedrock for this digital future, ensuring that every citizen, every business, and every innovation has the support needed to thrive in an AI-driven world.

Strong Foundation — 20th Anniversary TBI Awards We started the year with our 20th Anniversary Telecommunications and Broadcasting Industry Awards (TBI Awards), which recognised the sound foundation set by our early innovators in the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors.

At our second TBI Awards, we honoured the visionary pioneers who laid the groundwork for excellence in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries.

We proudly recognised outstanding achievements in nine categories, highlighting the vital role that telecommunications and broadcasting play in connecting communities, enriching local content, and inspiring positive societal change.

We also celebrated the dedication of nine minor-territorial and niche concessionaires, presenting them with the prestigious Pioneering Innovators Award.

These remarkable organisations tirelessly provided essential services to unserved and underserved communities, demonstrating unwavering commitment and resilience. The TBI Awards was a celebration of innovation, commitment, and the power of connectivity as the foundation for the future of telecommunications and broadcasting.

Additionally, we honoured long-serving members of our organisation, recognising those who have dedicated 10, 15, and 20 years to our mission. Their loyalty and service reflect our shared journey in transforming the telecom landscape.

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Building the Foundation for Tomorrow’s Innovation We’ve reinforced the very backbone of our digital landscape. Our diligent work on Cybersecurity for Public Telecommunications Networks ensures a safe, trusted environment, which is critical as AI applications become more integrated into our daily lives.

The developed Spectrum Plan for the Accommodation of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) is opening new frontiers in connectivity, envisioning a future where advanced services reach every corner of our islands and empower AI-driven solutions, from smart agriculture to smart seas and disaster management. We were also able to put more power directly into consumers’ hands, fostering a dynamic and competitive fixed telephony market with the successful launch of Fixed Number Portability (FNP).

Empowering Our People for the AI Age A digitally intelligent nation is built on the intellect of its people. We are actively shaping the human capital needed for the AI era through initiatives such as ICT4Girls, Empowering Men with Digital Skills, and ICTs4Seniors.

These programmes aren’t just about digital literacy; they’re about fostering an AI-ready workforce and an informed citizenry across all demographics.

Our proactive approach was evident at our Annual Broadcasters Forum, which addressed the critical implications of AI, fake news, and disinformation. Looking ahead, our commitment to developing an IT Policy for the responsible use of AI and our collaboration with the UWI AI Innovation Centre underscore our dedication to ethical and impactful AI integration.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

A Market Poised for Growth and Innovation The numbers speak for themselves: our telecommunications and broadcasting industry generated an impressive $5.3 billion (US$781 million) in gross revenue, with the internet market accounting for a commanding 45% of this growth. This is a clear indicator of a robust, expanding digital economy ready for the next wave of investment and innovation.

We’re also delivering on broadband speed – a crucial factor for AI adoption. Our median mobile download broadband speeds soared by approximately 36% to 42.1 Mbps, while fixed broadband speeds improved by 12.2% to 127.6 Mbps, demonstrating real-world enhancements to user experience. These aren’t just statistics; they represent the faster, more reliable, more capable connections that will fuel AI applications across every sector.

Appreciation I extend my deepest gratitude to our line Minister, Senator the Honourable Dominic Smith, Minister of Public Administration and Artificial Intelligence, his Permanent Secretary, Mr Cory Belfon, and his team at the Ministry for their guidance and support over the past year.

Many thanks, too, to our Chairman and our Board for their strategic guidance, and to the dedicated TATT team for their exceptional work towards achieving our strategic goals.

Please accept my sincerest gratitude for your continuous support and commitment.

To all our stakeholders and the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, together, we are not just adapting to the future; we are actively shaping an AI-powered nation that will thrive on innovation and connectivity.

Sincerely,

Strategic Foresight, Strong Foundations As we look ahead to 2025/2026, our new strategic plan is meticulously designed to implement actionable initiatives that deliver real benefits to the citizens of our nation, focusing on four pillars of success: Digital and Operational Transformation, Sector Development and Regulatory Transformation, Inclusionary Transformation, and Regional Collaboration and Transformation.

Kurleigh Prescod Chief Executive Officer

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Board Members FRONT (left to right): Ms. Avanti Supersad, Mr. Russell Romero, Mr. Cris Seecheran, Chairman; Mr. Suresh Boodoo, Dr. Justin Koo TOP (left to right): Mr. Mentor Baptiste, Mr. Jerome Khan, Deputy Chairman; Ms. Danielle Pounder, Mr. Dion Khan

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Governance Structure The Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (the Authority) is an independent regulatory body established by the Telecommunications Act, Chap. 47:31 (the Act) of the Laws of Trinidad and Tobago.

The Authority became operational on 1 July 2004 and is responsible for the development of Trinidad and Tobago's telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. st

a rigorous regulatory framework to serve as a platform for service providers to deliver reliable, affordable technologies that benefit all segments of society.

A Board appointed by the President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago manages the Authority, and all initiatives are implemented under the guidance of the Board, Board Committees and the Leadership Team as listed hereunder for the financial year 2024/2025.

One of the Authority's primary responsibilities is the continual review and development of

Board Members Mr. Gilbert Peterson, SC, Chairman Dr. Kim Mallalieu, Deputy Chairman Mr. Nikolaiski Ali Mrs. Fatima Aziz-Mohammed Mr. Keyun Boatswain Mr. Nigel Cassimire Mr. Rhondall Feeles Mrs. Kalana Prince-Wilson Mr. Devon Seale

- 1st Oct 2024 to 2nd May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 19th May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 22nd May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 5th May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 2nd May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 21st May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 5th May 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 29th Apr 2025 - 1st Oct 2024 to 5th May 2025

Mr. Cris Seecheran, Chairman Mr. Jerome Khan, Deputy Chairman Ms. Avanti Supersad Ms. Danielle Pounder Mr. Dion Khan Dr. Justin Koo Mr. Mentor Baptiste Mr. Suresh Boodoo Mr. Russell Romero

- 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 22nd Sep to 30th Sep 2025 - 30th Sep to 30th Sep 2025

Sub-Committees of the Board Adherence to optimal ethical standards and international best practices in the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors is assured through the following subcommittees of the Board.

Audit Committee This committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities across a number of areas, including risk management and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.

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Members up to 2nd May 2025 Mrs. Fatima Aziz-Mohammed, Chairman Dr. Kim Mallalieu Mr. Devon Seale Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary Board Review Committee This committee assists in a number of areas, including reviewing regulatory documents and considering technical, policy, and other decisions as requested by the Authority's stakeholders.

Members up to 2 May 2025 Dr. Kim Mallalieu, Chairman Mr. Nigel Cassimire Mrs. Kalana Prince-Wilson Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes Mr. Kirk Sookram Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary nd

Consumer Complaints Committee This committee receives, decides on and reports all consumer complaints to the Board. It is headed by an independent individual external to the Authority and comprises members of the Board and staff.

Members up to 2nd May 2025 Mrs. Pamela Benson, Independent Chair Mr. Rhondall Feeles Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes Ms. Sherry Mc Millan Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary Ethics Committee This committee establishes standards of conduct, disclosure requirements, and enforcement mechanisms for Board members and employees.

Governance Committee The primary role of this sub-committee is to ensure the Authority fulfils its legal, ethical and functional responsibilities, including the recruitment and training of staff.

Members up to 2nd May 2025 Mr. Gilbert Peterson, SC Mr. Keyun Boatswain Mr. Rhondall Feeles Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary Procurement and Disposal Advisory Committee This committee, inter alia, falls under the Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Property Act and is responsible for advising the Accounting Officer on procurement matters.

Members Ms. Annie Baldeo, Chairman Mr. Karel Douglas Mr. Kevin Gaulteau Mr. Kirk Sookram Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary Telecoms Resources Oversight Committee This committee assists the Board to ensure the Authority's tendering process for telecom resources, public networks and broadcasting services complies with the Telecommunications Tenders Rules 2015.

Members up to 2nd May 2025 Mr. Nikolaiski Ali, Chairman Mr. Keyun Boatswain Mrs. Kalana Prince-Wilson Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary

Members up to 2nd May 2025 Mr. Gilbert Peterson, SC Ms. Annie Baldeo Mr. Devon Seale Mr. Jerome Lynch Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Leadership Team (Left to right) Dr. Nicole Reis, Corporate Secretary; Mr. Karel Douglas, Executive Officer, Legal and Enforcement; Ms. Annie Baldeo, Executive Officer, Policy, Planning and Economics; Mr. Kurleigh Prescod, Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Kirk Sookram, Deputy Chief Executive Officer; Ms. Sherry McMillan, Executive Officer, Corporate Communications; Mr. Kevin Gaulteau, Executive Officer, Finance and Accounting

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TATT in the Community

A member of TATT staff, Che Melville, speaks with a Roxborough resident about TATT and its services during the TATT Community.

Outreach.

Meet the TATT team (left to right): Ms. Marissa Edwards, Telecommunications Engineer I; Mr. Rajesh Ramoutar, Manager, Legal Affairs; Ms. Shonda Moore, Compliance Officer II; Mrs. Devaki Supersad, Communications Officer II; Mr. Shane Ragoobar, Facilities Engineer II; and Ms. Allsha Long, Senior Human Resource Officer I. Seated (left to right): Dr. Inshan Meahjohn, CEO, iGovTT; Senator the Honourable Dominic Smith, Minister of Public Administration and Artificial Intelligence; Mr. Kurleigh Prescod, CEO, TATT; Mr. Cory Belfon, Permanent Secretary (Ag.), Ministry of Public Administration and Artificial Intelligence; Mr. Kirk Sookram, Deputy CEO, TATT; and Mr. Selby Wilson, Former Chairman of the Board, TATT. Standing (left to right): Mr. Shawn Clarke, General Manager, Amplia Communications; Mr. Pieter Verkade, CEO, Digicel Trinidad and Tobago Ltd.; Mrs. Simone Martin-Sulgan, Vice President and General Manager, Columbus Communications (Trinidad) Limited; Ms. Narissa Mustapha, General Manager, Lisa Communications Limited; Mr. Kent Western, former CEO, TSTT; and Mr. Peter Gillette, Chairman, Open Telecom Limited.

From left: Mrs. Simone Martin-Sulgan, Vice President and General Manager, Columbus Communications (Trinidad) Limited; Mrs. Teresa Wankin, Secretary General, CANTO; Ms. Debra Thomas, Vice President – Operations and Administration, TSTT; Mr. Kurleigh Prescod, Chief Executive Officer, TATT; Mr. Karel Douglas, Executive Officer – Legal and Enforcement, TATT; and Mr. Kirk Sookram, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, TATT; pictured with young male participants at the opening ceremony of the Empowering Men with Digital Skills: Unlock Your Potential – The Ultimate Podcasting Workshop, held on Saturday, September 6th, 2025 at the Tacarigua AccessTT Centre.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONSAUTHORITY AUTHORITYOF OFTRINIDAD TRINIDAD AND AND TOBAGO TOBAGO ANNUAL ANNUAL REPORT REPORT 2025 2025

TATT in the Community

Kurleigh Prescod, Chief Executive Officer of the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT), presents a Certificate of Participation to an attendee during the closing ceremony of the ICTs4Seniors programme at the Lisas Gardens AccessTT Centre.

Participants at the Tacarigua AccessTT Centre during the inaugural ICTs4Seniors programme, engaging in a session focused on digital literacy and technology skills for senior citizens.

Young participants engaged in hands-on learning during the Tech4Girls: AI Skills for Success workshop at the Maracas AccessTT Centre on Saturday, April 12th, 2025.

