Embracing the Bold: Reconstructing the Central Térmica de Sant Adrià de Besòs

Embracing the Bold: Reconstructing the Central Térmica de Sant Adrià de Besòs MSc. Sustainable Architecture and Landscape Design Student: Andela Nikolic 10703512 Supervisor: Prof. Andreu Arriola Madorell

Department of Architecture and Urban Studies

Academic year 2020/21

Abstract

Former Thermal Power Plant has always been one of the most recognizable feature of Sant Adrià de Besòs and coastal area of Badalona. Years after being closed, Les Tres Xemeneies obtained a heritage protection status by the municipality.

The thesis explores the possibility of regenerating the former industrial area, overcoming both physical and social barriers and reconstructing the abandoned Thermal Power Plant into a new contemporary museum space. Based on different scale analysis the thesis aims to remove obstacles of built railway infrastructure, find sustainable solutions of treating the contaminated land and transform the overall post-industrial site into a new urban space. Main design focus is on the proposal of the new functional space inside the structure of the Three Chimneys and adjacent turbine hall with a platform, that serves as an important bond for the surroundings and the Power Plant.

The key objective of the proposal is to renew the neglected Power Plant, improve environmental, social and economical aspect of the area and ultimately interlink Sant Adrià de Besòs with the city of Barcelona.

Keywords: post-industrial site, resilience, climate change, remediation, dunes, green connect, platform, acupuncture, opportunities, history, inter-linkage, contemporary, art, viewpoints, connection, flow

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Contents Prologue

3 3 4 5 7

Sant Adrià de Besòs

8 8

Site Introduction

Landscape Analysis

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10 Macro Scale City Identities 13

Meso Scale Site Understanding

14

Urban Design Concept

14 Macro Scale Manifesto - Embracing the Bold 16 Master Plan 18 Coast Dune Process 20 Platform Details

21

Introduction to the 3X

22 Les Tres Xemeneies 22 The History of the Power Plant 24 Current State

27

Project References

30

Concept and Design

31 Master Plan Phases 34 3X Concept - Power Plant as a Contemporay

Museum

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35 37 37 45 47

Abstract Contents List of Figures Acknowledgment

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Phase 1 Connection and Flow Voids Interior Features Elevation System

Bibliography

List of Figures Fig.01. View of Sant Adrià de Besòs Source: Picture taken by Xavier Soley;p.8 Fig.02. Map showing site scale analysis Source: Author, 2021; p. 9 Fig.03. Green and blue infrastructure Source: Author, 2021; p. 10 Fig.04. Railway and road infrastructure Source: Author, 2021; p. 10 Fig.05. Seafront promenade from Badalona to Montjuïc Source: Author, 2021; p. 11 Fig.06. Promenade conceptual elevation Source: Author, 2021; p. 11 Fig.07. Height comparison - city context Source: Author, 2021; p. 12 Fig.08. Site contextual mapping Source: Author, 2021; p. 13

Fig.15. Diagrams explaining development of the dunes Source: Author, 2021; p. 18 Fig.16. Vegetation catalog Source: Google images, modified by the author, 2021; p. 18

Fig.18. View of the woodland park Source: Author, 2021; p. 18

Fig.31. Article about the construction of the Thermal Power Plant Source: La Vanguardia Española, 1973; p.22

Fig.19. Rooftop garden Source: Author, 2021; p. 18

Fig.32. Historical evolution Source: Author, 2020; p. 23

Fig.20. Master plan zoom in: platform viewpoints Source: Author, 2021; p. 19

Fig.33. Existing structure of the chimney Source: Official bjerkeingels instagram page, 2017; p. 24

Fig.21. View of the elevated walkway towards the beach Source: Author, 2021; p. 19

Fig.34. Existing condition of the turbine hall Source: Official bjerkeingels instagram page, 2017; p. 24

Fig.09. Following the grid: Creating gateways to 3X Source: Author, 2021; p. 13 Fig.10. Axonometric view of the site proposal Source: Author, 2021; p. 14

