THAT’S ENGLISH - MODULE 10 – UNIT 2 IN THE MARKET A) GRAMMAR - REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES: Match the rules (1-4) to the sentences (a-d). 1 Verbs in the active voice reduce to the present participle (-ing). 2 Verbs in the passive voice reduce to the past participle. 3 Verbs containing have to (or equivalent verbs, like should or must) reduce to an infinitive with to. 4 The relative pronoun and the verb be followed by a prepositional phrase can be omitted. a This ancient company is a Japanese family business, (which was) originally set up in 597. b The employees are in the meeting room (which is) on the first floor. c The Shitennoji temple, (which still stands) still standing today, was their firt job. d If you want a Buddhist temple, they are definitely the people (who you should) to speak to. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5ZJKS7NqAE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcA3izZLCew https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2zpTeNmd4s http://random-idea-english.blogspot.com.es/2012/02/reduced-relative-clauses-lessonand.html https://elt.oup.com/student/oxfordenglishgrammar/advanced/oegc_advanced_section15/ advanced_section15_01?cc=global&selLanguage=en https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/relative-clauses-definingrelative-clauses - Word Formation: NOUN competition competitor ………….. investor stability
VERB compete
ADJECTIVE competitive
invest(in)
xxxxxxxxx
lend stabilise
xxxxxxxx
……………. expert value operation flexibility profit
xxxxxxxx
expert
value operational adaptable
adapt xxxxxxxx profit
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. 1 We need to consider lowering our prices in order to be more………… (compete) in the market. 2 Buying all that equipment would be a huge ………………. (invest) for us. Can we afford it? 3 The factory won’t be ……………… (operate) until the new machinery is installed. 4 This business will only remain ……………… (profit) as lon as air transport stays cheap. 5 How much do we…………….. (valuable) our customers? 6 These political problems are affecting the ……………. (stable) of the market. - GIVING INSTRUCTIONS Obligation / Prohibition � Speaker imposes their authority. imperative Compliment your host. Don’t be late! must / mustn’t You must be patient. You mustn’t interrupt anyone when they are speaking. � Speaker informs of rules or needs. have to / need to You have to / need to find ways to make everyone comfortable, including yourself Fill in the blank spaces with more r”rules”Use the imperative for some of them You mustn’t sleep in your car You have to wear a helmet
You have to switch off your mobile.
You mustn’t play ping-pong when it’s raining. You mustn’t speak during the opera.
You have to wear long trousers. You mustn’t sing to the monkeys.
You mustn’t drink the water.
You have to have a shower before going in the swimming pool.
http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/modalmixed.htm No obligation � Speaker informs of absence of obligation. don’t have to / don’t need to You don’t have to / don’t need to bring a gift for your host, but they will appreciate it if you do. http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-lack-ofnecessity.php http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english105398.php Advice � Speaker presents the instruction as advice. should / shouldn’t You should wear a suit if you have a business meeting. You shouldn’t ask any personal questions unless you know the other person very well. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modal-should.htm B) VOCABULARY http://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/ingles-negocios/vocabularyexpressions/business-english-vocabulary-and-useful-expressions http://www.better-english.com/vocabulary.htm http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/topics/business/business-general-words/ C) READING COMPREHENSION http://www.businessenglishsite.com/readingcomprehension/business-english-readingcomprehension2.html The Body Shop When I opened the first 'Body Shop' in 1976 my only object was to earn enough to feed my children. Today `The Body Shop' is an international company rapidly growing all around the world. In the years since we began I have learned a lot. Much of what I have
learned will be found in this book, for I believe that we, as a company, have something worth saying about how to run a successful business without giving up what we really believe in. It's not a normal business book, nor is it just about my life. The message is that to succeed in business you have to be different. Business can be fun, a business can be run with love and it can do good. In business, as in life, I need to enjoy myself, to have a feeling of family and to feel excited by the unexpected. I have always wanted the people who work for 'The Body Shop' to feel the same way. Now this book sends these ideas of mine out into the world, makes them public. I'd like to think there are no limits to our 'family', no limits to what can be done. I find that an exciting thought. I hope you do, too. Questions 1. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this text? a. To tell the reader her life story. b. To introduce her ideas to the reader. c. To explain how international companies operate. 2. What would someone learn from this text? a. How to make a lot of money. b. How to write a book about business. c. What the writer's book is about. 3. How does the writer feel about the business she runs? a. She just runs it for her own entertainment. b. It is not like any other company. c. It is likely to become even more successful. 4. What kinds of workers does the writer like to employ? a. Workers who get on well with the public. b. Workers who have the same attitude as she does. c. Workers who have their own families. 5. What kind of person does the writer seem to be? a. She seems to be someone with strong opinions. b. She doesn't seem to be very confident. c. She sees running a business as just a job. Facebook Do you use any of the social networking websites which are so popular these days, the places where you can connect up with friends and relatives and meet people who share the same interests as you? If you’re younger you may use MySpace, young adults are more likely to be found on Facebook and busy professionals may prefer something like LinkedIn. But at least two of these sites have one thing in common: apart from being social spaces where you can meet and chat to people, share photos and other things, they’ve all added new verbs and nouns to the language in the past couple of years. Let’s take a look at some examples. You can facebook your holiday photos (upload them to your Facebook page), facebook someone to see who they are (look him up in Facebook), facebook someone about a party (contact someone through their Facebook
