ISTTE 2019 Conference Program

38th Annual ISTTE Conference Exploring the Frontiers of Tourism Education

September 21-25, 2019 Vancouver, Canada - Sailing to Alaska 

Table of Contents 1

ISTTE Board of Directors

2

Schedule at a Glance

4

Saturday, September 21

5

Sunday, September 22

6

Monday, September 23

19

Tuesday, September 24

20

Thank you to Our Partners

29

President’s Message

President’s Message Welcome to ISTTE 2019! It is hard to believe that almost a decade has passed since I was first elected to the ISTTE Board of Directors.

That was 2010 and we sailed to Mexico with our ISTTE family.

It is all together fitting that I end my last term as President upon the Golden Princess as we sail to Alaska to explore new frontiers in tourism education. I hope you are as excited about this adventure as I am! Being together each year with all of you has made me a better leader, follower, manager and - above all - a better educator.

That is, of course, why I joined ISTTE 15 years ago. I knew this was the right association for someone like me, then just barely having stepped foot into my academic career. I met people at the conference that year that have become more than just colleagues - you are my extended family - and I have been fortunate to add many more since.

I sincerely hope that you take the time at this and future ISTTE conferences to meet new people and form the bonds with them that many of us hold so dear. To me, this is what makes ISTTE so very different from other education associations. We may only see each other once or twice a year, but it feels like coming home.

With Warms Regards,

Niki Davis  

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ISTTE Board of Directors Chairman of the Board Dominic Dillane School of Hospitality Management and Tourism Dublin Institute of Technology Ireland

President Nicole Davis Hospitality, Tourism, and Event Planning Southern Illinois University USA

Vice President & Conference Chair Janet Zinck Hospitality Monroe Community College USA

Secretary/Treasurer & Program Co-Chair Stacy Tomas School of Hospitality and Tourism Management University of Oklahoma USA

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Executive Director Joann Bruss

Program Co-Chair Miriam (Mimi) Gough

ISTTE

Purdue University Global

Directors at Large Liping Cai Purdue University USA

Mark Meng Indiana University Kokomo USA

Jeremy Clement College of Charleston USA

Kara Wolfe, Journal Editor Bradley University USA

Myunghwa (Michelle) Kang University of Nebraska-Lincoln USA

Zongqing Zhou Niagara University USA

Hanno Martens Cologne Business School Germany

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Schedule at a Glance Saturday, September 21 5:30 PM

Meet and Greet

7:15 PM

Dinner

Wheelhouse Bar

Sunday, September 22 8:30-8:50 AM

Conference Opening

Hearts and Minds Chapel

9:00-11:50 AM

Concurrent Sessions

Various

12:00-1:00 PM

Lunch

1:00-1:50 PM

Poster Session

Skywalkers 2

2:05-4:00 PM

Concurrent Sessions

Various

7:15 PM

Dinner

Deck 15

Deck 17

Monday, September 23 9:30 AM

Galley Tour

Meeting Location TBD

10:45 AM

Educational Excursion

Ketchican, Alaska

7:15 PM

Dinner

Tuesday, September 24 9:00-11:50 AM

Concurrent Sessions

Various

12:00-1:00 PM

Lunch

1:00-4:00 PM

Concurrent Sessions

Various

5:30-6:30 PM

Closing Reception

Vista Show Lounge

7:15 PM

Dinner

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Saturday, September 21 5:30 PM Meet and Greet

Catch up with ISTTE friends and pick up your registration materials. Dinner to follow.

Cash bar.

LOCATION: Wheelhouse Bar, Deck 7

7:15 PM Dinner

The dinner location will be available on your key cards upon check-in. ISTTE will be seated together.


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Sunday, September 22

8:30-8:50 AM Welcome and Opening Remarks LOCATION: Hearts and Minds Chapel, Deck 15

9:00-9:50 AM Research Paper Presentations 1 MOBILE SAVVY SENIORS: A UNIQUE SEGMENT FROM CHINA Shweta Singh, Purdue University, USA Jieyu Shi, Purdue University, USA Jianan Zhang, Purdue University, USA Liping A. Cai, Purdue University, USA Emergent socio-economic, political changes and shift is family structure in urban China is shaping a newfangled group of Chinese seniors. The liu shou lao ren, or the "left behind" elderly in urban China are finding solace in social media as a medium to connect with their loved one. Recent efforts from the Chinese government, dedicated to educating seniors in Beijing on the use of smartphones has brought a shift in the use of technology and mobile phones by urban seniors. The present study identifies an emergent sub-segment of Chinese seniors within the urban population based on their MIT use and attempts to present insights into the behavioral attributes specific to this market. This study used the social media mobile application, WeChat to survey MIT enabled Chinese senior travelers. Participants were recruited from urban cities in China via snowball sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed to answer the following question, Who is the new age, mobile-savvy Chinese seniors? Are they breaking the stereotypes of traditional Chinese senior outbound travelers? How is MIT effecting the travel behaviors of this segment?

