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IEEE

July 2011, Vol. 49, No. 7

www.comsoc.org

MAGAZINE

ommunication

Director of Magazines Andrzej Jajszczyk, AOH U. of Sci. & Teeh. (Poland) Editor-in-Chief Steve Oorshe, PMC-Sierra, Ine. (USA) Associate Editor-in-Chief Sean Moore, Centripetal Networks (USA) Senior Technical Editors Tom Chen, Swansea University (UK) Nim Cheung, ASTRI (China) Nelson Fonseea, State Univ. of Campinas (Brazil) Peter T. S. Yum, The Chinese U. Hong Kong (China) Technical

July 2011, Vol. 49, No. 7

www.comsoc.org/

Editors

Sonia Aissa, Univ. of Quebee (Canada) Mohammeil Atiquzzaman, U. of Oklahoma (USA) Paolo Bellavista, DEIS (Italy) Tee-Hiang Cheng, NaJ¡ang Tech. U. (Rep. Singapore) Sudhir S. Dixit, Hewlett-Paekard Labs India (India) Stefano Oalli, ASSIA, Ine. (USA) Joan Oareia-Haro, Poly. U. of Cartagena (Spain) Admela Jukan, Teeh. Univ. Carolo-Wilhei¡nina zu Braunsehweig (Oermany) Vimal Kumar Khanna, mCalibre Teehnologies (India) Janusz Konrad, Boston University (USA) Deep Medhi, Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City (USA) Nader F. Mir, San Jose State Univ. (USA) Amitabh Mishra, Johns Hopkins University (USA) Seshradi Mohan, University of Arkansas (USA) Olenn Parsons, Ericsson Canada (Canada) Joel Rodrigues, Univ. of Beira Interior (Portugal) Jungwoo Ryoo, The Penn. State Univ.-Altoona (USA) Hady Salloum, Stevens Instituto ofTeeh. (USA) Antonio Sánehez Esguevillas, Telefonica (Spain) Dan Keun Sung, Korea Adv. Ins!. Sci. & Tech. (Korea) Danny Tsang, Hong Kong U. of Sci. & Tech. (Japan) Chonggang Wang, InterDigital Commun., LLC (USA) AJexander M. Wyglinski, Worcester Poly.lnstitute (USA) Series Editors Ad Hoe and SensorNe/Works Edoardo Biagioni, U. of Hawaii, Manoa (USA) Silvia Giordano, Univ. of App. Sci. (Switzerland) AutomotiveNe/Working andApplieations Wai Chen, Telcordia Teehnologies, Ine (USA) Luca Delgrossi, Mercedes-Benz R&D N.A (USA) Timo Koseh, BMW Group (Germany) Tadao Saito, University ofTokyo (Japan) Consumer Communieatons and Ne/Working Madjid Merabti, Liverpool John Moores U. (UK) Mario Kolberg, University of Sterling (UK) Stan Moyer, Telcordia (USA) Design & lmplementation SeaD Moore, Avaya (USA) Salvatore Loreto, Ericsson Researeh (FinlaDd) lntegratedCireuits for Communieations Charles ChieD (USA) Zhiwei Xu, SST CommuDieation IDc.(USA) Stephen Molloy, Qualcomm (USA) Ne/Workand ServieeManagementSeries George Pavlou, U. of Surrey (UK) Aiko Pras, U. ofTwente (The Netherlands) Ne/Working Testing Series Yiugdar Lin, National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan) Eriea JOhDSOD, University of New Hampshire (USA) Tom MeBeath, Spirent Communications IDe.(USA) Eduardo Joo, Empirix Ine. (USA) Topiesin Optieal Communieations Hideo Kuwahara,FujitsuLaboratories,LId.(Japan) Osman Gebizlioglu, Telcordia Teehnologies (USA) John Spencer, Optelian (USA) Vijay Jain, Verizon (USA) Topiesin Radio Communieations Joseph B. Evans, U. of Kansas (USA) Zoran Zvonar, MediaTek (USA)

FUTUREINTERNETARCHITECTURES: DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENTPERSPECTIVES GUESTEDITORS:RAJJAlN,ARJANDURRESI,ANDSUBHARTHIPAUl

