10 IrrigationNZ: Achievements and Membership 2023–2024 12 CROPTIDE / Innovation in Irrigation Award winner 14 NORM WILLIAMSON / Ron Cocks Memorial Award winner
20 DR ANDREW TAIT / Making a 25-year plan for climate change
30 Why an Operational and Maintenance manual is critical
31 Blue Tick Water Measurement Workshop
34 Irrigation asset planning
36 Water abstraction: Uncovering insights, challenges, and future directions
EDITOR/ADVERTISING Julie Melhopt / 020 400 10497 / jmelhopt@irrigationnz.co.nz DESIGN Rosie Fenton PRINTING Caxton PUBLISHED BY Irrigation New Zealand / PO Box 8014, Wellington 6143, New Zealand DISTRIBUTION New Zealand Post
COVER PHOTO Courtesy of Croptide ISSN 2230-5181
Please email comms@irrigationnz.co.nz if the delivery address/information where this magazine has been received is incorrect or needs updated. IrrigationNZ News is published by Irrigation New Zealand Inc (IrrigationNZ) four times a year. The circulation includes all IrrigationNZ members. The opinions expressed in IrrigationNZ News do not necessarily reflect the views of IrrigationNZ. The information contained in this publication is general in nature with every effort being made to ensure its complete accuracy. No responsibility can be accepted for any errors or copyright breach that may occur beyond the control of the editor or IrrigationNZ. Permission must be sought from the Editor prior to reproduction of any material contained in this publication.
Keri Johnston Chair IrrigationNZ
A season of change
Happy summer everyone!
It is hard to believe that another year has almost come and gone.
I am writing this off the back of another successful AGM in Wellington. It was fantastic to see so many of our members there, joining us not only for the AGM, but a night of celebration at the IrrigationNZ Irrigation Awards and the Trailblazer Sustainable Irrigation Awards. The energy in the room was exhilarating and it was great to spend the evening with progressive and innovative people. We have to continue to take the opportunities to highlight our sector in a positive way, and it is events like this that
allow us to do that. Congratulations to all the award winners.
At the AGM we welcomed two new board members – Victoria Trayner and Helen Mexted. These wāhine have extensive networks and plenty of governance experience, and we are excited to have them join our board team. Jared Ross stood down from the board at the AGM. He had been a board member since 2019. Jared could always be counted on for his ability to dive deep into matters and to keep us grounded with his grass roots experience. We thank him for his time and immense contributions to the board.
By the time you are reading this we will have farewelled our CEO, Vanessa Winning. Vanessa joined IrrigationNZ four years ago and has been pivotal in the transformation of the organisation. She has led with incredible heart, integrity, and courage, and it has been an absolute pleasure to work with her. Vanessa will be joining the team at the Ministry for Primary Industries, and we wish her all the very best in her new role. In the meantime, we are in very capable hands, as Stephen McNally is taking up the reins as acting CEO.
With the irrigation season upon us, remember to use water well. We need to keep being vigilant, and continue holding each other to account – for example, it is not ok to be irrigating roads anymore. We are better than that. As stated by 2016 Australian of the Year LieutenantGeneral David Morrison, “the standard you walk past is the standard you accept”. Every one of us is responsible for the culture and reputation of our sector, and maintaining and enhancing our social license. Enjoy the holiday season and take care out there.
Keri
Stephen McNally Acting Chief Executive IrrigationNZ
Chief executive greetings and update
As Acting Chief Executive of IrrigationNZ, I am honoured to pick up the reins to lead the organisation at such a pivotal time for New Zealand’s water management sector. I want to acknowledge Vanessa Winning’s leadership over the past four years. Under her guidance, IrrigationNZ has strengthened its role as a trusted and credible voice in freshwater policy and bestpractice irrigation, building a strong foundation for the challenges and opportunities ahead.
With over 40 years of experience in irrigation, spanning roles in crop management, water infrastructure consultancy, and system design, I bring a deep understanding of New Zealand’s unique agricultural landscape and water needs. My work with IrrigationNZ has been previously as a board member, and more recently as principal technical advisor. These roles have allowed me to collaborate
closely with irrigators, industry partners, and government agencies, advocating for consistency in standards and lifting knowledge based on innovations that advance our sector.
Our mission remains the same; to provide value to our members and act as a credible, solutionsfocused voice in shaping New Zealand’s water future. This involves advocating for practical, evidencebased approaches that balance environmental expectations with the essential role of irrigation in food production and economic resilience.
As we face the challenges of climate change, water availability and security, and increasing global food demand, our role is more critical than ever. IrrigationNZ will continue to empower its members by delivering practical tools, targeted training, and soundlybased advocacy. Through partnerships with policymakers, stakeholders,
and communities, we aim to advance bestpractice irrigation infrastructure and natural resource management that supports both our environment and economy.
During this transitional period, as the board undertakes the recruitment process for a permanent chief executive, I am committed to maintaining the momentum we’ve built. Our talented team and clear strategic vision position us well to meet the challenges and opportunities ahead.
Thank you for your continued support and trust in IrrigationNZ. Merry Christmas and a prosperous New Year.
Farewell message from outgoing CE, Vanessa
I’m a lover of summer. I like the longer days, the warmer weather, seeing food grow, and spending time with family and friends. As we move into summer and the irrigators come into their own, it’s important we savour all of these things and take time to consider the importance of what we all do – producing food, the sharing of which brings families together. Celebrate this and be proud of how far we have come in terms of environmental improvements and water efficiency. Irrigation is an industry in which there are always improvements being made. Incremental improvements and new farming practices are second nature to most of you, so don’t stop, but do take the time to smile and take in what you’ve achieved.
And so will we at IrrigationNZ. It’s been
four years since I joined, we moved the office to Wellington, and we started working with government agencies and industry groups in a strategic and practical way. We have come far – we are trusted, sought after, and genuinely respected, even by the people we don’t always agree with. Over that time the team has pivoted us into a financially stable, focused organisation. We have a clear strategy, we know our place to play (our sandpit), and we work hard for irrigation, irrigation infrastructure, and farmers and growers. Yes, we have more to do, more to learn, and more we can achieve as a collective. But in this moment we are going to celebrate a year in which we have had crossparty support for our efforts, we have four new schemes on fasttrack consideration, and we have
seen improvements in resource management legislation that make it easier for us to continue to grow good food.
And with that, I am ready to hand this organisation over to the next Chief Executive. They will continue to build on our strategy, and work for you and the irrigation industry to enable you to grow and thrive into the future. By the time you read this I will be at the Ministry for Primary Industries, working for you on the other side, so to speak –helping shape water strategy and develop our export growth.
I’m sure we will continue to cross paths and I’m excited to see the improvements and new practices you adopt.
Merry Christmas, Vanessa Winning
IrrigationNZ: Out & About
Discussing Nanobubbles on 1News
In November, Stephen was interviewed by 1News about nanobubble research being undertaken in New Zealand. The researchers, Nanobubble Agritech, were one of the four amazing finalists of this year’s Innovation in Irrigation Award.
Blue Tick Water Measurement Workshop
IrrigationNZ ran a two-day Blue Tick Water Measurement Workshop in Palmerston North in late October. Kindly hosted by the team at Horizons Regional Council, the event included a mix of in-classroom presentations and discussions, as well as a field trip to see a water meter verification in practice.
See page page 31 of this edition for more information on the workshop.
Presenting to the New Zealand Society on Large Dams
On 15 October Stephen took part in the New Zealand Society on Large Dams (NZSOLD) Symposium in Wellington. He presented at a dam owners panel discussion on PIC compliance and challenges moving forward to the dam safety assurance programme (DSAP).
Judging the Trailblazer Sustainable Irrigation Awards
Stephen spent two days on-farm in early November as a judge for the Trailblazer Sustainable Irrigation Awards that were awarded at the IrrigationNZ Awards Evening in Wellington.
AGM and Awards Evening
The IrrigationNZ AGM and IrrigationNZ Awards Evening were held in Wellington on 6 November. There was a strong level of attendance at both events, with close to 90 people enjoying the opportunity to celebrate the successes in our industry, and to mingle with fellow industry people. IrrigationNZ Chair, Keri Johnston, was surprised by outgoing board member Jared Ross when he presented her with the Honorary Member Award for her outstanding service and significant contribution of time and knowledge to IrrigationNZ.
See pages 12 and 14 to read about the 2024 award winners.
NZIPIM end of
year event
The New Zealand Institute of Primary Industry Management Wellington / Wairarapa Branch held their end-of-year gathering and AGM at Te Aro Brewing Company in November. Stephen, the local Branch co-Chair, also represented IrrigationNZ at the event which included invited speakers. Dr Andrew Tait (in picture) from NIWA spoke on the climate outlook for this summer, Jane Chirnside, Director, Office for Rural Communities MPI on resource management reforms, and Chris Lewis from Baker Ag on their sector seasonal outlooks.
Scheme CE and Chair meeting
Vanessa and the IrrigationNZ board hosted scheme chief executives and chairs in Wellington on 6 November. Meetings were held with the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), the Ministry for the Environment (MfE), the Ministry of Business,
Innovation and Employment (MBIE), Act, NZ First, and ANZ bank. Topics discussed included new infrastructure, funding, consenting, and the future of food production.
IrrigationNZ AGM 2024
On November 6, we held our Annual General Meeting and biennial awards evening at the ANZ Centre in Wellington. With over 80 people attending the two events, the turnout was high. We extend heartfelt thanks to those members who attended, and to the many others who continue to support our organisation.
This year the decision was made for the Irrigation New Zealand board to consist of six nominated board members and one independent board member. Due to current member Jared Ross choosing to leave the board, there was one nominated board role to be filled. With a strong voter turnout of 73 percent of those eligible, Victoria Trayner was voted into the nominated board role. Helen Mexted joined the board as the independent director.
As well as the usual general business associated with an AGM, the evening gave us the chance to highlight those who are excelling in our industry. Further in the magazine we spotlight Croptide, our Innovation in Irrigation Award winner, and we delve into the history of our Ron Cocks Memorial Award recipient, Norm Williamson.
Below, IrrigationNZ catches up with our two new board members, Victoria and Helen.
Keri Johnston, IrrigationNZ Chair.
VICTORIA TRAYNER
Victoria and her husband Glen, along with their three girls, farm in Oxford, Canterbury. They milk 650 cows and run 530 hectares of crop for dairy support, as well as a sheep and beef block.
Victoria’s current governance roles are in Livestock Improvement Company (LIC), Waimakariri Irrigation Limited (WIL), North Canterbury Land Holding Limited, Platinum Farming Limited, and Motu Lodge Stud Limited. Highly passionate about farming and her community, Victoria’s previous governance and leadership roles have been as Chair of the Waimakariri District’s Primary Sector Plan Change 7 Committee, at Waimakariri Landcare Trust as a founding trustee, and at the Next Generation Farmers Trust.