Fig.23. Three dimensional section of the platform - type 1 Source: Author, 2021; p. 20

Fig.11. Three main keywords explaining site proposal Source: Author, 2021; p. 15

Fig.24. Three dimensional section of the platform - type 2 Source: Author, 2021; p. 20

Fig.12. Master plan Source: Author, 2021; p. 16

Fig.25. View of the platform in relation with the city Source: Author, 2021; p. 20

Fig.14. Site section showing the relationship between new built areas and platform Source: Author, 2021; p. 17

Fig.30. Working chimneys in 20th century Source: http://www.urbanlivinglab.net/ tag/tres-xemeneies-de-sant-adria/; p. 22

Fig.17.Vegetation map Source: Author, 2021; p. 18

Fig.22. Section indicating the flow of the platform towards the sand dune and coastal area Source: Author, 2021; p. 19

Fig.13. Site section showing the relationship with the neighborhood - green connect park leading towards the bay Source: Author, 2021; p. 17

Fig.29. First thermal power plant in Sant Adrià de Besòs (1928) Source: www.wikiwand.com/es/Central_térmica_de_San_Adrián; p. 22

Fig.35. View of the existing state of the chimneys Source: Official bjerkeingels instagram page, 2017; p. 24 Fig.36. Existing condition of the chimneys Source: Official bjerkeingels instagram page, 2017; p. 24 Fig.37. Section of existing state of the Power Plant Source: Material provided by professor Andreu Arriola Madorell during Architectural Design Studio II, modified by the author, 2021; p. 25

Fig.26. View of the platorm Source: Author, 2021; p. 20

Fig.38. Elevation of existing state of the Power Plant Source: Material provided by professor Andreu Arriola Madorell during Architectural Design Studio II, modified by the author, 2021;p. 25

Fig.27. View of the area Source: Google Images, 2015; p. 22 Fig.28. Existing state of the power plant Source: Author, 2021; p. 22

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Fig.39. Axonometric view of exisitnig condition Source: Author, 2021; p. 26 Fig.40. View of existing voids Source: Author, 2021; p. 26 Fig.41. View of existing columns Source: Author, 2021; p. 26 Fig.42. View of existing chimney Source: Author, 2021; p. 26 Fig.43. Exisiting floorplans Source: Material provided by professor Andreu Arriola Madorell during Architectural Design Studio II, modified by the author, 2021; p. 27 Fig.44. Tate Modern (London) -Former Bankside Power Station Culture, leasure, education Source: Google Images; p. 28 Fig.45. Tabakelera (San Sebastián, Spain) - Former tabacco factory Culture, leasure, education Source: Google Images; p. 28 Fig.46. Fabra i Coats: Fábrica de Creación (Barcelona, Spain) -Former textile factory Culture, leasure, education Source: Google Images; p. 29 Fig.47. Kearny Point (Kearny, NJ, America) - Fromer shipyard Culture, leasure, product Source: Google Images; p. 29 Fig.48. Innovation Powerhouse (Eindhoven, Netherlands)- Former Philips Power Plant Product, innovation Source: Google Images; p. 29 Fig.49. Master plan phase 1 Source: Author, 2022; p. 31

Fig.50. Master plan phase 2 Source: Author, 2022; p. 32

Fig.65. Section of the three chimneys Source: Author, 2022; p. 44

Fig.80. Exhibition chimney Source: Author, 2022; p. 50

Fig.51. Master plan phase 3 Source: Author, 2022; p. 33

Fig.66. View of an exhibition box Source: Author, 2022; p. 45

Fig.81. Turbine hall interior Source: Author, 2022; p. 50

Fig.52. Museum development concept Source: Author, 2022; p. 34

Fig.67. Lounge area Source: Author, 2022; p. 45

Fig.82. New proposal of the Power Plant Source: Author, 2022; p. 51

Fig.53. Master plan phase 1 Source: Author, 2022; p. 35

Fig.68. View of the interior platfrom Source: Author, 2022; p. 45

Fig.54. Connection of the platfrom with the first floor of the turbine hall Source: Author, 2022; p. 35