page) and ask permission to facebook someone (add them as a Facebook friend). As you can see, ‘facebook’ is a pretty versatile word, and you could say the same about ‘myspace’, which you will find being used in much the same way all over the Net. LinkedIn (being a more adult, professional community) has not been used in the same way. While you’re ‘facebooking’ or ‘myspacing’ you may also find yourself ‘commenting’ (writing a comment on someone’s Facebook or MySpace page), as in this example: ‘I commented Mary that she should come to the pub on Saturday and she commented me that she couldn’t because she was going away for the weekend’. Questions 1. People who use Myspace are generally not as old as people who use Facebook. T/F 2. LinkedIn is for people with good jobs. T/F 3. Sites like these have given new words such as adverbs and adjectives to the language. T/F 4. Myspace has proven to be a less versatile word than Facebook. T/F 5. All three of the sites mentioned have provided some new words. T/F 6. In this Internet context, ‘to comment’ means to leave a message for someone on their site. T/F 7. You can use Facebook for different purposes. T/F 8. The new terms have been in use for ten years. T/F 9. The word ‘facebook’ has various uses. T/F 10. You need someone’s authorisation to add their name to your facebook page. T/F KEY: The Body Shop: 1) b 2) c 3) c 4) b 5) a. Facebook: 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) F 9) T 10) T. The structure of Biopaints International Presenter: Today we are talking to Philip Knight about the structure of Biopaints International. Philip is the General Manager of the Perth factory. Philip, do you think you could tell us something about the way Biopaints is actually organized? Philip: Yes, certainly. We employ about two thousand people in all in two different locations. Most people work here at tour headquarters plant. And this is where we have the administrative departments, of course. Presenter: Well, perhaps you could say something about the departmental structure? Philip: Yes, certainly. Well, now first of all, as you know we've got two factories, one
here in Perth, Australia, and the other in Singapore. Lee Boon Eng is the other General Manager, over there in Singapore. Presenter: And you are completely independent of each other, is that right? Philip: Oh, yes. Our two plants are fairly independent. I mean, I am responsible to George Harris, the Production Manager, and we have to co-operate closely with Rosemary Broom, the Marketing Manager. Presenter: Mmm, yeah. Philip: But otherwise, as far as day to day running is concerned, we're pretty much left alone to get on with the job. Oh, and I forgot to mention finance. The Finance Director is Weimin Tan. She's a very important woman. And her task is to make sure the money side of things is OK. The accountant and such people, they report to her directly. Presenter: Is that all? Philip: Oh, no, no. There's Personnel too. Presenter: Oh, yes. Philip: That's quite separate. Deirdre Spencer is Personnel Manager. And the Training Manager reports to her, of course. Presenter: Are there any other features worth mentioning? Philip: There's the planning department—Brian Jones is in charge of that. And a purchasing department—they buy in the materials for production. Comprehension Questions 1. What is Philip Knight's job? 2. How many employees does Biopaints International have? 3. According to Philip Knight, they have two factories. Where are they? 4. To whom would the accountant directly report? 5. To whom would the Training Manager report? 6. What department is Brian Jones in charge of? Sysco Sysco makes over 4,500 products, developed specifically for customers - food retailers and foodservice providers. As such, Sysco makes and markets products for some of the largest restaurants and hotel chains in Canada. Company Structure Sysco operates a decentralized divisional structure. The board establishes corporate strategy and the Group's business objectives. Divisional management integrates these objectives into divisional business strategies with supporting financial objectives. Managing Directors are responsible for the organic and new business development growth opportunities within their divisions. These divisions are composed of three to seven business units -- grouped by a mixture of market, manufacturing skills or customer expertise. Each business unit is led by a General Manager, responsible for the achievement of business objectives and sustainable business performance. Each General Manager has a profit-responsible management team which concentrates on specific markets and customers. This devolved Group structure allows a close working relationship with our customers and one where day-to-day decisions can be made at business unit level, which is vital to the fast-moving nature of our business.
Each Managing Director, together with functional heads, sits on the Sysco Management Board (operational executive team). Comprehension Questions 1. What are the Managing Directors responsible for? 2. How many business units are there in the divisions? 3. At which level are the day-to-day decisions made? 4. Who sits on the Sysco Management Board? D) LISTENING COMPREHENSION https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/es/youre-hired http://www.businessenglishonline.net/resources/podcasts/ http://www.elllo.org/english/Mixer076/T081-Business.htm http://www.english-test.net/toeic/listening/talking_about_being_selfemployed.html#TOEIC_Listening_Comprehension E) WRITING (Pg 142) 6a You are going to write a report about the future of work. Look at the headings (1-2) and the notes below (a-f) and match them. Add your own ideas: 1- Type of work in the future 2- Social changes and working conditions
6b Write your report on the future of work (150-175 words). Use the ideas from activity 6a to help you. Include the following:
F) SPEAKING http://www.ieltsspeaking.co.uk/ielts-business-vocabulary/ http://www.esldiscussions.com/b/business.html • • • • • • • • • • • •
Is there one particular company you would like to be a part of? Why? Is there one particular company you would definitely not want to be a part of? Why? Would you prefer to work in a large international company or a small local company? Why? Which type of company do you think treats their staff better - small family companies or big international ones? How would you feel if your company asked you to move to a different country to help your career? Do you run your own business, or would you like to do so? What do you think are/would be the advantages and disadvantages of being your own boss? If you are presently self-employed - why did you decide to be so? If you are presently employed then describe your present boss. What businesses will do well during the recession? What businesses will have the most problems during the recession? To whom should business be most responsible - to their employees, their customers or their shareholders?
……………………………………………………………………………………………. - What are 4 pros and 4 cons of being an entrepreneur? - Do you know any entrepreneurs? - Does your country have a lot of entrepreneurs? Why do you think so? - What is the most profitable type of business to open in your country? - Should a restaurant open where there are no restaurants or lots of restaurants? - In your country, is it better for a restaurant or café to be unique or familiar? - How are businesses today different from businesses in the past? - What must a company do or have to be successful? - Are people born entrepreneurs or are they made? - What traits make someone a good entrepreneur? - Would you like to open your own business? Why or why not?