HELEN MEXTED
Victoria’s primary sector experience is drawn from her own farming enterprise, involvement across the sector with governance, and as a lecturer in agribusiness and production management for Primary ITO. Victoria was appointed as the first Associate Director for the Alliance Group in 2021. She was awarded the Trinity Land Scholarship for the Fonterra Governance Programme which she completed in 2020.
Victoria is Waitaha and Ngāti Māmoe, both of which are represented by the Ngāi Tahu Iwi. Her knowledge is comprehensive, both of her land and of farming across the different primary sectors, from both farm gate and corporate perspectives.
We asked Victoria a couple of questions about herself.
What is your earliest memory of irrigation?
My earliest memory was my sisters and I, one of us on each end of the large irrigation pipes, stacking them onto the irrigation trailer for Dad so he can move it from paddock to paddock. Learning to shift the southern cross irrigator was my first induction to irrigation as a teenager, which soon became one of our weekend jobs.
Why did you apply to be on the IrrigationNZ board?
Having been on the Waimakariri Irrigation Board for six years, during the policy changes I have witnessed IrrigationNZ having a critical role in the conversations at government level and always acting to support our schemes and the farmers and growers they represent. Water is our most valuable resource on the land, and it offers so many opportunities into the future of New Zealand.
What is the most important thing you have learnt about water management/irrigation?
The most important thing I have learnt is that having a higher reliability of water creates a behaviour change in how we use water. Having a high water reliability increases many efficiency gains in farming and in the environment.
How are you going to contribute to the IrrigationNZ board? What do you hope to gain from being a part of the organisation?
It’s an odd thing to enjoy, but I enjoy investigating policy and being at the coalface of the tough conversations. I would like to bring not only a practical perspective but a longterm view – “How will this shape farming in the future or our landuse?” Our farmers and growers have to maintain profitable businesses and I believe irrigation is a huge enabler to achieve this.
I am pleased to join the IrrigationNZ board as we implement our refreshed strategy and work toward delivering our vision: Water to nourish our community, environment, and economy. Although I have been part of the team for less than a month, I’ve already witnessed the expertise of our board, an engaged membership and irrigation sector, robust technical leadership, and strong relationships with government which allow for our advocacy.
In recent years, we have laid solid foundations for futurefocused freshwater management and developed relationships in a dynamic government environment. Building on our current experienced management team, we now have an exciting opportunity to recruit the right chief executive to provide strategic and operational leadership well into the future.
People and communities are central to our success. It’s therefore vital that we continue to strengthen our connections with Parliament and the regions as we contribute to policy leadership under the current political mandate. Water storage and building our social license to operate are critical to the future of our sector. Equally important is listening to and representing our members where it matters most. A strong collective voice is key to achieving meaningful outcomes. Finally, to deliver effectively, we must ensure IrrigationNZ is a sustainable and financially sound organisation.
About Me
I grew up on a viticulture, kiwifruit, and sheep and beef farm in Hawke’s Bay, where reliable access to water and irrigation was essential to the farm’s success. Over the past few decades, I have gained extensive experience in governance, management, commercial strategy, policy, and advocacy. I’ve remained closely connected to the food and fibre sector and regional economies, leading in membership and advocacybased organisations including Federated Farmers and Local Government New Zealand. I have also worked at the intersection of central, local, and regional government, engaging directly with policymakers and political leaders.
Currently, I serve on the board of Crown entity Outdoor Access Commission and lead a professional, volunteerbased membership organisation as its chief executive. Based in Wellington, I remain passionate about supporting organisations that drive positive change.
I am excited to govern IrrigationNZ and the sector through the next period of change and succession, positioning our new chief executive and team for longterm success. I also look forward to connecting with members throughout the year ahead and engaging on what’s most important to you.
IrrigationNZ Achievements
QUALIFICATIONS COMPLETED TRAINING
12 people completed the NZ Certificate in Irrigation System Design and an additional 7 people are currently working through the course
11 people completed the NZ Certificate in Irrigation System Performance Assessment
17 people attended Health and Safety Foundation Passport – Irrigation IrrigationNZ worked with Site Safe to deliver an irrigation specific foundation passport course, the first training had 17 people attend in Ashburton
+ First cohort of learners completed the Certificate III in Irrigation Technology
OTHER TRAINING
Number of attendees:
27 Online water meter verification training
50 Water meter workbooks completed
27 FMG Risk Advice training days
10 HortNZ workshops
24 Scheme training days
80+ Various training and info sessions
MEDIA & PUBLISHING SUBMISSIONS
NewsSplash e-newsletters
4
IrrigationNZ News magazines
35+ Columns contributed in external publications WITH 3000+ DISTRIBUTION PER ISSUE
Written submissions
MADE ON POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE MATTERS WITH 7000+ DISTRIBUTION PER ISSUE
*Calendar year July 2023–June 2024.
We presented in person 3 times and held more than 40 meetings with officials and stakeholders to discuss submission content – ensuring our members’ voices are heard.
2023/2024
IrrigationNZ Membership
MEMBERSHIP BY CATEGORY
Government
Research Institution
Retirees
Irrigators and Schemes*
*Schemes counted as being a single member therefore this number does not represent the total number of irrigators represented by IrrigationNZ.
FEES PAID BY MEMBERSHIP
CATEGORY
Government
Research Institution
Retirees
Service Industry TOTAL FEES PAID
Irrigators and Schemes
Service Industry
CELEBRATING INNOVATION: Croptide wins the 2024 Innovation in Irrigation Award
The 2024 Innovation in Irrigation Award, sponsored by Vantage New Zealand, showcased groundbreaking advancements in the irrigation sector, and celebrated technologies that push the boundaries of sustainability and efficiency. This year, Croptide emerged as the winner, standing out among the four impressive finalists.
The award, presented at the biennial Irrigation Awards ceremony, highlights the critical role innovation plays in addressing modern irrigation challenges. The judging panel praised all entries for their ingenuity, noting the significant potential each has to shape the future of water management in New Zealand.
CROPTIDE: A REVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO WATER MANAGEMENT
Founded in 2020 by Hamish Penny, Croptide began as a Master’s project investigating electrical signals in plants. Penny’s work revealed that these signals could provide realtime plantbased insights, which led to the development of Croptide’s sensor technology. Initial discussions with Hawke’s Bay growers identified a pressing need for scalable, efficient water management solutions. Traditional methods, like pressure chambers, were too labourintensive, sparking the creation of a sensor that could deliver continuous plant water status data.
The Croptide sensor attaches directly to the stem of permanent crops like grapevines, apple trees, and kiwifruit vines. Using small pins connected to the scion of the plant, the sensor conducts electrical analysis of the tissue. Algorithms then convert this data into actionable insights, which are displayed on a userfriendly app. By leveraging a LoRa (long range) network, the system provides growers with realtime information on plant water needs across their operations.
One of Croptide’s standout features is its simplicity and scalability. Easy to install, the sensor allows growers to monitor large areas with precision. This approach optimises irrigation, enhances fruit quality and yield,
and minimises environmental impact. In the past season alone, Croptide ran over 100 commercial pilot sites across Marlborough and Hawke’s Bay, working with industry leaders such as T&G Global, Zespri, and Villa Maria.
The judge’s commendation says, “The Croptide system, with its supporting components, represents a significant advancement in the management of irrigation across various horticultural crops. Its userfriendly design, combined with timely, cropfocused data delivery, provides a powerful tool to support growers in enhancing both productivity and sustainability.”
A BRIGHT FUTURE FOR IRRIGATION
Croptide’s win reflects a growing focus on precision agriculture and the need for tools that align productivity with environmental sustainability. By providing realtime insights into plant water needs, Croptide empowers growers to make informed decisions that conserve water, reduce costs, and boost crop outcomes.
This year’s award nominees highlight the diversity of innovation within the sector, from hightech sensors to portable testing devices and AIdriven analytics. These advancements underscore the potential of irrigation technology to meet global challenges, ensuring that agriculture remains resilient in the face of climate change.
Congratulations to Croptide for their groundbreaking achievement, and to all the finalists for their contributions to the industry. Together, they represent a promising future for sustainable irrigation.
The Croptide system, with its supporting components, represents a significant advancement in the management of irrigation across various horticultural crops. Its user‑friendly design, combined with timely, crop‑focused data delivery, provides a powerful tool to support growers in enhancing both productivity and sustainability.
Commending the finalists
While Croptide took the top honour, the other finalists presented extremely impressive innovations.
NANOBUBBLE AGRITECH
Leveraging technology from outside agriculture, this innovation improves water and oxygen delivery to roots, enhancing nutrient uptake and water-use efficiency.
BACTOSURE
Addressing water safety in rural areas, Bactosure offers portable, accurate E. coli testing for drinking water, ensuring safer supplies for remote communities.
RANGITATA SOUTH IRRIGATION & METEOROLOGY SOLUTIONS
Utilising AI to analyse river resource data, this collaboration enhances water management strategies and supports better decision-making for irrigation schemes.
IrrigationNZ Chair Keri Johnston, Croptide founder and CEO Hamish Penny, and Croptide Head of Applied Science Jessica Griebenauw.
Norm Williamson honoured with Ron Cocks Memorial Award
Every two years the IrrigationNZ Ron Cocks Memorial Award is presented. The award recognises a person who has made a significant contribution to irrigation in New Zealand.
J.R. (Ron) Cocks was a Mid Can‑ terbury farmer, a pioneer, a visionary, and a leader in farming affairs. His greatest legacy to New Zealand was his leadership in water issues. The Memorial Award acknowledges his legacy and encourages others to follow his leadership.
Champion of the Amuri Basin community, Norm (Andrew) Williamson is the 2024 recipient of the Ron Cocks Memorial Award, recognising his lifetime of dedication to irrigation and farming in North Canterbury.
Norm Williamson’s arrival in the Amuri Basin in the early 1980s marked the beginning of a transformative era for the region. With a background in agricultural education, farm advisory, and sharemilking, he quickly made an impact, managing one of the area’s first dairy conversions. Under Norm’s stewardship, a 1000acre property was transformed from dryland sheep farming to irrigated dairy production, establishing one of the first borderdyke irrigation systems in the region.
However, it was Norm’s work beyond the farm gate that truly set him apart. For over 30 years he championed the sustainable use of water and the prosperity of Amuri Basin farmers. Norm started as farmer liaison for the Amuri Plains Irrigation Committee and continued as a director, secretary, and ultimately, chair of the Amuri Irrigation Company (AIC).