24 26

38

Joseph Milizzo, Assistant Publisher Ene Levine, Associate Publisher Susan Lange, Online Produetion Mana.!!er Jennifer Poreello, Produetion Speeiahst Catherine Kemelmaeher, Associate Editor

.IEEE V 2

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GUEST EDITORIAL

A SURVEY OF THE RESEARCH ON FUTURE INTERNET ARCHITECTURES The current Internet, which was designed over 40 years ago, is facing unprecedented challenges in many aspects, especially in the commercial contexto JIANUPAN,SUBHARTHI PAUl,ANDRAJJAIN Locr OF COMPETITION FOR FUTURE INTERNET ARCHITECTURES Designing

for competition is an important consideration for the design of future

Internet architectures. Network architects should systematically consider the loci of competition in any proposed network architecture.

JOHN CHUANG

44

BIOLOGICAL

PRINCIPLES

FOR FUTURE INTERNET

ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN

The Internet has evolved to accommodate unexpected diversity in servicesand applications. Thistrend will continue. The architecture of the new-generation

Internetmustbe designedina dynamic,modular,and adaptiveway.Featureslike these can often be observed in biological processes that serve as inspiration for designing new cooperative architectural concepts.

SASITHARAN BALASUBRAMANIAM, KENJI LEIBNITZ, PIETRO LIO', DMITRI BOTVICH, AND MASAYUKI MURATA

54

ENABLlNG

FUTURE INTERNET RESEARCH: THE FEDERICA

CASE

The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research

projectsthat havebeenusingthe virtualinfrastructureslicesof FEDERICAinorder to validate their research concepts, even when they are disruptive to the testbed's infrastructure, to obtain results in realistic network environments.

PETERSZEGEDI,JORDIFERRER RIERA,JOANA. GARCIA-EsPIN,MARKUSHIDEll, PETERSJÓDIN, PEHRSÓDERMAN,MARCORUFFINI,DONAl O'MAHONY, ANDREABlANCO,LUCAGIRAUDO, MIGUELPONCEDE LEON,GEMMA POWER,CRISTINACERVEllO-PASTOR, VICTORLOPEZ, AND SUSANNENAEGElE-JACKSON

62

CONTENT, CONNECTIVITY, ANO CLOUD: INGREDIENTS FOR THE NETWORK OF THE FUTURE A new

71

Standar¡ls

Yoiehi Maeda, NTT Adv. Teeh. Corp. (Japan) Mostafa Hashem Sherif, AT&T (USA) Columns Book Reviews Piote Cholda, AOH U. of Sei. & Teeh. (Poland) Historyof Communieations Steve Weinsten (USA) Regulatory and PoliO)'lssues J. Seott Mareus, WIK (Oermany) Jon M. Peha, Carnegie Mellon U. (USA) TeehnologyLeaders'Forum Steve Weinstein (USA) Very Large Projeets Ken Young, Telcordia Teehnologies (USA) publications Staff

ci

network architecture for the Internet needs ingredients from three

approaches: information-centric networking, cloud computing integrated with networking, and open connectivity.

BENGT AHlGREN, PEDRO A. ARANDA,PROSPER CHEMOUll, SARAOUESLATI, LUISM. CORREIA, HOlGERKARl,MICHAElSÓllNER,ANDANNIKKI WElIN PEARL: A PROGRAMMABLE VIRTUALROUTERPLATFORM The authors present the.clesign and implementation of PEARL,a programmable virtual router platform with relatively high performance.

GAOGANGXIE, PENGHE, HONGTAOGUAN, ZHENYULI, YINGKEXIE, LAYONGLuo, JIANHUAZHANG,YONGGONGWANG, AND KAVÉSALAMATlAN

TOPICS IN NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT SERIESEDITORS:GEORGEPAVlOU AND AlKO PRAS

78

SERIES EDITORIAL

80 TOWARDDECENTRALlZEDPROBABILlSTICMANAGEMENT The authors discuss the potential of decentralized probabilistic management and its impact on management operations, and iIIustrate the paradigm by three example solutions for real-time monitoring and anomaly detection.