IMPACTS OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Yunpeng Li, Capital University of Economics and Business, China Liu Liu, Capital University of Economics and Business, China Page 6

This paper discusses the fundamental impacts of future technologies in the tourism industry, including the mobile internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, block chains, 5G and others. Such technologies influence the tourism products and services, bringing profound changes to the operation and management of tourism. This paper reviews the impacts of technologies from five perspectives: 1) the tourism market will be more subdivided, meanwhile the changing market will promote technological innovations. 2) the core values of tourism experiences, especially cultural-related values, will be delivered on technological devices. 3) the protection and development of cultural and tourism resources will be enhanced with the information easily communicated on devices. 4) with the information becoming more symmetrical on the buyer and seller sides, the tourism market order and credibility will be improved. 5) a new business model featuring tourism sharing will take up a large portion of the market.

TYPE: Full Papers LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

Workshop 1 EVENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICUM DEVELOPMENT: FLIPPING THE PRODUCTION, FLIPPING THE EVENT Jeremy Clement, College of Charleston, USA Event Management Practicum Development: Flipping the Production, Flipping the Event: An exploration of the progression of practical event management planning and production courses offered as a supplementary means of event management curriculum delivery through a four year hospitality and tourism management degree program. This workshop will explore the evolution of event practicum curriculum out of event management coursework at the College of Charleston, in SC, USA. An overview of the development of event options from in class events to private sector collaborations will be reviewed; successes, failures and progressive development will be analyzed during the course of the workshop. The workshop will focus specifically on most recent event efforts to ‘flip’ the traditional career fair and outcomes derived from this effort.

Beginning with in class practical event planning and production, and evolving to student led, student produced events over the course of several years; the event

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practicum has become an incredibly effective tool in the delivery of event management education. The workshop will review the practical efforts of students over the course of several years. Attendees will review guiding documents, syllabi and assignment parameters along with student-produced event supporting documentation, photos and examples of student work for events and student reports regarding their experiences.

LOCATION: Hearts and Minds Chapel, Deck 15

10:00-10:50 AM Research Paper Presentations 2 TASTE THE FREE STATE - THE QUEST TO ASCERTAIN A FOOD IDENTITY FOR THE FREE STATE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Lisa-Mari Coughlan, Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), South Africa Johan Hattingh, Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), South Africa The tourism industry is a major contributor to the global economy and an employer of millions. Food forms a major part of tourism and food tourism is a growing sector.

Numerous destinations have actively promoted their food and benefitted from it, but this is not the case in the Free State province, South Africa. The Free State is one of the least visited provinces in the country and the province with the highest unemployment rate. The province also has no clear food identity when compared to the Western Cape and its’ Cape Malay cuisine or KwaZulu-Natal and its’ unique Indian dishes. This paper will aim to address establishing a food identity for the Free State province to drive a “Taste the Free State” campaign, empower local small food businesses, draw more tourists to the province and ultimately create more jobs in the tourism sector in the Free State.

DESTINATION IMAGE: IMPACTS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION AND STEREOTYPING Dori Davari, Purdue University, USA Liping Cai, Purdue University, USA Destination image is a major distinguishing factor in tourism, perhaps more so than in other sectors of the global economy. Tourists choose their destination in a stepwise process, which involves such factors as expectations, preferences, and perceptions of the destination. Various constructs have been formulated for a cause-and-effect

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relationship between destination image and travel intention. Key concepts in previous studies include loyalty, comparing expectations with experiences, cognition, and satisfaction—all likely to be applicable to potential tourists who have already been to a destination or at least have a relatively clear idea about it. What appears to be understudied is how factors shaping perceptions about a location affect travel intentions to that specific destination for the first time. This research aims to determine how stereotyping—involving over-generalized beliefs—alongside the mere exposure effect via prior social interaction with natives of a destination impacts pretravel perceptions and travel intentions. Employing the critical incident technique (CIT), scholars and professionals, who tend to travel internationally to attend events in other countries, will be interviewed concerning the image they have about a specific country.