Participants of the Tech4Girls: AI Skills for Success workshop at the Carenage AccessTT Centre, which is supported by bmobile for internet connectivity. Mr. Kent Western, former CEO of TSTT, is pictured at the centre alongside attendees, promoting digital empowerment and inclusion.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONSAUTHORITY AUTHORITYOF OFTRINIDAD TRINIDADAND ANDTOBAGO TOBAGOANNUAL ANNUALREPORT REPORT2025 2025

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TATT in the Community

Mrs. Devaki Supersad, Communications Officer II, presenting on cybersafety and safe social media practices to the Forms 1–3 cohort at Tabaquite Secondary School.

Two students of Tabaquite Secondary School sharing their personal experiences at the end of the session.

Mr. Douglas Wilson, President of the Trinidad and Tobago Publishers and Broadcasters Association (TTPBA), delivering remarks at the formal launch of the ATSC 3.0 trial/demo station installed at Express House. The event was hosted by the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) and attended by key stakeholders, including the Advertising Association of Trinidad and Tobago.

The 38th ICT Open Forum titled “Digital Terrestrial Television – Embrace the Future of Television” was held at CNC3 on Wednesday 26th March 2025.

Left to Right - Mr. Nicholas Sabga, Managing Director, Standard Distributors Limited; Mr. Gideon Edwards, Chief Engineer, Guardian Media Limited; Mr. Kurleigh Prescod, then Executive Officer, Technology and Engineering, TATT; and Mr. Wendell Etienne (moderator).

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025 2025

TATT in the Community

Kurleigh Prescod, CEO at TATT and Ms. Rhoda Patiram, Deputy Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Public Administration and Artificial Intelligence, with recipients of TATT’s Bursary Programme Initiative.

Conrad Toby, Manager, Spectrum Planning and Broadcasting, at TATT and Edward Harper, Technical Officer II, greet senior officials of the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard at the VHF radio equipment handover ceremony for the Smart Seas Toolkit for Disaster Resilience Project.

Kurleigh Prescod, CEO at TATT, with sector stakeholders at the VHF radio equipment handover ceremony for the Smart Seas Toolkit for Disaster Resilience Project.

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TATT's TBI Awards The Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) on December 14th, 2024 hosted its Telecommunications and Broadcasting Industry (TBI) Awards, celebrating outstanding achievements in innovation, accessibility, sustainability, and social impact across the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. The gala event, which was held at the Hyatt Regency in Trinidad, brought together concessionaires, industry stakeholders, and pioneering trailblazers to honour their contributions to shaping the industry.

The awards, listed below, recognised winners in nine categories, underscoring the critical role of telecommunications and broadcasting in fostering connectivity, enhancing local content, and driving societal change.

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Accessibility Award Innovative Service Offering Awards Innovative Broadcasters Award Social Contribution Award Sustainability Award Technological Disrupters Awards Connect the Unconnected Award Local Content Award Radio for Our People Award

ACCESSIBILITY AWARD Digicel Trinidad and Tobago Limited The Digicel Trinidad and Tobago Foundation’s Innovation Labs project invested US$121,927 to enhance education for students with disabilities, through the provision of assistive devices and SMART tools. Partnering with the country’s education authorities in 2024, it delivered teacher training and launched funding opportunities to equip more schools, bridging the digital divide and promoting inclusive learning.

CONNECT THE UNCONNECTED AWARD Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago TSTT launched a mobile Wi-Fi solution over its LTE network, connecting PTSC buses and enhancing productivity for 728,000 daily commuters. Starting in 2022 with five buses, coverage expanded to 60 by March 2023, providing reliable, real-time connectivity on long routes like San Fernando-toPort of Spain and Sangre Grande-to-Port of Spain.

INNOVATIVE BROADCASTERS AWARD Guardian Media Limited Freedom 106.5 FM combines traditional radio with digital media, covering over 150 events in two years.

Known as “the conference capital,” Freedom 106.5 FM amplifies ESG initiatives, connects businesses

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with communities, and invests in advanced technology for live, flexible, and integrated coverage, making exclusive events accessible while delivering impactful, audience-driven content.

INNOVATIVE SERVICE OFFERING AWARDS Free-to-Air Radio Broadcasters Guardian Media Limited Freedom 106.5 FM in 2023 launched “For the Love of Country”, a solutions-driven initiative aimed at shifting the narrative from despair to empowerment, addressing crime as a societal issue requiring collective action. The initiative featured over 50 experts, community leaders, and activists, combining traditional media with digital streaming, offering accessible, live conversations on crime and its solutions across various sectors.

Free-to-Air TV Broadcasters/TV Broadcasters Over Cable Gayelle Limited “Aquí con Kyna” is Trinidad and Tobago’s only Spanish-language talk show, serving the migrant community with news, achievements, and legal/cultural education. It uses fixed/mobile telecommunications, social media, and live interactions for broad accessibility. The show hosts interactive discussions, like women’s empowerment, and fosters community engagement through Facebook live chat and telephone calls.

Telecommunications Service Providers/ Subscription TV Digicel Trinidad and Tobago Limited Digicel partnered with the Ministry of Education to bridge the digital divide, providing 1,925 devices and free data to 34 special needs schools. They zerorated over 30 educational websites, enabling free access to e-learning. Additionally, Digicel offered free 24/7 curriculum content through Digicel+ Video On Demand, supporting over 93,000 households with SEA, CAPE, and CSEC/CXC students.

LOCAL CONTENT AWARD Trinidad and Tobago Television Limited Since its 2018 rebranding, TTT has showcased Trinidad and Tobago’s cultural heritage with diverse programming, including award-winning documentaries, dramatic series, and musicals.

Collaborations with FilmTT, FilmCo, and independent creators have fostered local storytelling, exemplified by projects like “Mixed Up”. TTT also supports filmmakers through initiatives like The TV Programmer for a Day, local sci-fi broadcasts, and festival participation, boosting the visibility of local talent.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TATT's TBI Awards RADIO FOR ‘OUR’ PEOPLE AWARD Guardian Media Limited Freedom 106.5 amplifies positive stories about local heroes, artists, and community leaders to inspire and unify listeners. The station generates longform content that highlights local culture, resilience, and innovation, with specific programmes such as “Human Impact” and “Betterments” which focus on youth, culture, and innovation.

SOCIAL CONTRIBUTION AWARD Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago TSTT launched the Free Online Mathematics Revision Programme in April 2020 to support students preparing for the CSEC Mathematics exam during the COVID-19 pandemic, partnering with Restore A Sense of I Can to provide free access to essential materials for over 20,000 students. The programme featured a zero-rated data initiative, enabling students from lower socio-economic backgrounds to participate in online learning without data costs.

SUSTAINABILITY AWARD Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago TSTT deployed a solar-powered mobile network on Chacachacare Island, providing seamless 4G LTE coverage for citizens, fishermen, and boaters while protecting the island's sensitive ecosystem. The solar-powered system includes solar panels, battery backup for seven days of uninterrupted power, and eliminates the need for CO2-emitting generators, ensuring an eco-friendly solution.

TECHNOLOGICAL DISRUPTERS AWARDS Free-to-Air Radio Broadcasters Guardian Media Limited Guardian Media Limited transitioned to digital broadcasting, upgraded studio equipment, introduced podcasts, and enabled 24/7 live streaming. Investments in mobile equipment increased outside broadcasts by 20%, expanded rural and urban reach, improved sound quality, and bridged community-business gaps, delivering accurate, accessible information and cost-effective event coverage nationwide.

Free-to-Air TV Broadcasters/TV Broadcasters Over Cable Gayelle Limited “Aquí con Kyna”, the only Spanish talk show in Trinidad and Tobago, highlights migrant achievements,

educates on rights, and provides news updates in Spanish. Since its March 2024 debut, the show has grown in popularity, leveraging digital platforms and interactive content to engage both Spanish and English-speaking audiences, promoting cultural understanding and inclusive storytelling.

Telecommunications Service Providers/ Subscription TV Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago TSTT’s Fintech Digital Hub (FDH) modernises public sector financial processes such as MOWT’s self-service payments, replacing outdated, paperbased systems with digital solutions, enhancing operational efficiency and service accessibility for citizens and businesses. FDH includes e-Cashbook for real-time payment reconciliation and e-Pay for secure, aggregated transactions, supported by the upcoming PAYPR mobile wallet, integral to Trinidad and Tobago’s Fintech strategy.

RECOGNITION OF PARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITY IMPACT TATT recognised the efforts of nine minor-territorial and niche concessionaires. These concessionaires were given the Pioneering Innovators Award, in recognition of their valiant efforts in providing critical services to their communities during an era when these communities were under-served or unserved.

The Pioneering Innovators Awards were presented to: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Mr. Keenan Singh - Air Link Communications Limited Mr. George Leacock, Mrs. Carol James and Mr. Garth James - Kaisoca Productions Limited Ms. Vera Edwards - Toco Multicultural Foundation for Integrated Development Mr. Claude Benoit - Trico Industries Limited Mr. Safraaz Mohammed and Mr. Janak Moonilal - Diversified Technologies Mr. Rushton Paray - Network Technologies, also known as Mayaro Cable Mr. Colin Gumbs - Santa Flora Cable Network Limited Mr. Rajiv Dabideen - RVR International Limited

TATT also gave awards to 16 concessionaires for participating in this competition, celebrating their collective role in advancing telecommunications and broadcasting in Trinidad and Tobago.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

21

TBI Awards

All participating concessionaires proudly display their Participation Award with The Honourable Hassel Bacchus, former Minister of Digital Transformation; Dr. Kim Mallalieu, former Deputy Chairman, Board of TATT; and Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes, former Chief Executive Officer, TATT. Triumphant smiles! The winners proudly showcase their bespoke awards.

22

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TBI Awards

Pioneering Trailblazers celebrate their achievement alongside The Honourable Hassel Bacchus, former Minister of Digital Transformation; Dr. Kim Mallalieu, former Deputy Chairman, Board of TATT; and Mrs. Cynthia Reddock-Downes, former Chief Executive Officer, TATT.

LONG SERVICE AWARDS AND RETIREMENT AWARDEES: Also receiving awards on that night were TATT’s retirees and 10, 15 and 20-year awardees: 10-year awardee: Ornella Moreau 15-year awardees: Karina Persaud, Tambi Serrano-Rock, Aisha Weston-Jones, Jerome Lynch 20-year awardees/retiree: Avion Edwards, Cynthia Reddock-Downes, Gweneth Arnold (Retiree), Jenelle Sahadeo, Kirk Sookram, Lindy-Ann Neckles, Patrice Sealey, Rudra Bidaisee, Ryan James, Ryan Mohammed, Selwyn Campbell.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

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1. Review of Key Accomplishments and Ongoing Activities

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

In November 2022, a new strategic plan for the period 2022–2025 was approved by the Authority’s Board. The plan identified four strategic themes, as follows: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Universal Quality Connectivity Sustainability of the Industry Organisational Effectiveness Regional Harmonisation

An operational plan for the three-year period was developed and key deliverables for each year were laid down. Annually, the key deliverables (for the year under review) are monitored and managed through a quarterly corporate performance management system to ensure that the goals of the plan are being realised.

Some of the key deliverables for the financial year 2024–2025, under each strategic theme and specific objective(s), are reported on below.