Fig.69. View of the connecting elevated walkway Source: Author, 2022; p. 45

Fig.55. Turbine hall section in relation to the platform Source: Author, 2022; p. 36

Fig.70. Turbine hall section Source: Author, 2022; p. 45

Fig.56. Proposed connections inside the turbine hall Source: Author, 2022; p. 37 Fig.57. System of voids inside the turbine hall Source: Author, 2022; p. 37 Fig.58. Ground floor +3.10m Source: Author, 2022; p. 38 Fig.59. First floor +7.00m Source: Author, 2022; p. 39 Fig.60. Second floor +13.20m Source: Author, 2022; p. 40 Fig.61. Third floor +18.00m Source: Author, 2022; p. 41 Fig.62. Third floor +21.00m Source: Author, 2022; p. 42 Fig.63. Chimeneys floorplans +71.5m Source: Author, 2022; p. 43 Fig.64. Exploded view diagram Source: Author, 2022; p. 44

Fig.71. South East elevation Source: Author, 2022; p. 46 Fig.72. Diagram showing facade openings and vertical louver additions Source: Author, 2022; p. 47 Fig.73. Vertical louver detail Source: Author, 2022; p. 47 Fig.74. South West elevation Source: Author, 2022; p. 48 Fig.75. North East elevation Source: Author, 2022; p. 48 Fig.76. North West elevation Source: Author, 2022; p. 48 Fig.77. Turbine hall section Source: Author, 2022; p. 49 Fig.78. Exhibition box Source: Author, 2022; p. 50 Fig.79. Turbine hall sculpture and installation area Source: Author, 2022; p. 50

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Acknowledgment

I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my supervisor Professor Andreu Arriola Madorell for his guidance, co-operation as well as his enthusiasm and kindness, that helped me complete my studies.

Special thanks to my colleagues Shivali Sanap and Ahmadreza Irajpour from Architectural Design Studio II who helped me start this project. It was a pleasure collaborating with them.

Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support and encouragement throughout my journey.

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Site Introduction Situated on the Mediterranean coast, between Barcelona and Badalona, Sant Adrià de Besòs represents the underdeveloped part of the coastline, where the river meets the sea. It is mostly known as for its industrial use and the dominant structure of the three chimneys, a former power plant.

In general, the study area consists of several textures in terms of use. The region has a environmental diversity, with different potentials. Three chimneys, that have lost their past use, due to height specifications and historical features, are an importat landmark of the area. Besides the natural components of the seaside and the river Besòs, the area is characterized by the built spaces of residential and a very dominant industrial zone.

Sant Adrià de Besòs

Fig.01. View of Sant Adrià de Besòs 8

The existence of railway, separating industrial zone and coastline edge, creates challenges in mobility and connection, and is a crucial segment to consider in the design.

Landscape Analysis

Fig.02. Map showing site scale analysis 9

Macro Scale City Identities

Fig.03. Green and blue infrastructure

Fig.04. Railway and road infrastructure

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Edificio Colón

Columbus Monument

Hotel Arts

Torre Mapfre Museum

Parc de la Barceloneta

Nova Mar Bella Beach

W Barcelona

Fig.05. Seafront promenade from Badalona to Montjuïc

200m

Fig.06. Promenade conceptual elevation

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Torre Diagonal Zero Zero

Parc del Fòrum

Sant Adrià de Besòs

Marina de Badalona

200m

100m

Fig.07. Height comparison - city context

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Meso Scale

Site Understanding

Fig.09. Following the grid: Creating gateways to 3X

Fig.08. Site contextual mapping

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Micro Scale Manifesto - Embracing the Bold

Urban Design Concept

Project proposal aim is to create environment-healthy neighborhood by enhancing a monumental attraction and boldness of Les Tres Xemeneies. By understanding the site context it is possible to identify the potentials for different interventions, methods of tactical urbanism and break the rigid and strong edge barriers. Connections and nodes, interactive spaces are breaking the social barrier. Planning geometry is based upon a grind parallel to the Three Chimneys.