DOMESTIC VERSUS INTERNATIONAL VISITORS: WHO WOULD BE LESS LOYAL AFTER A TRADER HARASSMENT EPISODE? Annmarie Nicely, Purdue University, USA The goal of the study was to determine whether tourist type (domestic versus international) could predict a visitor’s loyalty intention toward a destination after a trader harassment (TH) episode. In particular, his or her likely to return to the destination, recommend the destination to others and support its micro-traders in the future when the following are statistically controlled the visitor’s: age, gender, previous visit to the location (yes or no), region of birth, and intensity of TH personally experienced. Also, both independent t-test and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the responses to the study’s 304 surveys. Tourist type (domestic versus international) was found to be a significant predictor of only the visitor’s intention to support the destination’s micro-traders. In fact, domestic tourists were found to be significantly less likely to support micro-traders after a TH incident than international tourists. Hence, the next step is to ascertain why.

TYPE: Working Papers LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

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Workshop 2 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS BEYOND EXCHANGE: FROM DUAL-DEGREES TO MICRO-CAMPUSES Florian Hummel, IUBH University of Applied Sciences International collaboration is an area that does not only bring growth to schools and departments but also widens the educational scope and activities of an institution.

While student exchange is one driver for this, more advanced models of cooperation and collaboration are emerging that bring enhanced benefits, such as dual degree programmers as well as micro-campus offerings through international partners. This workshop aims to discuss the opportunities and challenges of these developments.

LOCATION: Hearts and Minds Chapel, Deck 15

11:00-11:50 AM Research Paper Presentations 3 A CASE STUDY IN ESTABLISHING EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING PEDAGOGIES FOR TOURISM STUDIES AT THE TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SOUTH AFRICA Beverly M. Makopo, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Jacqueline Mangwane, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Employers within the tourism industry demand workforce that have versatile skills to make well-informed decisions, to anticipate future challenges, and to work in collaboration to solve inevitable challenges and business threats. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to establish effective teaching and learning pedagogies for tourism studies at the Tshwane University of Technology. It may be true that most studies recommend student-centered pedagogy to replace traditional teachercentered pedagogy, but, few studies indicate that if these two pedagogies are well integrated, they can improve and ensure effective learning. Combination of these pedagogies results in ‘centered’ classroom which suggests that teachers should carefully adapt their pedagogical approaches based on available resources that stimulate effective learning. In order to meet the needs of the 21st century employers and students, technology must be integrated in the learning environment. These

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suggests that teachers need to advance their pedagogical competences to produce versatile graduates.

TEACHING WITHOUT TEXTBOOK: TRANSFORMATIVE CASE STUDY OF INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MANAGEMENT Jieyu (Jade) Shi, Purdue University, USA Jianan Zhang, Purdue University, USA Liping A. Cai, Purdue University, USA The rapid changing of the world requires both instructors and students to integrate the changes into their teaching and learning styles. The advanced technology is one of the representative factors underlining the shift. This study is conducted as a case study to adapt the traditional instructor-driven teaching to student-oriented active learning by redesigning the course of Introduction to Tourism Management through determining the scope of learning and teaching materials without the textbook and designing how students are engaged in gathering and disseminating the materials.

Removing outdated textbook, the redesigned course invites students to utilize the Internet and online resources that they are familiar with and participate in the process of creating learning materials. With redesigned teaching and learning materials and knowledge delivery methods, students are able to play with the elements of the tourism system on the platform and obtain the ownership throughout the process, and ultimately achieve active learning.

TYPE: Full Papers LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

12:00-1:00 PM Lunch

Please enjoy lunch with friends and family

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1:00-1:50 PM

Lunch

Poster Session VISITORS’ BELIEFS AS MODERATOR TO THE EFFECT OF HARASSMENT INTENSITY ON THEIR LOYALTY INTENTIONS Shweta Singh, Purdue University, USA Annmarie Nicely, Purdue University, USA Tourism is the key driver of growth as one of the major contributors to GDP and employment in developing countries. Despite tremendous efforts dedicated to the development of tourism, issues, such as trader harassment [TH] encumber the efforts.

Given the prominence of tourism for the economic and social growth of the country, maintaining a positive image and a loyal customer base becomes crucial. This study aims to understand the relationship between the intensity of TH experience and the loyalty intention in visitors and, to determine the moderating role of visitors’ beliefs about the incidence, after having experienced harassment at a destination. A pilot study was conducted on individuals that had personally experienced intense TH while on vacation over the last five years but would return to the destination, recommend the destination to others and/or support traders in the future. Based on the finding of the pilot study, in tendon with the literature review, current study hypothesizes that, 1) the intensity of TH experienced [THI ] at a destination will be a significant predictor of visitors’ loyalty intentions, and 2) this relationship would be moderated by beliefs held by the visitors about the TH incidence at the destination. The study will empirically test the proposed framework with a comparison between two distinct destinations, India and Mexico. Since there is no existing instrument to measure THI, the study also undertakes to generate and statistically validate an instrument.