1.1 1.1.1

Strategic Theme 1: Universal Quality Connectivity Strategic Objective: Increase quality through competition, monitoring, standards, awareness and enforcement

1.1.1.1

Consultation on the Guidelines for the Cybersecurity of Public Telecommunications Networks and Broadcasting Facilities Public telecommunications networks and broadcasting facilities form critical infrastructure for businesses, governments and individuals. These networks provide a wide range of services, including voice, data and video communications, as well as access to the Internet. As such, they are a prime target for cyberattacks. The Authority recognises the importance of cybersecurity guidelines to ensure the protection of consumers.

The Guidelines for the Cybersecurity of Public Telecommunications Networks and Broadcasting Facilities was developed in collaboration with key stakeholders during the 2023/24 financial year.

The guidelines in this document prescribe recommended and required practices to be adopted by concessionaires of public telecommunications networks and broadcasting services. During the financial year 2024/25, the document was issued for two rounds of public consultations.

1.1.1.2 Consultation on Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Spectrum Plan Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are wireless communications systems that operate above the Earth’s surface. These systems involve high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as balloons and drones, and satellites in geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO), or a combination of these elements. NTNs are owned and operated by international satellite operators and provide telecommunications services to stations located in the territory of Trinidad and Tobago.

The Authority has developed a Spectrum Plan for the Accommodation of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN Spectrum Plan)1 for the authorisation of NTNs in an orderly and efficient manner. For the 2024/25 financial year, the NTN Spectrum Plan was issued for two rounds of public consultations.

1 NTN Spectrum Plan: https://tatt.org.tt/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Spectrum-Plan-for-the-accommodation-ofNTNs-20.09.24.pdf

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1.1.1.3 Implementation of Fixed Number Portability (FNP) In this financial year, all concessionaires completed testing of FNP between their networks.

The official public launch of FNP with the Minister and the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Public Administration and Artificial Intelligence (MPAAI), operators and other stakeholders was held in June 2025.

1.1.2 Strategic Objective: Increase skills and awareness 1.1.2.1 ICT Training Initiatives (External) One of the mandates of the Authority is to bridge the digital divide by creating digital access and building our citizens’ digital capacity as we strive towards the development of a truly digital Trinidad and Tobago. The Authority continued its facilitation of information and communications technology (ICT)-related training programmes, incorporating entrepreneurship in ICTs. For the 2024/25 financial year, these initiatives included the following: a.

ICT4Girls and Empowering Men with Digital Skills The Authority continued to work with the youth to develop the digital skill set of this specific target group through its ICT4Girls and Empowering Men with Digital Skills (EMDS) series.

The theme for this year’s International Girls in ICT Day was Bridging ALL Divides for an Inclusive Digital Transformation.

The Empowering Men with Digital Skills: Unlock Your Potential — Level Up Your Voice workshop was held under the theme: The Ultimate Podcasting Workshop.

b.

ICTs4Seniors The overarching objective of the ICTs4Seniors programme is to bridge the digital divide, promote inclusivity, and empower seniors to thrive in a technology-driven world.

The workshop was intended to equip senior citizens with essential digital skills to build their confidence in using technology. It also provided the seniors with the information to recognise online threats, enabling them to protect their personal information and reduce their vulnerability to cybercrime.

c.

Bursary Programme Through its Bursaries for Tertiary Students initiative, the Authority provides financial support, in the sum of TT$10,000.00 each to four undergraduate students — two women and two men — pursuing ICT-related studies at three tertiary educational institutions in Trinidad and Tobago.

Since 2022, the Authority has provided bursaries to students pursuing ICT-related studies at the College of Science, Technology and Applied Arts of Trinidad and Tobago (COSTAATT), the University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT) and the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus (UWI).

The provision of these bursaries reflects the Authority’s commitment to assisting with removing financial barriers, so that talent, not circumstance, determines the opportunities available to these young people who will form this country’s future cadre of ICT professionals.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

1.1.2.2 ICT Open Forum and Broadcasting Forum The primary objective of the Authority’s ICT open fora is to provide a platform to educate and engage stakeholders in discussions on contemporary issues in the areas of telecommunications and broadcasting, and to raise the profile of the Authority as a major stakeholder in the telecommunications and broadcasting industry. The output of these discussions often informs and influences the Authority’s policies and guidelines for the industry. For the period 2024/25, the following took place: a.

The Annual Broadcasters Forum was held virtually by the Authority under the theme "Implications of AI, Fake News and Disinformation in an Election Season". The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) systems on elections and the use of social media to spread content are considered significant to local media, especially with respect to protecting its credibility and preventing potentially litigious situations.

b.

An ICT Open Forum was aired on CNC3 on 26th March 2025, focusing on digital terrestrial television (DTT). The forum provided information to the general public on what DTT is; the timelines for implementation; who will be affected; and how consumers can prepare for the next generation of television. The event was a 60-minute live, televised and streamed panel discussion.

The panellists were Mr. Wendell Etienne (moderator), Mr. Gideon Edwards, Chief Engineer, Guardian Media Limited; Mr. Kurleigh Prescod, then Executive Officer, Technology and Engineering, TATT and Mr. Nicholas Sabga, Managing Director, Standard Distributors Limited.

c.

Broadcast Journalism Training: The Authority also hosted its Broadcast Journalism Training webinar in collaboration with the Trinidad & Tobago Publishers & Broadcasters Association (TTPBA).

1.1.3 Strategic Objective: Strengthen public awareness and branding 1.1.3.1 20th Anniversary Celebration — Telecommunications and Broadcasting Industry (TBI) Awards The Authority celebrated its 20th Anniversary on 1st July 2024. Two key events took place to commemorate this significant milestone. An Interfaith Service was held on 11th September 2024, and the Authority hosted its signature event — the 20th anniversary Telecommunications and Broadcasting Industry (TBI) Awards held on 14th December 2024.

1.1.3.2 Consumer Rights and Obligations — Community and School Outreach In this year’s community outreach caravan, staff visited rural communities to hold meetings at facilities such as community centres, libraries, regional complexes, and ICT access centres. This year, the caravan travelled to Biche, Cedros and La Lune in Trinidad, and in Tobago, to the villages of Charlotteville, Parlatuvier, Roxborough and Speyside.

The primary objective of this initiative was to increase public awareness of the Authority’s role and responsibilities, boost digital literacy and empower citizens in the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. The Authority hosted interactive displays to showcase its work in areas such as equipment certification, consumer complaints and cybersecurity. The Authority partnered with iGovTT to showcase the government e-services that are available.

The School Outreach programme interacted with over 13 institutions over the past year and will continue in this area, based on requests from schools.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

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1.2 1.2.1

Strategic Theme 2: Sustainability of the Industry Strategic Objective: Improve stakeholder collaboration, with emphasis on the industry stakeholders 1.2.1.1 Amateur Radio Special Event Station and Call Sign This deliverable involved the planning and execution of a special event and a week of activities to commemorate the Authority’s 20th anniversary. These activities were done in association with the Trinidad and Tobago Amateur Radio Society (TTARS). The Authority commissioned an amateur radio station with a special event call sign and designed a commemorative QSL card which was issued along with certificates to all amateur radio operators who contacted the station from many countries around the world.

1.2.2 Strategic Objective: Enable a modernised legislative and regulatory regime 1.2.2.1 Revision of Concession This deliverable is part of the Authority’s ongoing exercise to modernise its regulatory framework. It entailed the finalisation of revisions to the generic concession document for approval and thereafter submission to the MPAAI, with a view to rolling it out in the financial year 2025/26.

1.2.3 Strategic Objective: Strengthen compliance and enforcement mechanisms 1.2.3.1 Amendments to the Telecommunications (Universal Service) Regulations The Telecommunications (Universal Service) Regulations (the Regulations) were established under the Act to ensure that all citizens, especially those in underserved areas, have access to basic telecommunications services. From time to time, these Regulations need to be updated to ensure alignment with the universal service initiatives being undertaken by the government and the Authority, to ensure that the relevant socio-economic and vulnerable groups obtain access.

Changes to the Regulations are also required in order to remove various ambiguities and correct drafting errors that appear in the document. The amendments will ensure that the Regulations remain relevant to the prevailing policy considerations.

The Authority approved the amendments and is engaged with the Ministry on its direction with respect to ensuring greater inclusion of vulnerable groups.

1.2.4 Strategic Objective: Promote investment in the industry 1.2.4.1 Publication of the 19th Annual Market Report (2024) The Authority’s Annual Market Report: Telecommunications and Broadcasting Sectors presents annual information on the domestic markets within the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. This includes data on the subscriptions, gross revenues and traffic of the relevant markets2.

The data collected is also used by the Authority to determine the market share of the relevant service operators and to monitor and inform policy decisions that will facilitate the orderly development of markets within these sectors.

The data is sourced primarily from the results of a survey of concessionaires. Data is also collected quarterly during the relevant year. The Annual Market Report 2024 was based on the period 1st January to 31st December 2024.

2

28

TATT Annual Market Report: https://tatt.org.tt/market-information/annual-market-reports/

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

1.3 1.3.1

Strategic Theme 3: Organisational Effectiveness Strategic Objective: Promote organisational innovation (digitalise systems and processes) 1.3.1.1 Development of a Policy for Monitoring Content on Radio and TV The Authority is mandated by the Act to regulate the broadcasting sector. Accordingly, the Authority monitors and ensures broadcasters’ compliance with the Act, regulations and conditions of their concession agreement. To ensure compliance by the concessionaires, the Authority has implemented a monitoring programme which is designed to monitor selected programmes on radio and television. To ensure that the monitoring programme is based on best practice and clear and sound objectives, a policy to guide the monitoring programme was created. This policy will guide the Authority on the factors that determine which programmes are to be monitored.

1.3.2 Strategic Objective: Business operations compliance and optimisation 1.3.2.1 Developing the Strategic Plan for the Authority (October 2025-September 2028) Strategic planning provides the direction for achieving the long-term and short-term goals of an organisation. It is used to evaluate performance as well as analyse the organisation’s current capabilities in its operating environment, leverage strengths, identify long-term threats and opportunities, and assign the organisation’s resources to address these factors.

A consultancy firm was engaged during the 2024/25 financial year to conduct a review of the Authority’s functions as they relate to its statutory role and regulatory oversight, and to develop the new strategic plan. The process also involved consultations with relevant external stakeholders, as well as staff members and the Board of Directors.

A first draft of the new plan was completed by the end of the financial year, with finalising and rollout to occur in the first quarter of the 2025/26 financial year.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

29

1.4 Strategic Theme 4: Regional Harmonisation 1.4.1 Strategic Objective: Increase research focus on regionally relevant ICT issues 1.4.1.1 Hosting of the 2nd Caribbean Spectrum Management Conference (12-16 May 2025) The Authority, together with the Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) and Forum Global, hosted the 2nd Caribbean Spectrum Management Conference, which also incorporated a CTU Regulators Forum and Spectrum Management Task Force. The conference participants included regional regulators, and regional subject matter experts on spectrum management and the ICT sector.

1.4.1.2 Contributions to Regional and International Conferences During 2024/25, the Authority tangibly contributed on various regulatory matters at regional and international conferences such as: -

Caribbean Telecommunications Union meetings: preparation of Caribbean proposals for the International Telecommunication Union’s (ITU) World Telecommunications Development Conference in November 2025 (WTDC-25); preparation of roadmap for a harmonised approach towards Artificial Intelligence Adoption for CARICOM Member States; preparation for ITU’s World Radio Conference in 2027 (WRC-27); progressing Caribbean harmonised spectrum management policies to support 5G, emergency services and DTT migration.

