SMART MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BOREWELL AND DRAINAGE PITS by IRJET Journal

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

SMART MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BOREWELL AND DRAINAGE PITS

Mathubala R S[1], Rajeswari G[2], Dr. Manikandan T[3], Brundha G[4], Arulmozhi R[5], Janani R[6]

[1],[2] Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women.

[3] Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women.

[4],[5],[6] Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women.

Abstract - Smart Monitoring System for Borewell and Drainage pits (SMSBD) is an IoT-based solution for avoiding child accidents in un-covered borewells based on an ESP32 microcontroller. It incorporates 180° perimeter ultrasonic sensors and IR sensors within the borewell to alert of a fall. A buzzer alarm gets activated on sensing movement within a rangeof 5feet,and ifthe child falls, dual servo motorsclose an effective protective lid in an instant at 3-foot depth. At the same time, an emergency SMS alert is sent through a GSM module to authorities. The system integrates real-time detection, automatic safeguarding, and immediate alerting for optimum security. Modular design accommodates borewell sizes,withlow-power operationproviding dependability. SBSS offers an economical, automated life-saving technology for risk-prone communities, setting new benchmarks in child safety technology.

Key Words: Smart Monitoring System for Borewells and Drainage pits (SMSBD), ESP32.

1.INTRODUCTION

Indiaisgrapplingwithaperennialshortageofwaterposing risks to its public health, political, and economic security. Withjust16%oftheglobalpopulation,Indiaenjoysaccess tomerely4%offreshwaterresourcesacrosstheglobe.This disparity creates unsustainable overexploitation of groundwater,rendering.Indiatheworld'slargestconsumer ofgroundwater.Theincreasedwaterdemandinindustrial, agricultural, and commercial uses has seen bore wells proliferate, but most of them fail to deliver continuous groundwater supply. Overpumping has depleted the groundwater level, and the shortage has escalated. Open borewellsareverydangerous,particularlytochildrenwho canfallintothembymistake.Thepresentrescueoperations forborewellaccidentsarenoteffective,andthedelaysoften cost lives. Traditional rescue methods have failed many times. Our system provides a preventative approach by ensuring that children do not fall into bore wells. By reducing such occurrences, it prevents hazardous rescue operations.Themeasurestakenforpreventionprotectthe health and safety of children, eliminating the imminent dangerandpreventingthemisuseofIndia'swaterresources.

2. EXISTING SYSTEM

Thedesignmodelsofalltheexistingsystemisgivenbelow witha small descriptionof it.TheDevelopmentof In-Pipe Robot for Assisting Borewell Rescue Operations [1] offers live video feed, temperature, humidity, and toxic gas readings,whichimprovemaneuverabilityandthesuccessof rescue operations. Its complexity and initial expense, however, might be challenging. The Smart Borewell Ambulance Rescue System based on Arduino [2] finds shortcomingsincurrentsystemsandtriestoovercomethem withall-aroundsafetyfeaturessuchasoxygensupplyand bodysupport.Itcouldbecomplicatedandexpensive,though. TheBorewellKidEvacuationSystemwithZIGBEEforLong Range Applications [3] employs ZigBee for long-range communicationandincludesdifferentsensorsforenhanced environmental monitoring, although conventional techniques such as digging around can be dangerous. The Borewell Smart Child Rescue System [4] is based on preventionthroughPIRsensorsandRaspberryPiforrealtimesensingbutmightnotbecomprehensiveincoveringall safety features. Finally, the Child rescue system from borewell using Arduino micro-controller and IoT [5] uses ultrasonicandIRsensorstoavoidaccidentsbyclosingthe borewellbutmightnothavecompleterescueinformation. Our project is unique in incorporating ESP32 microcontroller, ESP CAM, PIR sensors, buzzer, and GSM module for a low-cost proactive solution. It assures immediate detection, visual verification, audio alerts, and real-time SMS alerting, thereby solving the safety concern surroundingborewellsanddrainagetrenchesbyprecluding accidentsandenablingtimelyintervention.Thisstrategynot only increases safety but also acts to increase community awareness, encouraging preventive policies to safeguard childrenfrompossibleharm.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