ALBERTO GONZAlEZ PRIETO, DANIEL GlllBLAD,

88

REBECCA STEINERT, AVI MIRON

NETWORK RESILlENCE: A SVSTEMATIC ApPROACH

Aspects of network resilience, such as' the application of fault-tolerant systems techniques to optical switching, have been studied and applied to great effect.

However, networks and the Internet in particular are stillvulnerable

-

-

IEEE

DAVID HUTCHISON, JAMESP.G.STERBENZ, MARCUSSCHÓllER,AlI PAUL SMITH,

COMMUNICATIONS

MERKOURIS KARAlIOPOUlOS,CHIDUNGLAc, AND BERNHARD PLATTNER

SOCIETY

FESSI,

IEEE Communications Magazine.

July 2011

98

2011 Communications Society Elected Officers Byeong Gi Lee, Presidelll Vijay Bhargava, President-Elect Mark Karol, VP-Technical Activities Khaled B. Letaief, VP-Conferences Sergio Benedetto, VP-Member Relations Leonard Cimini, VP-Publications

104

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TOWARD

IN CAMPUS

NETWORKS

FINE-GRAINED

TRAFFIC

CLASSIFICATION

STANDARDS SERIES EDrroRS:MOSTAFA HASHEMSHERIF ANDYOICHIMAEDA

Stefano Bregni, V. Chan Iwao Sasase, Sarah K. Wilson @la of 2013

112 114

Gerhard Fettweis, Stefano Galli Robert Shapiro, Moe Win ""

IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE (ISSN01636804) is published monthly by The Institute of Eleetrieal and Eleetronics Engineers, Ine. Headquarters address: IEEE, 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997,USA; tel: +1-212705-8900;http://www.eomsoe.orglei.Responsibility for the eontents rests upon authors of signed artides and not the IEEE or its members. Unless otherwise specified, the IEEE neither endorses nor sanetions any positions or aetions espoused in IEEE Communications

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IEEE 802.15.3c: THE FIRST

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1 GB/s

OVERVIEW OF FEMTOCELL SUPPORT IN ADVANCED WIMAX

SVSTEMS

YING LI, ANDREAS MAEDER, lINGHANG FAN, ANSHUMAN NIGAM, AND JOEY CHOU

132

SMART UTILlTY NETWORKS IN TV WHITE SPACE The authors present an overview of the background, technology, regulation, and standardization in the course of deploying smart utility networks (SUNs) in TV white space (TVWS) communications, two wireless technologies currently receiving overwhelming interest in the wireless industry and academia.

CHIN-SEANSUM, HIROSHIHARADA,FUMIHIDEKOJIMA,ZHOU LAN, AND RVUHEIFUNADA

ACCEPTED

140

ADVANCES

IN MODE-STIRRED

FROM QpEN

REVERBERATION

CALL

CHAMBERS

FOR WIRELESS

COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE EVALUATION The authors highlight recent advances in the development of second-generation mode-stirred chambers for wireless communications performance evaluation.

MIGUELÁ. GARCIA-FERNANDEZ, JUAND. SANCHEZ-HEREDIA, ANTONIOM. MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ, DAVIDA. SANCHEZ-HERNANDEZ, ANDJUANF. VALENZUELA-VALDÉS

148

SVSTEM-LEVEL SIMULATlON METHODOLOGV AND PLATFORM FOR MOBILE CELLULAR SVSTEMS

The authors propose a general unified simulation methodology for different cellular systems.

LI CHEN, WENWEN CHEN, BIN WANG, XIN ZHANG, HONGVANG CHEN, AND DACHENG YANG

156

LAVER 3 WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS: MOBllITY

MANAGEMENT ISSUES

Wireless MeshNetworks(WMNs) maybe broadlyclassifiedintotwo categories: Layer 2 and Layer 3 WMNs. The authors focus on the Layer 3 WMN, which provides the same service interfaces and functionalities to the conventional mobile host (MH) as the conventional wireless local area network.

KENICHI MASE

164

PREAMBLE DESIGN, SVSTEM ACQUISITION, AND DETERMINATION IN MODERN

OFDMA CELLULARCOI\t1MUNICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW The wide choicesof deploymentparameters in next generation wirelesscommunication systems present significantchallengesin preamble and system acquisitiondesignoThe authors address these challenges, as well as the solutions provided by the next generation wireless standards,

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The authors provide an update on novel concepts and mechanisms for femtocell support in the network architecture and air interface that have been adopted into the WiMAX Forum network specifications and the IEEE802.16m specification.