-

Inter-American Telecommunications Commission (CITEL) conferences: DTT migration plans; updating international ship and coast station registry to assist small scale fishermen; preparation for WRC-27; preparation of regional proposals for WTDC-25.

-

ITU: contributing to standards-setting for the use of telephone numbers and related matters like number portability; contributing on economic aspects of over-the-top (OTT), cost modelling, refinement of international telecommunications indicators used to assess digital gaps.

-

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): participated in governmentperspective policy discussions.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

2. Looking Ahead 2025-2026

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31

Over the next financial year, the Authority will focus on the four themes in its new strategic plan, namely, Digital and Operational Transformation; Sector Development and Regulatory Transformation; Inclusionary Transformation; and Regional Collaboration and Transformation.

Through the implementation of the deliverables under each of these themes, some of which are listed below, the Authority is confident its goals will be realised.

2.1

Digital and Operational Transformation

2.1.1

Enhance Digital Infrastructure, Systems and Process Efficiency 1. Development of an IT policy for the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) 2. Provision of an automated spectrum management and application processing system 3. Implementation of a website shopping cart

2.1.2

Strengthen Financial Sustainability and Cost Optimisation Efforts 1. Development of the annual procurement plan for the financial year 2025/26 2. Development of the annual budget, annual report and financial statements for the financial year 2025/26

2.1.3

Build a Future-Ready, Agile TATT 1. Development of an environmental sustainability strategy 2. Development of a succession plan

2.2

Sector Development and Regulatory Transformation

2.2.1

Modernise Legislation and Regulatory Frameworks Through Participatory Development and an Evidence-Based Approach 1. Development of a policy framework for the new Electronic Communications Act 2. Development of an authorisation framework for the accommodation of satellite services 3. Development of an OTT classification framework 4. Establishment of national memoranda of understanding

2.2.2

Promote Sector and Industry Growth and Investment 1. Establishment of a licensing process for 5G spectrum 2. Dominance assessments 3. Preparation of the Annual Market Report 2025

2.2.3

Enhance Sector Oversight and Monitoring 1. Monitoring of coverage by service providers 2. Advancement of the adoption of geographic information systems (GIS) 3. Compliance with the United States Trade Representative (USTR) 301 Report 4. Second renewal of concessions

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

2.3

Inclusionary Transformation

2.3.1

Promote Digital Inclusion, Expanded Connectivity and Create a Digitally Intelligent Society 1. Preparation of the digital inclusion survey 2026 2. Implementation of universal service initiatives in underserved areas throughout Trinidad and Tobago

2.3.2

Strengthen Public Awareness and Brand Equity 1. Hosting of ICT fora 2. Hosting of community and school outreach programmes

2.4

Regional Collaboration and Transformation

2.4.1

Influence Global ICT Policy 1. Participation in the University of the West Indies (UW) AI Innovation Centre launch 2. Representation at various regional and international seminars and conferences

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

33

3. Overview of the Telecommunications and Broadcasting Sectors

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

3.1

Trends in Market Revenues for January to December 2024 In 2024, the telecommunications and broadcasting industry generated $5.3 billion,3 or US$781 million4, in gross revenues, which, as a proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP)5, equals 2.8%. This represents a 0.8% increase in total industry revenues compared to 2023.

The Internet market accounted for the largest proportion of revenues, earning $2,450.5 million (45.0%) of total industry revenues. The mobile voice market was the second highest earner, with $864.9 million (16.7%) of total revenues. This was followed by other revenues6 and subscription TV, which generated $756.4 million (14.6%) and $601.1 million (11.6%), respectively. The fixed voice market7 was next, with $292.3 million (5.6%), followed by the leased lines8 market, which accounted for $134.2 million (2.6%). The FTA radio and FTA TV markets made industry contributions of $120.3 million (2.3%) and $42.1 million (0.8%), respectively. Revenues from international voice services and TV broadcasting services via cable amounted to $29.3 million and $6.0 million – a 0.6% and 0.1% share of total industry revenues, respectively.

0.1% 0.6% 0.8% 2.3% 2.6%

45%

5.6% 11.6%

14.6%

16.7%

Mobile Voice

45%

Internet (Fixed and Mobile)

16.7%

Other Revenues

14.6%

Subscription TV

11.6%

Fixed Voice

5.6%

Leased Line

2.6%

Free-to-Air Radio

2.3%

Free-to-Air TV

0.8%

International Voice

0.6%

TV Broadcasting Service via Cable 0.1%

Figure 1 gives a breakdown of revenue contributions by each market towards total industry revenues.

This figure includes revenues from telecommunications and broadcasting services offered to members of the public and private leased line services.

4 Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago Exchange Rate: US$1 = TT$6.7786 5 Forecasted GDP at current prices for calendar year 2024: $186,269.4 million (Source: Ministry of Finance, Review of the Economy 2024) 6 Other revenues consist of additional income from both the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors, such as those received from wholesale services, and production and airtime for local programming on subscription TV. 7 Fixed voice market revenues include those earned from fixed voice services, excluding international services.

8 Leased lines include both international and domestic circuits.

3

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

35

3.2

Domestic Telecommunications and Broadcasting Statistics The statistics for the telecommunications and broadcasting markets over the period 2016 to 2024, sourced from the 19th Annual Market Report: Telecommunications and Broadcasting Sectors 2024, are shown in Table 1.

These data – on subscriptions, average revenue per user (ARPU) and traffic from the relevant markets – are used by the Authority to monitor and inform policy decisions, as well as to ensure that the Authority’s statutory obligations are achieved.

Table 1. Domestic telecommunications and broadcasting statistics for the period 2016 to 2024

Mobile

Fixed Voice

General

2016

9

36

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Population (millions)

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Telecommunications and broadcasting revenues (US$ million)

836.0

771.89

832.1

740.7

697.1

743.0

772.0

793.0

768.0

Total telephone subscriptions ('000s)

2,471.6

2,349.3

2,290.3

2,496.0

2,311.9

2,338.3

2,325.5

2,328.1

2,088.1

Total telephone penetration

186.6

177.3

172.9

183.0

169.2

171.0

170.3

170.2

152.7

Fixed voice subscriptions ('000s)

305.7

318.7

317.7

332.3

323.9

341.4

326.5

310.7

297.7

Fixed voice penetration

22.6

23.5

23.4

24.4

23.7

25.0

23.9

22.7

21.8

Fixed voice household penetration

62.1

66.3

66.7

71.0

69.7

72.3

70.6

67.9

65.9

Average revenue per user (ARPU) US$

402.4

359.0

272.4

235.6

214.1

149.1

148.3

148.7

142.5

Fixed voice subscription growth (%)

13.3

4.2

-0.3

4.6

-2.5

5.4

-4.4

-4.8

-4.2

Mobile subscriptions ('000s)

2,165.8

2,031.6

1,972.6

2,163.7

1,988.0

1,996.8

1,999.0

2,017.4

1,791.0

Mobile penetration

160.0

150.0

145.1

158.6

145.5

146.0

146.4

148.2

139.9

Average revenue per user (ARPU) US$

136.8

113.0

89.0

70.7

65.1

70.7

69.9

76.5

71.2

Mobile subscription growth (%)

2.0

-6.2

-2.9

9.7

7.9

0.5

0.001

0.9

-11.2

Telecommunications revenues for 2017 were revised from the US$758.1 previously reported to US$771.8.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Internet

Table 1. Domestic telecommunications and broadcasting statistics for the period 2016 to 2024 2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Total Internet subscriptions10 ('000s)

1,001.7

1,031.6

1,017.9

992.7

1,147.0

1.190.7

1,248.7

1,213.2

1,392.9

Fixed Internet subscriptions 11 ('000s)

294.4

327.0

341.3

339.4

376.8

370.9

373.4

404.4

407.7

Mobile Internet subscriptions ('000s)

707.3

704.6

678.6

653.3

770.2

819.8

859.1

808.8

965.2

Fixed broadband subscriptions 12 ('000s)

294.3

326.8

341.1

339.3

376.8

370.9

373.4

404.4

407.6

Fixed Internet penetration

21.7

24.2

25.1

24.9

27.6

27.1

28.5

29.6

29.8

Mobile Internet penetration

52.2

52.0

49.9

47.9

56.3

59.9

62.9

55.2

70.5

Fixed Internet household penetration

69.3

76.9

80.8

79.9

88.6

88.0

89.4

95.6

96.4

Average revenue per user (ARPU) US$ for fixed Internet

470.5

417.9

492.7

510.8

475.0

487.5

495.4

460.1

479.9

5.2

11.1

4.4

-0.5

11.0

-2.0

0.7

3.8

0.8

International outgoing (min. million)

170.9

125.2

125.9

79.7

58.5

50.0

40.5

31.9

27.2

International incoming (min. million)

202.7

192.9

127.1

91.9

95.5

74.6

44.0

34.6

27.6

Inbound/ outbound int’l traffic ratio

1.2

1.5

0.99

1.2

1.6

1.6

1.1

0.9

1.0

Subscription TV subscriptions ('000s)

248.4

246.7

234.7

249.8

242.4

237.8

226.8

216.7

209.9

Subscription TV penetration

18.3

18.2

17.3

18.3

17.7

17.4

16.6

15.8

15.5

Subscription TV household penetration

61.9

61.5

58.5

62.2

60.4

59.2

56.5

54.0

52.3

Average revenue per user (ARPU) US$

486.8

425.2

427.5

435.4

418.9

397.3

401.3

412.6

416.1

6.7

-0.6

-4.9

6.4

-3.0

-1.9

-4.6

-4.1

-3.0

Subscription TV

International voice Traffic

Fixed Internet subscription growth (%)

Subscription TV subscription growth (%)

Total Internet subscriptions are the sum of fixed Internet subscriptions and mobile postpaid Internet subscriptions.

Fixed Internet subscriptions are the total number of subscriptions with fixed wired or fixed wireless Internet access.

12 Fixed broadband subscriptions are the number of Internet subscribers with access to download speeds of 256 kbit/s or higher.

10 11

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

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3.3

Trends in Subscription Penetration as at December 2024 The subscription penetration rate is defined as the number of subscriptions per 100 of the population. Figure 2 shows the penetration rates for all subscription-based markets from 2020 to 2024.

Penetration Rate

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Mobile Voice Penetration

145.5

146.0

146.4

148.2

130.9

Mobile Internet Penetration

56.3

59.9

62.9

59.1

70.5

Fixed Voice Penetration

23.7

25.0

23.9

22.7

21.8

Fixed Internet Penetration

27.6

27.1

27.3

29.6

29.8

Subscription Penetration

17.7

17.4

16.6

15.8

15.5

Figure 2: Penetration rate of subscription-based markets from 2020 to 2024

In 2024, the fixed and mobile Internet penetration levels increased. Mobile Internet penetration rose from 59.1% in 2023 to 70.5% in 2024.

The penetration rate for the fixed Internet market also increased, from 29.6 in 2023 to 29.8 in 2024. On the other hand, the levels for fixed voice, mobile voice and subscription TV fell.

The mobile voice rate was 130.9 – a decrease of 17.3 points; the fixed voice rate declined to 21.8%; and subscription TV dropped to 15.5%.

