The Age of DIscoveries, part I

THE AGE OF DISCOVERIES PART I 3RD ESO

ISABEL GARCÍA-VELASCO teachermsisabel.com

WHAT ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IN THIS UNIT? 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The Modern Age. The Authoritarian Monarchies.

The World’s explorers.

The discovery and the colonization of America.

Technological advances.

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Glossary Let's start creating our own glossary of terms. In a new sheet in the folder, we are going to add the terms that we explain throughout the unit.

The glossary should be at the end of the notebook.

WORDS FOR THE GLOSSARY WILL BE IN PINK.

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Hello!

During the first part of this term, we will be studying the 15th and the 16th centuries using a map of activities, sailing and docking in different ports to learn about this interesting era.

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1.

THE MODERN AGE

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1.1 WHEN DID THE MODERN AGES START? ✗ As you should remember, two important events marked the end of the Middle Ages, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the Discovery of America in 1492. ✗ During this term, we will study the period that started then, known as Modern Ages. It ended in 1789 with the French revolution.

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1.2 THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN AGES At the end of the 14th century, after the big plague of Black Death, the population started to grow and the cities became bigger and more important. The nobles then lost importance and the kings became more powerful.

Europe now was formed by bigger countries, the modern states, instead of being formed by a huge number of independent states.

We will study the characteristics of these new modern states in the next point.

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2.

THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHIES

2.1

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHIES

When the cities became more important, instead of paying taxes to the feudal lords, they paid them to the monarchs in exchange for having their own laws and more independence.

Thanks to that, kings could have their own armies and didn´t depend on noblemen to form their armies.

Monarchs improved the administration of their kingdoms by creating parliaments with representatives of the nobility, the clergy and the cities (bourgeoisie), that were just in charge of giving advice to the king and approving taxes. They also established an organized bureaucracy that helped the kings with their centralized administration.

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They also improved the legal system and introduced new laws based on the Roman ones.

Monarchs needed educated people to work in their new administrative and legal systems. The bourgeoisie and noblemen wanted their children to study; this led to the creation of universities, which were no longer controlled by the Church There, they taught arts, medicine, law and theology. Some of the first universities built were Cambridge, Oxford and Salamanca.

The European monarchs developed a diplomatic system with other countries, based on arranged marriages.

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Do you remember the feudal system?

Compare in your notebook the feudal monarchies with the modern ones.

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2.2 AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHS Marriages and wars led to the creation of larger countries, the modern states. In England, France and Spain, authoritarian monarchies were established, while Germany and Italy continued divided into several states with different rulers until the end of the 19th century.

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2.3 SPAIN: THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS Isabel de Castilla and Fernando de Aragรณn got married in 1469 and created an alliance between the two biggest and most important kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula.

They increased their power and reduced the influence of the nobility by creating the Royal Council. They reduced the importance of the parliament and created a professional army. They became the first Authoritarian monarchs.

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de 1504 an d i 1516

They expanded their territories by conquering Granada in 1492 and Navarra in 1512, creating an empire in the Americas and signing alliances with Portugal, England and Austria.

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Isabel and Fernando wanted to achieve religious unity, so in 1492, they gave an ultimatum to the Jews: convert to Christianity or leave. Most of them left, and that provoked economic problems. They gave the same option to the Muslims: those who converted were called moriscos.

They founded the Tribunal of the Inquisition to prosecute heretics.

Hundreds of those who had converted were accused of secretly practicing their original religion and they were arrested, imprisoned and interrogated under torture by the Inquisition.

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2.4 ENGLAND: HENRY VIII During the 14th and the 15th centuries, England was at war until 1485, when Henry Tudor defeated his enemies and was crowned Henry VII, bringing peace to England. This was the beginning of the house of Tudor.

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I

(1509-47)

Henry VIII became king when he was 17. He was tall and handsome, practiced sports and wrote poetry. But as he grew older, he became fat and bad tempered.

He got married 6 times: the first one with Catalina de Aragรณn, the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs.

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After 16 years of marriage, he wanted to divorce Catalina and marry Anne Boleyn. When the Pope denied him this option, he created a new church called the Anglican Church, and became its leader.

When he died, Mary I, Catalina’s daughter who was also catholic, became queen and got married to Felipe II of Spain. She was known as 'Bloody Mary' for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Catholicism in England.

When Mary died in 1558, her protestant sister, Elizabeth I, became queen, and England and Spain became enemies.

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2.5 FRANCE The Valois dynasty ruled in France until the end of the 16th century, when they were substituted by a Bourbon, Enrique IV from Navarre. Francisco I reinforced the monarchy and was an important patron of the arts, initiating the French Renaissance. Many artists worked in his court, including Leonardo da Vinci. Francis' reign saw other important cultural changes, such as the spread of humanism and Protestantism, and the beginning of French exploration of the New World.

Fra

s I (1515-47)

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3.

THE WORLD’S EXPLORERS

3.1

THE BEGINNING OF THE AGE OF DISCOVERIES

In the 15th century, Europeans knew about Persia, China, India and Japan from merchants and travellers like the famous Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant and adventurer.

Marco Polo traveled from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He wrote 'Il Milione,' known in English as 'The Travels of Marco Polo. But they ignore how big Africa was and the existence of America and Australia. However, by the beginning of the 17th century, they had travelled the world.

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3.2

REASONS FOR THE EXPLORATIONS

The Europeans began to explore for different reasons: ● After the conquest of Constantinople, they needed to find new trade routes to Asia. ● The idea grew that the Earth was spherical, so they thought they could reach India using different routes. ● Navigation improved: compass, astrolabe, maps and boats (caravel). ● Monarchs financed the voyages to find new lands. ● They had the will to spread Christianity.

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3.3 THE VOYAGES Henry the Navigator, a Portuguese prince, financed the explorers in the 15th century, reaching Madeira, Azores and Cabo Verde.

In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reached Cape of Good Hope and in 1498, Vasco da Gama sailed to East Africa and India.

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In August 1492, Columbus/Colón sailed to the Canary islands, and on October 12, the ships made landfall—not in Asia, as Columbus assumed, but on one of the Bahamian islands.

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In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan/Fernando de Magallanes, a Portuguese explorer set out from Spain with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands. En route, he discovered what is now known as the Strait of Magellan and became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. The voyage was long and dangerous, and only 18 of the fleet’s original crew of 270 returned with the ship. Magellan himself was killed in battle on the voyage. Then, Juan Sebastiån Elcano, a Spanish sailor, completed the expedition, proving that the globe could be circled by sea and that the world was much larger than what they imagined.

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4.

THE DISCOVERY AND THE COLONIZATION OF AMERICA

4.1 THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA Christopher Columbus wanted to reach India by sailing west. The Catholic Monarchs financed his expedition. He sailed with 90 men and three boats, carabelas, the Pinta, the NiĂąa and the Santa Maria.

When they sailed on 12 October 1492, Columbus didn’t know that he had reached a Caribbean Island.

Columbus went on three more voyages until he died in 1506.

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In 1494, the Pope divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal with the Treaty of Tordesillas.

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4.2 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA We will study this point using the following presentation:

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5.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

We will study this point using the following timeline:

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HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNT? Let's play Kahoot!

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That’s the end of this unit!

Any questions?

You can find me at: ✗ ✗

@teachermsisabel contactme@teachermsisabel.com

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