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by The Institute of EIeetrical and Eleetronics EngiDccrs, IDe.

IEEE WIRELESS STANDARD

The authors explain the important fea tu res of IEEE 802.15.3c, the first wireless standard from IEEE in the 60-GHz (millimeter wave) band and its development.

TUNCER BAVKAS, CHIN-SEAN SUM, ZHOU LAN, JUNVI WANG, M. AzIZURRAHMAN, HIROSHIHARADA,AND SHUZOKATO

¡¡

Moshe Kam, President Gordon W. Day, President-Elect Roger D. Pollard, Seeretary Harold L. Aescher, Treasurer Pedro A Ray, Past-President E. James Prendergast, Executive Director Nim Cheung, Director,Division JJ/

MICHAELMAO WANG, AVNEESHAGRAWAL,AAMOD KHANDEKAR, AND SANDEEP AEDUDODLA

176

EVALUATING STRATEGIESFOR EVOLUTION OF PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS The authors study the requirements for optimal migration toward higher bandwidth per user, and examine scenarios and cost-effective solutions for PON evolution.

MARILET DE ANDRADE, GLEN KRAMER, LENA WOSINSKA, JIAlIA CHEN, SEBASTIÁ SALLENT, AND BISWANATH MUKHERJEE

185

ON AsSURINGEND-TO-ENDQoE IN NEXTGENERATlONNETWORKS:CHALLENGES AND A POSSIBLE SOLUTlON The authors discuss 'challenges and a possible solution for optimizing end-to-end QoE in Next Generation Networks.

JINGJING ZHANG AND NIRWAN ANSARI

President's Conference Conference

page ReportllCC Calendar

Society News

4

USAGE

RECENTIEEE STANDARDSFORWIRELESSDATA COMMUNICATIONS

Clas..of 2012

2011 IEEEOfficers

LAN

The authors propose a fine-grained traffic classification scheme based on the analysis of existing classification methodologies.

BVUNGCHUL PARK,JAMESWON-I(J HONG,ANDVOUNGJ. WON

Members-at-Large Clas.. of 2011 Robert Fish, Joseph Evans Nelson Fonseea, Miehele Zorzi

A SURVEV OF VIRTUAL

VLANs are widely used in today's enterprise networks to improve Ethernet scalability and support network policies. However, manuals and textbooks offer very little information about how VLANs are actually used in practice.

MINLAN Vu, JENNIFER REXFORD, XIN SUN, SANJAVRAo, AND NICK FEAMSTER

2011

6 12 16 17

New Products Global Communications NewsleUer Advertisers' Index

18 19 192

IEEE CornrnunicationsMagazine' luIr 2011

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MAGAZINE

JUNE 2011 -~VOLUME 5 NUMBER 2 ~

Features EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

6 Power Electronics-A Continuing Challenge The Accelerated Joachim Holtz

16

Growth ofTechnology

Sensorless Drivesin Industrial Applications

Rotor Position Estimation A Review of High-Frequency Methods Fernando Brizand Michael W. Degner

37

Pulsewidth Modulation Strategies

Nonsinusoidal Carrier-Based PWM and Space Vedor Modulation Techniques Edison Roberto C.da Silva, Euzeli Cipriano dos Santos, Jr., and Cursino Brandao Jacobina

Departments and Columns 2 EDITOR'S COLUMN 3 MESSAGE FROM THE 4 TRIBUTES 46 HISTORICAL

PRESIDENT

48 SOCIETYNEWS 52 CHAPTERNEWS 54 BOOKNEWS 56 CALENDAR

SCOP&-lEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (lEM) pubtishes peer-reviewed artIcles that present emerging trends and practices in industrial e1ectronies product research and deve1opment, !rey insights, and tutorial surveys in the fie1d 01 interest to the membership 01 the IEEEIndustrial Electronies Society (IEEEIIE'S)./EMwiU be IimIted to the scope 01 the IFS, which is given as theory and applicatlons 01 e1ectronies, controls, conununications, Instrumenta-tion, and computationaJ inte1ligence to industrial and manufacturing systems and processes.