FROM CRISIS TO COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP
The 1980s were a challenging time for farmers in the Amuri Basin. Severe droughts, soaring water charges, and economic uncertainty plagued the region. Farmers were facing prohibitive costs under Crownoperated irrigation schemes, and it was at this time Norm stepped up, joining the Amuri Plains Irrigation Committee to advocate for fairer water charges.
Norm’s leadership during this time was instrumental when it came to negotiating with the government to purchase the region’s irrigation
schemes. Despite significant challenges, his persistence paid off in 1990 when the newly formed farmerowned AIC acquired the Waiau Plains, Balmoral, and Waiareka Downs schemes for $580,000 plus liabilities – a price significantly lower than the $22–26 million valuation that Treasury had originally given! This pivotal moment secured farmers’ control over their water supply, laying the foundation for the region’s future growth.
VISIONARY LEADERSHIP AT AIC
Norm’s tenure as chair of AIC, from 2001 to 2016, saw transformative changes. Under his guidance, the cooperative embraced a unified governance model, ensuring equitable costsharing and fostering a strong sense of community. He oversaw initiatives such as the $85 million conversion of the irrigation system from open races to a pressurised pipe network, which was completed in 2017. This upgrade reduced energy consumption, increased efficiency, and expanded irrigation capacity across the Basin.
“He had tremendous vision,” reflects Andrew Barton, AIC’s CEO from 2013 to 2023. “The community of the Amuri Basin continues to benefit from Norm’s commitment over many years.”
CHAMPION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Norm prioritised environmental stewardship. Responding to concerns about water quality in the Pahau River, he led the creation of the Pahau
Norm receiving the Ron Cocks Memorial Award from Minister Nicola Grigg.
Enhancement Group in 2005. The group’s communitybased action plan reduced phosphorus and E. coli levels, earning national recognition including the Most Improved River award at the New Zealand River Awards in 2017.
In 2012, Norm spearheaded the implementation of an audited Farm Environment Plan selfmanagement programme, setting a benchmark for responsible water use and nutrient management. His forwardthinking approach extended beyond AIC shareholders to include independent irrigators across the wider region, fostering collaboration and accountability.
A LEGACY OF SERVICE
Norm’s dedication to the Amuri Basin extended far beyond his role at AIC. From serving on the Amuri Area School Board of Trustees for over a decade to advocating for farmers in regulatory discussions, his voluntary contributions were countless.
Reflecting on his father’s legacy, Adam Williamson, a secondgeneration AIC director, says, “I’m very proud of the work Dad did –the foundations he created – which has ensured that the current and future generations of farmers in the Amuri Basin can thrive and be the best stewards of the land as possible.”
Pivotal.
Norm giving his acceptance speech at the 2024 Irrigation Awards.
CELEBRATING A WORTHY WINNER
The Ron Cocks Memorial Award celebrates individuals who exemplify leadership, vision, and dedication to irrigation. Norm Williamson’s impact on the Amuri Basin and its farmers is without question, making him a truly deserving recipient of this honour.
Through decades of tireless effort, Norm has ensured the resilience and prosperity of the Amuri Basin, leaving a legacy that will inspire future generations.
Anderson Lloyd is the trusted legal advisor for major players in New Zealand’s irrigation sector, with a proven ability to deliver results.
We have advised on numerous existing and proposed schemes in the North and South Islands and act for individual farmers and agribusinesses.
Our specialist team advises on all aspects associated with large-scale irrigation schemes including banking, capital raising, commercial contract, resource management and construction matters.
Albertus Burger President, SABI – South African Irrigation Institute
Looking to the future: Navigating the next era
As I write, summer unfurls in South Africa, and farmers are preparing for summer crops. Sectors like citrus and table grapes have entered harvest season for local and export markets. We are in full swing in a season of renewal, growth, and harvest as we head for the Christmas season and the new year.
South Africa’s USD 13 billion (NZD 22 billion) agricultural export sector has become increasingly important to our GDP and crucial as a job creator in our country, which has an unemployment rate of 33 percent. Agriculture’s productivity and innovation are factors we as the irrigation sector are very proud to support and accelerate. Our role in assisting to bolster food security in Africa as a whole is also of great importance to us as a community of irrigation professionals, and we see it as part of our professional role on our great continent.
While we are active year round, our South African irrigation season takes off annually from October. However, 2024 has proved to be an eventful, challenging, and inspiring year overall for the irrigation industry in South Africa on so many fronts. It is a very exciting time to be an irrigation professional, whether a seasoned professional or a young newbie entering the sector.
Reflecting on my journey through the irrigation sector this year, it appears that key areas that will shape our future are innovative technologies and design, sustainable practices, professional and technical skills development, and resilience in the face of climate change and adaptation strategies.
The vital nature of irrigation and the myriad range of challenges and opportunities on our collective plate was particularly emphasised this year, as we held our second SABI Technical Forum in Johannesburg.
SABI Technical Forum 2024 held at the Indaba Hotel, Johannesburg. Three days of technical presentations proved very popular.
SABI high schools training is held at more than 40 schools nationwide now, introducing learners to the industry and water conservation principles.
Last year, we kicked off with the inaugural event in Cape Town. Given the local and offshore support (we had a fair number of internationals flying in for the Forum) I am pleased to report interest in technical skills and knowledge in irrigation is alive and well here in South Africa.
Notably, our new credo – adopted by SABI a couple of years back – is “Creative Irrigation changes the world”, and this is a thread running through all the key areas of irrigation, as I see it.
Our Forum themes distilled many of the key areas, the technical presentations really brought an amazing amount of information to us, and really rigorous debate and knowledge sharing were the order of the day. There were some really meaty presentations to sink our technical teeth into, featuring sessions on subjects including agronomy, technology, design, and business.
It was my responsibility to chair the technology session, and we saw some great presentations here, as you can imagine. Remote management of pumps and intelligent irrigation control for centre pivots were two of many excellent papers presented. The age
of centralised and datadriven technologies in agriculture and irrigation were the order of the day.
Innovative technologies have become gamechangers in irrigation.
Dire need very often in Africa sees great innovation arise. We have seen, for example, due to our loadshedding (electricity blackouts), a massive move by our irrigation farmers and large landscape irrigation estates to renewable power sources of solar and hydro. Many people still dream of using solar in agriculture, and with the correct design support it is a real possibility.
Indeed, sustainability considerations are essential as we confront global environmental pressures, and the move to adapt to and mitigate climate change is clear. We have
noted that as irrigation professionals we are playing escalating roles in sustainability, adaptability, and mitigation in general. Water use efficiency and savings are naturally substantial elements of this.
We observe clearly from our Forum and SABI branch meetings, etc, that the focus on soil health in irrigation is on the rise. The Forum featured a paper titled What years of irrigating and fertilising does to our soil. Our areas of interest in the irrigation sector seem to be encompassing more disciplines as we unite to bolster sustainability.
We have had much discussion about training in irrigation in South Africa, and seen a lot of growth in that area. There is great demand for skills growth in irrigation, and our SABI IrrigationWise Academy has gone
As we look to the future of irrigation in South Africa, I am filled with optimism. By embracing innovation, prioritising sustainability, investing in education, and fostering resilience, we can navigate the complexities and opportunities we are presented with.
SABI’s IrrigationWise Training is conducted year round, with courses offered at all levels, from entry to designer levels. Customised training is also offered and has been held at mega farms such as ZZ2.
from strength to strength in recent years. Training of the next generation of irrigation professionals is crucial for the future of the industry, we believe. We are working hard to finally register irrigation as a vocation with the education training authorities in South Africa. This will be an enormous step forward for all.
As SABI we conduct a range of training activities including agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, irrigation management, and short courses in irrigation in high schools. Training the next generation of irrigation professionals, engineers, and technicians is crucial for the future of the industry. We also believe strongly in promoting irrigation as a career and introducing high school learners to the basic tenets of watersaving in our semiarid country. To this end, a few years ago we embarked on introducing our SABI high school course, which is now facilitated by more than 40 schools nationwide. We started the courses in agricultural high schools and now also present them at traditional schools. We are delighted to say that the learners enjoy the course thoroughly – which incorporates
getting out in the field – and many consider irrigation as a career following the course. A threeday course can be a life changer for high school learners, some who have never been exposed to irrigation as a profession before.
As we look to the future of irrigation in South Africa, I am filled with optimism. By embracing innovation, prioritising sustainability, investing in education, and fostering
resilience, we can navigate the complexities and opportunities we are presented with. Warmest irrigation greetings from us in South Africa to our irrigation cousins in New Zealand.
Visit the South African Irrigation Institute online at www.sabi.co.za. They are also on LinkedIn and Facebook.
Disc Filtration Technology
information contact Water Supply Products: Auckland:
Leader of the House, Minister of Housing, Infrastructure, RMA Reform, Sport and Recreation, and Associate Minister of Finance
Updates on Government policy
This Government is cutting through the red tape that’s been holding back our farmers and growers for too long.
The area of irrigated agricultural land in New Zealand almost doubled between 2002 and 2019, from 384,000 hectares to 735,000 hectares, which is a 91 percent increase. It now comprises 1.3 percent of New Zealand’s land area.
Enabling farmers and growers to irrigate the land needed to feed New Zealanders and grow the high quality produce we’re known for around the world is essential – especially if we’re to meet our ambitious goal of doubling the value of New Zealand’s exports within ten years.
RMA REFORMS
We have already made changes to the Resource Management Act (RMA) to reduce the regulatory burden on farmers and growers. We are progressing our second Resource Management Act Amendment Bill and a package of national direction changes that support development in key sectors, including farming and other primary industries.
This integrated approach, which includes proposals relating to freshwater, water storage, and highly productive land, will look to align policy settings in a way that makes better sense for farmers, growers, foresters, and other land users. Farmers and growers need confidence to invest in higher value land use options, state of the art technologies, improved management practices, and product supply chains that boost employment in rural communities.
We appreciate the commercial vegetable sector is urgently seeking regulatory certainty to support ongoing investment and production for vegetable growing. Our
RMA reform programme will include new and amended national direction provisions to enable vegetable growing. Along with other changes to national direction, I expect this to be up and running around the middle of 2025 – and we’ll have more to say about it early in the new year.
NATIONAL POLICY STATEMENT – FRESHWATER MANAGEMENT
Ministers are currently determining the scope of the review and replacement of the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020 (NPSFM). This includes exploring options to enable vegetable growing and onfarm water storage to support economic and environmental goals.
In October 2024, we amended the RMA to restrict councils’ ability to notify freshwater plans before the NPSFM is replaced (or before 31 December 2025, whichever is sooner). The amendment aims to give water users clarity over regulations and to stop councils from wasting time and resources developing plans that will soon be superseded by the new NPSFM.
The Government took this action because several regional councils looked likely to progress their freshwater planning processes before the replacement NPSFM is in place.