3.4

38

Broadcasting and Telecommunications Concessions as at September 2025 Tables 2 and 3 list the number of broadcasting and telecommunications concessions, respectively, that were authorised and operating within these markets as at 30th September 2025.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Table 2: Broadcasting market concessions for the period September 2022 to September 2025 Types of Broadcasting Concessions

September 2022

September 2023

September 2024

September 2025

FTA television

5

4

4

4

National

4

4

4

4

Major territorial

1

-

-

-

Subscription television

12

12

11

11

National

8

8

7

7

Major territorial

1

1

1

1

Niche

2

2

2

2

Minor territorial

1

1

1

1

TV broadcasting via cable

14

14

14

14

National

14

14

14

14

Major territorial

-

-

-

-

FTA radio

36

37

37

37

National

28

29

29

29

Major territorial

5

5

5

5

Minor territorial/niche

3

3

3

3

Total

67

67

66

66

Table 3: Telecommunications market concessions as at 30th September 2025 Types of Telecommunications Concessions

Fixed telecommunications:

Authorised Providers

Operational Providers

September 2024

September 2024

18

Fixed telephony

-

7

Fixed Internet

-

5

International telecommunications

10

10

Mobile telecommunications

2

2

A single concession is granted for the provision of fixed telephony and/or fixed Internet services and networks. During the period under review, of the 18 operators authorised to provide fixed domestic telecommunications services, only seven opted to provide fixed telephony services, and 15 opted to provide fixed Internet services. All 10 of the authorised providers of public international telecommunications services opted to provide such services.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

39

4. Stakeholder Engagement Statistics

40

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

The statistics in the following sections give details of the work of the Authority in each of the categories for the financial year under review:

1.

Consumer Complaints Handling

8.

Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) Measurements of Cellular and Wi-Fi Sites

2.

Consumer Complaints Committee

9.

Number Portability

3.

Broadcasting Content Complaints

10.

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

4.

Interference Complaints

11.

Satellite Coordination

5.

Licence Applications

12.

National Broadband Performance 2025

6.

Concession Applications

13.

Equipment Certification

7.

Tower Administration

14.

Universal Service Fund (USF) Initiatives

4.1

Consumer Complaints Handling During the reporting period, a total of 375 valid consumer complaints were received – a decrease of approximately 29.3% from the previous year. Of this total, 347 complaints (92.5%) were resolved. There are 28 complaints still being investigated, most of which were submitted during the last quarter of the financial year, and these are expected to be resolved early in the next financial year. The largest proportion of complaints received – approximately 27.5% – were related to billing issues. Figure 3 depicts the complaints by type and status.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

41

Figure 3: Consumer complaints handled from 1st October 2024 to 30th September 2025

Of the total complaints received, mobile accounted for the majority, with 111 complaints (29.6%). This was followed by Internet and fixed line, with 76 complaints (20.3%) and 67 complaints (17.9%), respectively. Subscription TV was next with 28 complaints (7.5%).

There are four types of subscription packages available to consumers. The packages offering subscription TV, Internet and fixed line accounted for 26 complaints (6.9%). For the Internet and fixed-line packages, there were 20 complaints (5.3%), whilst the subscription TV and Internet packages amounted to 17 complaints (4.5%). Subscription TV and fixed-line packages accounted for one complaint (0.3%). Satellite TV and data services accounted for four complaints (1.0%) and one complaint (0.3%), respectively.

“Other” complaints accounted for 24 complaints (6.4%).

42

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

4.2

Consumer Complaints Committee The Consumer Complaints Committee (CCC) was established in May 2008, in accordance with section 18 (q) of the Act and is responsible for addressing complaints that have not been resolved at the operational level.

The CCC met on three occasions during the financial year under review. Discussions centred on the following consumer-related matters: 1 2

Broadcasting Content Complaints The Authority receives complaints regarding both FTA radio and FTA television broadcasting content. As shown in Table 4 and Figure 4, during the financial year under review, 11 complaints were submitted, of which eight were resolved. One complaint was unresolved due to a significant lapse of time between the date of the broadcast and the complaint date; the other complaint was not related to Condition D9 of the broadcaster’s concession. The pending complaint is currently being investigated by the Authority and is expected to be resolved in the new financial year.

Table 4: Broadcasting complaints as at 30th September 2025 Type of Complaint

Received

Resolved

Pending

Unresolved

Withdrawn

Radio

9

7

1

1

-

Television

2

1

-

1

-

Total

11

8

1

2

-

No. of Complaints Received

4.3

Review of the Consumer Complaints Charter.

Report on the consumer complaints database information.

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RECEIVED

RESOLVED

UNRESOLVED

PENDING

WITHDRAWN

Status of Complaints RADIO

TELEVISION

Figure 4: Broadcasting content complaints from 1st October 2024 to 30th September 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

43

During the financial year, the Authority continued its monitoring of radio and television talk shows for instances of inappropriate and/or defamatory language, obscene language, music with obscene and/or offensive lyrics and the display of inappropriate graphic images and video content. Fifteen radio programmes and five television talk shows were monitored.

During the period under review, there were 83 matters referred through the Authority’s monitoring process, of which 24 matters were further escalated to the Authority’s Broadcasting Committee. The outcome of these investigations revealed that 13 matters were considered actionable. Two matters are still under review by the Authority.

Eleven warning letters were subsequently issued to broadcasters during the period. Six of these originated from reports received through the Authority’s talk show monitoring and five from the Authority’s broadcast complaints process. One letter issued related to a breach of the concession agreement.

4.4

Interference Complaints Under section 18(l) of the Act, the Authority is mandated to investigate and resolve all allegations of harmful interference and to issue “cease or modify” orders to those causing the interference.

In all instances, the Authority evaluates such complaints, in accordance with its complaints process. First, the existence of the harmful interference is verified. Once the interference has been confirmed, the Authority proceeds to investigate the external source, looking at the nature of the service, the severity of the interference, the impact on the authorised user(s), and any action taken by the licensee to resolve the problem. On the basis of the Authority’s findings, the necessary action is then taken to resolve the complaint.

For the financial year 2024–2025, the Authority received 10 complaints regarding harmful interference, 8 of which were telecommunications related and 2 that were radio related.

During the period under review, 5 complaints were resolved. The remaining 5 complaints were pending the outcome of investigations and are expected to be resolved in the new financial year.

44

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

4.5

Licence Applications During the financial year, 273 licence applications were granted and three were either declined or withdrawn. At the end of the financial period, 61 applications were pending approval.

Figure 5 illustrates the number and types of licence applications that were either granted or pending approval during the period.

Land Mobile (Conventional) Spectrum Maritime Station Amateur Operator/Station Point-to-Point Station Aeronautical Station SCADA Spectrum Cellular Mobile Aeronautical Fixed-Land Station Studio-to-Transmitter Link (STL) Land Mobile (Trunked) Spectrum Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Point-to-Multipoint Spectrum Outside Broadcast Broadcast Station Amateur Club Station Maritime Coast Station Spread Spectrum 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Figure 5: Status of licence applications as at 30th September 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

45

110

Table 5 shows the number and types of licence applications granted by the Authority during the period 2016 to 2025.

Table 5: Number and types of licence applications for the period 2016 to 2025 License Type

Year 2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Aeronautical Fixed-Land Station

0

0

50

0

19

37

7

25

32

4

Aeronautical Station

10

56

0

6

0

0

13

22

15

15

Aircraft Station

0

0

25

4

30

22

0

0

0

0

Amateur Operator/Station

121

100

142

160

88

100

143

139

134

61

Cellular Mobile

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

0

6

Land Mobile (Conventional) Spectrum

48

81

67

39

100

69

40

101

65

77

Maritime Station

53

166

47

53

94

50

118

93

78

69

Point-to-Point Station

19

34

69

25

37

24

31

32

45

23

Other Licence Types

90

46

40

16

41

14

24

32

46

18

Total

341

483

440

303

409

316

381

444

415

273

4.6

Concession Applications The granting of concessions to existing and potential service providers is done in accordance with the Authority’s Authorisation Framework for the Telecommunications and Broadcasting Sectors of Trinidad and Tobago.

Table 6 shows the status of concession applications as at the end of the financial year, i.e., applications brought forward from the previous financial year; those received in the current year; applications that were approved; and those which were pending.

46

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Table 6: Concession applications as at 30th September 2025 Application Type

Applications Brought Forward New

Applications Received 2024–2025

Renewal

New

Applications Approved

Applications

Applications Rejected

2

-

4

-

Renewal

International telecommunications

-

1

FTA radio

-

-

-

23

-

23

-

FTA television

-

-

-

2

-

2

-

Mobile telecommunications

-

-

-

2

-

2

-

Subscription television broadcasting

-

2

-

1

-

3

-

Television broadcasting service

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

Fixed telecommunications

-

1

2

2

-

5

-

SUB-TOTAL

-

4

3

33

-

40

-

1

via cable

TOTAL

4

36

40

Four concession applications were brought forward from the previous financial year. Thirtythree renewal applications and three new applications were received during the period under review. As at the end of the financial year, 40 applications were pending approval.

4.7

Tower Administration Tower administration is the process by which the Authority approves the location of new towers or recommends co-location between service providers on existing towers, usually to provide mobile telecommunications services. Service providers are required to apply to the Authority for tower non-objection, and their applications are assessed to ensure they meet the criteria for co-location of sites, i.e., the distance between towers and the feasibility of co-location.

There were no non-objection applications received over the period 2024–2025.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

47

4.8

RFR Measurements of Cellular and Wi-Fi Sites A total of 202 RFR measurements were conducted at the following cellular sites, all of which were found to be within acceptable limits: 1. Digicel (Trinidad & Tobago) Limited (Digicel) – 98 sites 2. Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (TSTT) – 104 sites

4.9

Number Portability Since the commencement of mobile number portability in Trinidad and Tobago in October 2016, 268,174 mobile numbers have been ported.

During the period under review, a total of 66,365 mobile numbers were ported between the two mobile operators, namely, Digicel and TSTT. Fixed number portability commenced in May 2025 and, for the period May 2025 to September 2025, 46 fixed numbers were ported.

4.10

FOIA The FOIA gives members of the public a general right (with exceptions) to access the official documents of public authorities. During the financial year, the Authority received four FOIA requests, all of which were fulfilled.

4.11

Satellite Coordination On behalf of MPAAI, the Authority receives and processes requests for satellite coordination from ITU, to ensure that newly proposed satellite systems, or changes to existing satellite systems, do not cause harmful interference to existing systems in Trinidad and Tobago, including its orbital allotment.

During the financial year, the Authority received and processed three requests for satellite coordination, two of which were provided with non-objection.

4.12

National Broadband Performance 2025 Mobile Based on the Ookla© Speedtest Intelligence© platform13, the median download speed measured from October 2024 to September 2025 was 42.1 Mbps for mobile broadband subscribers – an increase of approximately 36% over the previous year. The median upload speed measured for the same period was 12.5 Mbps, representing an increase of 18.0% over the previous 12-month period, with a mean latency of 33.4 ms measured. It was also determined that 81.7% of mobile broadband subscribers used a 4G network – an increase of 3.1% over the previous year, while 15.1% used a 3G network – a decline of 15.6% over the previous year.

Analysis done by the Authority based on Speedtest Intelligence® data for the period October 2021 to September 2025.

Ookla trademarks used under licence and reprinted with permission.

13

48

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

Figure 6 shows the mobile broadband coverage for the period October 2024 to September 2025.

Figure 6: Mobile broadband coverage for the period October 2024 to September 2025

Fixed Similarly, the median download speed measured from October 2024 to September 2025 was 127.6 Mbps for fixed broadband subscribers – an improvement of 12.2% over the previous 12 months. The median upload speed measured for the same period was 54.1 Mbps, representing an improvement of 12.7% over the previous 12-month period, with a mean latency of 13.5 ms.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

49

Figure 7 shows the fixed broadband coverage for the period October 2024 to September 2025.