Design seeks to embrace nature, movement and interactions. Resilient solutions of treating contaminated post-industrial soil and of fighting the sea level rising caused by climate change, comprise methods of phytoremediation and creation of sand dunes. In the process of study it was essential to think of a philosophical concept of the desire to rise and evolve and the need to adopt social interconnections and physical elements to nature, through an integrated platform.

Site is surrounded by residential and significant part of industrial zone of Badalona.

In strategic thinking it was important to integrate the grey zone with the main project site area. Consequently, abandoned spaces are used in a form of urban acupuncture, by creating workshop spaces, interactive activities and pocket parks.

Moreover, main project focus is to revitalize the lifeless concrete mass of the Power Plant into a new contemporary museum.

Fig.10. Axonometric view of the site proposal 14

Museum

BRIDGING THE COMMUNAL GAP

FABRICATING OPPORTUNITIES

GREEN CONNECT

Overcoming barriers

Housing and commercial

Comprehending flora and fauna

Interlinkage

Culture, art and sport

Coastal sustainability

Interconnection

Workshops and Pop-up businesses

Urban greening

Fig.11. Three main keywords explaining site proposal 15

Master Plan The master plan is showcasing two different levels: natural and green ground level and an elevated level.

Project’s main feature is an elevated walkway extending from upper industrial zone towards the lower seaside area. The platform is allowing the visitor to overcome the barrier of an existing railway and creates gateways to the 3X. The walkway creates a journey that starts from green zones to the rooftop garden, reaching the station and extending towards the chimneys all the way to the Parc del Fòrum. It creates an interactive space with seating, popup shops and cafes. The platform has different viewpoints and levels, reaching its peek around the chimneys. New functions have been proposed to the chimneys along side with residential and sport amenities.

Fig.12. Master plan

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Fig.13. Site section showing the relationship with the neighborhood - green connect park leading towards the bay

Fig.14. Site section showing the relationship between new built areas and platform 17

Coast Dune Process

Fig.15. Diagrams explaining development of the dunes Fig.18. View of the woodland park

Fig.19. Rooftop garden Fig.16. Vegetation catalog

Fig.17.Vegetation map 18

Fig.21. View of the elevated walkway towards the beach

Fig.20. Master plan zoom in: platform viewpoints

Fig.22. Section indicating the flow of the platform towards the sand dune and costal area

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Platform Details

Fig.23. Three dimensional section of the platform - type 1

Fig.25. View of the platform in relation with the city

Fig.24. Three dimensional section of the platform - type 2

Fig.26. View of the platorm 20

Introduction to the 3X

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Les Tres Xemeneies

The History of the Power Plant

The Three Chimney of Sant Adrià de Besòs are monumental forms on the coastline of Barcelona, reaching the height of 200 meters. Along with the turbine hall they are a part of a former thermal power plant. The chimneys are constructed in an interesting way were they transmit weight and strength on all sides. They are made of a single material - concrete which directly solves supports that are able to accommodate the machines and elevators (important elements used in chimney’s primary function). Now empty and without given function, they are waiting for an implementation of new ideas to be enlivened.

Sant Adrià de Besòs had a low population rate, mainly dedicated to the field activities, that constituted majority of its land. The arrival of the first thermal power plant (conventional coal cycle power plant, owned by Energía Eléctrica de Cataluña), doubled the population in a very short time and many began to earn a living thanks to the industry. Later on in 1970s, as the industry developed, construction of current three chimneys along with the turbine hall (Muñoz, 2013).

The perception the three chimneys give is almost as visiting another monument or art installation, where they have and can, even more, accentuate the cultural and artistic characteristic. Additionally, it is not quite known what exact kind of beauty the chimneys have, but they certainly have more than any of Barcelona’s coastal skyscrapers.(Monteys, 2014).