This is about protecting the interests of the primary sector, resource users, and ratepayers. Ratepayers and farmers need certainty, and they don’t deserve to have their money wasted.
Councils will still have an avenue to progress their freshwater plans in some circumstances by requesting approval from the Environment Minister. One example is where doing so would more quickly enable key housing or infrastructure projects to
go ahead.
We look forward to working alongside councils as we develop the replacement NPSFM.
FAST-TRACK APPROVALS BILL
The Government released the list of 149 projects selected for inclusion in the Fast Track Approvals Bill in October 2024. The projects have significant regional or national benefits and will deliver jobs in development, infrastructure, renewable energy, housing, marine farming, and other sectors nationwide.
Once the Bill is passed, these projects will be able to apply to the Environmental Protection Authority to have an expert panel assess the project and apply relevant conditions.
The list of projects includes seven aquaculture and farming projects, three water storage projects that will support irrigation, and a forestry project.
These first projects will help stimulate industries and regions, and more projects will be able to apply to enter the Fasttrack onestopshop process once the Bill has passed later this year.
Our Government is committed to backing our farmers, growers, foresters, and other land users who are the backbone of New Zealand’s economy – and these reforms are just the start.
Making a 25‑year plan for climate change: A view from a climate scientist
Dr Andrew Tait is NIWA’s (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research) Chief Scientist for Climate, Atmosphere and Hazards. He has worked in the field of climate science, climate hazards, and climate change adaptation both domestically and internationally for close to 30 years. The one thing he thinks is most needed today to prepare for climate change is to have a 25‑year plan.
I’m very much a visual person. I have a large whiteboard in my office, and I’m most productive when I’m drawing all over it with boxes, circles, doubleheaded arrows, and bulletpointed text. I get people to sit down in front of it and I go through what I’ve produced, editing and adding and redrawing based on their feedback. Invariably, it’s the conversation that’s most insightful and useful, as we all get on the same page with others and work out a connected way forward. The whiteboard is a tool. The outcome is a plan.
People make plans all the time, using all sorts of tools. There is nothing new or strange about planning, and it’s not rocket science to identify the actions, timeframes, and investment required to achieve your planned goals. So, why aren’t we doing this well to prepare for climate change?
My guess is that it comes down to two things: climate changes are uncertain and the timeframe is long. Both of these factors make decisionmaking difficult. Think about the opposite case; when you know for sure what’s coming in the next couple of days. You make a choice and do something to prepare for the event, and as a result you’re more resilient to the change or possibly even benefit from it. How can we develop this resilience to longterm uncertain climate changes and benefit from them?
I reckon we do it by each of us creating a 25year plan. This is how I would do it.
First, I’d get several sheets of butcher
paper, as I think I will need more space than my whiteboard. I’d take one sheet and draw today’s reality. If I’m a farmer, I’d map out how my farm works today. Maybe you want to do that as an annual flow diagram – at this time of year we do this, and at this time of year we do that, etc. Put as much relevant information on the page as possible, such as your inputs, outputs, dependencies, supply chain, market, and finances. It’s up to you how you conceive it, and you might need more than one sheet. The goal is to end up with a visualisation of today’s reality for you. Stick it up on the left side of a blank wall and spend some time looking at it, showing it to people, editing, adding, redrawing, and discussing it.
Next, consider the disruption of this reality that could be caused by climate change. On a new piece of paper list all the climate hazards and the likely range of changes you will be exposed to between now and 2050. Use currently available resources to help you, e.g., freely available climate projections from the Ministry for the Environment (MfE), climate change reports from your regional council, and impact studies performed by agricultural or horticultural specialists. Don’t get bogged down in detail or uncertainty. It’s enough to know that droughts could be longer and more frequent in your region by about twice as much as today. You don’t need to know the numbers to two decimal places. Put this sheet of paper on a different wall and take a
break for a few days, as this stuff can cause a lot of worry.
When your head’s clear, get another sheet of paper and plot out your ideal 2050 reality. If you’re a farmer, then show what your farm will look like and how it will operate in 25 years. Be positive and focus on sustainability. This should show your ideal reality, not a dystopian future. Use the same kind of framing and metrics that you used to draw today’s reality. Look at the climate disruption sheet from time to time to ground yourself. It is important that you visualise your future reality as a place in which you really want to live, where your family and community are thriving, even with the climate changes that will occur. Put this sheet up on the wall right next to the sheet showing today’s reality, and stare at them both for a long time. Bring in your people and go through the discussion and editing phase again. Try not to think about how you will get from today’s reality to your ideal future; that comes next. Right now, just focus on what that future ideal reality looks like. When you’re done, this becomes your longterm goal.
The final step is where the magic happens. Not magic as in waving a wand and making a wish; I mean the magic of inspirational light bulbs going on, and you taking control of your future. This is where you make a plan to get from today’s reality to your ideal future. Part A of this step is to take your future reality sheet of paper down off the wall and,
Adaptation Pathways
Maladaptive Space
Adaptive Space
Adaptation Pathways. (Source: Reisinger 2014)
Maladaptive Space
People make plans all the time, using all sorts of tools. There is nothing new or strange about planning, and it’s not rocket science to identify the actions, timeframes, and investment required to achieve your planned goals. So, why aren’t we doing this well to prepare for climate change?
magically, stick it back up on the right side of the same wall. Look at what you have just achieved! You have given yourself space to think. You’ve created a gap on your wall that represents 25 years between today and 2050. You’ve taken one of the biggest problems in dealing with climate change and turned it into a positive feature – the long timeframe is actually a good thing as it gives us time to consider our options and be purposeful, logical, and proactive.
Part B of the final step is going to be messy, will take a lot of time, and you will probably go through many sheets of paper. This is when you work through the possible pathways between the left and right sides of your wall. It is good to think in terms of pathways because paths don’t need to be straight lines. They can bend, divide, and have forks where choices can be made to go one way or another. My guess is that you might take up all the space from the floor to the ceiling with these possible pathways. Bring in your people again. Bring in other people. Then bring in more other people who think quite differently. Be creative, but also realistic. Keep checking the climate disruption sheet on the side wall and test your pathways against these future hazards. Draw circles around key elements, actions, and decision or investment points. Think about what you will need to look out for and measure over time. Identify preferred pathways. These might be leastcost pathways, or ones that open up new opportunities, or maybe both!
There is a chance that going through the pathway process leads you to modify your longterm goal. Or perhaps you reveal an alternate future reality that wasn’t conceivable before you started. Don’t be afraid to change your goal, as long as it is still positive, sustainable, and inspiring. In the same sense you shouldn’t be concerned if you need to change your preferred pathway or create a new one at some stage in the future. The rate of climate change is uncertain and other unexpected things may affect you. Adapt the plan and move on. The point is you have a plan, you’re taking action, and you’re in control. That’s such a good space to be in.
For now, get the deck chairs out and set them up in front of your wall. Open some beers, sit down with your people, and marvel at what you’ve created together. You have just made a 25year plan for climate change, and it’s bloody good. Maybe take a photo and send it to me. I’ll print it out and put it on my whiteboard.
Getting ahead of the game with consent renewals
If your consent expires within the next two years, start thinking about what information you may need, and if you need a consultant to help you apply.
The environment and the regulations have changed since you last applied for your consent. This means you’ll probably need to supply more information than before –such as how you’ll manage the environmental effects of your consented activity.
Two years may seem early to get started on your application, but a long lead-in time may be needed. You may be required to get technical science reports, undertake consultation with your neighbours, tāngata whenua (Ngāi Tahu), users of the same water source, or interest groups like Fish & Game.
Getting the ball rolling early
Consents need to be lodged six months before the expiry date to gain continuance under Section 124 (S124) of the Resource Management Act. S124 continuance allows you to continue operating if your consent expires while we’re still processing the new consent application.
If you don’t get a S124 continuance, this can have consequences for your business. For example, if your activity is related to water take or use in a catchment that has been overallocated, you may not be able to continue the activities covered by your consent.
How our pre-application service can help
Consent renewals are unique to each application, depending on the activity’s scale and significance. By discussing your proposal with us through our preapplication service, we can evaluate the potential environmental effects of your activities. It also helps others who may be affected to clearly understand your intentions.
Between our duty planner and pre-application services, we can offer advice on:
• types of resource consents needed
• supporting information required
• groups who should be consulted
• the application process
• review of the technical reports or assessments required
• review of draft applications
• the feasibility of your proposal.
The first hour of our pre-application service is free. For information on our fees and charges, visit ecan.govt.nz/consent-fees-and-charges
Contact us
If you have questions, our Advisory Services team can put you in touch with our duty planner – phone 0800 324 636 or email ecinfo@ecan.govt.nz
2G and 3G services ending in 2025
With telecommunications companies upgrading their networks to 4G, some are looking to remove 2G and 3G services in 2025. If your water measuring and recording equipment’s still on 2G or 3G, you will need to upgrade or replace these with 4G-capable ones. Talk to your service provider about this change and when it’s likely to affect you.
New model gives clearer picture of the Rakaia River
Canterbury’s unique braided rivers are an icon of our region. But accounting for how water moves through them is also a unique challenge.
A unique landscape
High in the Cascade and Rolleston ranges of the Southern Alps, rainfall, glacier melt and snowmelt trickle down slopes into wide gravel channels and streams, winding their way between the peaks and converging south of Lake Coleridge.
From there it flows downgradient, forming one channel as it is squeezed between Mount Hutt and Fighting Hill.
As the mighty Rakaia River emerges from the Rakaia Gorge, it again flattens, slows and spreads out into Aotearoa’s widest riverbed. It is crossed by the nation’s longest bridge at the town that bears its name, before discharging into a wide lagoon when it reaches the Pacific Ocean.
A protected taonga
The outstanding characteristics of the Rakaia River were officially recognized in 1988, with the granting of the Rakaia Water Conservation Order (RWCO).
The RWCO identified the river’s braided form; the wildlife habitat around the gorge; and the fisheries and recreational features as outstanding natural characteristics deserving of protection.
However, a changing and variable climate is giving us more dry summers and years with low snowfall, leading to more frequent low flows in the river.
These low flows are especially apparent near the river mouth, where anglers fish for trout and salmon moving between the freshwater and saltwater environments.
An economic asset
Despite the protections afforded by the RWCO, the Rakaia is also an important economic driver for Canterbury, providing irrigation water for hundreds of nearby farms, and hydroelectricity for the Lake Coleridge power station.
As the regulator, it’s our job to ensure that these water uses don’t impact the protected characteristics of the river, and the RWCO helps us do so by setting minimum flow limits, below which water can’t be taken.
Water users have resource consents that grant them permission to take water from the river, when it is above minimum flows.
Among the conditions of these consents are reporting requirements. All water takes are required to have flow recorders that measure water taken in 15-minute intervals and report these data to us daily.