Figure 7: Fixed broadband coverage for the period October 2024 to September 2025

Table 7 shows the fixed and mobile broadband speeds over the period October 2021 to September 2025.

Table 7: Fixed and mobile broadband mobile speeds over the period October 2021 to September 2025

Service

Fixed broadband

Mobile broadband

Mobile telephone (percentage of subscribers using type of mobile technology)

50

Indicator

Oct 2021 – Sept 2022

Upload (Mbps)

25.1

Download (Mbps) Latency (ms)

Oct 2022 – Sept 2023

Oct 2023 – Sept 2024

Oct 2024 – Sept 2025

32.4

48.0

54.1

73.9

89.1

113.7

127.6

16.5

15.0

14.5

13.5

Upload (Mbps)

10.5

11.0

10.6

12.5

Download (Mbps)

29.4

29.1

31.0

42.1

Latency (ms)

35.5

35.2

35.1

33.4

3G technology usage (% of subscribers)

29.4

23.0

17.9

15.1

4G technology usage (% of subscribers)

67.1

73.8

79.2

81.7

4.13

Equipment Certification During the financial year, the Authority issued 410 certificates to international manufacturers for applications to certify radio-transmitting devices and modules for use in Trinidad and Tobago.

The Authority also issued 895 non-objection letters to local applicants for the importation of radiocommunications equipment.

Table 8 shows the status of equipment certification and non-objection applications at the end of the financial year.

Table 8: Status of equipment certification and non-objection applications

Status of Applications

Application Type Equipment Certification (International)

Local Non-Objection

410

895

Rejected

2

195

Pending

21

19

Total

433

1,109

Granted

4.14

USF Initiatives Assistive Technology Devices for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) The Authority continued its mandatory universal service initiative to provide assistive technologies to PwDs. This initiative permits PwDs, as well as those individuals in receipt of disability grants, to receive a subsidy valued at a maximum of $900 to purchase smartphones with built-in assistive technologies from a mobile network operator.

The initiative was first launched in 2020 and, as at 30th September 2025, 1,883 persons have benefitted from use of the subsidy.

To heighten awareness, the Authority continues to partner with the National Insurance Board of Trinidad and Tobago for the distribution of flyers which provide information regarding the initiative. To date, 19,990 flyers have been distributed, with 6,131 flyers being distributed during the financial period under review.

National Wi-Fi Initiative (TTWiFi) TTWiFi is a mandatory universal service initiative which allows persons access to broadband Wi-Fi Internet whilst at public spaces (e.g., transportation hubs, national libraries, primary schools and health institutions). This initiative facilitates the establishment of a platform for enhanced productivity via access to the Internet in public spaces whilst accessing government services. It is intended that this engagement will increase the interaction between citizens and the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT), in their daily lives and as they go about doing business with GORTT.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

51

As at 30th September 2025, citizens can access broadband Wi-Fi Internet, at no charge, at 227 locations throughout Trinidad and Tobago, including 12 transportation hubs, 23 national libraries, 77 public primary schools, and 115 health institutions.

Figure 8 shows the total number of TTWiFi sites commissioned during the period 2020 to 2025.

TOTAL TTWIFI LOCATIONS COMMISSIONED 227

182

115

137 NO. OF LIVE SITES

86 54 23

91 10 23

23

5

16 10 26

12

12

46

48

2020

2021

2022

2023

52

23

12

12

77

61

2024

2025

FISCAL YEAR

Figure 8: Total number of TTWiFi sites commissioned during the period 2020 to 2025

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

5. Financial Performance

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

53

The Authority generates its own revenues, sourced primarily from concession and licence fees levied on all service providers within the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. These funds are used to finance the operations of the Authority as it delivers on its mandate. Surpluses are paid into the Consolidated Fund, in accordance with section 53 (7) of the Act. Pursuant to sections 56 and 57 of the Act, the Authority prepares financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, which are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAPs) adopted in Trinidad and Tobago and subject to an annual audit.

The Authority achieved gross revenues of TT$103,125,674 during the financial year 2024/25 – a decrease of approximately 12.9% from the previous year. Of this amount, concession and licence fees generated revenues of TT$27,633,075 and TT$74,331,494, respectively. The decrease in revenue is primarily due to the proration of revenue generated from mobile spectrum fees associated with concessions which are expiring in December 2025. It is expected that fees will be invoiced for a full year during the financial year 2025/26.

The Authority’s operating expenditure for the year totalled TT$61,759,960. This represents an increase of approximately 5.5% over the previous year’s expenditure of TT$58,529,413. Capital expenditure for the year totalled TT$1,212,008.

The surplus for the year 2024/25 is TT$41,365,714.

The Authority’s receivables of TT$29,313,573 represent an increase of approximately 6.0% over the previous year. Accounts payables and accruals decreased by approximately 21.1% over the financial year, to TT$3,916,783.

As at 30th September 2025, the balance in the USF was TT$131,521,069.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Statement of management's responsibilities

It is the responsibility of management to prepare financial statements for each financial year which present fairly, in all material respects, the state of affairs of the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (the ‘Authority’) as at the end of the financial year and the operating results of the Authority for the year. It also requires management to ensure that the Authority keeps proper accounting records, which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Authority. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Authority.

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’). This responsibility includes designing, implementing and maintaining internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies, and making accounting estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances.

Management accepts responsibility for the annual financial statements, which have been prepared using appropriate accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates, in conformity with IFRS. Management is of the opinion that the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the state of the financial affairs of the Authority and its operating results. Management further accepts responsibility for the maintenance of accounting records, which may be relied upon in the preparation of financial statements, as well as adequate systems of internal financial control.

Nothing has come to the attention of Management to indicate that the Authority will not remain a going concern for at least the next twelve months from the date of this statement.

________________________________ Cris Seecheran Chairman

_____________________________ Kurleigh Prescod Chief Executive Officer

26th November 2025

26th November 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

55

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Statement of Financial Performance

(Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

Notes

As at 30 Sep 2025 $

As at 30 Sep 2024 $

6 7

10,512,848 6,170,553 16,683,401

11,850,209 9,536,310 21,386,519

8 8 9a 9b

29,313,573 4,491,101 43,713,610 134,105,411 211,623,695 228,307,096

27,631,284 18,489,417 34,383,660 123,386,678 203,891,039 225,277,558

Reserves Reserves : Universal Service Fund Total reserves

10

131,521,069 131,521,069

137,844,545 137,844,545

Non-current liabilities Deferred income Net defined benefit obligation Lease liability - Right of use asset Total non-current liabilities

11 21 12

19,535 2,417,337 2,803,543 5,240,415

25,262 1,905,819 6,058,801 7,989,882

13 12 21 13

3,916,783 3,477,010 46,944 7,075,443 77,029,433 91,545,612 228,307,096

4,969,174 3,477,010 46,944 4,031,550 66,918,453 79,443,131 225,277,558

ASSETS Non-current assets Plant and equipment Right of use assets Total non-current assets Current assets Receivables Universal Service Fund contribution receivable Cash and bank balance Cash and bank balance - Restricted Total current assets Total assets LIABILITIES & RESERVES

Current Liabilities Accounts payable and accruals Lease liability - Right of use asset Net defined benefit obligation Universal Service Fund contribution payable Due to Consolidated Fund Total Current Liabilities Total Liabilities and reserves

Cris Seecheran Chairman

Kurleigh Prescod Chief Executive Officer

These financial statements were approved for issue on the 26th November 2025 by the Board.

The Notes on pages 60 to 80 form an integral part of these financial statements.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

NOTES Income

Year ended 30 Sep 2025 $

Year ended 30 Sep 2024 $

Concession fees Licence fees Bank interest Other income Amortisation of deferred income Total Income

27,633,075 74,331,494 7,303 1,148,075 5,727 103,125,674

28,605,093 88,862,983 300 966,274 7,442 118,442,092

4,019,934 1,287,882 3,019,581 1,280,138 304,118 37,378,443 860,373 7,597,288 289,926 5,722,277 61,759,960

3,716,594 1,871,607 3,189,324 1,332,203 330,030 36,000,453 759,091 5,415,735 69,624 5,844,752 58,529,413

41,365,714 0 41,365,714

59,912,679 0 59,912,679

11

Expenses Communications, marketing & policy expenses Fees-Legal & professional Training Utilities Rent/lease expenses Staff costs Repairs and maintenance Other administrative costs Interest expense Depreciation Total Expenses Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income

14 15 16

17 18 19

The Notes on pages 60 to 80 form an integral part of these financial statements.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

57

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Statement of Changes in Amount due to Consolidated Fund

(Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

Year ended 30 Sep 2025 $

Year ended 30 Sep 2024 $

66,918,453

60,328,071

Payment to Consolidated Fund during the year

(24,254,734)

(43,322,297)

Transfer to Universal Service Fund

(7,000,000)

(10,000,000)

Outstanding amount brought forward

35,663,719

7,005,774

Net surplus for the current year

41,365,714

59,912,679

Amount due to Consolidated Fund at the end of the year

77,029,433

66,918,453

Amount due to Consolidated Fund at the beginning of the year

The Notes on pages 60 to 80 form an integral part of these financial statements.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Statement of Cash Flows for the Year (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

Year ended 30 Sep 2025 $

Year ended 30 Sep 2024 $

41,365,714

59,912,679

(5,727) 289,926 5,722,277 (162,492) 47,209,698

(7,442) 69,624 5,844,752 15,051 65,834,664

(1,682,289) (1,052,391) 511,519 10,718,732 55,705,269

4,150,849 275,868 261,416 10,897,452 81,420,249

(1,212,008) 0 355,340 (856,668)

(3,492,561) (10,097,270) 13,852 (13,575,979)

Amount paid to Consolidated Fund Contribution to Universal Service Fund Interest paid Proceeds from lease for right of use asset Repayment of lease liabilities Net cash used in financing activities

(24,254,734) (7,000,000) (289,926) 0 (3,255,258) (34,799,918)

(43,322,297) (10,000,000) (69,624) 10,184,259 (3,562,549) (46,770,211)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at start of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

20,048,683 157,770,338 177,819,021

21,074,059 136,696,279 157,770,338

Restricted cash and cash equivalent at start of year

123,386,678

112,489,226

Restricted cash and cash equivalent at end of year

134,105,411

123,386,678

Cash flows from operating activities Net surplus for the year Adjustment for non-cash Items: Amortization of deferred income Interest expense Depreciation (Gain)/Loss on disposal of plant and equipment Changes in (Increase)/Decrease in receivables (Decrease)/Increase in accounts payable and accruals Increase in defined payment obligations Increase – Universal Service Fund – Cash Net cash generated from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of plant and equipment Acquisition of right of use assets Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities

The Notes on pages 60 to 80 form an integral part of these financial statements.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

59

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

1.

General Information The Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (the ‘Authority’) is an independent regulatory body, established by the Telecommunications Act (the ‘Act’) Chapter 47:31. The Authority is charged with the responsibility for the regulation of the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors of Trinidad and Tobago.

The Authority’s mandate includes recommendations to the Minister for the granting of Concessions, the granting of Spectrum Licences and the collection of related fees, the determination of Universal Service obligations throughout Trinidad and Tobago, the establishment of National Telecommunications Industry Standards and Technical Standards, Price Regulation and Consumer Protection.

The Authority became operational on 1st July 2004.

The Authority is located at #5 Eighth Avenue Extension, off Twelfth Street, Barataria, Trinidad.

The Authority reports to the Ministry of Public Administration and Artificial Intelligence.

2.

