Infrastructure and Possible Options of Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicle

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Infrastructure and Possible Options of Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicle Abhijeet Kamble1, Hrishikesh Tidake2 Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, NBN School of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - This paper presents a progressive review of electrical vehicle charging technology, charging strategies, standards, and improvement techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid electrical Vehicle (HEV) and electrical Vehicle (EV) are initial mentioned. Because the electrical Vehicle (EV) productions and sales are increasing day by day; a heavily electrified quality is holding a promising future. With long-range electrical vehicles turning into a reality, the time intense Associate in Nursing inconvenient method to charge an energy unit is slowly. This paper reviews the present state of the art technology want to charge Associate in Nursing energy unit, the categories of chargers getting used within the completely different regional car markets and therefore the key future developments being created within the charging field to create the charging expertise of Associate in Nursing energy unit owner less time intense, effective and a lot of convenient.

While the inductive charging has existed, it's still not been standardized however. On the opposite hand, battery swap technology are a few things that we tend to hope to own within the future. Every methodology are explained {in detail |intimately |well |very we tend toll |thoroughly} as we proceed ahead within the paper.

Keywords: electrical vehicle; hybrid electrical vehicle; energy unit charging; energy unit standards; improvement I.

INTRODUCTION

The main element in an electrical vehicle is that the battery pack within it and it has to be charged from time to time.

There are numerous ways that to charge it.

Fig 1. Charging Modes II.

The 3 common ways that are, 1.

Expanding e-mobility could be an important building block on the road to a CO2-neutral balance. Government laws to push the employment of eVs square measure a big deem the increase of heat unit models by varied companies. the number of heat unit models introduced by automotive companies is increasing speedily with time [1]. The signal is apparent that shortly the gasoline powered vehicles square measure phased out and there will be a majority of EVs running on the road. The worldwide sales of recent electrical vehicles for the first time passed one,000,000 units, in 2017. The annual traveler heat unit sales square measure expected to cross 10 million by 2025 [2]. As electrical charging networks grow to provide electrical vehicle drivers access to an honest and reliable

Conductive charge

• AC • DC 2. Inductive charge 3. Battery swap

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LITERATURE SURVEY

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

infrastructure, energy systems will got to be compelled to be able to turn out the additional power required. up to date eVs merely high the 200-miles mark of vary being provided by their battery pack making the “poor range” issue less of a hurdle as developments square measure being created at intervals the heat unit battery technology.

With over 350 new, feature packed heat unit models to debut the auto market by 2025. The difficulty of convenient and fast charging is slowly becoming the priority of shoppers to boot as a result of the automakers.

As mobility continues to grow charging solutions and bundles square measure launched by several energy suppliers [3]. The purpose of this paper is to administer an overview of but the eVs square measure being charged today [4] and thus the key technological developments being drained the charging section of the heat unit business. The automotive business is on the verge of profound change. It isn’t merely merchandise and technology that possesses to change; it's but people use this merchandise and their entire experience of possession [5]. To give the purchasers a stronger robust an improved} charging experience that's a lot of convenient, economical and fewer time overwhelming than what is being offered currently. The paper begins with current ways in which on the market to charge associate heat unit. Conductive AC, DC charging is explained totally, followed by the key technological developments being done to boost our experience of charging the heat unit faster and extra handily. that covers - static inductive charging [6], dynamic inductive charging [7], battery swap [8] and smart charging technologies [9]. Subsequently, it discusses some examples from the business global organization agency square measure working on these technologies about to launch within them within the near to future and ultimately the conclusion. Whereas this power infrastructure can accommodate the rise in volume which will accompany larger heat unit penetration, a spike in peak demand is also overwhelming. To manage the charging of associate increasing vary of EVs, there is a necessity for applications which will coordinate the smart charging of eVs and prune the impact of heat unit charging on the grid [10].

III.

surface, in an exceedingly pad-like construction connected to the electricity network. The coil is placed on the vehicle, ideally on very cheap of the automobile, at a secure distance from the passengers. Inside the charging station, the AC is corrected and reborn to a high-frequency AC power. Inside the charger station; this high-frequency power is transferred to the electron volt facet by induction. the most aim behind incorporating the wireless charging technique in EVs is to form less mess than semiconducting charging since it's no cable, thus is a lot of convenient. For self-driving cars, wireless communication will watch out of everything, no plug behavior required.

2) Inductive charging: Dynamic charging there's differently to charge a automobile wirelessly- the dynamic charging, that is comparable to static inductive charging.