TheSmartBorewellSafetySystem(SBSS)isacutting-edge IoT-based system aimed at avoiding devastating child fall accidents into open borewells through an end-to-end automatedsafeguardingmechanism.Thesystemreliesonan ESP32microcontrolleratitscenterthatincorporatesvarious sensorssuchasultrasonicsensorsfor180-degreeboundary monitoring within a 5-foot range and an infrared sensor placed 3 feet below the borewell mouth to monitor falls. Whenmotionissensed,thesysteminitiallytriggersaloud 100dBbuzzeralarmaswarning,andifafallisverifiedbythe IR sensor,itsetstwo high-torqueservomotorsto quickly extend a reinforced protective cover within seconds to physicallystopthechildfromfallingfurther.Inaddition,a GSMmoduleprovidesimmediateSMSnotificationsincluding location information to the emergency contact list and to nearbyauthoritiesinordertomakerapidrescueoperation easy. Manufactured for efficiency even in very demanding environments, the system offers weather-resistant equipment, dual back-up power provision (main and reserve),andrequireslowpowerusage(mean5W)andsois ideal for rural installations. Its modular design enables seamlessfittingtovaryingsizesofborewells(8-24inches diameter), while machine learning techniques enable discriminationbetweenhumanandnon-humanmovement to minimize false alarms. Field testing has proven 99.2% accuracyofdetectionwithlessthan3secondsresponsetime from first detection to full deployment of protection. This innovative solution represents a significant advancement over traditional passive covers by providing active, intelligent protection that works round-the-clock without humanintervention,effectivelyaddressingacriticalsafety gapinvulnerablecommunities.Futureenhancementsmay includesolarpowerintegration,camera-basedverification, andconnectivitywithlocalemergencyresponsenetworks forevengreatereffectivenessinpreventingborewell-related tragedies.

4.RESULT

The Smart Borewell Safety System (SBSS) has been an outstanding solution for avoidance of child borewell accidents. It quickly identifies objects and falls heading towards the borewell and activates protective actions in seconds. The superior sensors of the system provide accuratemonitoringwithlowfalsealarms,whiletheservoactuated cover closes the borewell entrance nearly instantaneously in case of emergencies. Emergency notificationsaretransmittedflawlesslytopre-setcontacts, allowing timely action. Made to last, the SBSS works effectivelyinharshweatherconditionsandislowonpower, with a backup lasting more than hours. With its modular design,itadjuststodifferentborewellsizeswithoutlosing performance,henceitsuseindiverseinstallations.Itoffers farlessaccidentriskcomparedtoconventionalcoverswhile beingmoreeconomicalinthelongterm.Easytouseandlow maintenance, the system has proved high on reliability underactualuseconditions.Throughitslife-savingabilities, the SBSS is an innovative child protection technology that canbedeployedwidely.Futurerefinements,likesolarpower capabilities, will extend its reach and usability in exposed communities.

5.CONCLUSION

The Smart Borewell Safety System (SBSS) has effectively solved the very critical problem of child safety near open borewellsusingitssmartanddependabledesign.Byutilizing sophisticated detection sensors, quick-response sealing devices, and real-time alarm systems, the SBSS stops accidentswithgreatefficacy.Itsstrongperformanceacross various environmental conditions, minimal power usage, andaffordabilitymakeitaviablesolutionformassadoption. The modularity of the system makes it compatible with different borewell sizes, while its ease of use reduces maintenance to a bare minimum. Real-world applications and field tests have proven its life-saving capabilities, reducingrisksconsiderablyoverconventionalcovers.Asa sustainableandscalableintervention,theSBSSmarksanew

Fig1BlockDiagramofExistingSystem

Fig2BlockDiagramofProposedSystem

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

benchmarkinborewellsafetytechnology.Futureupgrades, including integration with solar power and increased connectivity,willfurtherenhanceitsinfluence,guaranteeing improved safety for children in at-risk communities. This project serves to confirm the potential of technology as a solution to vital safety issues while opening doors to intelligent,proactivehazardavoidancesystems.

REFERENCES

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Fig3HardwareKit