Adoption of New and Revised International Financial Reporting Standards (a) New and amended standards and interpretations The following new standards which are effective for annual periods beginning or after 1st January 2024 had no impact on the financial statements of the Authority i. International Tax Reform — Pillar Two Model Rules — Amendments to IAS12 ii. Classification of liabilities as current or non-current — Amendments to IAS 1 iii. Lease liability in a sale and leaseback — Amendments to IFRS 16 iv. Supplier finance arrangements — Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 (b)

Standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective The following standards and interpretations, that have been issued but are not yet effective, are not expected to have a material impact of the financial statements of the Authority: i. Lack of Exchangeability — Amendments to IAS 211 ii. Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments — Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 72 iii. Power Purchase Agreements — Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 72 iv. Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements — IFRS 183 v. Disclosures and Basis for conclusions — IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability3

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1st January 2025, with earlier application permitted.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1st January 2026, with earlier application permitted.

3 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1st January 2027, with earlier application permitted.

1

2

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented unless otherwise stated.

Basis of Preparation These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) and IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC). The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Authority’s accounting policies.

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. a)

Plant and Equipment All plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items of plant and equipment. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Authority and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the statement of profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Plant and equipment are depreciated on the reducing balance basis at rates estimated to write off the cost of fixed assets over their useful lives. Current rates of depreciation are as follows: Fixtures and fittings Computer equipment and software Office furniture and equipment Motor vehicles Telecommunication equipment and related software

20% 25% 20% 25% 25%

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. b)

Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, deposits held at call with banks with short-term maturities.

Cash and cash equivalents are defined as restricted when the funds can only be applied to facilitate the provision of universal service as defined in the Telecommunications Act 47:31.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) c) Financial Assets - Loans and receivables The Authority classifies its cash and cash equivalent, loans and receivables as financial assets. Financial assets are classified at initial recognition and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these assets is included in Interest Income on the statement of comprehensive income. The carrying amount of these assets are adjusted by any expected credit loss allowance recognised and measured as explained in Note 3e. d)

Government Grants Government grants related to fixed assets are deferred in the statement of financial position and amortised over the estimated useful lives of the assets to which it relates.

e)

Trade Receivables Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less an allowance made for credit losses of these receivables. The Authority applied the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for trade receivables. Trade receivables have been grouped based on similar credit risk characteristics and the days past due. A provision for expected credit loss is assessed when there is evidence that the Authority will not be able to collect the amounts due.

The receivables are reduced through an allowance account and the loss is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. When an account is uncollectable it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to the statement of comprehensive income.

Trade receivables are written off (i.e., derecognised) when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Failure to renew licence and failure to engage with the Authority on alternative payment arrangements amongst other factors are considered indicators of no reasonable expectation of recovery.

f)

Trade Payables Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as noncurrent liabilities.

Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) g) Reserves Universal Service Fund In accordance with the Telecommunications Act 47:31, the Board approves the appropriation of reserves to the Universal Service Fund. Section 53(3) of the Act restricts the use of these funds to the provision of universal service.

Consolidated Fund In accordance with the Telecommunications Act 47:31, “At the end of each financial year, any surplus of funds remaining in the account opened in accordance with subsection (5), after defraying the expenditure referred to in subsection (2), shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund”. h)

Provisions Provisions are recognised when the Authority has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligations and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

i)

Leases The Authority assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. The Authority recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee, except for shortterm leases (defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) and leases of low value assets (such as tablets and personal computers, small items of office furniture and telephones). For these leases, the Authority recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased assets are consumed.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Authority uses its incremental borrowing rate.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

63

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) i) Leases (continued) Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise: i) Fixed lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; ii) Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date; iii) The amount expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; iv) The exercise price of purchase options, if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise the options; and v) Payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the exercise of an option to terminate the lease.

The lease liability is presented as a separate line in the statement of financial position.

The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

The Authority remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset) whenever: i)

The lease term has changed or there is a significant event or change in circumstances resulting in a change in the assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the lease liability. ii) The lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate or a change in expected payment under a guaranteed residual value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using an unchanged discount rate (unless the lease payments change is due to a change in a floating interest rate, in which case a revised discount rate is used). iii) A lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, in which case the lease liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate at the effective date of the modification.

The Authority renewed the lease on its Head Office in August 2024 for a further 3 years.

The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the commencement day, less any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Authority expects to exercise a purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease.

64

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) i) Leases (continued) The right-of-use assets are presented as a separate line in the statement of financial position. The Authority applies IAS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss. j)

Taxation Pursuant to section 54 of the Telecommunications Act 47:31, the Authority is exempt from income tax.

k)

Employee Benefits i. Short-term employee benefits — The cost of short-term employee benefits (those payable) within 12 months after the service is rendered are recognised in the period in which the service is rendered and not discounted. ii. Defined contribution plans — Payments to defined contribution plans are expensed as they fall due. iii. Defined benefit obligations — The Authority has an obligation to provide pension benefits to officers transferred to the Authority under Section 62 of the Telecommunications Act 47:31. This obligation is to provide that these employees will be paid benefits at the amount when combined with the relevant pension law, is equivalent to the benefit based on the pensionable service in the Public Service or a statutory authority combined with the service in the Authority and calculated at the final salary applicable on the date service was terminated. Changes to the estimates are expensed in the year determined. (see Note 21).

l)

Foreign Currency Translation i. Functional and presentation currency — Items included in the financial statements of the Authority are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Authority operates (‘the functional currency’). The financial statements are presented in Trinidad and Tobago dollars, which is the Authority’s functional and presentation currency. ii. Transactions and balances — Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

65

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) m) Revenue Recognition The following table indicates how the Authority has applied IFRS 15’s five step process to recognise revenue in its financial statement.

IFRS 15 – Recognition Steps

Authority’s Approach

1. Identify the contract with the customer

The majority of the Authority Revenue is derived from fees for i. Concessions ii. Licenses

2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract

The Authority allows the Concessionaire/ Licensee to operate and utilise Spectrum under the terms and conditions specified in its relevant Concession/License.

3. Determine the transaction price;

Fees are established under the Telecommunication (Fees) Regulations, 2006

4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contracts;

Allocation of Fees are also specified under the Telecommunication (Fees) Regulation, 2006.

5. Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Application Fees are recognised when the Concession/License has been processed.

Due to invoicing guidelines set forth in the Telecommunication (Fees) Regulation 2006 Sections 3 (2), 7 (1), 11 (2) and 12 (1) Concession/ License Fees are recognised when invoiced.

Interest income is recognised as it accrues, unless collectability is in doubt.

Income is also recognised from receipt of Government grants. See note 3(d) for Government grants.

In the event that a material invoice is not prepared at the Authority’s year end and accrual for the revenue is made.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) n) Impairment of Assets The carrying amounts of the Authority’s assets are reviewed at each statement of financial position date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cashgenerating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. i. Calculation of recoverable amount The recoverable amount of other assets is the greater of their net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash inflows, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. ii. Reversals of impairment An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount.

An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. o)

4.

Comparatives Where necessary comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to changes in presentation in the current year.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements In the application of the Authority's accounting policies, which are described in note 3, management of the Authority are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Key sources of uncertainty, which require the use of estimates, include: Useful lives and residual values of plant and equipment The estimates of useful lives as translated into depreciation rates are detailed in the plant and equipment policy above. These rates and the residual lives of the assets are reviewed annually taking cognizance of the forecasted commercial and economic realities and through benchmarking of accounting treatments within the industry.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

67

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

4.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements (continued) Allowance for expected credit losses of trade receivables The Authority makes use of a simplified approach in accounting for trade receivables and records the loss allowance as lifetime expected credit losses. The Authority uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLS for trade receivables. The provision rates are based on groupings of various customers segments that have similar loss patterns (customer type, age of receivable, coverage by payment agreements, status of concession).

The information about the ECLs on the Authority’s trade receivables is disclosed in Note 22.

Contingent liabilities Management applies its judgement to the facts and advice it receives from its attorneys, advocates and other advisors in assessing if an obligation is probable, more likely than not, or remote. Such judgement is used to determine if the obligation is recognised as a liability or disclosed as a contingent liability.

Defined benefit obligations The level of benefits to be provided depends on the member’s length of service and salary at retirement age. In determining the liability for defined benefit obligations (explained in note 21), management must make an estimate of life expectancy of relevant officers and the discount rate to use in the present value calculation. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for the Trinidad and Tobago.

Salary information used in the calculation is based on existing salary at the time of the review.

Discount Rate Life expectancy female Life expectancy male

30 Sep 2025 4% 80 73

30 Sep 2024 4% 80 73

Leases – estimating the incremental borrowing rate The Authority cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease. It uses the incremental borrowing rate. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Authority would have to pay to borrow over a similar term with similar security in a similar economic environment.

The Authority has applied the rate available to government for a bond of similar tenure to the lease.

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

5.

Financial Risk Management a) Market risk The Authority’s activities do not expose it to any significant market risks (including currency risk, fair value interest rate and price risk). i) Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk As the Authority has no significant interest-bearing assets, the Authority’s income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates. The Authority does not own any investments. ii) Currency risk Currency risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The majority of the financial instruments of the Authority are denominated in Trinidad and Tobago dollars, thus, the risk to the Authority is considered minimal. b)

Credit risk Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents as well as credit exposures to customers for outstanding receivables. The Authority does not have significant credit risk exposure to any single third-party counterparty or any group of counterparties having similar characteristics. The Authority defines counterparties as having similar characteristics if they are related entities.

Credit risk also arises from cash and deposits with banks and financial institutions.

For banks and financial institutions, only those with good standing and with a sound reputation are used.

Customer credit risk is managed subject to the Authority’s established policy, procedures and control relating to accounts receivable management. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and collection methods employed including affording short-term payment arrangements.

An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date using a provision matrix to measure expected credit losses. The provision rates are based on days past due for groupings of various customer segments with similar loss patterns (customer type, age of receivable, coverage by payment agreements, status of concession). The Authority does not hold collateral as security.

c)

Liquidity risk Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash to meet all financial obligations as they become due.

The table below analyses the Authority’s financial liabilities based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 1 year equal their carrying balances, as the impact of discounting is not significant.

Accounts Payables and Accruals Less than 1 Year

30 Sep 2025 $ 3,715,284

30 Sep 2024 $ 4,969,174

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

69

6.

70 2,769,721 3,893,093

3,590,696

940,443

977,670

11,643,659 4,286,659 (157,414) 0 828,892 213,889 12,315,136 4,500,548

$ $ 14,413,379 5,264,328 740,748 93,514 1,267,854 83,150 (213,750) 0 16,208,230 5,440,992

3,744,400

24,487,692 0 1,082,012 25,569,704

Depreciation At 1st October 2024 Disposal of Assets Charge for the period At 30th September 2025

Net Book Value at 1st October 2024 Net Book Value at 30th September 2025

$ 28,232,092 13,728 914,580 0 29,160,400

Cost At 1st October 2024 Additions for the period Transferred Assets Disposal of Assets At 30th September 2025

Telecommunication Equipment Computer Office and Equipment Furniture Related and and Software Software Equipment

Plant and equipment

606,648

969,656

20,919

26,148

1,657,174 263,960 (592,286) 0 226,496 5,229 1,291,384 269,189

$ $ 2,626,830 290,108 0 0 0 0 (728,799) 0 1,898,031 290,108

Motor Vehicle

Fixture and Fittings

1,461,051

3,362,616

0 0 0 0

1,461,051

$ 3,362,616 364,018 (2,265,584)

Work in Progress

10,512,849

11,850,211

42,339,143 (749,700) 2,356,520 43,945,962

$ 54,189,353 1,212,008 0 (942,549) 54,458,813

Total Plant and Equipment

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

6.