Building a model of river flow
While it’s possible to measure flow where the Rakaia is confined to one channel, it’s not feasible to account for river flow across the plains.
This has led to questions on why low flows are often seen at the river mouth. To answer these questions, we’ve built the Rakaia Water Balance Model.
This model takes data from a flow recorder operated by NIWA near Fighting Hill in the Rakaia Gorge, accounts for natural seepage to groundwater, adds water discharged from Highbank Power Station, and subtracts water abstracted by water users to calculate the daily average flow at the river mouth.
Because we receive some of our data at 24-hour intervals, our model calculates flows as an average over each day, and operates with a two-day time lag.
Our hope is that this information will assist all those who interact with this river to understand the variables that influence its flow.
Rakaia River at Fighting Hill
River at river mouth
Rakaia River flow level
Managing effluent well
When managed well, dairy effluent is a valuable resource that can increase the productivity of your pasture and reduce your fertiliser costs.
Good effluent management means having a well-designed system with proper processes to ensure the right amount of effluent gets applied to pasture at the right time. Untreated effluent entering surface water or groundwater poses a risk to human health and water quality. It is also a breach of environmental regulations.
Staying compliant when managing effluent
Managing effluent correctly means complying with the Canterbury Land and Water Regional Plan, the conditions of your consent and exercising Good Management Practice (GMP) to avoid environmental impacts. It also helps you get the most value from the nutrients.
If you have a resource consent to discharge animal effluent, you will have two sets of compliance measures you must meet – the conditions of your resource consent, and your Farm Environment Plan (FEP) objectives and targets relating to effluent management.
Our Resource Management Officers (RMOs) carry out monitoring inspections on farms to assess consent and rule compliance for many farming activities including effluent storage and discharge.
An independent FEP auditor will visit your farm to verify your farming practices against industry-agreed GMP objectives, check your records and paperwork to assess their confidence that your farm is achieving the objectives and targets set out in your FEP appendix.
Some of our top tips for good effluent management are:
• Check soil moisture levels regularly
Applying effluent to saturated soils can result in ponding and run-off. Manage your effluent application rates based on seasonal conditions, reducing the rate when soil moisture is elevated.
• Choose application times wisely
Effluent is best applied to actively growing pastures (ideally post-grazing) at a rate that can infiltrate the soil without ponding or causing run-off, avoids draining below plant roots and is spread evenly.
• Have sufficient storage available
Ensure there’s enough storage to get you through the wet times and avoid application on saturated soils.
• Monitor your equipment and application
This helps identify issues like leaking hoses or blocked nozzles promptly.
• Keep records
As part of your Farm Environment Plan and consent obligations you will need to keep records of all effluent applications, including application depths/volume applied and any equipment repairs.
• Educate your staff
Training in operation and management helps ensure GMP is followed, and any issues are flagged early.
If you have any questions about effluent management, contact our Advisory Services team on 0800 324 636 or email ecinfo@ecan.govt.nz and they can put you in touch with your local land management advisor.
Quad bike safety
The versatility of quad bikes make them a popular choice on-farm. However, the fact that they are so versatile can mean they are pushed beyond their limits, which sometimes results in claims for our clients, unfortunately On average, FMG receives a claim for a quad rollover or accident every day. Over the past five years FMG has received 2,000 claims for quad rollovers and accidents, worth over $8.1 million.
So while a quad is a great tool for getting the job done, we are asking our farmers and growers to make sure their safety remains paramount. Here are some essential safety tips to help ensure you and your quad bike stay safe on the farm.
Newer
quads more likely to roll
Quads that are two years old or newer at the time of the incident account for half of all rollover claims, despite accounting for only a quarter of the quads insured. Subtle handling differences can exist between manufacturers, and even between different models of the same vehicle. If you’re buying a new quad be sure to get the retailer to explain the handling differences between your old and new machine.
Rollovers more common in early summer
We see an increase in claims in early summer (November to January). This coincides with an increase in mustering and spraying jobs in sheep and beef farming regions.
Better to let the sheep get away than the quad
More than one in five quad accidents occur when the rider is distracted or not actively looking where they’re going. Whether you’re moving the cows, mustering sheep, or thinking about what’s for dinner, always assess the terrain. If the ground ahead looks risky, be prepared to let livestock escape or the menu to be decided later. Protecting yourself is more important than chasing after a few way ward sheep.
Park brake at the gate
Almost 20 percent of accidents have happened when the rider has hopped off and the quad has moved (in neutral with no park brake) or driven away by itself and rolled (accelerator has been hit either by getting off or by a dog). The most common scenario where this occurs is when the rider is getting off to open and shut gates. To mitigate this risk, always engage the park brake when getting off the bike. This simple step can prevent a runaway machine and potential accidents that could result in injury or damage.
Pre ride checks are crucial
Before every ride, conduct a thorough pre-ride inspection. Ensuring your bike is in optimal condition can significantly reduce the risk of accidents. Pay attention to uneven tyre pressure, as even a minor imbalance can affect stability, making rollovers more likely.
While quad bikes are essential tools for jobs on the farm, safety must always come first. Remember, a moment’s attention can prevent accidents, ensuring your farm activities remain safe and productive.
For more information and to enter to win a crush protection device for your quad, head over to fmg.co.nz
A year in review: A time of change
In this issue we reflect on a time of transformation, not only in the evolving policy and regulatory landscape, but also within the IrrigationNZ team itself.
With Stephen McNally stepping into the role of acting CEO in late November 2024, we have welcomed Nick Adams as our new principal technical advisor. Nick, an engineer with extensive experience in water systems design and irrigation management, is a familiar face to many in the sector. He has specialised expertise in viticulture irrigation and frost protection design, and brings valuable operational insight from setting up and managing the irrigation/frost fighting at the Indevin Bankhouse Estate (formerly Winegrowers of Ara) in Marlborough. Read more about Nick on page 29
Nick’s experience also includes significant project work alongside Opus WSP teams on major developments such as Ashburton Lyndhurst Irrigation, Central Plains Water, and MHV Water schemes. His comprehensive skill set and deep industry knowledge will add depth to IrrigationNZ’s technical capability as we navigate the challenges and opportunities of the coming months.
This Year in Review provides a snapshot of our work, highlighting the breadth of issues we deal with and the intensity of engagement required to drive change. Through our collaboration and innovation,
we are confident that the irrigation sector will continue to play a vital role in New Zealand’s landscape by supporting our communities, environment, and food production sector for generations to come.
Reflecting on the past year, it is clear that New Zealand’s irrigation landscape continues to evolve, navigating through a complex weave of environmental challenges, policy changes, and an evergrowing need for best practice water management. As detailed in the advocacy section of the 2024 IrrigationNZ Annual Report, our engagement across numerous government agencies highlights a year where the direction of irrigation and water management was shaped by factors beyond just regulatory shifts, from climate variability to structural changes in education and workforce development.
THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE AND INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS
The stark realities of last summer’s El Niño weather pattern brought about drier and windier conditions in many districts, underscoring the urgency of water security and sustainable irrigation practices. We are pleased to see government programs advancing, like the Ministry for Primary Industries’ (MPI) Water Availability and Security initiative and the Kānoa Regional Infrastructure Fund, that recognise the freshwater challenges facing our
communities and support well thoughtout infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of changing weather. For regions like Northland and Hawke’s Bay, bringing online new storage and distribution projects has demonstrated genuine multisector water user benefits, providing valuable case studies on how timely infrastructure support can enhance resilience for both agricultural and urban needs.
POLICY ENGAGEMENT AND SECTOR ADVOCACY
Throughout the year, IrrigationNZ has collaborated with several government bodies to ensure that irrigation’s voice remains central in policy developments. A key area of focus has and will be the proposed reforms to the Resource Management Act (RMA). This, and updates to the National Environmental Standards for Drinking Water (NESDW) and the National Policy Statement on Highly Productive Land (NPSHPL), are examples of policy reform demanding our input. Our written submissions backed up with constructive discussions have emphasised the need for regulatory frameworks that are not only environmentally sound but also practical and supportive of food production and community wellbeing.
Our submission on the FastTrack Approvals Bill, for instance, underscored the importance of streamlined processes to
facilitate several water infrastructure projects we see as vital for longterm food security and community resilience. While we welcomed the urgency of advancing these projects, we cautioned against rushed legislation that could undermine collaborative decisionmaking, particularly regarding community interests in water use and the essential role of the Māori agricultural sector in water stewardship.
TOWARDS A NATIONAL WATER STRATEGY
Our advocacy was underpinned by championing the need for a cohesive, national approach to water management. A National Water Strategy would offer a more integrated framework, aligning storage and distribution infrastructure across urban and rural water needs, supporting agriculture, industry, hydro energy, and ecological health. We strongly believe this strategy would foster a bipartisan, intergenerational focus on water, ensuring crosssector collaboration and a balanced approach to water resource management. Such a strategy has the potential to address water’s multifaceted role across New Zealand’s landscapes.
DAM SAFETY AND RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
IrrigationNZ has taken an active stance on dam safety regulations, as these impact numerous smallscale rural dam owners who are crucial to our sector. Working with the Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) and other stakeholders, we advocated for practical amendments to the Dam Safety Regulations, which ultimately led to amending the size/capacity threshold for classifiable dams. This adjustment has significantly reduced compliance costs for the rural sector, enabling dam operators to focus on genuine risk management in a way that better aligns with water storage’s role in the landscape and community.
Clear guidance and accessible compliance support tools remain necessary as many rural dam owners continue to navigate the complexities of these regulations. IrrigationNZ is committed to developing tools that simplify compliance, focusing
on safety without overwhelming smaller operators with undue administrative burdens.
EVOLVING THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION LANDSCAPE
Addressing the training needs of New Zealand’s irrigation workforce has been a recurring theme in our work this year. As Te Pūkenga and the Workforce Development Councils restructure rural skillsbased training, IrrigationNZ has actively lobbied for a system that recognises the unique skill sets required in the irrigation sector. Our learners typically work across farms, orchards, and vineyards rather than in manufacturing or engineering contexts, and learning is often supported in the workplace rather than offsite. Therefore, alignment of qualifications and training delivery programs with the food and fibre sector is essential to attract and retain talent and ensure our industry’s sustainability.
This year, we highlighted the inefficiencies in the current Vocational Education and Training (VET) system and advocated for a model that meets smaller industries’ bespoke training needs. Formalising our training offerings within the primary sector framework would allow us to provide accessible, tailored
training without the constraints of volumebased funding models that often hinder niche sectors.
THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
As New Zealand faces growing demands for sustainable food production, research and innovation in irrigation must keep pace. Our submissions to the Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment’s Science System Advisory Group emphasised the importance of applied research that translates directly to ontheground practices in water management. Encouraging crosssectoral partnerships and better funding access keeps irrigation at the forefront of innovation, ensuring efficient and environmentally responsible water use. However, we remain concerned about the lack of direction in core agricultural science funding after the National Science Challenge ended in early 2024.
CHALLENGES IN DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
One of the most contentious issues we have addressed this year has been the ongoing proposals to amend the National Environmental
Standards for Drinking Water (NESDW).
Our continued opposition reflects our concerns that additional restrictions on land use are unnecessary given existing regulations and the highly effective role played by Taumata Arowai – the Water Services Authority. Ensuring drinking water safety is paramount, but the approach must balance the multifunctional use of water sources across the country.
HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE LAND –PROTECTING OUR SOILS
Equally pressing is the issue of land classification. We believe the amendments to the National Policy Statement for Highly Productive Land (NPSHPL) conflict with the policy’s original purpose: protecting fertile soils for future food production. Allowing infrastructure developments like solar farms on highly productive land sets a concerning precedent that could permanently limit New Zealand’s agricultural potential. Our advocacy aims to safeguard productive land, ensuring that infrastructure projects align with broader landuse priorities that respect and preserve New Zealand’s fertile landscape.
LOOKING AHEAD: BUILDING RESILIENCE IN AN UNCERTAIN CLIMATE
The extreme flood and drought events of this past year underscore the urgency of a wellcoordinated national strategic response to climate change rather than just addressing emergencies. With our submissions to the Finance and Expenditure Committee on climate adaptation we highlighted the need for robust planning around water management infrastructure that can help society manage future climate scenarios. From droughts to floods, coupled with increasing global population, the demands on New Zealand’s freshwater systems will only increase, requiring a resilient and more certain policy framework that can adapt to climate unpredictability.
Through our submissions, partnerships, and advocacy, we have laid the groundwork for a future where irrigation is recognised as a cornerstone of New Zealand’s food production capacity. Our commitment to advancing practical, informed water policies, supported by education and best management training, remains steadfast as we aim to secure a resilient future for all New Zealanders.
The past year has indeed been one of change – marked by both challenges and opportunities. As we look to the future, IrrigationNZ’s role as an advocate and leader in water management will continue to grow. Our mission remains clear: to work with stakeholders, government agencies, and our members to build a sustainable, resilient, and prosperous irrigation sector. We thank all who have supported us throughout this journey and look forward to making even greater strides in the year ahead.
Are you interested in viewing our recent submissions to learn how we have been advocating for our industry? Scan the QR code below or visit www.irrigationnz.co.nz/ News/SubmissionsNational
Introducing Nick Adams
Principal Technical Advisor, IrrigationNZ
Nick Adams brings 30 years of extensive experience in water engineering, primarily within New Zealand’s irrigation sector. His Bachelor of Engineering degree has provided the foundation for his work across numerous aspects of the industry. This includes roles with contractors specialising in the design, supply, and installation of irrigation systems; direct work with growers to design, build, and operate irrigation systems; and positions with consultancies advising on, developing, designing, and supervising irrigation system construction.
The scale of the projects he has worked on ranges from large-scale irrigation schemes, such as Central Plains and Ashburton Lyndhurst, to smaller but highly complex projects. His expertise extends beyond irrigation to include wastewater to land treatment, on-farm potable water treatment, water storage, and stormwater management.
Nick recently joined Irrigation New Zealand as the acting principal technical advisor, where he continues to contribute his extensive knowledge and skills to the industry.
INHD 10/23
Why an Operational and Maintenance (O&M) manual is critical
Whether you know your irrigation system like the back of your hand, have just inherited an existing setup, or are the proud owner of a brand new system, an operational and maintenance (O&M) manual is essential. A good O&M manual enables a novice to quickly become proficient in operating their irrigation system. For an expert, it serves as a reliable reference point that they will turn to time and again. Without an O&M manual, numerous problems can arise.
A lack of critical equipment settings, such as duty point flow and pressure settings for pumps and valves, leaves operators guessing. This “blind” operation accelerates equipment wear and leads to poor system performance over time.
Similarly, the absence of an asset replacement schedule allows critical components to deteriorate unchecked. Without planning, staff resources are stretched thin, and inefficiencies compound. Operators often resort to reactive problemsolving instead of proactive irrigation management. As a result, system performance suffers. Water may be applied inefficiently, energy wasted, and the system’s overall effectiveness compromised.
The risks go beyond inefficiencies in water scheduling. Premature equipment failure becomes almost inevitable without routine maintenance and proper operational settings. The absence of clear instructions increases the likelihood of errors, amplifying wear and tear on system components. Ultimately, the longterm sustainability of the system is jeopardised.
These issues highlight the importance of having a comprehensive O&M manual. Such a manual should:
• describe the purpose of the irrigation system
• include comprehensive plans detailing what the system comprises, where components are located, and how they are interconnected
• provide an equipment schedule with details on the make, size, material, and purpose of each component
• offer clear instructions on operating, monitoring, and maintaining the system.
The operator is the primary user of the O&M manual. While the designer and supplier contribute to its creation, the operator must have input to ensure it is practical and relevant to daily use.
An effective O&M manual must be both comprehensive and editable without being overly complicated. A complicated or static manual risks becoming a paperweight. Conversely, a wellorganised, userfriendly, and easily updated manual becomes an invaluable tool that will be continuously referenced.
Should it be updated? Absolutely. It must be editable to incorporate corrections and reflect future changes to the irrigation system.
While the design phase of an irrigation system is critical, ongoing management and training are equally important. Manuals provide continuity during staff turnover or when upskilling is required, ensuring that
While the design phase of an irrigation system is critical, ongoing management and training are equally important. Manuals provide continuity during staff turnover or when upskilling is required, ensuring that knowledge is preserved and accessible.
knowledge is preserved and accessible.
As irrigation systems grow more sophisticated, the need for robust documentation and relevant operator training cannot be overstated. Irrigation systems are significant investments, and their success hinges on proper management.
An O&M manual is not just a formality; it is essential for achieving longterm efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. Investing in a highquality manual—and supporting operator training—will yield significant dividends in system performance and reliability.
2024 Blue Tick Water Measurement Workshop
During October, Irrigation New Zealand hosted a twoday Blue Tick Water Measurement Workshop in Palmerston North. While telemetry was a key focus, the real value lay in creating a space for participants to share best practices, discuss challenges, and ask hardtoanswer questions. The workshop encouraged knowledge sharing and group participation, with many attendees presenting formally or sharing insights. Below is a recap of the sessions and the key takeaways.
WATER METER DATA –BEYOND COMPLIANCE
The workshop began with a session exploring the evolving purpose of water use records. In 2010, when the Resource Management (Measurement and Reporting of Water Takes) Regulations first came out, water meter records were typically seen as a compliance monitoring tool. James King from the Min
istry for the Environment talked about the 2020 changes to the regulations which saw the introduction of 15minute interval data becoming mandatory for consented takes over 5 litres per second. In a world of freshwater policy reform, these regulations are some of the few not being changed at the Ministry.
We then heard from Vicky Bloomer from Drop Consulting Ltd about the shift in attitudes toward meter data and its use. In 2010, water meter records were typically assessed to make sure consent holders were complying with consented rates of take, volumes of abstraction, and bans when rivers reached low flow conditions. Data is now also being used for many other reasons, such as reviewing allocation during consent renewals, watersharing opportunities, scientific modelling, and onfarm leak detection and efficiency gains.
Ilja van Nieuwpoort presented to the group about the way Environment Canter
Attendees at the 2024 Water Measurement Workshop.
bury (ECan) have been using water use records in science modelling, consent renewal, state of the environment reporting, and regional planning. She also presented a case study of how ECan’s scientists are using the data to naturalise the flows in Canterbury rivers in order to understand the cumulative effects of water takes. Part of this process was looking at the data sets and identifying gaps in the data. From this, they could then create synthetic data where necessary by looking at what was happening on neighbouring properties.
Krissy SadlerBridge from Levno, a Blue Tick Data Host, presented a case study based in South Taranaki where 1,200 telemetry devices were being installed for a rural water scheme. With metering and near realtime monitoring, the scheme is avoiding unnecessary and costly infrastructure expansion by quickly detecting leaks, saving both the system and users money.
VERIFICATION FIELD TRIP
The afternoon featured a field trip to the property of local farmer, Terry Curtis. Once there, a discussion was held on meter verifications, and attendees witnessed a flow rig and a clamp on meter in action.
While equipment challenges arose, these
became learning opportunities, demonstrating the importance of using trained people to do verifications.
A key learning moment came when the farm’s meter was found to be faulty, happily reporting zero flow despite the fact that water was flowing through it. This was the first “uh huh” moment of the field trip and was a perfect example for a discussion earlier in the day about “What is a zero?” when assessing telemetry data. Do zeros truly mean no flow, or can they be indicators that there is something wrong?
The flow rig and the clamp on meter were reading flow, however a quick check revealed the two meters were giving readings with a difference in excess of 10 percent. The discovery of an incorrect setting led to the adjusting of the transducer spacing which ultimately reduced the difference in reading to within +/5 percent of each other. This was used as another teaching moment, demonstrating the importance of checking your work, whether it be setting up the meter, reading the meter correctly, or having a suitable test methodology.
Special thanks to the Blue Tick companies which provided assistance. GroWater, for providing the flow rig and attempting meter repairs, WaterForce Hornby for lending a clamp on meter, and Liquid Action for providing the FlowCheck unit.
DATA QUALITY CODING
While much of the event was to discuss the importance of gathering accurate water use data, we also explored the ongoing challenges of assessing the data for quality coding.
Paul Peters from Horizons Regional Council presented on the work Horizons are doing to quality code their data. He talked the group through the quality coding schema contained with the National Environmental Standard for Water Meter Data. Horizons are in the unique position of owning and maintaining nearly all the telemetry/reporting equipment in their region. This allows them to check each site at least annually and compare the physical meters totaliser with the data reported via telemetry. They look for missing records and then code the data accordingly.
Ilja van Nieuwpoort presented on what ECan is doing to assess data quality but not against the National Environmental Monitoring Standards (NEMS). With over 8000 sites and numerous third party installers, maintainers, and data hosts, they are unable to assess all data sets against the NEMS.
They look at the data if they want to use it for science modelling purposes or when a consent renewal application is made, but it is not an annual task. If quality coding could be done somewhat automatically, this would ease the resourcing required.
LESSONS FROM INSTALLING TELEMETRY EN MASSE
Jo Rodgers of Hawke’s Bay Regional Council (HBRC) presented her observations on additional users adopting telemetry under the new regulations. While many already had telemetry, some of the big challenges the Council faced included convincing consent holders – especially small users – that they needed to comply, incorrect installations, and poorly completed paperwork.