FINANCIAL WELLNESS TRAINING: PERCEPTIONS OF HOSPITALTIY STAKEHOLDERS Susan Gordon, Purdue University, USA Many hospitality and tourism industry employees struggle financially, which can result in lower overall wellbeing and negatively impact organizational outcomes. However, if organizations offered financial wellness training and programs, employees could improve their wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to uncover the financial wellbeing perceptions and needs of future employees (college students), current employees, and human resource managers. Future and current hospitality employees will be surveyed regarding their financial education needs. Through the Delphi method, hospitality human resource managers will be surveyed to build consensus Page 12

about their perceptions of employees’ financial education needs and the current and potential resources offered by their organizations. Results will lead to strategies that organizations can employ to help employees improve their financial wellbeing and that university hospitality and tourism management programs can use to educate students.

VIRTUAL REALITY VISUALIZATIONS VERSUS TRADITIONAL VISUALIZATIONS IN HOTEL WEBSITE SETTINGS Lisa Slevitch, Oklahoma State University, USA Tilanka Chandreasekera, Oklahoma State University, USA The objective of the current study was to investigate how VR visualizations compare to photos as a marketing tool for hotels. The specific research questions were: (1) how do VR visualizations compare to traditional visualizations in terms of emotional responses? (2) how do VR visualizations compare to traditional visualizations in terms of evaluative responses? (3) how do VR visualizations compare to traditional visualizations in terms of task efforts and experiences associated with technology? A quasi-experimental study was conducted to answer on the questions stated above. A boutique hotel lobby and a guest room were captured as traditional photos, panoramic photos, and as VR visualizations. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three types of visualizations. The sample comprised of 144 Midwestern university undergraduate students. Parametric and non-parametric tests were conducted. The three conditions demonstrated statistically significant differences for several variables. VR condition group were more hopeful, excited, and aroused.

However, no statistically significant differences were detected in evaluative responses such as positive feelings about staying in the hotel, closeness to an ideal hotel, and likelihood to choose the hotel. Additionally, the respondents viewed VR visualizations as more demanding in terms of usage. The findings suggest that usage of VR visualizations as a promotional tool on hotel websites would not be more effective that traditional photos. Limitations of the current study include using students as a proxy for general population of travelers, small sample size, and narrow conditional scope. Those limitations should be addressed in the future studies.

RESIDENTS’ PERCEIVED IMPACTS AND SUPPORT FOR EVENTS: A DUAL THEORY APPROACH Xu Li, South Dakota State University, USA Stella Liu, South Dakota State University, USA

Event tourism has been growing fast in recent years. Built upon the existing literature, this research proposes an integrated approach to understanding residents’ perceived Page 13

impacts of events from both individual and community perspectives. Accordingly, the relationship between residents’ attitude and perceived impacts is examined at both individual and community levels. The findings will deepen our understanding of the impacts of events on host community and promote the long-term success and sustainability of event tourism destinations.

VOLUNTEERS’ MOTIVATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP ON COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND SUPPORT SoJung Lee, Iowa State University, USA Miran Kim, Michigan State University, USA Jichul Jang, Kansas State University, USA Linda Niehm, Iowa State University, USA A rural festival can be an important contributor to a community’s resource base and a means of sustainable community development. Many rural festivals rely heavily on volunteers to remain viable. However, there is limited understanding regarding the role of volunteers in rural community events and their impact on civic life and local leadership development. The primary purpose of this research is to identify the role and impact of festival volunteers on sustainable rural community development using a community capitals perspective. Nine rural festivals in Iowa, Michigan, and Kansas will be selected for the proposed study. Surveys will be distributed to festival volunteers in summer 2019. Findings will portray the current opportunities and challenges of managing volunteers in rural festivals.

IDEOLOGY AND CROSS-CULTURAL AWARENESS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL SCIENCE: DOING AND COMMUNICATING TOURISM RESEARCH ACROSS LANGUAGES Honggen Xiao, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China This study will focus on English-as-native-language (ENL) and English-as-second/ foreign-language (ESL/EFL) tourism researchers doing, publishing and presenting their work in the “glocal” (global-local) media or language contexts. Instead of the conventional quantifiable indicators such as impact factors or H index, results of this study will provide empirical insights into conceptual understanding of “glocalization” (or global-local tensions and dynamics), internationalization and crosscultural awareness, and ideology and value-based research in contemporary social science. The proposed undertaking aims: 1) To identify and describe “glocal” tourism researchers and research communities, 2) To identify and describe the role(s) of language in “glocal” tourism research communication, and 3) To gain insights into notions such as ideologies, value systems, internationalization and cross-cultural Page 14

awareness in “glocal” tourism research and communication. Accordingly, its research questions will encompass: 1) ENL/ESL/EFL tourism researchers? Who they are, what they do, what challenges they face? 2) What constitutes global/local tourism research communities? 3) What is internationalization in tourism research, and what determines the process? 4) What is the role of language(s) in tourism research? 5) What are the manifestations of ideology and value in doing and communicating tourism research?

LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

2:05-2:55 PM Research Paper Presentations 4 FACTORS AFFECTING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ USE OF CTRIP WEBSITE: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Ai Xu, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai, China Junsheng Kuang, Durham University, Durham, UK College students are becoming important consumers of online travel products and services. Consequently, it is important to understand the consumption attitude, motivation and the factors affecting college students’ use of tourism websites. We conducted a survey among college students from several Chinese universities. The survey included 8 basic questions and a Likert Scale with 25 items measuring website usability, information quality, website security, etc. Data were collected using an online survey tool and posted on social media vehicles. A total of 206 valid responses were obtained. The descriptive statistics and the results from a stepwise regression analysis show that social group influence, website information quality, website backend support ability, website security and monthly living expenses are positively correlated to the students’ use of Ctrip website. Interestingly, this study shows no significant relationship between website usability and the use of Ctrip website. The findings of this study are important for tourism businesses seeking to improve their website design, marketing strategies and online services.

USING SMARTPHONES AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST PEDAGOGICAL TOOL FOR INQUIRY-SUPPORTED PROBLEM-SOLVING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Melissa Jeanette Lötter,Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Lorette Jacobs, The Independent Institute of Education, South Africa

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To incorporate a rich, comprehensive and well-established framework for an advanced learning pedagogy, this study focuses on the use of smartphones as a social constructivism tool for inquiry-supported problem solving in a first-year adventure destinations module at a Tshwane Higher Education Institution (HEI).

Results obtained through quantitative data collection and analysis methods indicate that student learning is enhanced through the use of smartphones as a tool to promote collaborative learning. Findings propose the adoption of new technologies in the learning process, with adventure tourism students adjusting their social networking traditions to include academic learning practices, supported by tools that enhance collaborative/networked learning and teamwork. Findings also suggest that HEIs may potentially save costs by encouraging adventure tourism students to Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) for teaching and learning purposes. This will avail more funding to support students who do not own mobile technology tools. This will close the digital divide and increase the motivation for seeking lifelong learning opportunities.

TYPE: Full Papers LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

Workshop 3 LEVERAGING INTANGIBLE TOURISM ASSETS AGAINST ODDS: THE CASE OF PERSIAN HOSPITALITY Pooya Alaedini, University of Tehran, Iran Dori Davari, Purdue University, USA UNWTO recently held an event in Hamedan, Iran (12-14 November 2018), which was attended by a large number of tourism professionals—including the UNWTO Secretary-General. Iran was chosen for the event since UNWTO considers it, “a country endowed with rich cultural heritage and legacy of the remarkable Persian civilization.” Iran has significant tourism potentials that are yet to be fully realized. As evidence, UNESCO has recognized a total of 1,092 World Heritage Sites across 167 countries, twenty-two of which are located in Iran (ranked 8th in the world). This country offers significant intangible assets including Persian hospitality. Persian culture calls on Iranians to do their most to please their guests—a behavior that is called ta’arof in Persian. The Guardian newspaper has labeled this Persian word as one of the ten best words in the world that don’t translate into English: “… an etiquette that is seen almost in all aspects of Iranian life, from hosts insisting on guests taking more food from the table, to the exchange in bazaar.” The unique level of Page 16

hospitality Iranians express in domestic settings may be leveraged as an advantage for rebuilding a positive image for the country in the medium- to long-term. Yet, in the short-term it does create adequate grounds for attracting tourists. Many people don’t see Iran as a potential tourist destination and may have a vague image of it. Yet, almost everyone who travels to Iran for the first time—including celebrities—are likely to be surprised to find out that the reality is far from the image they had of the country prior to their trip. The reason that stands out most is “Persian hospitality.” Despite the relatively negative news coverage of Iran in terms of politics, Europeans—mainly highly educated and in their 60’s—have sustained travelling to Iran to visit the heritage of the “Persian Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C.” and the country’s enormous historical and cultural tourist attractions. Iran is expected to be in the “to go list” of tourism professionals, as well.

LOCATION: Sabatini's Trattoria, Deck 7

3:10-4:00 PM Workshop 4 WORKSHOP-STUDY ABROAD PEDAGOGY: EMPLOYING ACTIVE LEARNING AND REFLECTIVE LEARNING Susan Gordon, Purdue University, USA The purpose of this workshop is to discuss the use of active learning and reflective learning in a short-term study abroad program (1-3 weeks). Prior to a study abroad program, the use of active learning techniques can help students learn about the country where the program will take place and allow the students to form connections within the group before traveling. The actual study abroad program typically allows students to learn through their experiences and reflective learning takes this further when students are asked to think critically about these experiences.

