e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020
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EFFECTS OF E.OFFICINALIS ,T.BELLIRICA, T . CHEBULA AND C. LONGA ON DIABETES MELLITUS Raj Nitesh Kumar*1 *1Primary
Health Center Arwal-804401,Bihar,INDIA
ABSTRACT Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidney and nerves due to deficiency of insulin. With aging/genetic factors/environmental factors insulin becomes less effective to introducing glucose into the cells and blood glucose levels continue to rise. E.officinalis contain vitamin C and certain unknown factors; T.bellirica is useful in stomach disorder; T . chebula used as laxative; C longa contains curcumin and other constituents such as sugars, resin, protein vitamin and minerals. These herbs are used in a specific proportion to treat diabetes mellitus. KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin, . E.officinalis ,T.bellirica, T . chebula, C longa.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is the third leading cause of death in many developed countries. It affects about 3% of the general population (WHO,2016). The complications of diabetes affect the eye, kidney and nervous system. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, renal failure, amputation, heart-attacks and stroke. There are two types of diabetes mellitus, that is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the B-cell of islets of langerhans of pancreas. It has profound influence on the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. Insulin is considered as anabolic hormone, as it promotes the synthesis of glycogen, triacylglycerol and proteins (Devidson, 2004). An important feature of diabetes is that the body cells are starved of glucose despite its very high concentration around i.e scarcity in plenty. Insulin plays a key role in regulation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism (C.C Chatterjee, 2003).Insulin is required for the uptake of glucose by muscle, adipose tissue, leukocytes, and mammary gland (Ripsin L M et al,2009). Surprisingly about 80% of glucose uptake in body is not dependent on insulin. Tissues into which glucose can freely enter include Brain, Kidney, Erythrocytes , Retina, Nerve, Blood vessels and Intestinal mucosa , as regards liver, glucose enters into hepatocytes does not require insulin. However, insulin stimulates glucose utilization in liver and thus indirectly promotes its uptake (U. Satyanarayana,2007). Environmental factors interact with a genetic susceptibility to determine which of those with the genetic predisposition actually develop the clinical syndrome and the timing of its onset( Sarwar N , Gao P , et a,2010l ).
II.
ROLE OF INSULIN
It is now recognized that insulin bind to specific plasma membrane receptors present on the target tissue, such as muscles, adipose. This results in a series of reactions ultimately leading to the biological action. There are 3-distinct mechanisms of insulin action are known. One concerned with the induction of transmembrane signals, second with the glucose transport across the membrane and with induction of enzyme synthesis (Spencer E A,Pirie KL,et al, 2008 ). Medicinal plants: According to world Health Organization 80% of the world population use medicine from herbal origin for primary health care (Calixto,2000).E.officinalis is very rich source of vitamin C; Perhaps there are certain unknown factors are present in the fruit. T.bellirica is used in stomach disorders,pils,dropsy. T. chebula is www.irjmets.com
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