The next challenge they faced was Cyclone Gabrielle. The destructive event resulted in significant loss for some families. As the recovery continues, HBRC has given a six month extension from
Stephen McNally from IrrigationNZ and Vicky Bloomer from Drop Consulting, setting up the clamp on meter.
Classroom discussion. Room courtesy of Horizons Regional Council.
Levno on-location production warehouse – water telemetry hardware assembly in the South Taranaki district.
3 September 2024 for the 10–20l/sec takes to become compliant.
Krissy SadlerBridge extended her presentation of the South Taranaki Water Scheme telemetry rollout, detailing the logistical challenges of bulk shipping and importation, along with the challenge of locating all of the existing water meters.
Finding existing water meters was done by mapping the known locations and using Google Street View to identify others. Devices were installed in waves with specialist crews conducting the installation, with another crew following behind connecting the devices to the network.
COMPLEX CONSENT CONDITIONS
Andrew Munn from Harvest, a Blue Tick Data Management company, presented on the complexity of councils’ consent conditions and the challenges they present for data hosts trying to help their consent holders stay within consented limits.
With many companies now setting up text and email alerts for their clients, intricate consent conditions are requiring tailored alerts based on varying time spans. The range of these spans include daily, weekly, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, etc, and seasonal volumes. This demonstrated the lack of consistency across and within councils, as well as the growing complexity this caused for compliance monitoring via alerts.
It was acknowledged that while complex conditions were allowing for greater water flexibility, they also led to an increase in bespoke coding for alerts to customers and made compliance monitoring for customers harder.
LORA
Jacob Channon from Horizons Regional Council introduced the group to Horizons’ LoRa (long range) radio network, a costeffective alternative to cellularbased telemetry for remote data collection. While the system was proving to be both reliable and significantly cheaper to set up, the network’s limited data capacity does pose a risk of data loss if signal interruptions occur.
Blue Tick training update
Over the last ten years the Blue Tick programme has continued to grow. It is now a well-recognised and credible programme within the industry, with 56 Blue Tick accredited companies spread across New Zealand.
As part of the Blue Tick programme, IrrigationNZ assesses people completing the two unit standards of NZQA 27445 –Select, oversee installation, and commission a full pipe water measurement system and NZQA 27556 – Carry out a full pipe water measurement system verification. The graph below shows the growth in the number of learners completing these unit standards, or “workbooks”. The increase in registration rates since 2021 is attributed to the change in regulations of 2020, an increased push by some regional councils to require/ promote Blue Tick companies in their region, and companies recognising the benefit of offering their staff professional development through the completion of the workbooks.
Verification and installation workbook training, 2018–2024.
At the end of 2023 the unit standards were subject to their five-yearly review. The review was completed by Muka Tangata, the food and fibre sector Workforce Development Council, in conjunction with representatives from the industry. During this review the unit standards were checked for accuracy and relevance, resulting in a few minor changes being made to both.
As an assessor of the unit standards, IrrigationNZ then reviewed and updated their assessment material and submitted it to Muka Tangata for pre-moderation.
During the review, the group agreed that each unit standard should become a micro-credential and that a third unit standard on telemetry should also be developed. While approval to teach the micro-credentials is still being finalised, it is hopeful they will be ready to teach in the new year.
In the meantime, IrrigationNZ is looking to put together a technical working group interested in looking at the training and assessment material required for the telemetry unit standard and how it would fit into the Blue Tick Accreditation programme. If you are interested, please contact Julie Melhopt on jmelhopt@irrigationnz.co.nz
Andy Hagan General Manager Infrastructure Delivery New Zealand Infrastructure Commission – Te Waihanga
Taking care of tomorrow today: Irrigation asset planning
Compared with other countries, New Zealand’s infrastructure has been developed recently. In fact, 90 percent of our roading, schools, hospitals, power supplies, and water networks have been built since 1950, and over half within the last 30 years. This means that for most infrastructure we haven’t yet started on its first cycle of renewal.
This focus on planning, financing, and building new infrastructure may be partly to blame for the fact that, collectively, we don’t generally have a great track record of maintaining our infrastructure.
In 2023, New Zealand was ranked nearly lowest amongst OECD countries in terms of infrastructure governance. This finding was recently backed up by a report from the New Zealand Infrastructure Commission – Te Waihanga titled Taking care of tomorrow today: Asset management state of play.
This report paints a confronting picture, pointing to generally low levels of asset management systems and processes across nearly all of New Zealand’s public infrastructure. Where there are more mature (advanced) asset management systems and practices, this is often where an asset and its service are closely linked. For instance, we see more maturity with roading asset management systems and processes (where the road condition dictates the transport experience) than with hospital asset management (where a healthcare outcome is not explicitly linked to a building’s condition).
The report says that, apart from several large schemes, the level of asset management maturity across the irrigation sector is low, although “there is a close relationship between the owners of irrigation schemes and the operation of the schemes” which “ensures that assets do provide the services that are demanded of them at an operational level”. The reports scored the sector worst in ‘system and improvement’, where it noted “little documentation of a systemised management of assets, and little improvement planning or action”.
So what does good look like in managing infrastructure assets, and how does one set oneself up to improve?
Consider the service and how to deliver it
Good asset management is about effectively building, maintaining, and renewing infrastructure to provide a certain, desired level of service. This involves focusing on the service and the level you want this at. This is the number one principle for getting the best value from any infrastructure – know what you want to deliver, and then figure out how to do this in the way that best suits your needs.
Deciding on a level of service and how this can be best delivered will help you to define the mix of assets and tools you may need. This could include pricing mechanisms to reduce demand or wastage. For instance, water availability in municipal supplies and roading travel times are driven by the peak demand for these services. These peaks can be reduced through pricing – which in turn improves a system’s efficiency and can reduce or delay the need for further capital investment.
One must also consider the maintenance and renewals profile of existing assets. What is the optimal maintenance regime for the assets to deliver the desired service level? When’s the ideal time to renew them, and what’s the cost of this?
Key is, of course, understanding the state of the assets and their interdependencies with other assets and networks, which one may or may not have control over (e.g. power, roading, telecommunications, other water supplies / users, etc).
Look after what you’ve got
Keeping on top of maintenance and renewals is important. If we stop painting the house, at some point the weatherboards will need replacing. Still, there’s an important balance here between maintenance and renewal costs and an asset’s capital cost. For instance, how much maintenance do you need to do to maintain a certain service level? And how does this compare to building a more expensive asset that will be cheaper to maintain?
These wholeoflife costs lie at the heart of any asset management decision – whether you’re developing something new or looking after what you already have. And they will also be affected by future increases or decreases in user demand or service level needs, as well as by climate change and resilience issues, and by future users’ ability to pay.
Plan for the future
Most infrastructure has a fairly long lifespan, so decisions made today will have implications over many years. It’s important to understand the likely and possible future demands or impacts that will affect your infrastructure network and its service levels. This could lead to a ‘longlife, loosefit’ solution – where an asset is built in a way that it can be readily finetuned later in response to changing needs.
One nearcertainty is that the cost of maintaining and renewing your infrastructure will rise relative to GDP during the asset’s lifespan – a phenomenon that’s been at work since the 1870s, at least. (see Figure 1)
Other possibilities are less certain, however. User demands might change, as might their ability or willingness to pay. Extremes of weather, including dryyears and storm events, will impact New Zealand’s infrastructure. Twenty years is little time in an assets’ projected life, yet such events will occur much more regularly two decades from today. In planning towards this, are you and your customers prepared to wear a servicelevel fall or outage – and to what extent? And what’s your riskmanagement strategy? Where does it sit in the mix between selfinsurance, insurance, and increasing your resilience? (see Figure 2)
As an infrastructure owner, one should carefully think about these drivers and risks when developing and updating longterm asset management plans.
Te Waihanga will be releasing a research report on the topic Insurance or Resilience? in December 2024.
Consider people and capability
Having the right people, systems, and processes at hand is key to good asset management, as is having leadership and governance that asks appropriate questions and demands the necessary information (see Figure 3).
Our Taking care of tomorrow today report found that one of the lowestscoring functions across the infrastructure sectors surveyed was ‘system and improvement’ (also the lowest function for irrigation). This indicates poor quality management of asset management processes generally, as well as poor practices surrounding maturity assessments and management of asset management improvement programmes. The report also points to ‘poor’ asset management leadership and governance across most sectors, and that we could get much better with planning infrastructure and optimising its wholeoflife costs.
From an irrigation perspective, the report highlights a number of issues and makes some sectorspecific recommendations. To read more about these, visit www.tewaihanga.govt.nz/ourwork/researchinsights
Good asset management is not rocket science. However, there are a few key things that must be understood and considered when creating a plan for managing an asset network. Get these right, and you’ll create a solid plan that will guide future investments in your system.
Then, finally and importantly, this plan can be shared with the system stakeholders and users, those people who’ll be paying for and benefitting from the infrastructure service.
Water abstraction: Uncovering insights, challenges, and future directions
The United Nations defines water security as: “The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socioeconomic development … and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and stability”.
In short, water security is a balancing act between the availability, use, and protection of water resources to meet the current and future needs of all users – no small task in anyone’s book!
For example, it seems that on a near daily basis there is an article in the news discussing water concerns; whether there is too much water or not enough, problems with allocation, water restrictions, water quality, or changes to resource management and planning tools. Everyone has an opinion and there is an increasing expectation for transparency from national and regional organisations.
And no wonder. New Zealanders have a special connection to water; it is a taonga and is essential to our way of life and the world we live in (e.g. the environment and economy). Reflecting this relationship between water and the wellbeing and livelihoods of people, ecosystems, and communities, the next generation of resource management plans will incorporate Te Mana o Te Wai and its key principles. However, to do this effectively councils need to be equipped with relevant, uptodate information on the state of the environment – one aspect of which is water abstraction.
There is a long history of water abstraction in the Canterbury region. Specifically, the plains and foothills have seen some of the biggest intensification in farming over the past three decades or so. Intensification has brought with it an increase in the number of dairy cattle in the region, diversification in crop types, advancements in irrigation technology, and a greater focus on water availability and accessibility (i.e. water security).
Water resource management, as regulated by the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) is required to be implemented at a regional level and, as such, management is largely delegated to regional authorities (e.g. Environment Canterbury). There is a requirement to achieve integrated resource management, understanding of water use, and set rules for water allocation through the implementation of regional policy statements and plans, and resource consents.
Water takes via consented abstraction authorise and control water allocation through resource consents. These consents allow us to determine how much water has been legally allocated (i.e. consented allocation). The amount of water allocated often differs from what is actually abstracted. Over the last decade or so, the requirement to measure, record, and telemeter abstraction data to the regional council has become increasingly more common through consent conditions and the tightening of requirements under the Resource Management (Measurement and Reporting of
Water Takes) Regulations 2010 (as amended in 2020).