Fig.27. View of the area Even without any interventions, the 3X are outstanding and more interesting to look at and wonder about than many tall modern high-rise buildings in the area.

Fig.30. Working chimneys in 20th century

Known as a reference point for sailors and the tallest structure in Barcelona metropolitan area, visible from great distance, they are forming an eminent part of the urban panorama of Badalona.

Fig.29. First thermal power plant in Sant Adrià de Besòs (1928) The thermal plant caused many incidents, from protests of workers (leading even to death of one of the workers) to a great environmental catastrophes.

Numerous residents of Sant Adrià about several episodes of ‘‘black rain’’ led to sanctioning file of the Department of the Environment of the Generalitat of Catalonia. This forced Fecsa-Endesa to definitively close group II of the industry in 2002.

(La Vanguardia, 2002).

Sant Adrià de Besòs started producing electricity in 1913 and continued so until April 2011, when Endesa put all ends on the operation of Central Térmica de Sant Adrià de Besòs. In 2016, the power plant was given to the council and later on gained heritage protection(Cedó, 2016).

Fig.28. Existing state of the power plant 22

Fig.31. Article about the construction of the Thermal Power Plant

with adjacent

years

Fig.32. Historical evolution

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Current State

Fig.33. Existing structure of the chimney

Fig.35. View of the existing state of the chimneys

Fig.34. Existing condition of the turbine hall

Fig.36. Existing condition of the chimneys

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n

+200.00

Top

+200.00

Top

+95.70

Roof 2

+95.70

Roof 2

+40.00

Roof 1

+40.00

Roof 1

+18.00

Second floor

+18.00

Second floor

+13.20

First floor

+13.20

First floor

+7.00

Ground floor

+7.00

Ground floor

+3.70

Terrain level

+3.70

Terrain level

+4.70 +4.70

±0.00

Fig.37. Section of existing state of the Power Plant

±0.00

Fig.38. Elevation of existing state of the Power Plant

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3D-05

Fig.40. View of existing voids

Perspective

1:136.22

Generic Perspective

1:100

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Fig.41. View of existing columns

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Fig.39. Axonometric view of exisitnigAxonometry condition

Fig.42. View of existing chimney

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Project References

+4.70

Fig.43. Exisiting floorplans 27

Fig.44. Tate Modern (London) -Former Bankside Power Station Culture, leasure, education

Fig.45. Tabakelera (San Sebastián, Spain) - Former tabacco factory Culture, leasure, education 28

Fig.46. Fabra i Coats: Fábrica de Creación (Barcelona, Spain) -Former textile factory Culture, leasure, education

Fig.48. Innovation Powerhouse (Eindhoven, Netherlands)- Former Philips Power Plant Product, innovation

Fig.47. Kearny Point (Kearny, NJ, America) - Fromer shipyard Culture, leasure, product 29

Concept and Design

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Master Plan Phases

Phase 1 Fig.49. Master plan phase 1

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First section of the platform Three Chimneys First part of residential zone

Phase 2 Fig.50. Master plan phase 2

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Second section of the platform Modification of train station Green accupuntue Second part of residential zone

Phase 3 Fig.51. Master plan phase 3

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Third section of the platform Sports facilities

3X Concept - Power Plant as a Contemporary Museum

ELEVATED WALKWAY

TURBINE HALL

3X

-creates a journey around the site - leading visitors to the chimneys

- spaces transformed into a new contemporary museum allowing different experiences

- extension of artisctic center - chimney as an exhibiton room, performance box and city view restaurant

- creates a focal point in front of the chimneys - merges with the structure of the chimneys and the turbine hall creating constant flow

Platform and connectons

Art exhibition spaces

Workshop and library

Art exhibition spaces

Gathering places

Auditorium for events and seating

Bar and restaurant

Spaces for art performances Fig.52. Museum development concept 34

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Fig.53. Master plan phase 1

Phase 1

EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

Moreover, it includes development of green acupuncture in the existing industrial part of area. Lastly, Phase 3 includes creation of the sports complex, platform continues along the coastline connecting the site to the Forum, across the river.

