String format
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Python
Python
String formatting is also known as String interpolation It is the process of inserting a custom string or variable in predefined text today in this example below we will learn about Python String format. custom string = "String formatting" print(f"{custom string} is a powerful technique")
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String formatting is a powerful technique
As a data scientist,
would use
inserting a title in
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graph, show a message
an error, or pass a statement to a function.
Python String format Methods for formatting
string
String.Format Method
We put placeholders defined by a pair of curly braces in a text so We call the string dot format method.
we pass the desired value into the method
The method replaces the placeholders using the values in the order of appearance replace by value:
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Positional Formatting
Let’s define a string and insert two placeholders
We pass two strings to the method, which will be passed to get the following output:
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you
it for
a
or
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Positional formatting Formatted
literals Template method
Then,
'text{}'.format(value)
as
print("Machine learning provides {} the ability to lear
Machine learning provides systems the ability to learn
Now, we can use variables for both the string and the values passed to the method.
also In the below example code, we define a string with placeholders and two other variables.
Because We apply the format method to the string using the two defined variables.
so, The method reads the string and replaces the placeholders with the given values.
my string = "{} rely on {} datasets" method = "Supervised algorithms" condition = "labeled" print(my string.format(method, condition))
Supervised algorithms rely on labeled datasets
Python String format Reordering Values
In the below example, you add index numbers into the placeholders to reorder values
This affects the order in which the method replaces the placeholders
Because The method replaces them with the values in the given order
print("{} has a friend called {} and a sister called {}
Betty has a friend called Linda and a sister called Dai
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If we add the index numbers, the replacement order changes accordingly.
print("{2} has a friend called {0} and a sister called
Daisy has a friend called Betty and a sister called Lin
Python String format Name Placeholders
We can also introduce keyword arguments that are called by their keyword name.
In the example code below, we inserted keywords in the placeholders.
Then, we call these keywords in the format method.
We then assign which variable will be passed for each of them, resulting in the following output.
tool="Unsupervised algorithms" goal="patterns" print("{title} try to find {aim} in the dataset".format(t
Unsupervised algorithms try to find patterns in the dat
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Let’s examine this code below We have defined a dictionary with keys: tool and goal.
my methods = {"tool": "Unsupervised algorithms", "goal"
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Because We want to insert their values in a string.
Inside the placeholders, we can specify the value associated with the key tool of the variable data using bracket notation.
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0:00
Data is the dictionary specified in the method, and the tool is the key present in that dictionary.
print('{data[tool]} try to find {data[goal]} in the dat
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So, we get the desired output shown below. Be careful! You need to specify the index without using quotes
Unsupervised algorithms try to find patterns in the dat
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Format Specifier
We can also specify the format specifies inside curly braces
This defines how individual values are presented. Here, we’ll use the syntax index colon specifier
One of the most common format specifiers is float represented by f In the code, we specify that the value passed with the index 0 will be a float.
print("Only {0:f}% of the {1} produced worldwide is {2}
Only 0.515567% of the data produced worldwide is analyz
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so, We could also add .2f indicating that we want the float to have two decimals, as seen in the resulting output.
print("Only {0:.2f}% of the {1} produced worldwide is {
Only 0.52% of the data produced worldwide is analyzed!
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Formatting datetime
Python has a module called DateTime that allows us to, for example, to get the time and date for today.
from datetime import datetime print(datetime.now())
2020 08 08 06:28:42.715243
But since the format returned is very particular, you could use the format specifier such as %y %m %d %h %m to adjust the format to something more familiar to us!
print("Today's date is {:%Y %m %d %H:%M}".format(dateti
Today's date is 2020-08-08 06:29
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Interactive Example
In the following example, you will assign the substrings going from the 4th to the 19th character, and from the 22nd to the 44th character of wikipedia article to the variables first pos and second pos , respectively Adjust the strings so they are lowercase. Finally, print the variables first pos and second pos
# Assign the substrings to the variables first pos = wikipedia article[3:19].lower()
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When we run the above code, it produces the following result: computer science artificial intelligence
Try it for yourself
To learn more about positional formatting, please see this video from our course, Regular Expressions in Python
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This content is taken from DataCamp’s Regular Expressions in Python course by Maria Eugenia Inzaugarat.
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second pos = wikipedia article[21:44].lower()
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