Examples of active learning and reflective learning assignments employed in shortterm study abroad programs will be presented followed by a discussion among the participants of other techniques and their successes.

LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

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Workshop 5 HOW TO BUILD AN ONLINE CLASS Mimi Gough, Purdue University Global Nicole Davis, Southern Illinois University According to a recent article published by Inside Higher Ed (2018), one third of all students are taking at least one online class and without that option available, many colleges and universities would see their enrollment in decline. The question for those institutions who do not provide such an online offering is “where do we begin�?

This workshop will explore two different universities and their processes for developing online courses. While the workshop is geared toward an audience with no experience in this process, the presenters welcome everyone to participate so they can share their involvement and knowledge of online course development.

LOCATION: Sabatini's Trattoria, Deck 7

7:15 PM Dinner

The dinner location will be available on your key cards upon check-in. ISTTE will be seated together.

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Monday, September 23

9:30 AM Galley Tour Join us for a behind the scenes tour of the Golden Princess galley. Meeting location will be announce on Sunday.

10:45 AM Educational Excursion The Great Lumberjack Show A 1 1/2 hour long tour will depart from Ketchikan at 10:45 AM. The meeting time and location will be available in your cabin along with your tour tickets. We should arrive back in Ketchikan by 12:30 PM. The remainder of the day in port is at your leisure.

7:15 PM Dinner

The dinner location will be available on your key cards upon check-in. ISTTE will be seated together. 

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Tuesday, September 24 9:00-9:50 AM Research Paper Presentations 5 TOURISM DIVERSITY & INCLUSION IN THE U.S. PRESS: A TEXT MINING ANALYSIS Jianan Zhang, Purdue University, USA Liping Cai, Purdue University, USA The increasingly diverse tourism and hospitality industry requires stakeholders and policy makers to focus more on advocating and providing equal opportunities to all.

With the accessibility to the majority of population, mass media plays a prominent role in addressing social issues and promoting social changes. This study is designed to explore the themes of tourism and hospitality diversity and inclusion reported in the mainstream newspapers in the U.S. through a text mining approach. The results show that there has been a significant increase in the amount of news articles reporting diversity and inclusion issues in the hospitality and tourism industry since the announcement of the MDGs in 2000. However, the discussion on diversity and inclusion issues in the tourism context has been distributed inadequately and unevenly among popular destinations in the U.S. mass media.

RE-THINKING PLACES: FROM DARK HERITAGE SITES TO SOCIALLY SYMBOLIC SCAPES Roxana Cerasela Magee, Ulster University and South Eastern Regional College, Northern Ireland, UK Audrey Gilmore, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK This paper considers different meanings attached to dark heritage tourism sites, in particular former concentration camps that were used by Nazis to torture and murder Jews and other minority groups during WWII. These sites were chosen for analysis because they are sites of death and human suffering, associated with the dark original events; until recently, the majority of visitors frequenting these scapes were people with strong personal ties to the sites. The new challenge for current site managers is to rethink the existing perception of these places as dark heritage tourism sites able to engage and deliver value to the new, younger generation of visitors who have no personal ties with such sites and often a limited understanding of the original Page 20

historical events. Following an evaluation of site managers’ and visitors’ perceptions of these sites, it was revealed that rather than being dark tourism places, these sites are places of meaningful engagement with the capacity to offer individual visitors and society a space for a co-creative effort focused on learning from the past, re-thinking moral codes and strengthening commitment to humanitarian values, thus able to act as positive agents towards the future.

TYPE: Full Papers LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

Workshop 6 ACADEMIC INTEGRITY – SWIMMING AGAINST THE TIDE IN THE AGE OF “OPERATION VARSITY BLUES”?

Michael Scantlebury, Grand Valley State University, USA This current ISTTE workshop builds on a discussion titled “Edubirdie and Academic Integrity” conducted at Grand Valley State University 24th Annual Faculty Conference on Teaching and Learning, (Scantlebury, M.; August 22, 2018). In this ISTTE workshop we will examine: 1) the sociocultural environment in positioning academic integrity; 2) academic integrity in our class rooms, what is it, as well as how and why do students deviate; and 3) what might we, as educators, do in support of academic integrity in this challenging environment.

