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OVER 4 MILLION Readers Weekly Nationwide!

June 23 2015 Ozark Life Publishing, LLC

of North Central Arkansas

The Neatest Little Paper Ever Read®

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TIDBITS® SCANS

UPC CODES by Janet Spencer On June 26, 1974, a 10-pack of Wrigley’s Juicy Fruit gum became the first item ever swiped across a supermarket UPC scanner. Come along with Tidbits as we scan bar codes! IN THE BEGINNING • The invention of the UPC code began back in 1948, when the president of the Food Fair chain of grocery stores went to see the dean of Philadelphia’s Drexel Institute of Technology to beg him to instigate research on capturing product information automatically at the checkout counter. The dean said no, but the entire conversation had been overheard by a graduate student named Bernard Silver. • Silver was intrigued and mentioned the issue to his friend Joseph Woodland, who was a graduate student and teacher at Drexel. Together the two men began to work on the project. • Woodland, who had once worked on the Manhattan Project, had recently been working on a plan to improve Musak through renovations in sound technology. He was mulling over Silver’s product information problem while lounging on Miami Beach one day. He pulled his fingers through the sand, leaving lines. This gave him the idea to begin with Morse code and just extend the lines, so dots became skinny lines and dashes became fat lines— the first bar code. THE BEGINNING OF BAR CODES • To read the code, Woodland used the same technology he’d been working with on his Musak project. The technology was originally invented for movie sound tracks: sound was printed in a light-and-dark pattern on a transparent strip along the edges of the film, read by a light, transformed to electric waveforms, converted to sound, and played by loudspeakers. Woodland and Silver filed a patent application on October 20, 1949. • In 1951 Woodland got a job with IBM where he hoped to push his invention forward. In his spare time, he and Silver built the first actual bar code scanner in the middle of Woodland’s living room. The finished product was the size of desk, wrapped in oil cloth to keep out the light, and used a 500-watt light bulb along with the same kind of photomultiplier tube used in movie sound systems, which was hooked up to an oscilloscope. When a bar code on a piece of paper was moved across a beam of light from the bulb, the beam was reflected into the tube of the sound system, which caused the signal of the oscilloscope to move, which translated what had been on the paper. It was crude, it was huge, it so terribly hot it caused the paper to catch on fire, but it worked. Their patent was granted in 1952. • IBM offered to buy the patent, but Woodland and Silver thought the offer was too low. A few weeks later, Philco met their price and purchased the patent in 1962. Philco later sold the patent rights to RCA. • Meantime, technology progressed relentlessly. By the late 1960s, lasers were common and inexpensive. Lasers used a single milli-watt helium(Continued next page)

Vol 1 Issue 12

PGW Collectibles

Hog Heaven Leathers is, “THE FUN PLACE TO SHOP”

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