2,841,570 2,769,720

3,744,400

977,669

1,149,239

10,958,393 4,051,104 (85,006) 0 770,272 235,555 11,643,659 4,286,659

$ $ 13,799,963 5,200,343 286,124 59,536 441,202 4,449 (113,910) 0 14,413,379 5,264,328

4,313,456

23,284,319 0 1,203,373 24,487,692

Depreciation At 1st October 2023 Disposal of Assets Charge for the period At 30th September 2024

Net Book Value at 1st October 2023 Net Book Value at 30th September 2024

$ 27,597,775 309,474 324,843 0 28,232,092

Cost At 1st October 2023 Additions for the period Transferred Assets Disposal of Assets At 30th September 2024

Telecommunication Equipment Computer Office and Equipment Furniture Related and and Software Software Equipment

Plant and equipment

969,656

396,119

1,418,080 0 239,094 1,657,174

$ 1,814,199 347,631 465,000 0 2,626,830

Motor Vehicle

26,148

32,685

257,423 0 6,537 263,960

$ 290,108 0 0 0 290,108

Fixture and Fittings

3,362,616

2,108,313

0 0 0 0

3,362,616

$ 2,108,313 2,489,797 (1,235,494)

Work in Progress

11,850,209

10,841,382

39,969,319 (85,006) 2,454,831 42,339,144

$ 50,810,701 3,492,562 0 (113,910) 54,189,353

Total Plant and Equipment

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

71

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

7.

Right of Use Assets The Authority has deemed the lease for the Barataria Head Office to fall under IFRS 16 as a Right of Use Asset and has been accounted for as such from the start of the financial year 2019/20.

Right of Use Assets — Building Cost At 1st October 2024 Additions for the period Disposals At 30th September 2025

$ 10,097,270 0 0 10,097,270

Depreciation At 1st October 2024 Charge for the period Disposals At 30th September 2025

560,960 3,365,757 0 3,926,717

Carrying Amount at 1st October 2024 Carrying Amount at 30th September 2025

9,536,310 6,170,553 Right of Use Assets — Building

Cost At 1st October 2023 Additions for the period

$ 10,184,259 10,097,270

Disposals At 30th September 2024

(10,184,259) 10,097,270

Depreciation At October 1, 2023 Charge for the period

72

7,355,298 3,389,921

Disposals At 30th September 2024

(10,184,259) 560,960

Carrying Amount at 1st October 2023 Carrying Amount at 30th September 2024

2,828,961 9,536,310

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

8.

Trade and Other Receivables Trade receivables Less provision for bad debts Trade Receivables-Net Staff loan Staff loan (motor vehicle) Staff Loan (corporate mobile) VAT receivable Other receivables/prepayments Universal Service Fund Receivables

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

21,328,255 (1,895,243) 19,433,012 189,850 923,101 (4,338) 7,501,899 1,270,049 29,313,573 4,491,101 33,804,674

20,307,371 (2,466,404) 17,840,967 256,484 358,880 (4,188) 7,469,299 1,709,842 27,631,284 18,489,417 46,120,701

Included within staff loans are loans to management amounting to $62,662 (Sep 24: $$66,530).

9a. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash at bank (TT$ account) Cash at bank (US$ account) Cash on hand (TT$ account) 9b. Cash and Cash Equivalents - Restricted Universal Service Fund (TT$ account) 10.

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

43,655,980 52,630 5,000 43,713,610

33,527,452 851,208 5,000 34,383,660

134,105,411 177,819,020

123,386,678 157,770,338

Reserves: Universal Service Fund In accordance with Section 28, 53. (1) (d) and 53. (6) of the Telecommunications Act 47:31, the Authority is required to set aside funds for Universal Service obligations. Such funds are to be used exclusively for Universal Service obligations.

30 Sep 2025 30 Sep 2024 $ $ Due to Universal Service Fund Balance at 1st October Cash inflows

123,386,678 21,895,505

112,489,226 21,853,749

Cash outflows Universal Service Fund - Cash and Cash Equivalents Universal Service Fund - Receivables Universal Service Fund - Payables Reserves - Universal Service Fund

(11,176,773) 134,105,411 4,491,101 (7,075,443) 131,521,069

(10,956,297) 123,386,678 18,489,417 (4,031,550) 137,844,545

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

73

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

11.

Deferred Income Government Grant relating to fixed asset at start of year Amortisation

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

25,263 (5,727) 19,535

32,704 (7,442) 25,262

12. Lease Liability Leasing arrangements The Authority leases its facilities, which include executive and administrative offices which are renewed periodically. Substantially the lease provides that the lessee shall pay maintenance, insurance and certain other operating expenses applicable to the leased property.

The Authority renewed the lease on its Head Office in August 2024 for a further 3 years.

Lease Liability Current Non-Current

13.

Accounts Payable and Accruals Accounts payable Deferred revenue Outstanding commitments Other current liabilities Customer deposit Universal Service Fund Contribution - Payables

74

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

3,477,010 2,803,543 6,280,553

3,477,010 6,058,801 9,535,811

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

606,541 265,202 2,888,605 154,322 2,113 3,916,784 7,075,443 10,992,227

739,161 222,676 3,716,965 143,062 147,310 4,969,174 4,031,550 9,000,724

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

14. Communications, Marketing & Policy Expenses Promotions, publicity and printing Official overseas travel Hosting conferences/seminars

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

1,639,774 92,488 2,287,672 4,019,934

1,815,820 460,085 1,440,689 3,716,594

15. Fees These fees comprise mainly of legal fees incurred in compliance and enforcement, opinions from senior counsel and judicial review from the Authority's providers.

Legal and professional fees Subscriptions and other charges 16.

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

547,373 740,509 1,287,882

1,147,783 723,824 1,871,607

Training In accordance with Section 18. (1) (n) of the Act, the Authority is committed to continuous training of its personnel to ensure that the industry standards are in compliance with: i) International standards of the Telecommunications Union Convention ii) Testing and certifying of telecommunications equipment iii) Other relevant training necessary to achieve the objectives of the Act as outlined in Section 3 of the Act. 30 Sep 2025 30 Sep 2024 $ $ Training, registration fees Foreign travel, per diems, airfare

534,665 2,484,916 3,019,581

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

354,301 2,835,023 3,189,324

75

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

17.

Staff Costs Salaries Board member fees Pension contributions Short term employment Other personnel expense

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

33,582,184 435,896 2,789,332 397,352 173,680 37,378,443

32,508,007 685,179 2,486,451 46,542 274,274 36,000,453

The number of employees at 30 Sep 2025 was 103 (Sep 2024: 103).

18.

19.

76

Other Administrative Costs Security Janitorial services Supplies Other contracted services Allowance for credit loss Other administrative costs

Depreciation Depreciation - Plant and equipment Depreciation - Right of use assets

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

678,454 329,020 895,579 5,457,853 58,814 177,568 7,597,289

668,599 324,675 618,547 3,624,533 5,375 174,006 5,415,735

30 Sep 2025 $

30 Sep 2024 $

2,356,520 3,365,757 5,722,277

2,454,831 3,389,921 5,844,752

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

20. Related party transactions Transactions are entered into with related parties in the normal course of business.

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial decisions.

Key management personnel are those persons having the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Authority.

These transactions were carried out on commercial terms and conditions at market rates, except loans to officers.

Related party transactions and balances Balances and transactions with related parties and key management personnel during the year were as follows: 30 Sep 2025 30 Sep 2024 $ $ Board member fees Salaries, NIS and group health Pension contribution

435,896 5,706,354 302,336 6,444,584

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

685,179 5,692,696 327,380 6,705,255

77

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

21.

Defined Benefit Obligation The Authority has an obligation to provide defined pension benefits to officers transferred under Section 62 and 63 of the Telecommunications Act 47:31. This obligation is to provide for any difference in pensions payments that would be due under the Pensions Act as calculated by the Ministry of Finance.

The Authority reviews the liability established to cover this obligation at the end of every year and recognising any change to the obligation through the income statement in that financial year.

Net Defined Benefit Obligation As at start of year Expensed in year Paid As at end of year Net Defined Benefit Obligation Current Non Current

30 Sep 2025 $ 1,952,763 558,462 (46,944) 2,464,281

30 Sep 2024 $ 1,691,347 308,360 (46,944) 1,952,763

46,944 2,417,337 2,464,281

46,944 1,905,819 1,952,763

Sensitivity Analysis The defined benefit obligation is sensitive to the assumptions used. The following summarises how the change in defined benefit obligation would result from a change in the assumptions

78

1% increase in discount rate 1% decrease in discount rate

$170,621 ($188,186)

1 year increase in life expectancy 1 year decrease in life expectancy

($107,749) $140,934

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued) For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

22.

Expected Credit Losses The Authority applies the IFRS 9 simplified model of recognising lifetime expected credit losses for all trade receivables as these items do not have a significant financing component. In measuring the expected credit losses, the trade receivables have been assessed on a collective basis as they possess shared credit risk characteristics. They have been grouped based on the days past due, status of concession and coverage under payment agreement.

The Authority reviewed the credit losses over the period 2020 to 2025 and have reduced the expected credit loss rate for Other Trade Receivables to 1.5% (3% in 2024). All other categories have not been changed.

On the above basis the expected credit loss for trade receivables at 30th September 2025 and 30th September 2024 was determined as follows: 30 September 2025 Trade Receivables On Payment Current Agreement Expected credit loss rate 0% 0% Estimated total gross carrying amount at default Expected credit loss

Total Trade Receivable

50%

100%

1.5%

1,005,529

11,410,024 3,617,970

6,942

5,287,790

21,328,255

0

0 1,808,985

6,942

79,317

1,895,243

Terminated Other Under Concessions/ Trade Review Licences Receivable

Total Trade Receivable

30 September 2024 Trade Receivables On Payment Current Agreement Expected credit loss rate

0%

Estimated total gross carrying amount at default

997,825

Expected credit loss

Terminated Other Under Concessions/ Trade Review Licences Receivable

0%

50%

100%

3%

10,368,358 3,381,902

627,500

4,931,786

20,307,371

0

627,500

147,954

2,466,405

0

1,690,951

The closing balance of the of the trade receivables loss allowance at 30th September 2025 reconciles with the trade receivables loss allowance opening balance as follows:

Loss allowance at start of year Loss allowance used in the year Loss allowance recognised in the year Loss allowance at end of year

30 Sep 2025 $ 2,466,404 (629,975) 58,814 1,895,243

30 Sep 2024 $ 2,461,029 0 5,375 2,466,404

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

79

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Notes to the financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30th September 2025 (Expressed in Trinidad and Tobago dollars)

23.

Financial instruments by category The accounting policies for financial instruments have been applied to the line items below: 30 Sep 2025 30 Sep 2024 $ $ Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Receivables (Note 8) Other financial liabilities Payables held at amortised cost

177,819,020 22,436,868 200,255,889

157,770,338 20,918,546 178,688,884

3,916,784 3,916,784

4,969,174 4,969,174

24.

Contingent liabilities and assets, commitments Legal proceedings The Authority is both Claimant and/or Defendant to a several legal actions. The disposition of these matters is not likely to have any materially adverse effect on the Authority’s financial condition or operation.

25.

Events after the reporting date No significant events occurred after the reporting date affecting the financial performance, position or changes therein for the reporting year presented in these annual financial statements.

80

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNUAL REPORT 2025

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