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By Waleed Said

46 Time Management

By Seshadri Srinivasaraghavan and Alireza Khaligh

54 Charge It!

By Babak Fahimi, Alexis Kwasinski, Ali Davoudi, Robert S. Balog, and Morgan Kiani

columns & departments 4 8 14 66 82.

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Fumiture Models Leamed Irom the WWW Using Web Catalogs to Locate and Categorize Unknown Furniture Pieces in 3-D Laser Scans

By Osear Martinez Mozos, Zoltan-Csaba Marton, and Michael Beetz

33

Robots on the Web Service-Oriented Computing and Web Interfaces

By M. Brian Blake, Sekou L. Remy, Yi Wei, and Ayanna M. Howard

44

A Side 01 Data with My Robot Three Data Sets for MobileManipulation in Human Environments

By Matei Cioearlie, Caroline Pantofaru, Kaijen Hsiao, Gary Bradski, Peter Brook, and Ethan Dreyfuss

58

Web-Enabled Robots Robots That Use the Web as an Information Resource

By Moritz Tenorth, Ulrieh Klank, Dejan Pangercie, and Michael Beetz

69 RoboEarth A World Wide Web for Robots

By Markus Waibel, Michael Beetz, Javier Civera, Raffaello D'Andrea, Jos Elfring, Dorian Gálvez-López, Kai Haussermann, Rob Janssen, J.M.M. Montiel, Alexander Perzylo, Bjorn SehieBle, Moritz Tenorth, Oliver Zweigle, and René van de Molengraft

83 WearableComputing Designing and Sharing Activity-Recognition Systems Across Platforms

By Daniel Roggen,Stéphane Magnenat, Markus Waibel, and Gerhard Troster

96 SeaRobot-Assi~tedInspection A Marsupial USV-UAVTeam for Littorallnspection ON THE

By Michael Lindemuth, Robin Murphy, Eric Steimle, William Armitage, Karen Dreger, Tim Elliot, Michael Hall, Dmitry Kalyadin, Jeffrey Kramer, Mayur Palankar, Kevin Pratt, and Chandler Griffin

COVER

The topic of this special issue is robots and the World Wide

108

Web. Robots also share the in. formation that they create with

Motion Planning Part 11:Wild Frontiers

humans or other robots through

By Steven M. LaValle

search engines such as GoogIe images, video, or three-dimensional warehouse.

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CONTENTS SPEOAL SECTlON-MEDIA SEARCH IN MOBILEDEVICES \

12 FROM Tt-y: GUEST EDITORS Mazin Gilbert, Alex Acero, Jo'rdan Cohen, Hervé Bourlard, Shih-Fu

Chang, and Minoru Etoh

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14 AN AUDITORYDISPLAY IN PLAYUSTGENERATION Rebecca Stewart and Mark Sandler

24 HUGEMUSICARCHIVES ON MOBILEDEVICES Holger Blume, Bemd Bischl, Martin Botteck, Christian Igel, Rainer Martin, Günther Roetter, Günter Rudolph, Wolfgang Theimer, Igor Vatolkin, and Claus Weihs

40 SPEECHAND MULTlMODAL INTERAOlON IN MOBILE SEARCH Junlan Feng, Michael Johnston, and Srinivas Bangalore

50 IN-CARMEDIA SEARCH

90 DSPHISTORY Quantification and Transmission of Information and IntelligenceHistory and Outlook

Michael L Seltzer, Yun-Cheng Ju, Ivan Tashev, Ve-ViWang, and Dong Yu

Biing Hwang Juang

. 61 MOBILEVISUALSEARCH

102 APPUCATIONS CORNER Wideband Spectrum Sensing at Sub-Nyquist Rates MosheMishaliand YoninaC. Eldar

Bernd Girod, Vijay Chandrasekhar, David M.Chen, Ngai-ManCheung, Radek Grzeszczuk, Yuriy Reznik, Gabriel Takacs, Sam S. Tsai, and Ramakrishna Vedantham

108 DSP EDUCATlON Research Challenges and Opportunities in Mobile Applications Dilek Hakkani-Tür,Gokhan Thr, and Larry Heck

77 MOBILEVISUALLOCATION RECOGNmON Georg Schroth, Robert Huitl, David Chen, Mohammad Abu-AIqurnsan, Anas AI-Nuaimi, and Eckehard Steinbach

111 LECTURE NOTES What 15a Savitzky-Golay Filter?

Ronald W. Schafer

COWMNS 2 FROMTHE EDITORS

Framework

Kivanc Kose and A. Enis Cetin

Signal Processing Trends in Media, Mobility, and Search Dan Schonfeld and Li Deng

icovm.