EXHIBITION BOX INFORMATION

Platform, beside the reconstruction of the Three Chimneys, is an important feature for the vision of the master plan development. The important idea for the project development is dividing the plan into 3 different phases. Phase 1 includes the reconstruction of the power plant, segment of the platform (creating a first gate towards the 3X and breaking the barrier of the railway) and a first residential zone. Phase 2 includes development of the second and third (reconstruction of the train station) gateway to the 3X as well as the second part of the residential complex.

EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

Main focus for further design is on the Phase 1, where the platform is merging with the structure of the Three Chimneys. Image on the right is showing the connection with the site area as well as the turbine hall, making the main entry level, the level of the elevated walkway.

Fig.54. Connection of the platfrom with the first floor of the turbine hall 35

Fig.55. Turbine hall section with the platform context

Fig.55. Turbine hall section in relation to the platform

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Connection and Flow

Voids Existing elements of columns and voids are the main characteristics of the interior of turbine hall. These voids have an important role in organisation and adaptability of the spaces and creating a more open environment.

Additionally, preservation of a heritage is an important part of the design. The design idea proposes the neccessity of introducing the funcition to the space avoiding the strong and significant distrotion of the existing.

One of the important aspects for the concept develompment for the turbine hall is creating a constant connection and flow between spaces. Moreover, the idea of platform continues from different levels of the turbine and becomes integrated in the interior, constructing a link between indoor and outdoor experience.

Fig.56. Proposed connections inside the turbine hall

Fig.57. System of voids inside the turbine hall

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Version WORKSHOP STORAGE

WORKSHOP

LIBRARY MUSEUM CAFÉ

SEMINAR ROOM WORKSHOP

OFFICE

EXHIBITION BOX (HISTORY)

SHOP

Fig.58. Ground floor +3.10m

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Version EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX INFORMATION

EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

Fig.59. First floor +7.00m

39

EXHIBITION BOX

Version EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX EXHIBITION BOX

EXHIBITION BOX

PLATFORM +13.20

Fig.60. Second floor +13.20m

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EXHIBITION BOX

Version AUDIOVISUAL ARTS

AUDIOVISUAL ARTS

Fig.61.Third floor +18.00m

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AUDIOVISUAL ARTS

Version

Fig.62. Third floor +21.00m

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GSEducationalVersion EXHIBITION CHIMNEY

ART PERFORMANCE

www.archweb.it

STORAGE

STORAGE

Chimneys serve as an extension of museum. The first chimney, facing the city, is becoming an exhibition box, the third chimney is dedicated to hosting performance art and lastly, the middle chimney has a function of a restaurant offering the highest of the site and the city.

Fig.63. Chimeneys floorplans +71.5m

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Floors of the turbine hall are giving different experiences dependent of the function. The highest floor is integrating the interior platform that is also connecting the interior with the chimney allowing a new viewpoint of the site. High celling is creating a space for larger sculptures and hanging art.

On the first and second floor spaces are dedicated for exhibitions with programmed spaces (exhibition boxes) and free spaces. First floor serves as a main entry floor and is directly connected to the outside platform making direct connection with all three chimneys.

Area for different interactions are based on the ground floor. It proposes integrated spaces for offices, workshops and library but also a leisure spot as a cafe.

Exhibition boxes are creating programmed zones on each floor from diverse art, audiovisual arts to history corner (educational references regarding the power plant and its heritage status).

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Fig.64. Exploded view diagram

Fig.65. Section of the three chimneys 44

Interior Features Exhibition box

Interior platform

Exhibition boxes are new semi closed spaces in the interior (excluding audiovisual rooms that are fully closed spaces), allowing smooth transition between programs on each floor. These structures are creating specifically themed areas for display.

Final floor of the turbine hall, with its high ceiling, is a space dedicated to showcase forms like sculptures and installations. Interior platform is creating a gallery space allowing the visitors to explore the art in different levels. It also merges with the first main exhibition chimney.