The energy transfer from the charger to the automobile is thru magnetic coupling. Coils connected to electrical cables that are accustomed offer power are buried within the road. The coils turn out AN magnetic force field that is picked up by the vehicles driving over them that is reborn into electricity to charge the cars. The benefits of inductive dynamic charging are that it provides an occasional substitute charging time for patrons. The battery size is smaller because the battery pack is charged often on the road. The most barriers of this technology are associated with power transfer potency, as foreign objects on the road, abrasion of the surface of the road, and therefore the coil structure changes within the road-building materials might impact the options of the coil and cut back the ability transfer potency.

3) Battery swap Technology: As the name suggests, this technology works on the premise of shift out the depleted battery and substitution constant battery with a totally charged battery. It involves driving into the battery shift bay, that through an automatic method can position the vehicle and switch out this battery and replace it with a totally charged battery. The depleted batteries are then charged within the station for later readying. The advantage of battery swap technology is that it eliminates vary anxiety and is simply like filling a tank, fast and simple.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN EV CHARGING

4) Good Charging: With our lives progressively being heavily enthusiastic about electricality together with electric vehicles, to use it effectively and with efficiency are terribly crucial within the future. Good charging could be a series of intelligent functionalities to manage the electron volt charging power so as to make a versatile, property, low cost, and economical charging surroundings.

Innovative technologies will facilitate America manage however we tend to use energy a lot of with efficiency and

The charging technologies are being perpetually improved to supply a far higher, hassle-free and fewer long electron volt charging expertise. The main technological developments we would expertise within the future are 1) Inductive charging: Static charging the idea behind inductive charging is that the use of 2 electromagnetically connected coils. The first coil is placed on the paved

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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balance the demand on the grid. Analyzing the daily peaks and troughs within the energy demand, future electrical charging solutions are being developed to optimize the utilization and supply hold on energy back to the grid.

IV.

[6] Witricity.(2020). Drive Solutions [Online]. Available: https://witricity.com/products/automotive/.

[7] Qualcomm. (2017, May.18.). From wireless to dynamic electric vehicle charging: The evolution of Qualcomm Halo [Online].

Available: https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2017/05/18/wi reless-dynamicev-charging-evolution-qualcomm-halo

CONCLUSION

This paper provided a thorough trendy review of the EV technologies, including EV charging methods such as BSS, WPT, and CC, EV charging standards, and optimization techniques for the design of optimal EV charging strategies. The paper discussed the limitations of the existing technologies. In addition, the paper identified some of the research suggestions that needed to be addressed. However, the paper did not investigate in terms of the manufacturing aspects since its focus was mainly on the standard and technologies.

V.

[8] Fred Lambert (2020,Jun,2.).Nio Might Have Figured Out Battery Swap For Electric Cars As It Completes 500,000 Swaps [Online].

Available: https://electrek.co/2020/06/02/nio-battery-swapelectric-carscompletes-500000-swaps/.

[9] Shell (2020) Electric Vehicle Charging [Online].

Available: https://www.shell.com/energy-andinnovation/new-energies/electricvehicle-charging.html.

REFERENCES

[10] Prof.Dr. Pavol Bauer, Dr Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli (Delft University of Technology). Electric Cars: Technology [Online].

Available:https://courses.edx.org/courses/coursev1:Delft X+eCARS2x+ 3T2019/course/

[1] Anon., “Electric Vehicle Market by Vehicle (Passenger Cars & Commercial Vehicles), Vehicle Class (Mid-priced & Luxury), Propulsion (BEV, PHEV & FCEV), EV Sales (OEMs/Models) Charging Station (Normal & Super) & Region - Global Forecast to 2030,” Markets and Markets,.

Rep: AT 4907, June 2019.

Available:https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/MarketReports/electric-vehiclemarket 209371461.html [2] M. Agrawal, M.S. Rajapatel. (2020, Jan). ”Global Perspective on Electric Vehicle 2020. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology [Online]. Volume 9, Issue 01.

Available: https://www.ijert.org/research/global-perspective-onelectric-vehicle2020-IJERTV9IS010005.pdf.

[3] Alice.Grundy. (2020, Feb. 20). Shell Energy launches EV charging bundle offering 2,000 miles free charging [Online].

Available: https://www.currentnews.co.uk/news/shell-energy-launches-evchargingbundle-offering-2-000-miles-free-charging.

[4] Amsterdam Roundtable Foundation and McKinsey & Company The Netherlands, “Electric vehicles in Europe: gearing up for a new phase?, ”McKinsey & Company , Netherlands, April 1, 2014.

Available: https://www.mckinsey.com/featuredinsights/europe/electric-vehiclesin-europe-gearing-upfor-a-new-phase.

[5] Nio. (2020, Jun. 29). A Brief History of Battery Swapping [Online].

Available: https://www.nio.com/blog/brief-history-batteryswapping.

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