<OIMAGEWERKS

AND PHOTODISC

Low-Pass Filtering of Irregularly Sampled Signals Using a Set Theoretic

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122 DSPTIPS& TRICKS Multiplier-Free Divide, Square Root, and Log Algorithms Fran90is Auger, Zhen Luo, Bruno Feuvrie, and Feng Li

4 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Administrative

and Policy Issue

Highlights Mostafa

127 SOCIALSCIENCES

(Mos) Kaveh

Conversation Scene Analysis Kazuhiro Otsuka

7 LETTERTO EDITOR On A FlexibleWindow Function lO

Promising Prospects in Mobile Search: Business as Usual or Techno-Economic

for Spectral Analysis" Mustafa A. AItmkaya

Disruptions?

José LuisGómez-Barroso,ClaudioFeijóo, and Ramón Compañó

8 SPECIALREPORTS Mobile Computing Has a Growing Impact on DSPApps and Markets Ron Schneiderman

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STANDARDS IN A NUTSHELL The MPEG Musical Slide Show Application Format: Enriching the MP3 Experience Houari Sabirin and Munchurl Kim

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BEST OFTHEWEB TechWare: Mobile Media Search Resources Zhu Liu and Michiel Bacchiani

152 IN THE SPOTLlGHT Fiber-optic Communications Christopher C.Davis and Thomas E. Murphy

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What's in a Name?

Perfecting-and marketing-;-the first really good circuit simulator.

By Laurence W. Nagel The 64-kB Question

By Wolfram Blume Reminiscences of

SPICE

By Sally Liu The

Group

By Tom Quarles

Bring in 'da Noise

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By Lynn Weber

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Hijatked by SPICE Without meaning to, a software developer takes a long ride into automated circuit simulation.

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SPICE started out as a project with a different name. Find out what that name was in the artide "What's in a Name?"

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By Richard 1. Dowell

16 19

Simulation Sells of SPICE. Thecommercialization

By Kim Hailey

22 25

34

COLUMNS/ DEPARTMENTS

Professor, Visionary, Friend

3 CONTRIBUTORS

Remembering Donald O. Pederson.

By LaurenceW. Nagel

4 EDITOR'S NOTE

Growing SPICE A circuit simulation pioneer iIIuminates the program's strengths, uncovers its weaknesses, and looks into its future.

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5 ASSOCIATEEDITOR'S VIEW

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68 CHAPTERS

By Ron Rohrer

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SOCIETY NEWS

CANCER: Computer Analysisof Nonlinear

75

IEEENEWS

Cirtuits Exduding Radiation

79 CONFERENCEREPORTS

By R.A. Rohrer, L.W. Nagel, R. Meyer, and L. Weber

94

CALENDAR

A Historital Review of Cirtuit Simulation

96

FOOTER

By Donald O. Pederson

42

Donald O. Pederson

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38 TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS A new class of semiconductors that conduct only on the surface promises to serve as extraordinarily robust, highspeed circuit elements. By]oel E. Moore

44 THE SOUL OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE

COVER STORY

32 THE AUTISM OEFENSE The u.s. government says Gary McKinnon is a dangerous hacker who broke into military networks and threatened national security.

McKinnon's supporters say he's a misunderstood martyr with autism. By DavidKushner SPECTRUM.lEEE.ORG

Many kinds of computers can become "Java virtual machines"-an approach that researchers at University of California, San Diego, helped to pioneer decades before Jaya came on the scene. By William Jv.McMillan

50 TURNING SWEAT INTO WATTS Exercise machines that generate electricity may be good for you and the environment-but will the economics work out? By Tom Gibson JULY2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . NA