Fig.66. View of an exhibition box

Fig.68. View of the interior platfrom

Auditorium

Outdoor platform

The idea of an auditorium as a lounge area is proposed, that serves also as a connection of the first (main entrance) floor to the second floor of the turbine hall. This zone leaves the space for the possibilities of spontaneous events and presentations.

The main platform structure continues through the turbine hall, enabling for the outdoor and indoor spaces to connect on different levels.

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Fig.67. Lounge area

Fig.69. View of the connecting elevated walkway

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Fig.70. Turbine hall section

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Fig.71. South East elevation

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Elevation System

The project proposes new additions to the facade system. The idea is partly following the previous state of the turbine hall, however with an emphasis on new light and climate conditions.

Additionally, the goal is to create a better connection between the inner and outer spaces, platform and building itself.

South East elevation becomes a focal point of the turbine hall. Moreover, both North East and specifically South West elevation are more open, becoming less of a barrier, fabricating an extended outlook from the inside.

Type 1 Framed windows

Diagrams on the left are showing different types of opening: framed windows with an alignment with outer walls and external column edge, and the framed windows and doors with the vertical louver extension.

Type 2 Windows with vertical louvers

New shading is an important addition to the system is placement of vertical louvers on parts of South East and South West elevation, as a thermal regulator of the structure.

Type 3 Framed doors

Type 4 Framed doors with vertical louvers

Fig.72. Diagram showing facade openings and vertical louver additions

Fig.73. Vertical louver detail GSEducationalVersion

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Fig.74. South West elevation

Fig.75. North East elevation

Fig.76. North West elevation

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Fig.77. Turbine hall section

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Fig.78. Exhibition box

Fig.80. Exhibition chimney

Fig.79. Turbine hall sculpture and installation area

Fig.81. Turbine hall interior

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Fig.82. New proposal of the power plant 51

Bibliography (2018) Procès de Participació Ciutadana del PDU de Les Tres Xemeneies Seminari 1 El Futur de Les 3 Xemeneies, Generalitat de Catalunya Arriola, A. (2021) Projects Around 3 Xemeneies Cedó,F. (2016), Endesa cede las tres chimeneas a Sant Adrià, La Vanguardia, available:https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/barcelona/20160402/40823202993/ endesa-cede-chimeneas-sant-adria. html (Last accessed 16 November 2021) Central térmica de San Adrián, available:https://www.wikiwand.com/ es/Central_t%C3%A9rmica_de_San_ Adri%C3%A1n (Last accessed 16 November 2021) Colomer, G. (2012) Reconversió de la central tèrmica de Sant Adrià del Besós en centre de creació artística, Master thesis, UPCommons, available: https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2099.1/15955 (Last accessed March 10 2022) Monteys, X. (2014) Tres gegants, El País, available: https://elpais. com/ccaa/2014/04/24/catalunya/1398344211_345692.html (Last accessed 16 November 2021) Muñoz, J. (2013), El final de un siglo de luz en Sant Adrià, La Vanguardia , available: https://www.lavanguard i a . c o m / l o c a l / b a r c e lones-nord/20130405/54369454612/siglo-luz-sant-adria.html (Last accessed16 November 2021) Sierra, L. (2002), La Generalitat ordena cerrar una torre de la térmica de Sant Adrià, La Vanguardia, available: http://hemeroteca-paginas.lavan guardia.com/LVE01/PUB/2002/09/24/ LVG200209240052VB.pdf (Last accessed 16 November 2021) 52

Urban Living Lab (2015) Tres Xemeneies de Sant Adriá, available: http://www.urbanlivinglab.net/tag/tres-xemeneies-desant-adria/ (Last accessed 16 November 2021) Xicola, J. (2020) Reutilització de la Central Tèrmica de Sant Adrià del Besòs en Museu d’Art Contemporani, Bachelor thesis, UPCommons, available: https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/337010 (Last accessed March 12 2022)