LOCATION: Hearts and Minds Chapel, Deck 15

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10:00-10:50 AM Research Paper Presentations 6 LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SAME-SEX FAMILIES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF TRAVEL BEHAVIORS AND CHALLENGES Shweta Singh, Purdue University, USA Filza Armadita, Purdue University, USA Jonathon Day, Purdue University, USA The number of families with same-sex parents are growing across the United States and is expected to grow in the future as policies have become more flexible. While family travel is a big market in the tourism industry, very little effort to tap into understanding the preferences and challenges of families with same-sex parents were put into work. Meanwhile, there are visible challenges that take part in participating in activities as a family for this new category of families, and it includes family travel. This study aims to explore the lived experience and travel behavior of families with samesex parents in understanding their challenges and preferences specifically in travel and tourism. In-depth, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with LGBTQ+ families with the goal of thematic analysis in serving the purpose of this study. The data will be analyzed adhering to the principles of grounded theory. Reflective responses will be used alongside scenarios of different travel experiences taken from past literature of family travel in designing the interview guide. Research identifying these challenges and the intention to find solutions is vital to improving the travel experiences of modern families. This study will not only encourage recognition of families with same-sex parents but also promote further research in minimizing the challenges for such families during leisure travel in the hopes of enhancing their experience as a family through tourism.

THE IMPACT OF COLLEGE BASEBALL GAMES ON THE SURROUNDING WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENT Emily Geest, Oklahoma State University, USA Stacy Tomas, Oklahoma State University, USA While scholars have criticized the sustainability of sporting events, others have suggested that smaller scale sporting events, such as college baseball games, may be a sustainable form of tourism development for communities. Little research exists to examine the potential impact of sporting events on the surrounding environment and

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the wildlife. The purpose of this paper was to examine strategies to measure the impact of sporting events in the form of collegiate baseball games on wildlife and the environment. Three game day events were measured to determine how increased visitors affect noise, light pollution, bird species, squirrel species, and traffic mortality.

Overall, the findings of this study suggest that for college level baseball games, there was no observed excessive negative effects. However, ideal weather conditions and low attendance persisted throughout the sampling period, potentially lessening the effects of game day events.

IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE STATISTICS: A CASE FOR SCHOLARSHIP OF TEACHING AND LEARNING (SOTL) Kara Wolfe, Bradley University, USA The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) includes a systematic review and reflection of teaching and learning research; the ultimate goal is to enhance student learning and share findings with peers. Past research has shown lessons can increase students’ emotional intelligence (EI). This study compared the outcomes of two different types of EI interventions, so that student learning can be enhanced and recommendations shared with colleagues. A qualitative analysis showed that a majority of students in the upper-level class improved their EI score in the area in which they focused.

TYPE: Working Papers LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

Workshop 7 GAMIFICATION APPS AS TEACHING TOOLS Susan Gordon, Purdue University, USA The purpose of this workshop is to discuss the use of gamification apps in teaching as a way to (1) enhance students’ learning and retention of material, (2) gamify content in order to increase intrinsic and cognitive motivation, and (3) provide instructors with a means of formative assessment that is both low stakes and engaging for their students. The theory behind gamification apps employs planned behavior; voluntarily carrying-out an online, social assessment that leads to the formation of attitude and behavior; student utilitarianism and hedonism; and student affective or cognitive engagement.

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Elements of gamification apps include avatars; motivation through points, achievements, badges, clear goals, feedback, rewards, progress, and challenge; competition through leaderboards; social presence; and psychological and behavioral outcomes. Techniques employed both inside and outside of the classroom using a gamification app will be shared. The session will also seek input from workshop participants on their use of gamification as a teaching tool and their perceptions of the value of gamification.

LOCATION: Hearts and Minds Chapel, Deck 15

11:00-11:50 AM Workshop 8 DEVELOPING HOSPITALITY PRINCIPLES FOR HUMAN SCIENCES – A WORKSHOP

BY HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM EDUCATORS Liping Cai, Purdue University, USA Dori Davari, Purdue University, USA Susan Gordon, Purdue University, USA Annemarie Nicely, Purdue University, USA Jonathan Day, Purdue University, USA The purpose of the workshop is to inspire a debate on how to develop hospitality knowledge for innovative applications in human behavioral sciences in order to improve the quality of human interactions in an increasingly digitized, mobile, and diverse society. Human behavioral sciences are confronted with the impact of technological advancements as well as encroachments on the actions and behaviors of different population groups. As the society becomes more and more dependent on machines and artificial intelligence for essential functions, human interactions are losing humanity as we know it. There already appears a reality disconnect in some generational groups due to digital addiction.