As a result, measured water abstraction data is becoming more readily available. The importance of this data cannot be overstated. It plays a crucial role in allowing councils to manage water resources effectively and efficiently on top of ensuring compliance with national regulations and consent conditions. Over time the insights afforded by abstraction data will be crucial in preparing for future challenges and uncertainties around water security.
In combination with other environmental data collected at Environment Canterbury (e.g. surface water flows, groundwater levels, rainfall, and water quality) we can understand changes in river/stream flows and groundwater levels. For example, the relationship between abstraction and river/stream flows and groundwater levels over time can help us understand changes in flow regimes (e.g. springfed streams and wetlands can be particularly susceptible to groundwater abstraction), sedimentation patterns, water quality, and freshwater ecosystems (decreased biodiversity). These changes can have flow on effects – excuse the pun – to cultural and recreational values that the community holds. Obviously, abstraction isn’t the only factor to influence these changes, but it is an important component in understanding the whole picture.
Often in science we want to understand flow in its natural state, but abstraction can
influence the flow in surface water systems beyond the influence of any natural processes. A process called flow naturalisation is used to recreate the flow record as if the upstream surface water takes and stream depleting groundwater takes had not occurred (i.e. upstream abstractions are added back to the recorded flow). This information can feed into science models, ecological studies, and the planning process, so it’s important that we have as much highquality abstraction data as possible.
Here at Environment Canterbury we received data for upwards of 5,700 water abstraction points (WAPs) over the 2023–2024 water year. A WAP represents the location (point) where water is abstracted from a water source (or as close to it as possible) and each is identified by a unique number and letter combination. Importantly, the number of WAPs reporting data has increased hugely since the introduction of the regulations along with the completeness of the data with the introduction of telemetry.
That is a lot of data (half a millionish data
points a day) – even to someone who loves data – and making sense of it is inherently tricky. The water abstraction data that we receive is typically in various states of completeness and quality, which can create a lot of uncertainty around the accuracy of the data. Fortunately, cloudbased database technology is helping us to process and analyse large datasets, like the abstraction data, efficiently and consistently, providing us with insights into water abstraction in Canterbury.
Where questions around water allocation and abstraction arise, we have to incorporate additional data sets into our analysis. Unfortunately, the system for allocating water, issuing/renewing consents, and WAP identification is complex and often hard to fully capture in data. When working with data at a regional scale it can be difficult to incorporate this complexity into the analysis, so while every effort is made to limit these obstacles, several limitations and assumptions need to be acknowledged.
This is a good news story, though, and
Where questions around water allocation and abstraction arise, we have to incorporate additional data sets into our analysis. Unfortunately, the system for allocating water, issuing/renewing consents, and WAP identification is complex and often hard to fully capture in data.
in general we have seen data quantity and quality/completeness improve drastically since 2014–2015. This is likely the result of a concerted effort from communities, individual consent holders, and the council, and it is our aim to ensure data quality will continue to improve over time. You’ll notice in the adjacent figure there is a slight dip in the number of WAPs over the 2023–2024 water year. There are many reasons the number of WAPs providing data in a year fluctuates but, in this case, it likely relates to a lag in receiving annual manual data.
Canterbury has the greatest amount of water allocated in New Zealand, but it is also the region with the highest dependency on irrigation during dry periods. Naturally, this raises questions around water security and safeguarding water availability and accessibility for the future in the face of uncertainties. There is a fine balance between environmental protection and abstraction, and while we can compare allocation to consented allocation, considering actual abstraction in relation to the state of the environment can be incredibly insightful.
In Canterbury, actual abstraction equated to just 18 percent of the consented allocation over the 2023–2024 water year. In other words, only 18 percent of the total amount of water consented to be abstracted (i.e. allocated) was actually abstracted over the 2023–24 water year. There are a number of reasons why this is the case, including unbuilt infrastructure and minimum flow restrictions. But also, these numbers are based solely on data that we have. In calculating these values we have
Annual total number of missing data days (i.e. where a complete day of data is missing) and the total number of WAPs with data from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2024.
not accounted for or estimated abstraction data for permitted activities, WAPs that don’t provide data, and data gaps.
As such, it can be misleading to compare the consented allocation and abstraction since data is not available for all WAPs. Therefore, we have looked at a third component which calculates consented allocation for WAPs with data. In this case, actual abstraction equated to just 24 percent of the consented allocation over the 2023–2024 water year. These percentages are annual averages, so there can be a bit of seasonal variation, with higher percentages in summer compared to winter.
A lot of time and effort goes into collecting abstraction data and with an increasing
expectation from consent holders and the public for transparency around reporting I’m excited to think of the insights this environmental dataset will provide in the future. As a start, we intend to publish a new water abstraction report by the end of the year, along with annual summary reports reporting on water abstraction within Canterbury.
For best results… look for the tick!
Designing or upgrading your irrigation or effluent system?
Using an accredited company means your irrigation infrastructure and practice will be efficient, targeted and sustainable.
IRRIGATION DESIGN ACCREDITATION
With more emphasis on irrigation efficiency than ever before, choosing an accredited Irrigation Design company is an easy way to ensure that the irrigation system you install today meets both regulatory and industry performance benchmarks. Accredited Irrigation Design companies have industry trained professionals and excellent product knowledge to ensure that every drop counts.
FARM DAIRY EFFLUENT DESIGN ACCREDITATION
Dairy farm effluent was once considered a waste product, now a reliable source of nutrient that enables dairy farmers to reduce their overall nutrient costs. Farm Dairy Effluent Design accredited companies have the expertise to design and build a dairy effluent system that meets the expectations of regional rules throughout New Zealand.
WATER MEASUREMENT ACCREDITATION
Councils are aiming for national consistency in water metering, measurement and the reporting of water use data. Engaging ‘blue tick’ accredited companies will help ensure work is in line with manufacturers’ specifications, meets industry best practice, and ensures accuracy in the reporting of data back to councils for future decision making.
IrrigationNZ are proud to support our Accredited companies, leading the industry in irrigation design, and product service and delivery.
Find a full list of accredited companies at www.irrigationaccreditation.co.nz
Seasonal climate outlook
December 2024–February 2025
OUTLOOK SUMMARY
A La Niña Watch remains in effect.
Recent signals in both the ocean and the atmosphere point to the tropical Pacific transitioning to more distinct La Niña-like conditions over the course of December. There is however still uncertainty as to whether conventional La Nina thresholds will be exceeded: international guidance indicates about equal chances for La Niña (50%) and neutral (49%) categories during December 2024 – February 2025.
Regardless of whether La Niña is formally declared over the forecast period, weather patterns broadly consistent with La Niña conditions are expected to become more established around Aotearoa New Zealand as the summer season unfolds.
In early-to-mid December, a period of strongerthan-usual westerly winds is expected to bring rainfall, possibly heavy, to most western regions of the country. Thereafter, more typical La Niña-like conditions are expected to develop resulting in increased northeasterly quarter winds.
As the season progresses, a lean towards more
frequent rain events is expected from about the new year, particularly for northern and eastern parts of the North Island. Monitor NIWA35 for updates.
Coastal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained generally above average around the country, ranging from about 0.5˚C to 1.0˚C above average during the past 30 days, but marine heatwave conditions have receded in both extent and amplitude recently. Global climate models’ forecasts are for SSTs to remain above average around New Zealand during the coming summer, and marine heatwaves will remain possible. Monitor the SST update for updates.
December-February soil moisture levels and river flows are most likely to be near or below normal in east of the North Island and the north and west of the South Island, and near normal in the east of the South Island. For the north of the North Island, below normal soil moisture levels are most likely, and near or below normal river flows are equally likely.
Soil moisture levels at depth continue to be below normal in the east of the North Island.
REGIONAL PREDICTIONS
Probabilities (or percent chances) are assigned in three categories: above average, near average, and below average. In the absence of any forecast guidance there would be an equal likelihood (33 percent chance) of the outcome being in any one of the three categories. Forecast information from local and global guidance models is used to indicate the deviation from equal chance expected for the coming three-month period.
Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty
• Spells of unusually warm weather, including warm overnights, are expected as summer progresses.
• Soil moisture levels are most likely to be below normal (45 percent chance) and river flows are equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or below normal (40 percent chance).
Central North Island, Taranaki, Whanganui, Manawatu, Wellington
• Temperatures are very likely to be above average (60 percent chance).
• Rainfall totals are about equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or above normal (35 percent chance) for the summer season as a whole. Heavy rainfall events cannot be ruled out.
• Soil moisture levels are most likely to be near normal (45 percent chance) and river flows are equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or below normal (40 percent chance).
Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Wairarapa
• Temperatures are very likely to be above average (65 percent chance). Spells of unusually warm weather, including warm overnights, are expected especially in the latter half of the summer.
• Rainfall totals are equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or above normal (40 percent chance) for the summer as a whole. Wetter than normal conditions are expected to become more established as the summer unfolds, including the threat of heavy rainfall events.
• Soil moisture levels and river flows are most likely to be below normal (45 percent chance) for the summer as a whole.
Tasman, Nelson, Marlborough, Buller
• Temperatures are very likely to be above average (60 percent chance).
• Rainfall totals are about equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or above normal (35 percent chance) for the summer season as a whole. Heavy rainfall events cannot be ruled out.
• Soil moisture levels and river flows are about equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or below normal (35 percent chance).
West Coast, Southern Alps and foothills, inland Otago, Southland
• Temperatures are very likely to be above average (60 percent chance). More northeasterly winds may contribute to more days above 25˚C than normal.
• Rainfall totals are most likely to be near normal (40 percent chance). After a period of potentially significant rainfall in December, weather patterns more typical of La Niña conditions are expected to develop, with northeasterly quarter flow anomalies resulting in extended dry spells to emerge.
• Soil moisture levels and river flows are equally likely to be near normal (40 percent chance) or below normal (40 percent chance).
Coastal Canterbury and the nearby plains, east Otago
• Temperatures are very likely to be above average (60 percent chance). Northeasterly quarter wind anomalies could lead to nighttimes being more unusually warm than the daytimes.
• Rainfall totals are likely to be near normal (40 percent chance). Dry periods may be interspersed with short and sharp rain events for the region as the season progresses.
• Soil moisture levels and river flows are most likely to be near normal (45 percent chance).
This is an extract of the Seasonal Climate Outlook published by NIWA.
Irrigation helps feed the nation at this time of celebration
Irrigation helps ensure New Zealand has access to high quality, reliable food, whatever the weather. This Christmas we hope you get to enjoy the delicious food and drink that’s grown with irrigation.
Christmas
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