Defining hospitality as a human science that studies and manages relationships for positive interactions to optimize the goals of an organization or community, the workshop will be organized in four activities. They are to 1) assess the curricular gaps of current hospitality and tourism programs in meeting the societal needs, 2) identify the experiences and lessons from the practices of the hospitality industry, 3) delineate Page 24

key hospitality principles applicable beyond the current hospitality and tourism education, and 4) outline a set of criteria and tools to develop hospitality courses as core humanistic competencies of college students.

LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

12:00-1:00 PM Lunch

Please enjoy lunch with friends and family

1:00-1:50 PM Research Paper Presentations 7 ARE YOU WHAT YOU EAT? CONSUMERS’ SELF-CONGRUENCE AND CHOICE OF CATERING BRANDS Junfeng Liao, South China University of Technology, China and Purdue University, USA Jianan Zhang, Purdue University, USA Yulun Zhou, South China University of Technology, China Tiange Chen, China Southern Airlines, China Catering is a major component of increasing popularity in the hospitality and tourism industry. Based on the Big Five personality model and utilizing the data on 22 catering brands’ characteristics, the current study explored the relationships between the personality traits of Chinese social media users and their choices for catering brands. By employing a variety of methods including surveys, interviews, Delphi, and data mining, the study developed a three-dimensional model of portraits of both consumers and catering brands, which are Id, Ego, and Superego. These portraits were further examined from the perspective of self-congruence between catering brands and consumer behavior. Among other findings, the study also confirmed that, just like their off-line counterparts, consumers in the social media domain are more inclined to purchase products that have matching personality traits with them.

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FOOD WASTE: A COMTEMPORARY ISSUE FOR THE RESTAURANT, HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY Aditya Singh, Oklahoma State University, USA Stacy Tomas, Oklahoma State University, USA Food waste in the restaurant and hospitality sector is an issue that has received relatively little academic attention. However, it presents a societal and industry challenge that is imperative to address. Food waste is under researched in the hospitality domain. Other fields have conceptualized the issue and examined it using qualitative methods. The present study proposes to study the problem of food waste in university restaurants, where the population of students is mostly comprised of Millennials and Generation Z students. The results of the study are proposed to help address topics of food quality and portions size, which university restaurants can modify to potentially decrease food waste in the future, and thereby also reduce costs.

TYPE: Full Paper, Working Paper LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

2:05-2:55 PM Workshop 9 WHAT IS THE SCHOLARSHIP OF TEACHING & LEARNING (SOTL)?

Kara Wolfe, Bradley University, USA Staci Wolfe, Methodist College, USA Many faculty engage in scholarly teaching, which includes studying and applying best teaching practices. SoTL includes a systematic review of instructional, pedagogical and curricular elements and includes sharing what you learned with others. SoTL practices can assist with assessment, program review and accreditation. More importantly, SoTL can help us improve student learning because it makes us think about learning opportunities, shares our experiences with a community of practice and makes us reflect upon our experiences. All of these outcomes increase our awareness of best practices, encourages sharing and communication with colleagues and helps us think more deeply about teaching and learning (Bishop-Clark & DietxUhler, 2012). The goal of the workshop is to encourage a discussion among Page 26

colleagues about how to share best teaching practice with a larger community. The dialogue will also include the steps of SoTL (generating ideas, collecting and

analyzing data, and presenting results).

LOCATION: Sabatini's Trattoria, Deck 7

Workshop 10 DISCOVERING IDENTITY FOR TOURISM CLUSTERS THROUGH PLAYFUL LEARNING Beatriz Bedoya Velasquez, EAFIT University This workshop comprises a review of a series of strategies based on playful learning as a method for co-creating a profile for a Tourism Cluster with the engagement of city officials, businesses and various stakeholders, so a comprehensive and collaborative strategy for the city's development can emerge. The methodology presented aims to involve different actors from the potential cluster, to capitalize a given city's cultural heritage, geographic location and any other distinctive features.

Through discussions and interactive activities, the combination of these techniques makes it possible to consolidate and outline the future operation of a Tourism Cluster.

The workshop will provide assistants with the description of different techniques and the rationale for analysis of results. Examples of previous session where the methodology has been implemented will also be provided to showcase the power that these playful learning strategies have on the process of visualization and integration of city actors that work on the tourism industry.

LOCATION: Skywalkers, Deck 17

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3:10-4:00 PM Annual Business Meeting Open to all ISTTE members. Open forum to discuss membership recruitment and future conference locations.

LOCATION: Skywalkers 2, Deck 17

5:30-6:30 PM Closing Reception

Please join us as we celebrate the closing of ISTTE 2019 with awards presentations.

Dinner will follow at 7:15 PM. The dinner location will be available on your key cards upon check-in. ISTTE will be seated together.

LOCATION: Vista Show Lounge

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Thank You to Our Partners

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